太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
（每题2分，共10分）[短文内容略](1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) What does the author suggest about the future of technology?(3) Why are some people hesitant to adopt new technologies?(4) What is the role of education in technological advancement?(5) How can individuals contribute to the development of technology?2. 阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择最佳答案。
（每题2分，共10分）[文章内容略](1) A(2) B(3) C(4) D(5) E3. 阅读以下文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。
（每题3分，共20分） [文章内容略](1) What is the primary purpose of the article?(2) How does the author describe the impact of globalization?(3) What are some of the challenges faced by developing countries?(4) What solutions does the author propose to address the issues?(5) What is the author's conclusion regarding the futureof globalization?二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 根据句子意思，选择正确的词汇填空。
2020-2021学年山西省太原市理工大学实验中学高二英语模拟试卷含部分解析
2020-2021学年山西省太原市理工大学实验中学高二英语模拟试卷含解析一、选择题1. The Chinese mainland reported 130 H7N9 cases on May 27, _______ 36 ended in death.A. on whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which参考答案：C30.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed learners can _____ a teacher with many challenging problems.A. provideB. produceC. presentD. offer参考答案：C略3. ______ all the arguments ,I had to make up an excuse and left..A. Attracted toB. Tired fromC. Attracted byD. Tired of参考答案：D4. _______the fact that there was great prejudice against women entering men’s profession then, she succeeded as a manager of a big company.A. In spite ofB. WhileC. Despite of D . Though参考答案：A5. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ________ he is tired out.A.There is no pointB.There is no needC.It is no wonderD.It is no way参考答案：C6. Kate always seems nervous in public. Maybe she _____ the confidence to talk to strangers. A. enjoys B. rejects C. lacks D. fastens参考答案：C28. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she____ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined参考答案：D略8. A basketball team is made up 5 players.A.atB.ofC.inD.on参考答案：B9. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______________.A. themB. thoseC. itD. that参考答案：C10. With time ____ by , they got to know each other better.A. passesB. passingC. passedD. to be passed参考答案：B试题分析：句意：随着时间过去他们互相有了更好的了解。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题I was（）by their kindness and moved to tears.问题1选项A.preoccupiedB.embarrassedC.overwhelmedD.counseled【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项preoccupied“使全神贯注，抢先占有”；B选项embarrassed“使困窘”；C选项overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”；D选项counseled“被劝告”。
句意：我被他们的善良（），感动得流下眼泪。
overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”和带有情绪色彩的move to tear 搭配使句子通顺。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Some years ago, Houston airport faced a troubling issue. Passengers were（1）about the long waits at baggage claim (行李提取处).（2）, the executives increased the number of baggage handlers. The plan（3）: the average wait fell to eight minutes, well within industry standard.（4）the complaints persisted.（5）, the airport executives undertook a more careful analysis. They found that it（6）passengers a minute to walk from their arrival gates to baggage claim and seven more minutes to get their bags. （7）, roughly 88 percent of their time was spent standing around waiting for their bags.So they decided on a new approach:（8）reducing wait time, they moved the arrival gates farther away from the main terminal. Passengers now had to walk six times longer. Complaints dropped to near（9）.This story shows that the experience of waiting is defined only partly by the objective （10）of the wait. Occupied time (walking to baggage claim) feels（11）than unoccupied time (（12）at baggage claim). Research on queuing has shown that, people on average,（13）how long they’ve waited in a line.This is also（14）one finds mirrors next to elevators. The（15）was born during the post-World War II boom, when the spread of high-rises（16）complaints about elevator delays. The reason behind the mirrors was（17）to the one used at the Houston airport: give people something to occupy their time.（18）overnight, the complaints ceased.We’ll never（19）lines altogether, but a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make those（20）delays more bearable. And when all else fails, bring a book.问题1选项A.warningB.thinkingC.askingplaining问题2选项A.In responseB.In factC.In theoryD.In turn问题3选项A.failedB.workedC.stoppedD.continued问题4选项A.SoB.ButC.OrD.And问题5选项A.PuzzledB.ScaredC.DelightedD.Relieved问题6选项A.spentB.neededC.costD.took问题7选项A.In generalB.In additionC.In any caseD.In other words问题8选项A.in spite ofB.instead ofC.by means ofD.because of问题9选项A.nothingB.zeroC.noneD.no问题10选项plaintB.reachC.feelingD.length问题11选项A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.harder问题12选项A.lookingB.standingC.servingD.pointing问题13选项A.dislikeB.disagreeC.overestimateD.misunderstand 问题14选项A.howB.whatC.whyD.when问题15选项A.reasonB.problemC.standardD.idea问题16选项A.called forB.pointed outC.led toD.began with问题17选项A.accustomedB.specificC.helpfulD.similar问题18选项A.RatherB.QuiteC.EntirelyD.Almost问题19选项A.crossB.eliminateC.drawD.create问题20选项A.inadequateB.impatientC.impossibleD.inevitable【答案】第1题:D 第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:B第16题:C第17题:D第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】1.考查动词辨析。
太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案
07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。
太原理工大学《大学英语综合提升》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
站名： 年级专业： 姓名： 学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。
…………………………密………………………………封………………………………线…………………………太原理工大学《大学英语综合提升》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre seats an audience of approximately 4, 000. A ．where B ．whoseC ．whichD ．when2、The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it. A ．until B ．becauseC ．thoughD ．unless3、Our English teacher , having explained to us how to design a project, allowed us a whole week’s preparation and then ______the class. A ．to dismiss B ．dismissedC ．dismissingD ．having dismissed4、Father made a promise______________ I did well in the entrance exam, he would take me to Hong Kong in the summer vacation. A ．if that B ．ifC ．that ifD ．that5、________Wuhu with Shanghai, to be frank, and you'll find it's more convenient to live in the former. A ．To compareB ．ComparingC ．CompareD ．Compared6、Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A ．boughtB ．have boughtC ．will buyD ．buy7、— Nancy, what classes are you taking this term?— _____ I want to take two English courses, or maybe Spanish. A ．What’s up? B ．It’s none of your business. C ．I’ve no idea. D ．I’m not sure yet.8、There are lots of examples of English idioms ________ animals are used. A ．which B ．whenC ．whoseD ．where9、Mr. Green was very famous when he lived there. There is ______ to be someone in this district who remembers him. A ．content B ．opposedC ．boundD ．restricted10、That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you ________, who’s to say that another person will? A ．didn’tB ．don’tC ．weren’tD ．haven’t第二部分 阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
