2020年to do 作目的状语(课件)

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2020新译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Reading重点知识点讲解课件

2020新译林版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Reading重点知识点讲解课件

从基础层面上讲 旨在,目的是 能够做… 适应…,调整… 执行任务 提出 使某人能够做… 有能力做… 大量
one of+可数名词复数 …之一
1.One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence
capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and
in short (L31) it is clear that… (L31) be at a turning point (L32) learn from mistakes (L33) get close to (L34) work to our advantage (L37) commit crimes (L42) become dependent on (L43) urge sb. to do (L43)
不定式作目的状语
介词短语作后置定语
2.To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put
forward, including “deep learning”,[which enables a machine to improve its
译文:从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人,从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑,AI有着 不计其数的应用。
翻译:从弱小到强大,从穷人到富人,这对人来说是个艰难的转变过程。
From the weak to the powerful, from the poor to the rich, it is a difficult transition for people.

状语从句(43张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件

状语从句(43张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件

知识点 2 状语从句的连接词
(3) 强调句型:It is/was not until ... that ...
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 直到教授来了,我们才开始做实验。 易错点:(1)till不可以置于句稿首定,PP而T until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea o稿新f定,itP上.P千T,款海模量板素选材择持总续有更一 直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事款适。合你
It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......)
自从他参军已经三年了。
稿定PPT
稿定PPT,海量素材持续更
It's two years since we arrived新h,e上re千. 款我模们板选到择这总有儿一两年了。 款适合你
连词
常用句式
before It will be+一段时间+before ... 过……时间才……
since
It will not be/was not long+before ... 不久就会/没多久就…… It was+时间段+befo稿稿r定e定P.P.P.TP,过T海了量素…材…持续(时更 间)才…… It is/has been+一段时新间,上+千s款in模c板e选..择. 总(从有一句用一般过去时)
as soon as / no sooner … than / hardly … when / the moment / the minute /(一…就…) since (自从…以来)
知识点2:状语从句的连接词 No. 1 时间状语从句 1.when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句

状语从句PPT课件(精讲)

状语从句PPT课件(精讲)

连接词类别
作用 as 表示“当„„的时候”,往往和 when/ while 通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同 时或几乎同时发生。
例句 1.She came up as I was cooking.(同时) 2.The runners started as the gun went off.(几 乎同时) 1.When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) 2.Sorry,I was out when you called me.( call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我 刚好外出了。 3. When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时, 客人们已经离开了。 1.When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词) 。 2.Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
8、比较状语从句 常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B 例句 She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

高中英语状语从句课件(共124张PPT)

高中英语状语从句课件(共124张PPT)
Business English Certificate
about BEC, I came to realize that what I learnt was really tiny.
当我了解有关BEC相关的信息后,我才发现自 己所学的简直是九牛一毛。
时间状语从句
since 自从……
We haven’t seen each other since we parted. 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。 备注:主句常用现在完成时,从句 常用一般过去时。
时间状语从句 as when while
时间状语从句
as 正当…… 一 边……一边…… 随着……
1. 表示某事一发生,另一事立即发生
As the suvn. 出ro现ser,istehe fog disv.a消pp失eared.
n. 任期
As he sets out on his second term,
3. 表示两个动作同时发生。 She sang as soon as she did some washing. Report as soon as anything happens.
do some cleaning do some coo
4. 表示“随着…..”。常指一个行为是 另一个行为的结果,或一种状态随另一 种状态变化。
mistakes.
过不了多久,他就会意识到自己的错误。
时间状语从句
after 在……之后
After you use plastic bags, you mustn’t throw them about.
用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。
After I got the relevant information

