现代大学英语课文译文VI-5
大学英语精读5课文翻译
大学英语精读5课文翻译大学英语精读5课文翻译大学英语精读5课文翻译店铺已经整理好了，各位同学们，我们大家一起看看吧，欢迎各位阅读！大学英语精读5课文翻译Never, ever give up!永不言弃！As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。
现代大学英语5-第六课--翻译
地球以外的生命乔尔·阿肯巴克1.宇宙中奇迹乍现。
出现了一种被称为生命的东西——物质的一种形态;它与岩石、气体和灰尘有本质的不同,但却由同祥的物质,到处存在的同祥的元素构成。
2.生命显而易见,但是它却艰难明确无误地一言以概之。
我们可以说生命繁衍延续.生命耗费能量。
生命适应环境。
某些形式的生命形成了庞大的中央处理网络系统。
至少有一种生命深刻地意识到本身的存在。
3.这种生命抱着一个大大的疑问:还有什么样的生命存在于外部空间呢?(在新千年之交,也许再没有任何其他科学奥秘如此让人跃跃欲试,却又坎坷重重难以求索。
太空是否存在生命,这是我们对自然认识上的空白。
科学家们使用如哈勃太空望远镜之类的各种各祥的仪器发现了一批令人迷惑不解的太空地域,然而至今地球仍然是我们了解的惟一的人可以居住的世界。
5.我们都在猜测,都在设想。
已过世的天文学家卡尔·萨根曾预测,仅我们所在的星系就有上百万个具备高度科学技术的文明社会。
他的较为保守的同事弗兰克·德雷克则认为这样的社会有一万个。
也有持怀疑观点的科学家,如加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家本′朱克曼,他则认为即使不是在整个宇宙,至少在这个星系中我们是仅存的生命。
钆所有的估计都仅仅是猜测而已。
事实上还没有关于地球以外是否存在生命的结论性的证据。
没有证据不等于证明其不存在。
但毕竟我们依然从未发现过任何外星微生物,更不用说外星飞船了。
7.我们对于外空生命的认识其实只是被萨根称为“听起来言之有理的论点”,有许多未知数,许多直觉和想像,亦有许多随意的假设理所当然。
即使我们说服自己相信太空存在生命,我们仍然面对另一个问题,那就是我们对那种生命—无所知。
我们不了解它是否与我1门不同;我们不知诺这种生命是否建立在碳原子基础上,是否需要液体形态的水作为中介,是游呢、飞呢、还是生活在地下。
8.尽管疑团重重、星云障目戊而外空生命越来越成为令人激咖蝌学探索领域。
这个领域被称为外空生物学、天体生物学或者生物天文学。
全新版大学英语5课文翻译
Going for BrokeMatea Gold and David Ferrell1 Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out.孤注一掷马泰娅·戈尔德戴维·费雷尔雷克斯·科勒好像生活在一个狭窄的箱子里，伸手不见五指，空间又狭小，他不知道自己是怎么陷进去的，也不知道自己还能不能走出来。
2 He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.他从不看电影，从不听音乐会，从不躺在沙滩上晒太阳，从不在假日去旅游，从不和家人一起过圣诞节。
大学英语5课文翻译
Prison Studies1 Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something I’ve said, will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to my prison studies.狱中学习今天，许多在什么地方直接听我讲话的人，或在电视上听我讲话的人，或读过我写的东西的人，都会以为我上学远不止只读到8年级。
这一印象完全归之于我在监狱里的学习。
2 It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and I had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese[2 … the words that might as well have been in Chinese: … it would have made no difference if the English words had been i n Chinese, because I didn’t have the slightest knowledge of either.]2. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through onlybook-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I did.其实这事要从查尔斯顿监狱说起，一开始宾比就让我对他的知识渊博羡慕不已。
大学英语精读第5册课文全文翻译
大学英语精读第5册和第6册全文课文翻译
A Kind of Sermon
It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood. Students are naturally surprised and disappointed to discover that a process which ought to become simpler does not appear to do so.
