2009年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试历年真题系列-高翻学院英汉(精)
育明教育北外各专业辅导课程+历年真题、笔记等全套资料+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500~6000元北京外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试历年真题系列- 高翻学院英汉互译(同传2010年考研试题育明教育·2014年考研复习宏观规划·仅供参考复习时间内容进度准备阶段2013年1月或更早-2013年3月搜集考研信息,确定考研目标,听考研形势的讲座。
考研应如何选择专业,全面了解所报专业的信息,准备复习。
预热阶段 2012年4月-6月育明教育课程:2013年考研专业课视频授课内容:1.明确考试重点,建立学科框架2.考试参考书框架性记忆第一轮复习:可以报一个基础班,包括育明教育专业课辅导班,不要急于做模拟试题,不要急于盲目复习,要着重于基础的复习和方法的掌握。
具体来说: 英语单词要过三遍左右,以单词为主。
专业课书起码把最重要的几本书看一遍。
在育明教育咨询师和辅导老师的帮助下,建立学科框架,了解考试重点。
2013年7月-8月育明教育课程:专业课基础班授课内容:1.明确专业课具体的最新变化考点,落实原考点2.掌握背诵方法,开始记忆全面关注考研公共课的考试大纲,购买最新的辅导用书,准备暑期复习。
同时,重视英语单词的记忆和真题的分析。
英语复习要运用“真题复习法”。
具体来说: 开始复习政治,通过育明教育政治辅导班或者一对一,对考研政治有一个大体的了解。
做考研英语真题,从2001年开始。
逐步掌握做题方法,了解出题规律。
专业课,掌握参考书的重要章节的框架。
发力阶段2013年8月-10月育明教育课程:强化班授课内容:夯实必考点,进一步筛选重要的考点制定一个全面复习计划,开始第二轮复习。
开始重点复习政治,重点进行英语真题的分析和政治基础的强化。
此外,掌握专业课复习重点和复习方法。
专业课复习得进度一般为每天50页以上。
采用“车轮复习法”。
具体来说: 1.专业课明确辅导老师总结的要点并记忆。
2.政治,背诵重要原理,理解知识点。
2015年北外高翻学院同传英汉互译考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验
高翻学院英汉同传考研解析2015年北京外国语大学英汉同传考研真题解析科目名称：815英汉互译（笔译）(考试时间3小时,•满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)I.Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.(50points)If you’ve been attentive to the growing series of posts here under the banner of the American Futures project,you know that Deb and Jim Fallows have been examining small,resilient American cities that are home to intriguing innovations and entrepreneurship.A few days ago,as part of the projects recent focus on Burlington,Vermont,I took a look at two of the three great colleges there.Now let’s look in on the third,Champlain College.You’ll see why this one fits the project’s ongoing“American ingenuity”theme.If you could design your ideal college from scratch,what would it look like?Mine would look something like the following.Students would acquire training that makes them immediately employable.TheyM take courses in the liberal arts that would sharpen their skills in writing,analysis,and reasoning.And theyM graduate with some real-life knowledge,such as how to interview for a job. ThereM be no tenure for faculty,but instructors would be made to feel they^e valued members of the enterprise.And administrators would constantly ask themselves;thow can we prepare students for what the world needs of them?MWhile you^re busy designing your version of the ideal,I can take a nap or go fishing,because somebody has already built mine:Champlain College.It is doing everything Tve described and,in the process,is gaining the attention of the higher-ed world.The words Fve heard used to describe Champlain include innovative,nimble,adaptable.A professor from nearby St.MichaeFs College told me,with unabashed admiration,“Champlain is always asking itself‘What works’？”Founded in1878and long known as the Burlington Business College,Champlain assumed its current name in1958,when it had only60students in various associated degree programs.Starting bachelor’s degree programs in1991，the college now enrolls2000undergraduates-an enrollment cap it committed to several years ago in an agreement with the student-rich city of Burlington.When it launched its bachelor's programs,this college long known for training secretaries and accountants,began to reinvent itself,earning respect for its enterprising spirit.The dominant ethos of Champlain—that“what works?”mentality—intensified when David Finney arrived from NYU in2005to become president. Finney quicklyinstituted what he calls a“three-dimensional education”program,an undergraduate curriculum consisting of interdisciplinary liberal-arts courses,a life-skills program,and training for a career.Believing that“American higher education has really lost its way with general-education courses,Finney told me that when he arrived in his new job,he decided to spend all of his“honeymoon capital”as new president to replace the “hodge-podge of courses”that formed the liberal-arts core.He assembled a faculty task force to design a revised core aiming to build habits of mind students will need“not just as they’re leaving here,”Finney says,“but over their lifetime.