高考英语精典素材：19.句子类型完整稿

八种句子成分
主语（subject）
谓语（predicate）
表语（predicative）
宾语（object）
定语（attribute）
状语(adverbial)
宾语补足语（object complement） 同位语
九种句子成分与词类的关系
主语（subject）：是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。 (n., pron.,to do, doing and that-clause) 句首 谓语（predicate）： 说明主语所发出的动作或跟从的状态。
英语知识体系简介
学好英语需要：充足的词汇+ 语法+ 运用（听、说、读、写） 音 词汇 义 词性 词法 ：研究及其 组成规律。
英语词类的变化形式有：
1 名词、代词的数、格、性的变化。 2 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化。 3 动词的人称、时态、语态和语气的变化。 十大词类：noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, verb, article, preposition, conjunction, interjection
Pick out the sentences : 1. The first thing we should do is to solve the problem at once. 复句
2. His returning to our country.
短语
3. Names of villages and small towns.
He is a student. / He is happy.
名词 短
She is a woman doctor.
形容词
语 介词
She is full of joy. He is in the room.
不定式
His wish is to help others.
动名词
My job is writing articles.
7. The thought of her own plan
短语 8. Bought a ticket from the conductor.
单句 9. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important effect on our lives? 并列句
4. My classmates and I study and play together. 5. He once lived and worked there. 6. No one can reply whether it will rain tomorrow. 7. It seemed that they had lost something. 8. The lessons he taught were important. 9. Don’t miss the chance, or you will regret it. 10. I began to go to school at the age of six.
短语 4. Take care of yourself when you are away from home. 复句 5. To discover the secret of the nature. 短语 6. In this restaurant the food is good , but the service is poor. 并列句
宾 单词
补 (adj./n./ad.)
I will make him rich./I will give you happiness.
名词 短
I found her a woman doctor.
形容词
语 介词
The news made him full of joy.
I found him in the room.
从句
I know the boy who visited you.
The boy whom you visited is Tom.
状 单词
语(adv./adj.)
I am sitting here./I went there yesterday.
名词 短
形容词
语 介词
He came in ,full of joy. He is sitting in the room.
(verbs)
主语后
表语（predicative）： 表示主语的身分、状态或特征。(n., pron., adj., adverbs for places, prepositional phrases, to do ，doing, done and that-clause.) 系动词之后 宾语（object）： 说明动作的对象或承受者 (n, pron, to do, doing and that-clause.) 在及物动词或介词 之后
定语（attribute）： 限定或修饰名词或代词。 adj., adverbs for places, pron, n., prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and that-clauses. 名词前或后 状语(adverbial) ： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 adv., prepositional phrases, to do, doing done and that-clauses. 具体情况而定位置 宾语补足语（object complement）： 说明宾语的性质、状态、 （adj., n, adverbs for places, 特征或宾语发出的动作。 to do, doing and done） 宾语之后 同位语：补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。 （n. or that-clauses） e.g. My father, a doctor, is very kind.
Practice: Analyze the following sentences.
1. The farmers don’t stay long in the same places. 2. We are having a wonderful time. 3. It’s dangerous to swim in the river. 4. I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. 5. I’m going to move to another city next month. 6. Thank you for writing to me.
Point out the type of each sentence:
指出句子类型（单，复合，并列） 1. Let him have a rest.
2. The boy is clever yet he is not diligent.
3. Either you are right or I am .
句子： 含有主谓结构的一组词， 有比较完整的意义。 sentence 句子的类型 从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：
只有一个主谓结构的句子。 1.简单句： e.g. This kind of computer could be made in China even
in the seventies.
2.并列句： 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一 起构成。 e.g. I asked Dick for some help, but he couldn’t do it , either. 3.复合句： 含有一个主句和一个或更多的从句。 e.g. They were deeply moved by what they saw and heard there.
不定式 动名词 分词
He wanted me to help others.
I find the story interesting./ I find him interested in the film.
从句
定 单词
语(adj./ad.)
He is a good student.
名词 短
形容词
语 介词
This is a boy full of joy. The boy in the room is Tom.
不定式 动名词 分词
I have a chance to help others. This is a writing desk. The children like the interesting stories.
从句
含有主谓结构的一组词，在句子中作一个成分，
(clause) 一般由连接词、关系代词或关系副词引导。
e.g. If you want to say something, say it clearly.
名词性从句：主语从句， 宾语从句，
表语从句，
从句 同位语从句 形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：状语从句
分词
The story is interesting./ I am interested in the story.
从句
The fact is that he will go there . The question is whether he will go there.
宾 单词
语 (n./pron.)
不定式
I went there to help others.
动名词 分词
Walking in the street, I saw him. Given enough time, we will do it better.