状语从句(完整版)PPT课件

状语从句(完整版)PPT课件

child, I often played in the park.”(当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常
在公园里玩。)
02
从句时态先于主句
有时从句的时态会先于主句,表示从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前,
如“After he finished his work, he went home.”(他完成工作后就
结果状语从句的谓语动作可以与主句 的谓语动作同时发生,也可以在其后 发生。
结果状语从句的谓语动作可以是已完 成的,也可以是未完成的。
结果状语从句的省略与倒装
01
当结果状语从句的主语与主句主 语一致,且从句谓语包含be动词 时,可以省略从句的主语和be动 词。
02
在某些情况下,为了强调或保持 句子平衡,结果状语从句可以采 用倒装语序。
作用
使句子表达更加完整、准确,增强语 言的逻辑性和连贯性。
状语从句的构成
01
02
03
引导词
引导状语从句的词有 when、where、because 、if、although等。
主语和谓语
从句中通常包含主语和谓 语,构成完整的句子结构 。
时态和语态
根据主句的时态和语态, 从句的时态和语态也会相 应变化。
倒装
有时为了强调或保持句子的平衡,可以将时间状语 从句中的部分成分倒装,如“Only when he arrived did we start the meeting.”(只有当他 到达时,我们才开始会议。)
03
地点状语从句
Chapter
表示地点的连词
01
where:在...地方
02
03
04
wherever:无论在哪里
倒装

非谓语动词之分词作状语(公开课课件)PPT课件

非谓语动词之分词作状语(公开课课件)PPT课件

分词短语作时间状语
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作在 时间上有先后关系,如“Having finished his work, he went home.”
04
分词作状语的注意事项
分词作状语与从句的区别
分词作状语通常表示伴随、时 间、条件等关系,而从句则可 以表达更复杂的关系和意义。
分词作状语不具有主语和谓语, 而从句有主语和谓语。
详细描述
分词作状语通常紧跟在主语之后 ,表示主语执行的动作或状态的 方式、时间、条件、原因等,是 对主语动作或状态的补充说明。
分词作状语的种类
总结词
分词作状语可以分为现在分词作状语和过去分词作状语两种 。
详细描述
现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作或存在的状态,而过去分 词则表示主语已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
非谓语动词的用法
用作主语
例如,To learn English is important.(学习英 语很重要。)
用作宾语
例如,I like reading books.(我 喜欢读书。)
用作表语
例如,The problem is to find a solution.(问题在于 找到一个解决方案。)
分词作状语的特殊用法
分词短语作伴随状语
分词短语作条件状语
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作同 时发生,如“He left, accompanied by his secretary.”
表示分词的动作与句子主语的动作在 条件上有因果关系,如“Given more time, they could have done better.”
练习一
请将下列句子中的分词转换为适 当的状语从句。
句子
Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.

to do 在句子中作的成分

to do 在句子中作的成分

在英语中,“to do”通常用作动词不定式,可以在句子中充当多种成分。

以下是“to do”在句子中可能充当的成分及其含
义:
1. 主语:例如,“To err is human.”(犯错是人之常情。


2. 谓语:例如,“She wants to study abroad next year.”(她想明年出国留学。


3. 宾语:例如,“I have a lot of homework to do tonight.”(今晚我有很多家庭作业要做。


4. 补足语:例如,“He is the only pers on to help me in my hour of need.”(他是在我急需帮助时唯一帮助我的人。


5. 状语:例如,“To eat the apple is to enjoy the sweetness within.”(吃苹果就是为了享受其中的甜味。


需要注意的是,“to do”的具体含义和用法可能会根据语境和上下文而有所不同。

因此,在理解和使用“to do”时,需要结合具体的语境进行分析。

专题五 2020浙江卷7月-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读(解析版)

专题五  2020浙江卷7月-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读(解析版)