“A painstaking process of reinvention led to new core courses designed to help students develop global awareness and strengthen their analytical and reasoning abilities,critical reading skills,and writing proficiency.These courses have no tests.The work is heavily oriented toward writing.Classes consist mainly of discussion and project teamwork rather than lectures.Students and faculty are active learners together.A second component of Champlain's undergraduate education comes through its required“Life Experience and Action Dimension”program，which has two parts:(1)some real-world education,emphasizing financial literacy and sophistication(developing a budget,making sense of credit cards,understanding how employee benefits work and why they’re important，etc.)and job skills (marketing oneself，negotiating business contracts,and developing skills in interviewing,networking,etc.);and(2)a community-service element that puts students to work helping Burlington^needy and simultaneously broadeningcultural awareness and a sense of engaged citizenship,(from uWhat Would an Ideal College Look Like?A Lot Like This”）II.Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.(50points).且夫胸中无识之人，即终日勤于学，而亦无益，俗谚谓为『两脚书橱j。
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。
北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。
北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。
北外高翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓
北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。
积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。
中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。
在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。
（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。
2012年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译(复语)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院814英汉互译（复语）真题及详解招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学科目名称：英汉互译(复语)(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books,but they have a tenacious hold on a particular group:children and toddlers.Their parents are insisting this next generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books.This is the case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto Kindles,iPads,laptops and phones.They freely acknowledge their digital double standard,saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books,to experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes,colors and animals.Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book,and fear that a shiny gadget might get all the attention.Also,if little Joey is going to spit up, a book may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected, sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under8have barely budged.They represent less than5percent of total annual sales of children’s books,several publishers estimated,compared with more than25percent in some categories of adult books.Many print books are also bought as gifts,since the delights of anAmazon gift card are lost on most6-year-olds.(210)【参考译文】电子书的兴起也许正在威胁实体书，但后者依然保有一个特别的读者群，即少年儿童。
北外同声传译(同传)考研之10英汉互译
北京外国语大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题 招生专业：英汉同声传译 科目名称： 英汉互译 （考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效） 一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分） The dangers of a population explosion have been all over the newspapers lately and indeed the world population could reach seven billion in just two years and eight billion perhaps in the next two decades. But that ’s not the only story. Dramatic declines in fertility rates in some countries and high rates in others pose a critical challenge. One must be reminded that the growth of world population — which now stands at an estimated 6.8 billion human inhabitants — has greatly impacted all life forms and the overall natural environment of the planet. Although the population of the world continues to grow substantially — 79 million per year — the rate of growth has declined by nearly half over the last 40 years – from 2 percent to 1.2 percent a year. The cause for the slowdown isdeclining fertility rates. However, while the average global fertility has dropped from about 5 to 2.6 births per woman during the past 50 years, considerable uncertainty exists about the future. Insofar as fertility is the engine driving the future size of world population, this uncertainty about the path of fertility in the coming years is one of the central and challenging questions of this century. (199 words) 二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分） President Obama ’s recent trip to China reflects a symbioticrelationship at the heart of the global economy: China uses