考博英语(完形填空)模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（完形填空）模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. ClozeClozeOne of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production—capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring【1】profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,【2】, have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of【3】that they call “postindustrial” society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 【4】amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important【5】of profits and influence; knowledge as well as【6】capital brings profits and influence. There are many【7】with the thesis above, not the least of【8】is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not【9】the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 【10】of some new industries indicates.【11】, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have【12】many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In【13】with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be【14】that those already in control of huge amounts of capital(i. e. , major corporations)soon 【15】to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly【16】. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service【17】. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the【18】of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe【19】for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and【20】them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.1．【1】A．quantitativeB．extensiveC．comprehensiveD．sophisticated正确答案：B解析：B项“extensive广大的”符合文意，如：The school has extensive playingfields．(这个学校有宽阔的活动场地。
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never______his early promise.A．completedB．performedC．concludedD．fulfilled正确答案：D解析：本题测试动词与promise的搭配。
只有fulfill与promise搭配表示“实现诺言”。
知识模块：词汇2．Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its ______ and movement in and through land areas.A．flowB．absorptionC．distributionD．evaporation正确答案：C解析：本题空格处是说包括它的分布和运动。
C项distribution“分布”符合题意。
其他三项flow“流动”，absorption“吸收”，evaporation“蒸发”都不正确。
知识模块：词汇3．Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of______love.A．extravagantB．prominentC．prescientD．eternal正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说结婚戒指是永恒爱情的象征。
D项eternal“永恒的”符合题意，如：Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs!(革命先烈永垂不朽!)其他三项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的”，prominent“卓越的，显著的”，prescient“预见的，先知的”都不正确。
考博英语模拟试卷63(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷63(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAt no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’ s estimated that more than two thirds of the word’s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water--will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon. Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world’s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury? London is a good example. It was the world’ s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world’s first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London’s future success depends very much on transport. Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today. As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed.1．It is believed that ______.A．overpopulation causes the problems in citiesB．two-thirds of the world’ s population are living in cities todayC．it isn’ t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities todayD．with fewer people, we would be free from any problems正确答案：A解析：第一段提到2030年估计世界多于2/3的人口将会居住在城市，这意味着the problems faced by cities today．．．will be twice as had in the next century，unless we find solutions soon，可见是人口过度导致城市面临诸多问题。
考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷26(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionOne of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea [aquatic mammals] has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks. Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the “big bang”theory of cetacean predation. Ken Norris, natural history professor, believes that rather than use their teeth to attack their victims, toothed whales stun their prey with intense bursts of sound. He points out that all 68 species of odontocetes (a sub-order that includes dolphins) use sound to locate their victims, and suggests this ability may have evolved to the point where it could be used as a weapon. Millions of years ago, the ancestors of whales had a narrow tapered jaw, streamlined for speed and bristling with long rows of sharp teeth. Today odontocetes are not adapted to surprising their prey or trapping it quickly. Most are more bulky than their forebearers; their teeth are short and unevenly spaced when they exist at all. Norris suggests that because of their sonar ability, whales’ teeth have become vestigial, like the human appendix. It is difficult to test the big bang theory because in captivity, cetaceans tend to moderate their sonar so as not to deafen other creatures in their small, highly reflective tanks. Dolphins are known to politely turn off their echolocation systems when passing one another. And in the wild it’s hard to tell whether a sound came from a nearby animal or form another very far away. But Norris points to the male narwhal as tacit proof of his theory. This whale has no teeth, and the single spiral tusk that extends about eight feet in front of him would seem to be more of an impediment than an aid in catching shrimp, his preferred feed. “You look at these animals and you wonder what’s going on.”1．The underlined word enigma means ______.A．debateB．factC．mysteryD．proof正确答案：C解析：enigma难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等；奥秘2．The primary purpose of this passage is to ______.A．argue for a ban on the capture of whales and dolphinsB．describe the evolution of whalesC．report a possible explanation for the lack of teeth marks on whales’ victims D．reveal the flaws in the “big bang” theory of cetacean predation正确答案：C解析：文章第一段第一句”One of the greatest mysteries in the study of Cetacea(aquatic mammals)has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks”描述了一个难以解释的现象，即在有牙齿的鲸鱼腹内发现的生物身上并没有齿痕；接下来第二句“Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the” big bang “theory of cetacean predation”，针对前面的现象提出了一种理论”big bang” theory来予以解释，后面几段一直在围绕这种理论展开介绍和评论，因此选C。
考博英语-试卷264_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语-试卷264(总分114, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.Japan is a______society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups, such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.SSS_SINGLE_SELA spontaneousB simultaneousC homogenousD instantaneous分值: 2答案:C解析：C选项homogenous意为“同源的，纯系的”。
根据句意“日本是一个单民族社会，由一个民族和代表性不足的像中国人和韩国人这样的少数群体组成”，故选C。
其他三项中，A选项spontaneous“自发的”；B选项simultaneous“同时存在的”；D选项instantaneous“瞬间的”，都不符合句意。
2.Those persons whose religious______ heavily relied on rituals, such as infant baptism, were more likely to support the Democrats.SSS_SINGLE_SELA confessionB condemnationC establishmentD acknowledgement分值: 2答案:A解析：A选项confession意为“忏悔，承认”。
根据句意“那些极为依赖婴儿洗礼等**忏悔仪式的人更可能支持民主党”，故选A。
其他三项中，B选项condemnation“谴责，定罪”；C选项establishment“建立”；D选项acknowledgement“承认，确认”，都不符合句意。
3.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a______in female breadwinners.SSS_SINGLE_SELA raiseB riseC ariseD increase分值: 2答案:D解析：四个选项的意思分别是：raise提高，升；rise上升，增加，不可数名词；arise升起，上升，为动词；increase增加额，增加。