专题五2020浙江卷7月-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读(解析版)2020浙江卷7月阅读理解AI am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家)hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性)of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.21. What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A. He has written dozens of plays.B. He has a deep love for the theater.C. He is a professional stage actor.D. He likes reading short plays to others.22. What does the author avoid doing in his work?A. Stating the plays’ central ideas.B. Selecting works by famous playwrights.C. Including various types of plays.D. Offering information on the playwrights.23. What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A. Control their feelings.B. Apply their acting skills.C. Use their imagination.D. Keep their audience in mind.24. What is this text?A. A short story.B. An introduction to a book.C. A play review.D. An advertisement for a theater.【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B【词汇】1. playgoer2. enthusiasm3. purpose4. dialogue5. impression6. collection7. intention 8. variety 9. comedy10. satire 11. poignant 12. contribution13. professional 14. audience 15. review1. playgoer adj. 爱看戏的人;常看戏的人2. enthusiasm n. 热情;热心;热衷的事物3. purpose n. 目的;决心;意图;议题v. 打算;决意4. dialogue n. 对话v. 对话5. impression n. 印象;感觉;模仿n. 印迹;印刷6. collection n. 收集;收取,托收;聚集;收藏品;募捐7. intention n. 意图;目的;意向;打算8. variety n. 多样;种类;多样化n. 杂耍9. comedy n. 喜剧;滑稽;幽默事件10. satire n. 讽刺文;讽刺11. poignant adj. 悲伤的;痛切的;严厉的;尖锐的;剧烈的;浓烈的12. contribution n. 贡献;捐款(赠);投稿13. professional adj. 职业的;专业的;专门的n. 专业人员14. audience n. 听众;观众;读者;倾听;拥护者;正式会见15. review n. 复习;回顾;检讨;评审vt. 检阅;评论;温习;检讨vi. 写评论【长难句】1. I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing myenthusiasm for the theater with others.【句子分析】主干部分:I am an active playgoer and play-reader and my best reason is a hope介词短语作定语:for editing this book介词短语做定语:of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.【翻译】我是一个积极的戏迷和戏剧读者,也许我编辑这本书的最好原因是希望能和其他人分享我对戏剧的热情。

2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲:非谓语动词(3) 课件

2023年高考英语一轮专题复习语法精讲:非谓语动词(3) 课件

考法训练
单句语法填空
4.Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot __to__se_ll_ (sell) some of our eggs.
5 . No agreement __re_a_ch_e_d (reach) at the meeting, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
用法 多表示在谓语动词之后发生的动
作,表示将来的动作
表示主动、进行
表示被动、完成
例题讲解
考法二 考查非谓语动词作定语的用法
[全国新高考Ⅰ2021·63] Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ______ (ache) legs.
句意为:那里的活动有观赏鲸鱼、远足等,且(提供 的)住宿力求对自然环境产生较轻的影响。aim to do sth.意为“力求做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to have。
考法三 考查非谓语动词作宾语、补语、主语和表语的用法
例题讲解
2 [全国甲2021·63] It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
句意为:走完或者骑行完整整14千米是有可 能的。It is possible to do sth.是固定句型,意 为“做某事是有可能的”。故填to walk。

2020年高考英语非谓语动词(共26张PPT)

2020年高考英语非谓语动词(共26张PPT)

D. traveling
【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示动作持续了一段 时间,故用-ing。句意为:和妈妈游遍世界各地,他度过了自己美 好的童年。
3. In the 1970s,people from around the world settled in the UK to live and work, ___food from home which attracted the British.(11省统考二12)
one first is the library.
A. repaired
B. being repaired
C. repairing D. to be repaired 12. (全国I ) Mrs. White showed her student some old maps
_________from the library.
couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told

(二)找逻辑主语
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点, 其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式 (根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式)
10.Dina, _______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (湖南卷 ) A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle

非谓语动词讲解课件-PPT(精)

非谓语动词讲解课件-PPT(精)

C
2). Little Jim should love __________ to the A theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking A
4. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定
式用被动式的形式;动名词用主动式的形式。 句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是 一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有: want、need、require等。 1) Your watch needs repairing \ to be repaired. 2) The windows need painting again \ to be
B
D
非谓语动词题的做题技巧
下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤
一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则
原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式
1.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
非谓语动词的句法作用
非谓语 动词 不定式 动名词 现在分词
主语 √
宾语 √
表语 √
定语 √
宾补 √
状语 √



√ √

√ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词
非谓语动词的句法口诀
• 不定式本领强,六种成分都能当。 • 动名词不示弱,主宾表定用的上。 • 两分词互不让,表定状补争亮相。