American spending power to enlarge its private sector, while America uses Chinese报考专业姓名考生编号lending power to expand its public sector. Yet this arrangement may unravel in a dangerous way, and if it does, the most likely culprit will be Chinese economic overcapacity.Several hundred million Chinese farmers have moved from the countryside to the cities over the last 30 years, in one of the largest, most rapid migrations in history. To help make this work, the Chinese government has subsidized its exporters by pegging the renminbi at an unnaturally low rate to the dollar. This has supported relatively high-paying export jobs; additional subsidies have included direct credit allocation and preferential treatment for coastal enterprises.These aren’t the recommended policies you would find in a basic economics text, but it’s hard to argue with success. Most important, it has given many more Chinese a stake in the future of their society. Those same subsidies, however, have spurred excess capacity and created a dangerous political dynamic in which these investments have to be propped up at all cost.China has been building factories and production capacity in virtually every sector of its economy, but it’s not clear that the latest round of investments will be profitable anytime soon. Automobiles, steel, semiconductors, cement, aluminum and real estate all show signs of too much capacity. In Shanghai, the central business district appears to have high vacancy rates, yet building continues.Chinese planners now talk of the need to restrict investment in sectors that are overflowing with unsold products. The global market is no longer strong, and domestic demand was never enough in the first place. Regional officials have an incentive to prop up local enterprises and production statistics, even if that means supporting projects or accounting practices that are not sustainable. (315 words)三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）由于国际金融危机的严重冲击，我国外部需求大幅萎缩，产能过剩矛盾突出，企业生产经营困难，失业人员增多，经济增速明显下滑。
专八英译汉 (1995---2009)(本人译文与标准答案)
专八英译汉（1995---2009）赵玉敏1为本人翻译2为标准答案20091. 当我们在此聚集的时候，我们人类正面临着一个全球性的危机----一个十分不详和极具摧毁性潜力的威胁正扼杀着我们人类的文明。
但是，这里也有好消息：如果我们大胆、果断，迅速地出击，我们就能够解决这个危机，即使不能避免所有的后果，但至少能避免最坏的情况的发生。
然而，对当今世界许多领袖的最好的形容则正如当初丘吉尔对那些忽视阿道夫·希特勒的威胁的领导人所作出的评价那样：“他们一直陷在一种奇怪的矛盾中，决定了却又拖泥带水，优柔寡断；大权在握却又显得无能为力。
”今天，我们把环绕于地球周围薄薄的大气层当做开放的排污口，对它又排出了70百万吨可令全球变暖的污染物。
而明天，我们又将继续增加排污量，逐渐积累的温室气体将会吸收越来越多的太阳热能。
2. 我们人类正遭遇一次全球性的紧急事件，它对于我们的文明社会是否能够延续来说是个威胁。
甚至就在我们聚集在这里商讨时，它还在聚集破坏潜力，威胁也越来越大。
不过也有给人带来希望的消息，那就是，如果我们大胆、果断、迅速采取行动，我们有能力化解这次危机，即使不能避免所有的后果，也能避免最坏的后果。
然而，当今世界上许多领导人，他们的所作所为，用温斯顿•丘吉尔批评当年对希特勒的威胁视而不见的人们的话来描述再恰当不过了：“他们的所作所为前后矛盾，莫名其妙，起初决心已定，最终却迟疑不定；起初当即立断，最终却优柔寡断；起初无所不能，最终却一无所能。
”今天，我们视地球周围稀薄的大气层为排污明沟，又一次将七千万吨导致全球升温得污染物排放其中，到了明天，我们排放的污染物还会略有增加，其浓度渐积渐累，吸收太阳的热量愈来愈多。
20081. 但是，正如许多情况中所存在的事实一样，当他们最终步入了婚姻的殿堂，却发现原本最美丽的憧憬却为现实所取代。
他们不但没能分担各自原先的责任，正如学生们所说的“一人一半”，反而发现生活中的烦恼加倍了。
2002年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2002年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）人有男女性别之分，而法律讲性别吗？我国宪法明文规定，妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会中和家庭各个方面享有与男子同等的权利。
既然男女同权、男女平权，法律应该是不讲性别的，这样才能达到男女平等，才算是真正公平。
但事实上，在法律保护妇女、社会尊重妇女、男女平等的今天，男女不平等的现象依然或多或少地存在着。
这是“男尊女卑”、女性依附男性的历史留下的“后遗症”。
所以，大家不得不面对这一个现实：在当代，尽管女性的地位已有了很大提高，但和男性相比，还是属于需要关照的弱势群体。
针对这一现象，我国现行法律对女性给予了特殊关照，有专门的《妇女权益保障法》，而在《婚姻法》、《继承法》等法律规定中也有专门的保护条款。
对于男性，则没有这样的专门保护。
从这个角度讲，法律也是讲“性别”的。
在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。
单不说现实生活中存在的男女不平等现象，就是立法者大多数是男性这个事实，便有可能使我们的法律在不知不觉中就已带上男性的印记，所以，立法者必须超出社会现有的习惯，将更多的视角投到妇女这个弱势群体上，在立法中，应多一点女性视角，对女性多一些关怀、多一些保护。
女性，是母亲，是女儿，是姐妹……在立法时多一点女性视角，并不意味着忽视男性的权益，而在于最大程度地实现男女在法律上的平等，从而实现男女在现实生活中的平等。
如果有一天，法律不再需要对女性特殊关照的性别视角，那么，男女之间，就真正地平等了。
【参考译文】People Can be Divided by Gender,but DoesLegislation Take Gender Difference into Consideration?China’s constitution stipulates in explicit terms that women shall enjoy equal rights with men in political,economic,cultural,social and family life.Since men and women enjoy the same and equal rights,legislation should not take gender difference into consideration.Only this can genuine equality between men and women be achieved.However,in fact,phenomena of inequality between men and women still more or less persists in the present society where legislation is made to protect women, women are supposed to be respected in society,and men and women are supposed to be equal.They are the“sequelae”of concepts like“male domination and female subordination”and