考博英语-228_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语-228(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare' s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso' s painting Guernicaprimarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; **poser Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of Florentine Cnmerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart' s The Marriage of Figaro issurely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending means. It bas been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of **positions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits— the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as taydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the______.A basis for reaffirming a well-established scientificformulationB byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD result of highly creative scientific activity该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.The author implies that Beethoven' s music was strikingly original because Beethoven______.A strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the **poser toexploit limitsB fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategyC manipulated the established conventions of **position in a highly innovative fashionD attempted to create the illusion of having transcended the musical form of his predecessors该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artisticactivity transcends limits with______.A deep skepticismB strong indignationC marked indifferenceD moderate amusement该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL4.The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that______.A is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB is accepted immediately by the **munityC presents the discovery of a new scientific factD introduces a new valid generalization该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DThings were never easy within the family. But at a time when the family was oriented toward the production of goods, which alone made the survival of its members possible, there was an obvious necessity and a rational basis for their living and working together. Dire necessity did not permit putting into question the very existence of the family, despite the great emotional demands living together made on each of its members.Today the main economic activities of the family are in the nature of consumption—however productive may be what some of its members do in society. And from an early age on, each member of the family could survive without its support—since society at large is ready to provide support. It is quite easy to put the existence of the family into question. This happens very frequently, not just as families separate, or fail to be formed, but also within families which to all outer appearance are still intact. But once the family needs seriously to justify its existence, it is no longer intact as a family in the old sense.The modern family, deprived of its ancient and firm basis in economic necessity, now tries to justify its existence through the emotional ties within it. These always were present, but they were a superstructure good or bad, over the solid foundation of necessity. With the foundation of necessity removed, the emotions either tend to run rampant or to wither away.The more a family tries to justify itself by means af the feelings existing within it, the stronger these are aroused, and the more easily and severely do they get hurt. There is more reason to wish to exculpate oneself, to wish that the blame for what goes wrong should rest with someone else. The young generation easily blames their parents for all the difficulties they encounter within themselves, society, and the family. Parents prefer to see all thatis wrong ascribed either to the indifferent or otherwise nasty behavior of the new generation, to the destructive impact of the peer group, or of society at large. Which is preferred as the target to be blamed depends on the structure of the personality of the individual, the mood of the day, or the most recent headlines.In Civilization and Its Discontent Freud showed why civilization must exact a high price in psychological discomfort for the very great and real advantages it provides us: creating and maintaining a civilized life requires considerable and difficult repression and sublimation of many aspects of our selfish drives, although we would prefer them to find immediate gratification. How understandable, then, that as civilization imposes a considerable price in personal psychological frustration, the same is true for the family, out of which civilization grew. If this is so, why have we such a hard time accepting the frustrations and disappointments which are the unavoidable price we have to pay for living in families?. Why do we wish to blame the hardships of family living on something or somebody, even on ourselves, although blaming these difficulties on each other increases them beyond endurance?SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.In the early time, the whole family was closely tied by ______.A strong emotional demandB necessity of survivalC blood relationshipD habits in existence该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.According to the passage, the modern family gives the first priority to the emotional ties because______.A food, clothing and shelter is no longer a matter of great concernB modern men are civilized by receiving a lot of educationC parents and children are lacking in communicationD modern men are more interested in the research on superstructure该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL7.Based on Freud's view,______.A it's quite normal to have frustration accompany with the civilizationB civilization can bring along immediate satisfaction free of chargeC development of civilization costs the human race a large amount of moneyD it' s advisable to blame hardships of family living on each other该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL8.The passage is mainly about ______.A economic foundation and superstructureB today's generation gapC the family problems now and thenD psychological discomfort in a civilized society该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CIt is curious to note how slowly the mechanism of the intellectual life improves. Contrast the ordinary library facilities of a middle-class English home, such as the present writer is now working in, with the inconveniences and deficiencies of the equipment of an Alexandrian writer, and one realizes the enormous waste of time, physical exertion, and attention that went on through all the centuries during which that library flourished. Before the present writer lie half a dozen books, and there are good indices to three of them. He can pick up any one of these six books, refer quickly to a statement, verify a quotation, and go on writing. Contrast with the tedious un- folding of a rolled manuscript. Close at hand are two encyclopedias, a dictionary, an atlas of the world, a biographical dictionary, and other books of reference. They have no marginal indices, it is true, but that, perhaps, is asking too much at present. There were no such resources in the world in 300 B.C. Alexandria had still to produce the first grammar and the first dictionary. This present book is being written in manuscript; it is then taken by a typist and typewritten very accurately. It can then, with the utmost convenience, be read over, corrected amply, rearranged freely, retyped, and recorrected. The Alexandrian author had to dictate or recopy every word he wrote. Before he could turnback to what he had written previously, he had to dry his last words by waving them in the air or pouring sand over them; he had not even blotting-paper. Whatever an author wrote had to be recopied again and again before it could reach any considerable circle of readers, and every copyist introduced some new error. New books were dictated to a roomful of copyists, and so issued in a first edition of some hundreds at least. In Rome, Horace and Virgil seem to have been issued in quite considerable editions. Whenever a need for maps or diagrams arose, there were fresh difficulties. Such a science as anatomy, for example, depending as it does upon accurate drawing, must have been enormously hampered by the natural limitations of the copyist. The transmission of geographical fact again must have been almost incredibly tedious. No doubt a day **e when a private library and writing desk of the year A.D. 1925 will seem quaintly clumsy and difficult; but, measured by the standards of Alexandria, they are astonishingly quick, efficient, and economical of nervous and mental energy.