现代大学英语5课文译文
现代大学英语V-1Where_do_we_go_from_here我们向何处去？马丁.路德.金1．为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题，我们现在必须明确我们的现状。
当初拟定宪法时，一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。
如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%，只享受一个人应享受的选举权利的50%。
对于生活中的好事，黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半；而生活中的不愉快，黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。
因此，所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。
并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。
每当审视生活中的负面经历时，黑人总是占双倍的份额。
黑人无业者是白人的两倍。
黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍，从黑人所占的总人口比率上看，在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。
2．其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。
在小学，黑人比白人落后一至三年，并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。
20个上大学的学生中，只有一个是黑人。
在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。
3．这就是我们的现状。
我们的出路在哪里?首先，我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。
我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争，从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。
我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。
几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的，因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。
4．甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。
罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个，其中至少60个微词匿影藏形，例如。
污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。
而与白色相关的词约有134个，它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢，诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。
白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。
家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”，即败家子。
奥西．戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言，从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感，因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。
《现代大学英语精读5》课后句子翻译Lesson1-5
《现代大学英语精读5》课后句子翻译Lesson1-5《现代大学英语精读5》课后句子翻译-英译中Translate the Following into ChineseLesson One: Where Do We Go from Here?1、A white lie is better than a black lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。
2、To upset this homicide, ---Olympian manhood.为了挫败这种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。
3、with a spirit straining ---- self-abnegation.黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。
4、what is needed is a realization---- sentimental and anemic.必须懂得的是没有爱的权力是毫无节制，易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感，苍白无力的。
5、It is precisely this collision --- of our times.正是这种邪恶的权力与毫无权力的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。
6、Now early in this century---and responsibility.在本世纪初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。
7、The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriched literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living.事实上，人们从事改善人类出镜的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。
（完整word版）现代大学英语精读5课后翻译
（完整word版）现代大学英语精读5课后翻译现代大学英语精读5课后翻译Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here1. A white lie is better than a black lie,一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个善意的谎言要好。
2.To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood.为了挫败各种蓄意培植的低人一等的心态，黑人必须直起腰来宣布自己高贵的人格。
3.…with a spirit straining toward true self-esteem, the Negro must boldly throw off the manacles of self-abnegation…黑人必须以一种竭尽全力自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我克制的枷锁。
4.What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love without power issentimental and anemic.必须懂得没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、脆弱无力的。
5.It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.正是这种邪恶的权力和没有权势的道义的冲突构成了我们时代的主要危机。
6.Now, early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起到负面作用。
大学英语5课文翻译
One Writer's Beginnings1 I learned from the age of two or three that any room in our house, at any tim e of day, was there to read in, or to be read to. My m other read to m e. She'd read to m e in the big bedroom in the m ornings, when we were in her rocker together, which ticked in rhythm as we rocked, as though we had a cricket accom panying the story. She'd read to m e in the dining room on winter afternoonsin front of the coal fire, with our cuckoo clock ending the story with "Cuckoo", and at night when I'd got in my own bed. I must have given her no peace.Som etimes she read to m e in the kitchen while she sat churning, and the churning sobbed along with any story. It was m y ambition to have her read to m e while I churned; once she granted m y wish, but she read off m y story before I brought her butter. She was an expressive reader. When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was im possible not to know that she distrusted all cats.作家起步时我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。
现代大学英语精读5课文翻译。。
．一座孤零零的小山在俄克拉荷马的草原上拔地而起，它的西面和北面是维奇塔山脉。
对于我们克尔瓦人来说，它是个古老的界标，我们给它取名叫雨山。
这里有世界上最恶劣的天气。
冬季有大暴风雪，春季就刮起了飓风，到了夏季，草原热得就像铁砧一样。
草变得又脆又黄。
沿着河流和小溪，是长长的绿带，有一排排的山核桃树、柳树和金缕梅。
