高考英语知识串讲(第2讲)

第2讲

一、Language points

1. sb./sth.+adj/n

sb./sth.+to do

consider(以为，认为)＋sb./sth.+as

that-clause

n.

consider(考虑)＋doing

疑问词+to do sth

“把…当作…”的译法：conside r…as

=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/hav e…as

2. to do

A way+ of doing

(that/in which)+定语从句

A method of doing sth

by this means

You can solve the problem+ with this method

in this way

by means of:通过…方式，以…手段

by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式

by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请

by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）

3. protect…(from) doing sth

prevent/stop…(from) doing sth

…from doing

…doing

under the potection of…

4. as well

as well as

might/may as well=had better

5. to do

specially+ for-phrase

especially

6. along the river:沿着河流

over the river:在河的正上方

through the forest:穿过森林

by the river:在河边

on the bank:在河岸上

7. follow the instructions

follow one’s advice

as follows

8. be responsible to sb for sth

9. n.

doing/to do sth

sb to do sth

prefer+ sth to sth

doing A to doing B

to do A rather than do sth

that sb (should) do sth

10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another

一个接一个（强调动作的重复）

n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化）

tree after tree/day by day

11. say “hi” to sb.

Please remember me to sb.

向“某人”问好Send my regards to sb.

Send the best wishes to sb.

12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及

物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。

=It’s difficult to answer the question.

The man is hard to work with.=It’s hard to work with the man.

当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。

Eg. He wants water to drink.

She has a room to live in.

I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?

二、语法专题──冠词的考点

1. 考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。

2. 考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。

3. 考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指，an Edison。

4. 考查零冠词的用法。

三、题型归纳──结构型单项填空

结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断。

1.有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误

解。

2.标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。

3.插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。

4.倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）

so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词＋主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were, had, 和should 应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as, though引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not onl y…but also…连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no sooner…tham…, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。 10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；

11）在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。

5.强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。

6.独立主格结构。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7)

with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.

1. He said he would do what he could____ us.

A. help

B. to help

C. helping

D. helped

2. He spent all the money he had____ that dictionary.

A. buy

B. to buy

C. buying

D. bought

3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of____ from the country.

A. that

B. which

C. whom

D. them

4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, ____ defeated his rival.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. who

5. The way you think of_____ our living conditions sounds reasonable.

A. improve

B. to improve

C. improving

D. improvement

6. I feel strongly that whatever you____ matter to me.

A. don’t

B. do doesn’t

C. don’t do

D. doesn’t do

7. Is this school____ you studied in two years ago?

A. that

B. when

C. it

D. the one

8. Please tell me the way thought of____ the garden.

A. take care of

B. to take care of

C. taking care of

D. how to take care of

9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had____ went wrong again.

A. it repaired

B. to be repaired

C. repaired

D. repairing

10. We will do everything we can____ our city.

A. to save

B. save

C. saving

D. saved