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.In Alexandrian Times, writers ______.A didn't have enough sources at their elbowsB had private libraries with many booksC had their manuscripts typed accuratelyD didn't have much interest in writing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL10.The first sentence of the passage______.A is written as a conclusion of the passageB seems to contradict the main idea of the passageC has no relation to the rest of the passageD appears to have some connection with the passage该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL11.In developing his idea, the author used ______ in writing.A comparisonB contrastC simileD metaphor该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.This passage chiefly describes ______.A the inconveniences and deficiencies of an Alexandrian writerB the development of writing and publishing since Alexandrian TimesC the conveniences and sufficiency’s of modern writersD the similarities and differences between Ancient and Modern Times该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BMan has long wished to predict earthquakes. Recent findingsindicate that reliable earthquake prediction is almost a reality. Before earthquakes occur, there frequently are changes in rock behavior that affect the velocities of other earthquake waves passing through the rocks. The former Soviet seismologists have used earthquake waves from other unrelated earthquakes to meas- ure the alterations in wave speed through rocks around a fault zone. For months to years before a particular earthquake, the former Soviet scientists observed that the strained rock in the fault zone was deformed in a way that slowed other earthquake wave that passed through the zone. Similar behavior has preceded earthquakes in California and New York.Changes in electrical resistance, water pressure l rock motion, and leakage of gas also can accompany the lowering of wave velocity. Fractures in the fault zone apparently open, which leads to a lowering of water pressure. When the fractures are filled by underground water, the continuing stress on the rocks is also exerted on the water in pores, which contributes to pressure within the rocks and ultimately causes further fault movement and earthquakes.These preliminary events have been observed and studied for many earthquakes. The larger the earthquake, apparently the longer the time during which the preliminary events take place. Careful observation and measurement of the early events will precede reliable forecasts. The preliminary events are most evident along normal and reverse fault systems, and strike-slip faults may not produce the same effect. Although earthquake forecasting is in its infancy, both American and the former Soviet scientists have been able to predict the occurrence of a few earthquakes.Understanding of the causes of earthquakes has opened severalpossibilities for their control. Underground nuclear explosions in Nevada have released strain energy stored in certain rocks. In some instances, the shock wave from the explosion has raised the strain on nearby fractures and faults enough to initiate fault movement. All of the resulting earthquakes have been small, but a large earthquake could conceivably be initiated.In the future, a situation may arise where it is desirable to deliberately initiate an earthquake near a heavily populated area because too large an amount of strain has accumulated on an active fault zone in the vicinity. If hazardous areas were left empty and if emergency services were standing at the ready, such action might be considered necessary to prevent a later much more damaging earthquake. However, the legal, environmental, and human problems would be large in- deed, perhaps too great for such action to be taken.Another possibility for earthquake control is much more exciting. Increasing water pressures can initiate faulting, as was unintentionally demonstrated by a deep well at the U. S. Army' s Rock Mountain Arsenal near Denver, Colorado, in the early 1960s. Disposal of nerve gas wastes in the well triggered movement along deeply buried inactive faults in the region. The liquid waste reduced frictional resistance along fault flat surface in the rocks surrounding the well, leading to movement along the faults. Earthquake activity in the area connected closely with the times of pumping of wastes into the disposal well, as was demonstrated convincingly by a Denver geologist, David Evans. Strain energy stored along the fault flat surface was apparently released by the fluid injection.Experiments by the U. S. Geological Survey in the Rangely oil field of northwestern Colorado have added to the experience gained from the study of the Denver earthquakes. The Survey geologists injected water in some of the Rangely wells, causing very small earthquakes. By withdrawing the water, the earthquakes were stopped.Although it is premature, many geologists believe we could eventually restrain earthquakes by injecting fluid into fault zones to permit slippage to take place gradually or in a series of small earthquakes. However, means must be found to control the areas affected and to be certain a major destructive quake is notinitiated.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.It is concluded that______.A a certain major destructive quake can be avoided by predictionB American scientists have achieved more in earthquake predictionC careful observations of preliminary events can lead toreliable predictionD scientists can predict **ing quake exactly该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.The author believed that people can control earthquake by ______.A injecting fluid into fault zonesB initiating further fault movementC deforming the strained rockD exerting more pressure on rock该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL15.Initiating an earthquake on purpose would probably be interrupted by ______.A environmental and human problemsB underground nuclear explosionC leakage of gasD strike-slip faults该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL16.Which of the following titles best suits the passage?A The Causes of EarthquakesB The Importance of Preliminary EventsC Earthquake Experiments in the U. S.D Earthquake Forecasting and Control该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:DNaturally, in