从远望去，七八月里的树叶热得冒烟，犹如在火中挣扎。
高高的草地上到处都是大个儿的黄绿色的蚱蜢．像玉米花一样爆裂开，刺得人痛。
乌龟在红土地上爬行，不知要去何处。
寂寞荒凉是这里的一大特点。
草原上的一切都是疏离开来的，所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。
要么只是一山，要么只是一树、一人。
清晨，太阳在你的背后冉冉升起，此时观看大地，你会失去平时的比例感。
你会张开想像的翅膀，并认定这就是上帝造设宇宙的起始点。
2．我七月回到了雨山。
我祖母于春季去世，我是想去她的墓地。
她活得很老，最后因虚弱而死。
她死的时候，是她现在惟一活着的女儿陪伴着她。
听说她死时的脸像张孩子的脸。
3．我喜欢把她看作孩子。
她出生时，俄克拉荷马人正生活在其所史上鼎盛时期的最后阶段。
一个多世纪以来，他们掌控着从斯莫克山河到红河那片空旷的山脉，掌控着从加拿大河流的源头到阿肯色河和西马隆河交汇处的地域。
他们与科曼斯人一道，统治着整个南部平原。
发动战争是他们神圣的职责．他们是世人所知的最优秀的骑手。
然而，对于克尔瓦人来说，作战更多是因为这是他们的习惯，而非为了生存。
他们从来都不理解美国骑兵残酷的进攻。
当最后四分五裂、弹尽粮绝时，他们便冒着冰凉的秋雨来到斯代克特平原，陷入了恐慌。
在帕罗多罗坎，他们的弹粮被抢劫一空，只剩下了性命。
为了拯救自己，他们在福特西尔投降，被监禁在一个石头堆砌的牛马棚。
现在，这里已经是个军事博物馆了。
我的祖母得以豁免那高高的灰墙里的羞辱，因为她是在此事件8年或10年后出生的。
但自出生起，她就已经懂得失败给人带来的苦难．这使那些老战士们百思不得其解。
现代大学英语精读5 An Iowa Christmas 课文翻译 译文
Every Christmas should begin with the sound of bells, and when I was a child mine always did. But they were sleigh bells, not church bells, for we lived in a part of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where there were no churches. My bells were on my father’s team of hor ses as he drove up to our horse-headed hitching post with the bobsled that would3 take us to celebrate Christmas on the family farm ten miles out in the country. My father would bring the team down Fifth Avenue at a smart trot, flicking his whip over the h orses’ rumps and making the bells double their light, thin jangling over the snow, whose radiance threw back a brilliance like the sound of bells.每一个圣诞节都是由铃铛声拉开序幕的，我童年记忆中的圣诞节总是如此。
但那不是教堂里的铃铛，而是雪橇上的铃铛，因为我们家居住在爱荷华州的细达河洛佩兹的一个地区，那个地区没有教堂。
我的铃铛在我父亲拉雪橇的马队里。
我家有一个马头形的拴马桩，父亲会把马儿们赶到拴马桩那儿把大雪橇套在马身上，带着我们到10英里以外的乡下农场去庆祝圣诞节。
现代大学英语精读5课文翻译详解
现代大学英语精读5课文翻译详解各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢篇一：现代大学英语精读5课后解释与翻译Lesson 10In our memory, the pre-September 11 world was peaceful, happy and safe (although it was the case) and we will talk about those days with a feeling of deep respect and love which can only be found in talking about dead people.2. In order to win the war, we might have to give up some of the basic values and liberties we treasure most. This might be the cost we have to pay.3. They are planning to carry out the plan of expanding the power of law enforcement agencies at home and of striking at the “axis of evil” abroad so as to extend American domination into areasoriginally beyond American reach, such as Central Asia. Hence, the colonization of the future.4. … which takes for granted that people think in a simple and uniform way while actually the feelings, thoughts and views of the American people are as varied as America itself.5. The terrorist attacks put us at the bottom of the hierarchy of human needs, trying hard to re-establish our confidence in physical safety, the lowest type of safety.6. We are used to thinking that Western democracies practice rule of law and individual rights and freedom are protected by law. Violation of individual rights and suppression of dissenting voices can only be found in repressive regimes.7. People began to put less emphasis on the pursuit of wealth and possession of worldly goods. And the other twodangerous symptoms that went with materialism, that is physical separation from other and irrational behavior as a result of impulse, also became less serious. Materialism, together with the accompanying symptoms of separation and compulsion, had been the cause of the ruin of community in this country.8. … at a time w hen it is highly important for Americans to look into ourselves and ask ourselves why “they hate us”, this concept directs our attention and thinking away from such analysis.9. … history records many crimes committed by human beings which are so horrible that they defy description.spite of the fact that these images are horrible images, images of large-scale atrocity, we still take care to keep alive these images.于是纽约扬基体育场上空的空域关闭，禁止飞机通过。
高英(现代大学英语)精读5 paraphrase 原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work byslave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted for I was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.Yet globalization…Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “ is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoy a comfortable life with all modern facilities.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer.Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without finding a phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.Even when the path is nominally open- when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.About eighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About 85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.In those days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.I wanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, or go to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.On the one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On the other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men. I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractivegirl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech, and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIf I should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of that white man, who shouted “ I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, and yet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Make full use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making friends in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.