高考英语动词不定式精讲解课件(共34张PPT)

高考英语动词不定式精讲解课件(共34张PPT)
B. 做结果状语,常与副词only, enough 或too连用。 only to do “不料(却)……,结果(却)……", 表示 一个没有料到的结果
He studied hard only to fail the exam. The road is too dangerous to cross.
请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
她检查名字为了不犯错误。
She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
三、时态和语态
一般式 进行式 完成式
主动形式 to do
C. 不定式做原因状语, 一般用在句尾 I’m glad to see you. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
(6). 做宾语补足语
A. 常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask,
allow, require, advise, permit, expect, get,
forbid, invite, persuade, urge, order, force, cause, encourage等
结构: ask / allow sb. to do sth./ sth. to be done
5. “Have you decided when _A____?” “Yes,
4. T__o_m__a_k_e_(make) things worse, my car was held up by the traffic accident.

2020年高考英语易错题集锦 不定式作状语

2020年高考英语易错题集锦 不定式作状语

不定式作状语一、要点精讲不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等。

1. 目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,往往意为“为了;想要”。

不定式作状语有三种形式:to do、in order to do、so as to do肯定:toin order to + 动词原形so as toso as to do (一般不用在句首)In order to/To get there on time, they started early.= They started early so as to get there on time.为了按时到那里,他们早早就出发了。

否定:in order not to+ 动词原形so as not toIn order not to fail the exam, you have to work hard.= you have to work hard so as not to fail the exam.为了考试及格,你要努力。

2. 结果状语不定式做结果状语有三种形式:too…to、(not) …enough to do 、so+adj./adv.+as to do(=such+adj.+n.+as to do)The child was too young to look after himself.The child was not old enough to look after himself.The child was so young as not to look after himself.那孩子太小不能照顾自己。

Mike was such a young child as not to look after himself.麦克那么小还不能照顾自己。

不定式做结果状语有时表示“出乎意料的结果”。

经常与only、never连用。

He lifted the rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

to do 做状语和定语

to do 做状语和定语

to do 做状语和定语
“to do”可以作为状语和定语来修饰名词或者动词。

下面我会
分别从状语和定语的角度来详细解释。

首先,作为状语,"to do"通常用来表达目的或原因。

例如,在
句子"I went to the store to do some shopping"中,"to do some shopping"是一个目的状语,说明我去商店的目的是购物。

另外,在句子"He hurried to the station to catch the train"中,"to catch the train"也是一个目的状语,说明他匆忙去车站的目
的是赶火车。

其次,作为定语,"to do"通常修饰名词,表示即将发生的动作
或者需要完成的任务。

例如,在句子"The book to do list is on the table"中,"to do list"是一个定语,修饰名词"book",表示
这本书是一个待办事项清单。

另外,在句子"She gave me a
project to do"中,"to do"也是一个定语,修饰名词"project",
表示需要完成的项目。

总的来说,"to do"作为状语和定语时,能够在句子中起到表达
目的或原因、修饰名词的作用。

希望我对这个问题的回答能够帮到你。

2020高考英语一轮语法考点与训练---非谓语动词附解析

2020高考英语一轮语法考点与训练---非谓语动词附解析

高三一轮语法回顾与训练---非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式to do、v.-ing和v.-ed。

二、非谓语动词的功能:在句中充当除谓语之外的其他成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等)。

注意: 过去分词done 不能充当主语和宾语;having (been) done不能作主语或定语。

三、非谓语动词的含义:1. to do 表“为了做”、“结果(常指意料外的结果)”时,常做目的状语和结果状语;表“要去”、“将要”时,常做定语或表语等。

2. doing 带有“主动”或“正在/ 一直进行中”的含义;表情绪的v.-ing常表“令人感到…”的含义。

3. done 带有“被动”或“已经完成”的含义;表情绪的v.-ed常表“感到…”的含义。

考点归纳一、不定式to do与v.-ing作主语除固定句型外,v.-ing作主语和不定式to do作主语无重大区别,只是侧重点有所不同。

v.-ing 常表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式to do常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。