a group of animals as diverse as the snakes, and with so many varied enemies, there are numerous defensive reactions and devices. There is, however, one general pattern of hehaviour, in the presence of a suspected enemy the first reaction is to try to escape observation; if this fails, the next resort is flight to someinaccessible retreat, but if this is not possible, or is circumvented, various kinds of intimidatory gestures and warning devices arc brought into play ;in the last resort the snake attacks. This pattern varies with the circumstances; some stages may be omitted or combined unpredictably whilst some notoriously irascible species may dispense with all the preliminaries and attack almost at once, though seldom or never without some provocation. The difficulty is to know what constitutes provocation, a matter that is apt to be debatable in other fields!Amongst the factors that increase aggressiveness are hunger, the mating season and surprise, with the last mentioned **monest ; when hunting for food or for mates, activity and the aggressive instinct are both at their peak, but it is when it is caught unawares that the normal chain of re- actions tends to become telescoped. Owing totheir poor sense of hearing, snakes are very liable to be, quite literally, caught napping and a similar situation arises during their periods of temporary blindness just before sloughing begins. By far the greatest number of snake-bite accidents result from the unwitting disturbance of resting snakes, and this hazard is much increased with species that are well camouflaged and whose natural instinct is to trust to this concealment as their principal defence. As well as differences in aggressiveness between individuals of the same species according to the circumstances and conditions, there are also notable differences between species ,even closely allied species; and the reports of those who have been attacked may understandably be lacking in objectivity. So it is impossible to forecast, even in outline, how any encounter will develop.The Hamadryad, for example,is usually credited with being amongst the most aggressive of snakes ,and there are many accounts of unprovoked attacks ;yet on one occasion fourteen men and seven dogs passed and returned within two yards of a nest and no snake was seen although the fe- male, which guards the nest, could not have been far. away.One very well-known student of snakes once parked his car under some trees near Nairobi and on his return found a small green snake on it. Being preoccupied at the moment he gave it only a cursory glance and, thinking it was a common harmless tree-snake, bundled it unceremoniously into his pocket ;it was, as he later discovered to his horror, a young Green Mamba, but it made no attempt to bite despite the rough treatment it had received.The proportion of the snakes of the world that have some forms of procrypsis( i. e. resemblance to the background)is very high, but the frequency with which the resemblance results in accidents suggests that it is incorrect to regard it as primarily a"protective" device. There is every advantage to a predatory animal in being unobserved until its **es within striking distance, but it is distinctly hazardous to allow an enemy to approach closely with the hope ,but no certainty, of remaining undetected. **monest type of proerypsis is the result of colours that harmonize with hose of the normal background, associated with patterns that disrupt the animal' s outline or produce "counter shading" whereby those parts of the body that will be seen in shadow and appear dark, are lighter in colour whilst highlight areas are dark-coloured.SSS_SINGLE_SEL17.The snake's general pattern of behaviour in defence suggeststhat______.A when in doubt, it will attackB it will usually do its best to avoid troubleC attack is its chief form of defenceD it is completely unpredictable该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.The snake's pattern of defence varies depending on ______.A the circumstancesB the form of provocationC the type of snake and the situationD what type of snake is involved该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.If **pletely by surprise, a snake will usually______.A compress the usual chain of reactions into a short period of timeB attack at onceC try to escape observationD try to warn off the suspected enemy该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL20.The two incidents the author describes are intended to show______.A that snakes are not as aggressive as many people thinkB how foolishly some people behaveC the impossibility of forecasting how encounters may developD that snakes are not dangerous when attacked该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:CPart Ⅱ VocabularyDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part, for each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that will **plete the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets21.When American astronaut Glen returned to the earth and a hearty welcome ______ him, he was considered to be a national hero.SSS_SINGLE_SELA waited forB anticipatedC expectedD awaited该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1.5答案:Dwait for等待；anticipate预感，期待；expect期待，预期；await意思是to be ready for，做好……的准备，备妥以待。
太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral declineof a nation.Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.You havesold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten ourchildren as well?At Time Warner,however,such questions are simplythe latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved thecompany ever since the company was born in1990.It’s a Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi self-examination that has,at various times,involved issues of responsibility,creative freedomand the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin,56,who tookover for the late Steve Ross in1992.On the financial front,Levinis under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’smountainous debt,which will increase to$17.3billion after two newcable deals close.He has promised to sell off some of the propertyand restructure the company,but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.Levinhas consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds ofexpression.In1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasingIce-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer,Levin described rap as lawfulexpression of street culture,which deserves an outlet.The test ofany democratic society,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,liesnot in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.Levin would not comment on the debate last week,but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand,at least to some extent.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’meeting.Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society’s ills and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx, New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility,and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many,many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,says Luce.I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.63.Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for________.（A）its raising of the corporate stock price（B）its self-examination of soul（C）its neglect of social responsibility（D）its emphasis on creative freedom64.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?（A）Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.（B）Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.（C）Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.（D）Steve Ross is no longer alive.65.In face of the recent attacks on the company,the chairman ________.（A）stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression （B）softened his tone and adopted some new policy（C）changed his attitude and yielded to objection（D）received more support from the15-member board66.The best title for this passage could be________.（A）A Company under Fire（B）A Debate on Moral Decline（C）A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture（D）A Form of Creative Freedom答案及试题解析63.（C）意为：它对社会责任的忽视。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷4