“You weren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”You were not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conference devotes to poetry.Since those attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.Pitted against these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others that finally carried the day.These were two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not going and they became decisive in my final decision.He is, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.Auden’s Dirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.Spender’s journal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’s record of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these friends, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand whythe . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years.Luckily my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.From one point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness.Their stature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.Clusters of trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and wonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.They would not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely custom and company.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any customary way of praying, add which Iguess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.In this way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
高英(现代大学英语)精读5paraphrase原文+译文
1.The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respect yourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to take part in the struggle against racial discrimination.3.The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only when he/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can be he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5.At that time, economic status was considered the measure of the individual’s ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was to see how much money he had made(or how wealthy he was).6.The absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right and wrong.7.It is not the work of slaves driven to their tasks either by the task, by the taskmaster or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done, because they are forced to work by slave-drivers or because they need to work in order to be fed and clothed.8.When the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated.When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has got is done away with.9.He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God. Only those who have love can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10.Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only talk about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practices racial as racial discrimination.1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself being different types of prodigy, trying to find out which type would best suit me.2.I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.Some new thoughts came to my mind, thoughts that I deliberately wanted to be disobedient, or to be more exact, thoughts that I would say lots of “ I won’t …” to my mother.3.The girl had a sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was somewhat like Shirley Temple, a bit rude, but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, as if this awful side of me had surfaced, at last. While saying these, I was scared as if some very unpleasant, horrible things had got out of my chest; but at the same time, I felt a bit delighted forI was finally able to make this awful part of me known to my mother.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point, I wanted to see it spill over.And I could feel that her anger was coming to the point where her endurance and self-control would collapse, but I wanted to see what exactly she would do when that happened.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it not only shut out the dust but also put an end to my misery and my mother’s dreams as well.1.Yet globalization… Is a reality, not a choice.However, as one report said, globalization “is now an ordinary fact of life, not something one can choose to have or not.”2.