Sometimes shopping from one location to another makes you wait in line.(泛指一般的、通常的行为)It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. (特指一次具体行为)常考固定句型:(1)It’s no use / good / fun / pleasure doing sth.It’s no use complaining that you don’t have an opportunity to land an ideal job.(2)It’s +adj. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.能搭配of或者for的形容词有哪些?归纳如下,请牢记!It’s kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever of you to do…=You are kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever to do…It’s important / difficult / necessary / easy for you to do…(不能说You are important / difficult /necessary / easy to do…)It’s brave of you to rescue the child from the burning house.It’s difficult for me to handle the problem.二、不定式to do与v.-ing作宾语1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词,即afford / agree…to do sth,(请重点记忆):afford, agree, aim, bother, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, refuse, threatenI cannot afford to pay such a price.We decided not to go out because of the weather.2. 常接v.-ing作宾语的动词(短语),即admit / advise…doing sth,请重点记忆:admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice / practise, quit, risk, resist, stand, suggest, tolerate, feel like, cannot help / resist, be busy, be worth…They couldn’t help / resist laughing when they heard the joke. 他们听到这个笑话不禁大笑起来。

2020高考英语不定式to do

2020高考英语不定式to do

考点名称:不定式•动词不定式的概念:•动词不定式指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。

动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。

••不定式的特殊句型对比:•1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…:1)too…to 太…以至于…。

例如:He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了,说不出话来。

—Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗?—Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。

这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。

谢谢。

2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为“不太”。

例如:It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。

(谚语)3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常…等于very。

例如:I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

2、不定式的特殊句型so as to:1)表示目的:它的否定式是so as not to do。

例如:Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。

2)表示结果:例如:Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾,现在几点了。

状语从句(23张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件

状语从句(23张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件

时间状语从句的引导词
when while as
when, while, as:当…时
①既可以加持续性动词也可以加终止性动词 ②从句动作与主句动作可同时发生也可先后发生
When he arrived all the guests had left. Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
让步状语从句
though和although的用法 (1) 两词用法基本相同,although更加正式一些 (2) even though结构中的though不可以换为although (3) 两词不可与but连用,但是可以和yet, still连用
Though/although she works very hard, she makes slow progress. Though/although she is young, she has travelled to many countries.
条件状语从句
If the weather is terrible next week, we will put off the meeting. As long as you promise to come, I will wait for you. You will be late unless you hurry up. In case it rains, do not expect me.
3. such + 形容词+不可数名词+ that…
This was such fine music that it was worth listening to it again.
比较状语从句
1.在复合句中起比较状语作用的从句称为比较状语从句

状语的用法(形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式和独立成分做状语)课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习

状语的用法(形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式和独立成分做状语)课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习

动词不定式(to do)作状语
• (1)作目的状语,用in order to或so as to • In oder to improve our English, we need to practice more. • (2)作结果状语,常用结构be enough to(足够的),too...to...(太…而不
• personally speaking 就个人而言
talking/speaking of... (谈及……);
• judging by/from... (根据……判断);
given that... (考虑到……);
Thank you for watching !
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
能),only to(意料之外的结果) • He hurried to the bus stop,only to find that the bus had already gone. • 他急匆匆赶到车站,结果发现公交车已经走了。
• (3)作原因状语,常与形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。 • I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.发现门前坐着
一只狗,我很害怕。
独立成分作状语
• 独立成分作状语(通常位于句首,有逗号隔开),其形式不受前后文的影响。常用 的有:
• considering... (鉴于,考虑到);
supposing that... (假定……);
• generally speaking (总的来说);
providing that... (如果……);
状语的用法
Adverbial
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2020年to do 作目的状语(课件)一、句意上的特点
不定式用作目的状语时,其句意特点很明显,通常在译成中文时可用“为了”来表示.如:
To record press both buttons。

录音时须按双钮.
To avoid any delay pleasephone yourorderdirect。

为免延误,请直接打电话预订.
To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class andcomplete theother half for our homework。