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to（）your hero’s image?问题1选项A.catch up withB.add up toe up withD.live up to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。
A选项catch up with“赶上；逮捕；处罚”；B选项add up to“总计达”；C选项come up with“提出；想出；设法拿出（所需钱款）”；D选项live up to“符合；做到”。
句意：你的孩子是否担心他们会对（）你心目中英雄的形象感到压力?根据语境，live up to“符合；做到”搭配hero’s image“英雄形象”比较合理。
因此D选项正确。
2.单选题As far as marriage is concerned, it is mutual care and love that（）.问题1选项A.mountsB.discountsC.countsD.calculates【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项mount“增加，上升”，如mounting difficulty（困难越来越多）；B选项discount“打折”；C选项count“有价值或重要的”，如what counts is experience. （重要的是经验）；D选项calculate“计算”。
句意：就婚姻而言，（）是相互关心和爱。
A、B、D都不符合题意，因此C选项正确。
3.单选题For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human development long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn’t really work, we’d tried it and it doesn’t work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man. The principal discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty―Newtonian mechanics, for example―have slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergoJust thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are b eyond today’s imagination.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.1.What CANNOT be inferred from the first paragraph?2.The principle discovery in this century shows（）.3.Now scientists have found in the past few years（）.4.The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to say that（）.5.The writer’s attitude towards science is（）.问题1选项A.Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.B.For three hundred years there have been people holding a hostile attitude toward science.C.Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.D.Some people think three hundred years is not long enough to set back for critical appraisal of scientific method.问题2选项A.man has overthrown Newton’s laws of physicsB.man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzlesC.man has lost many scientific discoveriesD.man has given up some of the once accepted theories问题3选项B.the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machineC.man knows nothing about DNAD.man has much to learn about DNA问题4选项A.science is just at its beginningB.sci ence has greatly improved man’s lifeC.science has made profound progressD.science has done too little to human beings问题5选项A.criticalB.approvingC.neutralD.regretful【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-山西大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Gratitude is defined as the art of showing（）for every kindness, great and small.问题1选项A.motivationB.appreciationC.affectionD.opposition【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项motivation的意思是“动机”；B选项appreciation的意思是“感激，欣赏”；C选项affection的意思是“喜爱，爱慕”；D选项opposition的意思是“反对，敌对”。
题干的意思是“感恩就是一种对大大小小的善意表达（）的艺术。
”根据首单词Gratitude （感谢；感激）我们可知空格处应填与该单词联系度最高的单词，因此B选项正确。
2.单选题Once, at a party, I was introduced to a friend of a friend. We shook hands, I told her my name, she told me hers. Then she did something that I was ever so grateful for. “Hang on,” she said. “Can you say your name again? I wasn’t really listening.” She saved me from having to later—possibly even at the same party—sheepishly admit that I, too, had already forgotten her name.An informal poll of fellow Atlantic staffers confirmed my suspicion that this is something that happens to even the most kind and conscientious among us. No sooner does someone utter the most fundamental factoid about themselves than the information flees our brains forever. There are a few reasons why this occurs:You’re not really that interested: Maybe you’re just making an appearance at this party and are planning to abscond shortly to a superior kick-back. Your level of interest can impact how well you remember something. “Some people, perhaps those who are more socially aware, are just more interested in people, more interested in relationships,” Richard Harris, professor of psycholog y at Kansas State University, told Science Daily. “They would be more motivated to remember somebody’s name.”There are two types of storage in the brain: Long-term and short-term. The short-term variety is called “working memory,” and it functions like a very leaky thermos. It doesn’t hold much and it spills stuff out all the time. “You can hold just a little bit of information there and if you don’t concentrate on it, it fades away rapidly,” Paul Reber, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, told me in an email. “Information like a name needs to be transferred to a different brain system that creates long-term memories that persist over time.”There’s not much in a name, frankly. It doesn’t actually tell you anything about the person you’re meeting, and thus it doesn’t give your brain anything to cling to. “Human memory is very good at things like faces and factual information that connects well to other information you already know,” Reber said. The name ends up neither connecting to what you already know nor standing out as unusual,” Reber said. “So you get this funny phenomenon where you can remember lots about a person you recently met—everything except their name (this happens to me all the time).”1.The author points out in the first two paragraphs that（）.2.According to Richard Harris, how well we remember a name is related to（）.3.What is the problem mentioned in Paragraph 5?4.It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that names are（）.5.What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.we want to know how to remember other people’s nameB.we often feel sorry for forgetting other people’s nameC.it is important to remember other people’s nameD.it is just common to forget other people’s name问题2选项A.whether it is necessary to do itB.whether the name is easy to rememberC.how good our memory isD.how interested we are in that person问题3选项A.Limit of working memory.B.Confusing information.C.Malfunction of the brain.D.Too much information.问题4选项A.symbolicB.pointlessC.uniquermative问题5选项A.What’s in a name?B.What’s your name, again?C.Don’t forget my nameD.That’s my name【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。
2023考博英语模拟151(考卷附答案)