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups favored by the general public have appeared in large numbers to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign “cultural assault.”3.Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.Where the two trends- the dislike and fear of things foreign and the desire to build China into one of a powerful, industrialized economy- have often contended with each other for dominance.4.Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work. Those people in countries like China should continue to live a backward life while we ourselves will enjoya comfortable life with all modern facilities.5.Westernization is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.Westernization is a concept full of self-contradictions and held by people of very different backgrounds and views.6.You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.You don’t have to look fashionable or attractive in order to find out what will be the future trend; you only need to be observant and be able to make judgments about it.7.He was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.He was playing the game on the Internet with people living in different parts of the world, an activity that goes far beyond the limit of time zones.8.In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.In the first two weeks after starting business in Shanghai, the Gucci Store made as much as $100,000, a surprisingly large amount of money.9.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture.Early before that/ From the very beginning I realized I was going to need some guidance that would lead me through the rich and wide variety of global cultures.10.The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of expressing repentance may have been characteristic of the Jews, but the desire for forgiveness from God was common to people of all cultures.1.Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna and Berlin, masters and mistresses, are not needed by writer. Unlike a pianist or a painter who must have a piano or hire models, or visit famous cities like Paris, Vienna and Berlin, or to be taught by masters and mistresses, a writer does not need all this.2.she would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes and beliefs( represented by the Angel) would have taken away the essence/ soul of my writing.3.Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her wing or the radiance of her halo upon my page, I took up the inkpot and flung it at her. Thus whenever I felt the influence of traditional Victorian values and attitudes( about gender roles) on my writing, I fought back with all my power.4.For though men sensibly allow themselves great freedom in these respects, I doubt that they realize or can control the extreme severity with which they condemn such freedom in women.This is because, even though men readily allow themselves full freedom in speaking or writing about such as the body and passions, I don’t think they realize how severely they condemn or can control their extremely severe condemnation of, such freedom in women.5.Indeed it will be a long time still, I think, before a woman can sit down to write a book without findinga phantom to be slain, a rock to be dashed against.No doubt, it will still take a long time, as I believe, before women are finally able to enjoy the freedom of writing without having to fight those conventional values, beliefs and prejudices that are unfavorable to them.6. Even when the path is nominally open-when there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant -there are many phantoms and obstacles, as I believe, looming in her way.Even though the path is now open to women in name only, when they have the freedom to choose to be a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, I believe that there still exist many false ideas and obstacles to impede a woman’s progress.7.You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.By fighting against the Angel in the House and through your painstaking efforts, you have gained a position and some freedom in a society which has so far been dominated by men.1.It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization everyone else appears to have been born with: that I am nobody but myself.It took me a long time to get rid of illusions and realize the simple and apparent truth that I am nobody but myself. It was a painful process. I started with high expectations only to be deeply disappointed and thoroughly disillusioned.2.And yet I am no freak of nature, nor of history. I was in the cards, other things having been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago. I am perfectly normal physically and I am a natural product of history; my growth reflects history. When things seemed likely to happen to me, other things has been equal (or unequal) 85 years ago.3.Abouteighty-five years ago they were told that they were free, united with others of our country in everything pertaining to