......感谢聆听
为了节约课堂时间,我们的老师要求我们学生在课堂上做一半练习,剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。

有时即使没有直接翻译出“为了”,但其中包含了类似意思,如“目的是”“目的是为了”等。

如:
The Government set up a working party to lookinto the problem.
政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。

(调查那个问题=目的是为了调查那个问题)
Doctorsworked through thenight tosave the li fe of the injured man.
医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的生命.(以拯救伤者的生命=目的是为了拯救伤者的生命)
二、结构上的特点
不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。

一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的.比较:To illustratemy pointI have done a compar ative analysis.
为说明我的观点,我做了对比分析。

I have done a comparative analysis to illustrate my point。

我做了对比分析来说明我的观点.
有时为了特别强调目的状语,可以在不定式之前加上in order 或so as,
即构成in ordertodo sth和so asto do sth结构。

如:
Many farmers fertilize their crops inorder to makethem grow more quickly。

许多农民给庄稼施肥,为的是让庄稼长得更快些。

I'll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it。

我要把他的电话号码写下来,以免忘记。

三、语法上的特点
从语法上看,不定式表示目的通常是指发生在谓语动作之后的动作,也就是说,若以谓语动作发生的时间为标准,用作目的状语的不定式是一个尚未发生的将来动作。

如:
He turned his head around to look at people. 他扭头看人。

“扭头”的目的是为了“看人”.很显然,谓语动作“扭头”在先,目的状语“看人"在后。

若以“扭头”发生的时间为标准,“看人”为尚未发生的将来动作.
To kill bugs, spray the area regularly。

为了杀死臭虫,这地方要经常喷洒(药水)。

“喷洒(药水)"的目的是为了“杀死臭虫"。

从逻辑上讲,应该是先“喷洒(药水)",然后才能“杀死臭虫”。

在不定式用作目的状语的考题中还要注意它的语态,即要根据不定式与逻辑主语的关系正确选用合适的语态。

如:
1.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there_________ for a space flight.
A. trainingB.being trained C. to havetrainedD。

to be trained
【解析】答案选D。

由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系,故可排除A和C。

另外,由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的,所以宜用不定式,故选D。

2.The children talked so loudly at dinner tablethat I had to struggle _________。

A。

tobe heard B。

to have heard
C. hearing D。

beingheard
【解析】答案选A。

根据句意,此处指的是“被听见”,故要用被动式,因此可排除B和C。

另外,根据句意,“设法被听见”是目的,所以要用不定式表示,故选A.
【两点注意】
1.不定式作目的状语可以置于句首,并且当需要强调时,通常会置于句首。

但是,同学们在做题时千万不要以为位于句首的不定式就一定是目的状语。

请看:
To cooperate withothers is important。

同他人合作很重要.
To know something about Englishis one thi ng;to knowEnglish isquite another.懂一点英语是一回事;掌握英语完全是另一回事。

上面两句中位于句首的不定式不是目的状语,而是主语。

请再看下面的例句:
To order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit. 订购一辆汽车,你必须交付押金。

To look at him you'dnever thinkhe was a successful businessman.
若看他的外貌,谁也想不到他是个事业有成的商人。

上面两句用于句首的不定式是状语,但不是目的状语,而是条件状语,分别相当于:Ifyou want to ordera vehicle 和If you lookedat him.其中第二句用的是虚拟语气。

2.有人认为回答why的提问时,一定要用不定式,而不能用其他形式的非谓语动词。

这种观点很不全面,可能会起误导作用,如下面这个句子了不定式来回答why的提问:
“Why didyou go thisway?”“你为什么走了这条路?”
“To save time.”“为了节省时间.”
句中的To save time可视为Because I wanted to save time之省略。

但是,下面这个句子却用了动词的-ing形式:
“Why does he look so sad?" “他看上去为什么如此伤心?”
“Having lost his wallet." “他把钱包给丢了。


句中的having lost his wallet可视为Because he has lost his wallet之省略.
...... 感谢聆听 ......。

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