2012考博英语模拟151(考卷附答案)一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The fashion industry is highly profitable.B. Fast fashion causes environmental problems.C. Sustainable fashion is gaining popularity.D. The oil industry is the largest polluter in the world.2. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fast fashion?A. High demand for stylish and affordable clothing.B. Environmental pollution.C. Ethical concerns.D. Increased job opportunities in the fashion industry.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?B. The Internet has led to a loss of privacy.C. People are more aware of privacy issues.D. Personal data is valuable on the Internet.7. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the Internet?B. Access to information.C. Improved privacy protection.D. Global connectivity.Section BDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11. What is the author's attitude towards ?A. Optimistic.B. Pessimistic.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.12. Which of the following is a potential benefit of ?A. Increased unemployment.B. Improved efficiency.C. Reduced creativity.D. Higher crime rates.二、完型填空（每题1分，共15分）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.Passage 4The impact of social media on society has been a topic of (16) ______ for many years. While some people argue thatsocial media has (17) ______ our lives, others believe it has (18) ______ negative consequences. One of the main concernsis the (19) ______ of mental health among users. Spending too much time on social media can lead to feelings of (20) ______ and loneliness.三、翻译（每题5分，共30分）Section ADirections: Translate the following sentences into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.26. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越便利。
2023考博英语模拟67(考卷附答案)
2023考博英语模拟67(考卷附答案)一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed ten questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Proponents of argue that while it may displace certain jobs, it will also create new opportunities. They believethat will enable humans to focus on more creative and strategic tasks, there enhancing productivity and innovation. Moreover, the development of can lead to the creation of new industries and job roles that we cannot even imagine today.1. What is the main concern about the rapid development of ?A) It will improve efficiency and reduce costs.B) It will lead to widespread job losses.C) It will create new industries and job roles.D) It will displace certain jobs but create new opportunities.2. Which of the following industries is most likely to be affected ?A) EducationB) ManufacturingC) HealthcareD) Entertainment3. What is the primary argument in favor of ?A) It will enable humans to focus on more creative tasks.B) It will replace all human jobs.C) It will lead to a decrease in productivity.4. According to the passage, what should policymakers do to address the impact of on employment?B) Ban the development of .C) Ignore the potential negative impact of .D) Invest in education and training programs for all workers.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a measure to address the impact of on employment?A) Investing in education and training programsD) Banning the development ofPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. The Earth's average temperature has been rising steadily over the past century, primarily due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. This phenomenon has farreaching consequences for our planet, including more frequent and severe weather events, rising sea levels, and the loss of biodiversity.To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is crucial to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One effective way to achieve this is through the adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These sources produce little to no carbon emissions and can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.However, the transition to renewable energy is not without challenges. One major obstacle is the high initial cost of implementing renewable energy infrastructure. Additionally, the intermittent nature of some renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, makes them less reliable than traditional energy sources.Governments around the world have implemented various policies to promote the use of renewable energy. These include providing subsidies for renewable energy projects, setting renewable energy targets, and imposing carbon taxes on industries that emit large amounts of greenhouse gases.6. What is the primary cause of climate change?A) The increase in greenhouse gas emissionsB) The adoption of renewable energy sourcesC) The loss of biodiversityD) The rising sea levels7. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?A) More frequent and severe weather eventsB) The transition to renewable energyC) The high initial cost of implementing renewable energy infrastructureD) The imposition of carbon taxes8. What is one effective way to mitigate the effects of climate change?A) Increasing greenhouse gas emissionsB) Adopting renewable energy sourcesC)一、阅读理解答案Section A1. B2. B3. A4. A5. D6. A7. A8. B1. 理论基础部分（2）气候变化的原因、后果及应对措施（3）可再生能源的优势与挑战2. 各题型知识点详解及示例（1）阅读理解考察学生对长篇文章的整体理解、细节把握和推理判断能力。
考博英语试题及答案
考博英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。
In recent years, the number of people who commute to work by bicycle has increased significantly. This trend can be attributed to several factors, including concerns about environmental pollution, the rising cost of fuel, and the desire for a healthier lifestyle. As a result, many cities have invested in bicycle lanes and other infrastructure to support this mode of transportation.1. What is the main reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Environmental concernsB. High fuel costsC. Health benefitsD. All of the above2. What has been the response of cities to this trend?A. They have ignored it.B. They have invested in bicycle infrastructure.C. They have discouraged it.D. They have not taken any action.3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in bicycle commuting?A. Traffic congestionB. Environmental pollutionC. Rising cost of fuelD. Desire for a healthier lifestyle4. What does the passage suggest about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will continue to increase.B. It will decrease.C. It will remain stable.D. It is uncertain.5. What type of infrastructure have cities invested in to support bicycle commuting?A. Public transportationB. Bicycle lanesC. Parking lotsD. Highways二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct word or phrase to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.6. The company has decided to ________ its operations to new markets.A. expandB. contractC. maintainD. abandon7. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was still held as________.A. plannedB. planningC. to planD. was planning8. The new policy will come into ________ on January 1st.A. effectB. affectC. impactD. influence9. The professor's lecture was so ________ that I couldn't follow it.A. complicatedB. complexC. complicatedlyD. complexly10. She ________ the book to the library yesterday.A. returnedB. borrowedC. lentD. kept三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the UnitedStates unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significantrisks.Civil rights activists have long argued that one of theprincipal reasons why Blacks,Hispanics,and other minority groupshave difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lackaccess to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated bylarge companies.Now Congress,in apparent agreement,has requiredby law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than$500,000do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their effortsto do so on forms filed with the government.Indeed,some federal andlocal agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goalsfor apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial.Accordingto figures collected in1977,the total of corporate contracts withminority businesses rose from$77million in1972to$1.1billion in1977.The projected total of corporate contracts with minoritybusinesses for the early1980’s is estimated to be over53billionper year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses,this increasedpatronage poses dangers for them,too.First,minority firms riskexpanding too fast and overextending themselves financially,sincemost are small concerns and,unlike large businesses,they often need to make substantial investments in new plants,staff,equipment,and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them.If, thereafter,their subcontracts are for some reason reduced,such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses.The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids.Both consume valuable time and resources,and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders,or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns.Of course,in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures;clearly,White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone.But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as“fronts”with White backing,rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third,a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming-and remaining-dependent.Even in the best of circumstances,fierce competition from larger,more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases:whensuch firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor,they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1.The primary purpose of the text is to[A]present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B]describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C]propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D]analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2.The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A]experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B]face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C]have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D]increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.It can be inferred from the text that,compared with the requirements of law,the percentage goals set by“some federal and local agencies”(line9,paragraph1)are[A]more popular with large corporations.[B]more concrete.[C]less controversial.[D]less expensive to enforce.4.Which of the following,if true,would most weaken the author’s assertion that,in the1970’s,corporate response tofederal requirements(line1,paragraph2)was substantial?[A]Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2billion in1979.[B]Between1970and1972,corporate contracts withminority-owned businesses declined by25percent.[C]The figures collected in1977underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D]The$1.1billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in1977as did$77million in1972.5.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A]Annoyed by the proliferation of“front”organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B]Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the1970’s,their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C]The significant response of corporations in the1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D]Although corporations are eager to cooperate withminority-owned businesses,a shortage of capital in the1970’s madesubstantial response impossible.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。
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太原理工大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral declineof a nation.Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week.You havesold your souls,but must you corrupt our nation and threaten ourchildren as well?At Time Warner,however,such questions are simplythe latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved thecompany ever since the company was born in1990.It’s a Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi self-examination that has,at various times,involved issues of responsibility,creative freedomand the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin,56,who tookover for the late Steve Ross in1992.On the financial front,Levinis under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’smountainous debt,which will increase to$17.3billion after two newcable deals close.He has promised to sell off some of the propertyand restructure the company,but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.Levinhas consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds ofexpression.In1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasingIce-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer,Levin described rap as lawfulexpression of street culture,which deserves an outlet.The test ofany democratic society,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,liesnot in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.Levin would not comment on the debate last week,but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand,at least to some extent.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’meeting.Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society’s ills and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx, New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility,and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy.But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many,many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,says Luce.I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.63.Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for________.（A）its raising of the corporate stock price（B）its self-examination of soul（C）its neglect of social responsibility（D）its emphasis on creative freedom64.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?（A）Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.（B）Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.（C）Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.（D）Steve Ross is no longer alive.65.In face of the recent attacks on the company,the chairman ________.（A）stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression （B）softened his tone and adopted some new policy（C）changed his attitude and yielded to objection（D）received more support from the15-member board66.The best title for this passage could be________.（A）A Company under Fire（B）A Debate on Moral Decline（C）A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture（D）A Form of Creative Freedom答案及试题解析63.（C）意为：它对社会责任的忽视。
第一段指出，没有哪个公司喜欢别人说它导致了全国道德败坏，多尔参议员所指责时代华纳公司的正是这一点。
他说：难道这就是你们的经营目标吗，你们出卖了自己的灵魂，难道你们也想毁了国家、危及我们的孩子吗？另从第三、四段来看，这里多尔所指责的正是该公司用它的音乐作品带来的社会影响，多尔认为这些音乐作品对社会和青少年有不良影响。
A意为：它将公司股价提高。
从多尔所说的话来看，他关心的不是该公司的经济状况。
B意为：它对灵魂的自我检验。
第一段第三句指出，对时代沃纳公司来说，多尔所质疑的问题只不过是公司自创立以来一直进行的自我反省的最新表述，在公司发展的不同阶段，这一自我反省涉及（社会）责任、创作自由、公司利润（bottom line）。
换言之，在公司的发展过程中，社会责任、创作自由、公司能否赚钱这三者之间的矛盾一直困扰着公司。
根据公司董事长列文的话（见第三段），公司把创作自由放在了发展的首位。
这造成了它对作品的社会影响的忽视，所以，后来列文改变态度以后，承认应该在创作自由和社会责任上寻找一个平衡点（见第四段）。
可见，多尔参议员所指责的正是公司的所作所为带来的不良社会影响，这样他就击中了要害。
D意为：它对创作自由的强调。
见上文分析。
64.（D）回答这一问题主要涉及对第二段第一句中late的理解。
除其他意思外，该词有前，已故的等意思。
一般来讲，该词加在人名或称呼前时译作已故的、如：the late Mr.Green已故格林先生，her late husband她的前夫（已故），若加在头衔前，则要据情况而译，如：the late president前总统（也可能已故，也可能仅指刚刚卸职）。