the common good, and in everything social, separate like the fingers of the hand.About85 years ago, they were told that they were freed from slavery and became united with the white people in all the essential things having to do with the common interests of our country, but in social life the blacks and whites still remain separated.4.In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington.Inthose days before I realized I was an invisible man, I imagined that I would become a successful man like Booker T. Washington.5.Iwanted at one and the same time to run from the room, to sink through the floor, orgo to her and cover her from my eyes of the others with my body; to feel the soft thighs, to caress her and destroy her, to love her and murder her.Onthe one hand, I felt so embarrassed that I wanted to run away from the ballroom. On t he other hand I took pity on the girl and so wanted to protect the naked girl from the eyes of the other men.I wanted to love her tenderly because she was an attractive girl, but at the same time I wanted to destroy her because after all she was the immediate cause of our embarrassment.6.Should I try to win against the voice out there Would not this go against my speech , and was not this a moment for humility, for nonresistanceIfI should try my best and win the fight, then I would be winning against the bet of t hat white man, who shouted “I got my money on the big boy. " In that case I would not behave with humility, andyet my speech talked about humility as the essence of success. So maybe I should let that big boy win without putting up resistance, for this was time for me to show humility.7. “ Cast down your bucket where you are” - cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.Makefull use of what you have and do the best you can. Take this attitude in making frien ds in every honorable way, making friends with people of different races among whom we live.8.“Youweren't being smart, were you, boy" "We mean to do right by you, but you've got to know your place at all times.”Youwere not trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way, were you, boy We intend to do the right thing by setting you up as role model, but you must never forget who you are.1. And I was conscious of his superiority in a way which was embarrassing and led to trouble.I knew that Oppenheimer was a man of great talent his way of showing his talent at seminars caused uneasiness and resentment among people, especially among his fellow students.2.This did not seem to be the sort of anecdote that would go over especially well at a conferenc e devotes to poetry.Sincethose attending the conference were people devoted to poetry, such an anecdote, though interesting, might not be appreciated by the audience.3.Pittedagainst these excellent reasons for my not going to the conference were two others thatfinally carried the day.Thesewere two reasons for my going to the conference ser against the reasons for my not goi ng and they became decisive in my final decision.4.Heis, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.Accordingto my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.5.Auden’sDirac-like lucidity, the sheer wonder of the language, and the sense of fun about serious things …Were to me irresistible. Like Dirac, Auden was outstanding in clarity. He was also outstanding in the powerful use of the language and the sense of fun about serious issues. All these greatly fascinated me.6.Spender’sjournal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it does not say.Spender’srecord of this visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of the things he doesn’t say.7.Oppenheimer appears in Spender’s journal as a disembodied figure with no contextual relevance to Spender’s own life.In his book Spender fails to give a connected, complete picture of Oppenheimer and does nit mention that Oppenheimer’s background and situation has quite a lot to do with Spender.8.The real thing was much better.The real person looked much better than the pictures.9.One probably should not read too much into appearance.Maybe one should not attach too much importance to appearance.10. He had outlived them all, but was still under their shadow, especially that of Auden…He had lived longer than any of his more famous friends but traces or influences of these frie nds, especially those of Auden, could still be found on him.1. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think,is where Creation was begun.Thelandscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of the whole universe was begun right here.2.Butwarfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival, and they never understood the grim ,unrelenting advance of the . Cavalry.TheKiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of hab it, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving andthriving. And they could not understand why the . Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.3.Mygrandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years. Luckilymy grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding a nimals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.4. It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new culture, which led to the treatest moment of their history.5.Theyacquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the ground.Nowthey got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on football, gave them this new freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.6.Fromone point of view, their migration was the fruits of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world.In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth that they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains.7.TheKiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent andblind in the wilderness.Theirstature was measured by the distance they could see. Yet, because of the dense forests, they could not see very far, and they could hardly stand straight.8.Clustersof trees and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away andwonder to build upon the mind. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees and animals eating grass. This landscape makes one see far and broadens one's horizon.9. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;they must wean their blood from the northern winter and hold the mountains a while longer in their view.Theywould not yet change the direction southward to the land lying below which was like a large kettle. First they must give their bodies some time to get used to the plains. Secondly, they did not want to lose sight of the mountains so soon.10.Iwas never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all merely cu stom and company.Iwas not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any c ustomary way of praying, add which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.11. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.Inthis way she was entranced in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless(what sh represented would last forever)12.The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the mark and compensation of their servitude.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among themselves. Their gossip revaeled their position as servants of men and a reward for their servitude.。
现代大学英语精读5课文翻译unit
女人的职业1 听说你们协会是有关妇女就业的。
协会秘书要我就职业问题谈谈自己的阅历。
不错，我是女人，我也正在就业。
可是我有些什么阅历呢？这个问题似乎很难回答。
我的职业是文学，文学给予女人特有的阅历比其他职业要少，舞台表演除外。
这是因为许多年前范妮•伯尼、阿普拉•贝恩、哈丽雅特•马蒂诺、简•奥斯丁、乔治•爱略特就在这条路上披荆斩棘了。
无数知名的、不知名的女人在我之前扫除了障碍，调整了我的步伐。
我开始写作时，这个职业已经不拒绝女性了。
写作是个高尚而无害的职业，家庭的安宁不会被钢笔的嚓嚓声打破，也不需要很多的经济投资。
花十六便士买的纸足够写下莎士比亚所有巨著--------假如你也有个莎士比亚的脑袋的话。
作家不需要有钢琴、模特儿，不要周游巴黎、维也纳和柏林，也不需聘请家庭教师。
纸张便宜也许是女人在写作领域比其他领域成功的原因。
2 言归正传吧。
我当作家的故事其实很简单，你们大可想象一个手执钢笔的姑娘坐在卧室，从左到右不停地写着，写着，从十点写到一点。
然后，她把这些稿件装进信封，贴上一便士邮票投进信筒。
我就是这样成为报纸撰稿人的。
第二个月的第一天---- 那对我是辉煌的一天--- 我竟收到编辑给我的信，还附了张一镑十六便士的支票。
可我多不懂生活的艰辛呀！我没用这钱买面包和黄油，买鞋子或袜子，或者付杂货店老板的欠单，而是用它买了一只漂亮的波斯猫，一只不久便令我陷入邻里唇枪舌战的小猫。
3 还有什么比写文章，比用稿费买小猫更容易呢？可是，等等！文章得表明见地。
记得那篇文章是评论某个著名作家小说的。
写那篇文章时我就发现，评论作品时我需要与一种幻影搏斗。
这个幻影就是女人。
多次交锋以后，感觉开始明晰，我借一首著名诗歌里女主人公之名，称她为“屋子里的天使”。
她横亘在我和稿纸之间，困绕我，折磨我，消耗我，令我最终忍无可忍，杀了她。
你们年轻一代比较幸运，可能没听说过她--------因而不知道何为“屋子里的天使”。
我简要地解释一下。
现代大学英语精读5翻译
第三课T1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization〞. (Para.1)今天我们正经历着一种世界围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的构造性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化〞.T2. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld〞. (Para.4)不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充满美国货和表达美国价值观的世界.T3. But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who pose them. (Para.8)不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测.Tr.-4 It’s r eally hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to e up with new stuff is to mix things that already exist. (Para.13) 现今创新极为困难。
现代大学英语5册课后翻译
lesson71. Live with your head in the lion’s mouth…or bust wide open.你要在虎口里求生，我要你对他们唯唯诺诺、笑脸相迎，只有让他们丧失警惕，才能战胜他们。
你要对他们百依百顺，叫他们彻底完蛋。
让他们吞掉你们吧，直到撑得他们呕吐，肚子破裂。
2. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked: 我的牙齿直打战，浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，膝盖也在发抖。
3. I w ant you to run across at the bell…I’m going to get you.铃声一响，你就给我跑过去，照准他的肚子狠狠地揍。
你不打他，我就打你。
4. I strained to pick up the school superintendent’s voice…familiar sound.我竖起耳朵，竭力想听出督学的声音，似乎从他那稍微熟悉的声音中可以得到一点安全感。
5. I moved carefully, avoiding blows, although not too many to attract attention.我小心翼翼地移动着身体，躲避攻击，但我又不能做得过分，否则会引起注意。
6. ….there were no rounds, no bells at three minute intervals to relieve our exhaustion.烟呛得人无法忍受，我们混乱的厮打根本不分回合，更没有隔三分钟摇铃一次的间歇让我们喘气。
7. Hardly had the bell stopped ringing in my years tha n…toward me.耳朵里的铃声还没断，第二遍铃声就当的一声响起来了，只见那大个子迅速超我扑过来。
8. A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping…my dilemma.我正在左右跳动，忽然一拳打在我的头上，我的右眼像玩具跳偶一样暴了出来，这把我从进退两难中解脱了出来。
大学英语精读5课文翻译
⼤学英语精读5课⽂翻译 ⼤学精读5课⽂翻译店铺已经整理好了，各位们，我们⼤家⼀起看看吧，欢迎各位阅读！ ⼤学英语精读5课⽂翻译 Never, ever give up! 永不⾔弃！ As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. 英国的伟⼤⾸相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵⼠，⼩时候在哈罗公学上学。
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现代大学英语课文译文VI-5四、课文译文“一”对“多”亚瑟·M·斯莱辛格1．在这个新生国家渴望发展的时代，回眸美国从不发达国家开始的发展历程是很有教益的。
2．当然，每个国家都有各自的发展问题而且必须根据其各自的传统、能力和价值解决它们。
美国的经验在很多方面是独特的。
这个国家有着得天独厚的优势一主要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富。
但是很明显，人口和资源之间有利的比例不是促进美国发展的惟一因素。
如果真是这样的话，在人口与资源比例上更有优势的印第安人，在海外殖民者到来以前，早就应该把国家发展起来了。
同样重要的还有这些殖民者在面临各种经济和社会环境的挑战时的精神。
几个基本思想因素对于促进美洲大陆社会和经济迅速发展起到了至关重要的作用。
3．其中一个思想因素是对教育的深信不疑。
对人的投入是社会资源分配的最基本方式，这种信念在美国殖民地最早期就存在。
它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求；它源于对人的尊严的笃信以及由此而产生的信念，即给人们提供机会去发展其最大的潜能是社会的责任。
但与此同时，它帮助美国奠定了走向现代化的基本条件。
4．现代化的工业社会必须首先是知识的社会。
经济历史学家把美国两个世纪发展期间2／3的经济增长归功于生产率的提高。
当然，这种生产率的提高直接来源于国家对教育和研究的投入。
J.K.高尔布莱斯曾经恰当地指出：“在智力提高上投入的每一美元或卢比所带来的国家收入，都大于将其投入到铁路、水坝、机器工具，或其他有形生产资料所能带来的国家收入。
”这句话准确地叙述了美国的经验。
5．促进美国发展进程的另一个思想因素是对自治和代议制的追求。
我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式。
民主思想一方面确信人的自由的重要性和创新来自个人；另一方面是懂得合作的作用，这种合作包括义务的和自发的两种。
6．但所有因素当中最基本的，或许是对美国发展速度最重要的一个，是美国拒绝关于社会本质和经济规律的教条式的偏见。
幸运的是美国不是一个观念性很强的国家。
7．在我看来，意识形态体系是指人们探索去理解、维护和改变世界时所遵循的系统的、固定的信条总和。
意识形态体系与经验主义的斗争在人类历史上源远流长。
在意识形态体系与经验主义的斗争史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物——赛亚·贝林先生称之为“刺猬”即懂得一件大事的人，和“狐狸”即知道很多小事的人。
8．没有人能说美国始终如一地不受意识形态体系诱惑的影响，也就是不受以一种有序的、全面的、永恒的方式来确定国家目标的诱惑的影响。
毕竟，美国人的思维方式深受加尔文派神学的影响，这种神学是有史以来人类创造的最崇高、最令人敬畏的分析体系之一，而如此形成的思维方式一定始终容易受到世俗意识形态体系的攻击。
那些所谓“剌猬”贯穿于美国整个历史，他们企图赋予美国一个万能的信条，把美国精神转变成一系列必须遵循的主张，用一种或另一种最终规律来解释国家的传统。
9．然而，大多数美国人对抽象的理性主义和僵硬的先验理论持明智的不信任态度。
我们的民族不相信一成不变的终极目标，而忠诚于发展中探求。
在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系。
她不允许由于信仰教条的原因使现实被歪曲，使人们的实践受到束缚，使选择的范围变得十分狭小。
这种对意识形态体系的怀疑是社会创造力的首要源泉。
最重要的美国社会思想是经验主义、实践主义和实用主义。
结果，美国最显著的特点是创新和尝试。
10．实用主义不再完全排斥抽象概念，就像意识形态体系不再完全排斥经验一样。
当抽象概念与经验发生冲突、必须做出取舍时，区别就显现出来了。
在这一点上，实用主义者拒绝抽象概念，而意识形态主义者拒绝经验。
共和国的早期历史阐释了这种差异。
美国独立战争是在某些普遍价值指导下的实用主义的尝试。
殖民者们为独立而战所根据的是英国的公民自由和代议制政府的理想；他们起义反抗英国人是用了英国的理由。
美国独立的理想可以在伴随国家产生的权威文献当中找到表述：独立宣言、宪法以及权利法案。
11．保持理想与意识形态体系的差异是非常重要的。
理想是指一个国家的长远目标以及它所追求的精神。
意识形态体系是不同的，它更系统、更详尽、更全面、更教条。
开国者托马斯·杰斐逊的事例证明了这种差异。
杰斐逊既是理想的阐述者，又是意识形态体系的阐述者。
作为理想的阐述者，他仍然是一个充满活力、富于创新的人——不仅活在美国人心中，我相信也活在所有主张人的尊严和自由的人心中。
然而，作为一个意识形态主义者，他只是一个令人好奇的历史人物，他的思想过时而与今天的现实无关。
作为一个意识形态主义者，比如说他相信农业是理想社会的惟一基础；小土地所有制是自由的根基；诚实的、品德高尚的耕种者是民主国家惟一可以信赖的公民；以农业为基础的经济是自我调节的，因此要求最小的政府；管得越少的政府越是好政府；另一方面，自由国家的最大敌人是都市化，工业、银行业、无土地的工人阶级和所有其他的我们现在所知道现代化过程中的特点，以及能指导国家发展的强大政府。
这就是杰斐逊的意识形态体系，如果美国响应了这种思想，我们今天将是一个衰弱无能的国家。
响应了他的理想而不是意识形态体系，美国成为了一个强大的现代化国家。
12．幸运的是，杰斐逊喜欢他的理想胜过他的意识形态体系。
如果发生冲突，他选择怎样对百姓有利而不是怎样符合理论条条。
说实在的，杰斐逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的。
他的性格特征基本上是灵活的、从经验出发的。
真正的杰斐逊不是意识形态体系的杰斐逊，而是那个曾经指出“一代人不能把他们关于公共政策和人类命运的主张强加给下一代人”的杰斐逊。
13．对意识形态体系的忠诚错在哪呢?问题是这样的，意识形态体系不是现实的描绘，它来自现实的模式，设计的模式把现实中的模式创造者(意识形态主义者)认为至关重要的某些明显特征区分出来。
也就是说，意识形态体系是来自现实的抽象概念。
抽象观念或模式本身并没有错。
事实上，没有它们，我们就不可能进行讨论。
意识形态体系的谬误是忘记了意识形态体系是对现实的抽象概念，而把这种抽象概念本身当成了现实。
14．简而言之，意识形态主义者不断发生的错误是他们混淆了自己整齐的模式与广阔的、汹涌的、不可预见的人类实践的现实之间的区别。
这种混淆至少有两方面恶果：让意识形态体系的信仰者犯宿命论历史观的错误；误导他们对公共政策的具体选择。
15．让我们思考一下意识形态主义者的历史观。
他们主张历史的秘密是可以被了解的，根据清晰的、绝对的、能解释过去和预测未来的社会信条。
意识形态体系因此预先假定了一个封闭的世界，它的历史是确定的，它的原则是一成不变的，它的价值和目标是可以从社会信条体系中推理出来的，而这个理论体系的本质掌握在永无谬误的圣人手中。
在关于“一”和“多”的古老的哲学争论中，意识形态主义者支持“一”。
他们坚信世界作为一个整体是可以被认知的，一个单一的观点是：丰富的、永不停顿的人类生活可以简化为一个单一抽象的解释系统。
16．美国的传统发现了这种关于人类历史的观点是矛盾的、虚假的。
美国传统把世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。
威廉·詹姆士的作品以及被詹姆士称作“激进经验主义”的对待哲学问题的方法，最好地表达了这种经验主义的本能，即着重事实而不是推理，看重行动而不是教条。
詹姆士反对认为单一的解释就能解答历史上所有的问题这样的信念，反对认为所有政治和社会问题都能在那些圣典的结论部分找到答案的主张，反对对历史宿命论的解释，反对封闭的世界。
他支持被他称为“未完成的世界”…一一个以成长、多样性、不确定性、神秘、偶然性为特征的世界——一个自由的人们可以找到部分真理，而不是某个凡人独自掌握了绝对真理的世界；一个社会的进步不是依赖单一的学说，而是依靠自由思想不受约束的交流的世界。
17．因此意识形态体系和实用主义的历史观是完全不同的。
就如同他们处理公共政策的方法完全不同一样。
意识形态主义者错把模式当现实，总是误导关于公共决策的可能性和结果。
20世纪的历史就是意识形态体系使人类多方面误人歧途的记录。
18．让我们看一个当代的例子。
例如是选择公有制还是选择私有制，在发展中国家占据了如此多的政治经济讨论，现在已经很清楚了，它不是宗教的原则。
它不是一个由绝对论者意见决定的道德问题，也不能被那些认为公有制是邪恶的右派，或那些认为私有制可耻的左派来决定。
它不是理论能回答的问题，只能通过经验和试验来解决。
我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语。
这些词语不再有清晰的含义。
这些词语只能使头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒。
他们是煽动的言辞，而不是分析的话语。
19．随着混合社会的发明，实用主义战胜了绝对论。
由此，世界明白了混合经济提供了把社会控制和个人自由有机结合的手段。
但意识形态体系就像毒品’：不管实践怎样揭露它，对它的渴望依然存在。
这种渴望无疑会永远存在，只要还有人渴望找到一种无所不包并能解释一切的意识形态体系。
真的，只要政治哲学的形成仍受到追根求源这种冲动支配。
20．我们曾经提到过，最古老的问题是“一”与“多”关系的问题。
我们可以确定无疑地说，我们这个时代的根本矛盾恰恰是那些想要把世界简化为“一”的人与那些认为世界是“多”的人之间的冲突——那些相信世界会朝着一个方向进化、经过单一预先设定好的路线、奔着单一预设的结局的人与那些相信人类的未来就像过去一样，根据多样化的传统、价值、目标继续朝着多个方向、奔向多种结局的人之间的冲突。
简而言之，它是在教条主义和实用主义、理论社会和试验社会之间的选择。
21．意识形态主义者害怕思想的流动，甚至在他们自己思想体系内的不正常的流动。
他们确信他们独占真理。
因此他们总是觉得屠杀异端者是在拯救世界。
他们的追求仍然是根据他们的意识形态体系改造世界。
他们的目标是按照确定可靠的理论，建造一个铁板一块的世界——绝对的权力必然导致权力的滥用。
22．自由人的目标与此大相径庭。
自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理。
他们宗教和理性的传统致使他们怀疑那些声称永无谬误的人。
他们认为对于一个人来说，没有比把自己当作神更荒唐的了。
他们承认人的智力是有限的，人的心灵是脆弱的，人类在判断力上是各具特色的。
他们懂得人类奋斗是存在缺憾的，但仍然奋斗不息。
(马艳红译，陈莺审校)。