women should depend on men,which have been passed down by history.Therefore,we have to face the reality:although women’s social status has been improved remarkably in modern society,they are still a disadvantaged group that demands more attention and care than men.In view of this phenomenon,the China’s existing legislation gives women special attention and care.There is the Law On Women’s Rights and Interests, which is specially made for women and there are articles aimed to protect women in Marriage Law and Inheritance Law.As for men,there is no such special protection.In this sense,legislation does take gender difference into consideration.To think more from women’s perspective in the process of lawmaking also hasits practical significance.The mere fact that most of the legislators are male is likely to leave male imprint on our legislation unwittingly,not to mention the inequality between men and women existing in real life.Therefore,legislators must go beyond the existing social practices and pay more attention to women,the disadvantaged group.In the process of lawmaking,more of women’s perspective should be taken into consideration and they should be cared about and protected.Women are our mothers,daughters and sisters…To pay more attention to women in the process of lawmaking does not mean to neglect men’s rights and interests,but rather to achieve equality between men and women to the uttermost extent in the legislation and to realize gender equality in real life.If one day legislation does not have to take gender difference into consideration that gives more attention and care to women,then men and women will be equal in its real sense.二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）1.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。
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2009年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列文章译成汉语（50分）It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow,but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters:multiyear ice.It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage’s waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean,thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia.The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time.For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today’s space race,with European superpowers vying for the prize.Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada’s Arctic waters,including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake,Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson,who left his name—and lost his life—on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance.Now,with the Arctic’s sea ice shrinking at a rate of10percent per decade,this coveted shipping lane has opened for business—but shippers are not rushing to use it.The reason:as fate would have it,global warming appears to also be increasing the amount of potentially deadly multiyear ice chunks lurking in the newly opened pathway.“The thing is,the Canadian Arctic has a totally different ice regime than the Arctic Ocean,”says Stephen Howell,a climatologist at the Interdisciplinary Centeron Climate Change at the University of Waterloo in Ontario.In fact,the Canadian Arctic Archipelago acts as a“drain trap”for ship-wrecking multiyear ice,Howell says.This year,for example,when the first-year ice in the passage had melted,it opened the way for multiyear ice(MYI)from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to flow into and clog the Northwest Passage.“We call it a ‘MYI invasion’and that’s going to be the threat as we transition to an ice-free summertime Arctic,”he says.“The first-year ice,that’s sort of like Swiss cheese and you can just plow through it,”Howell says.This ice freezes over a winter and is seldom thicker than three feet(one meter).Often,first-year ice melts the summer after it’s frozen,but if it doesn’t,it becomes thicker the following winter and becomes multiyear ice.“The multiyear ice isn’t like Swiss cheese;it’s solid and trouble”for ships that collide with it,he says.(392)【参考译文】据说因纽特人有很多描述雪的词语，但就西北航道而论，只有一种冰冻水是重要的：多年冰。
多年冰可以像刀切黄油一样划开船身。
即使北冰洋正遭遇前所未有的变暖现象，这些冰层仍顽固地存在于航道的水域中，阻碍着那些寻找欧亚间通行捷径的船只。
自去年西北航道首次融冰，这条充满传奇色彩的航线就成了头条新闻。
三个世纪以来，在大西洋与太平洋之间寻找迅捷航路的过程堪比今日的太空竞赛，欧洲各超级大国相互角逐。
数百名水手和无数支探险队冒险进入加拿大北极圈的水域。
他们中间知识渊博的人不乏著名的航海家：弗朗西斯·德拉克爵士、库克船长，以及命运悲惨的亨利·哈德逊——他把名字留在了加拿大海湾的入口处，而自己也丧命于此。
如今，随着北冰洋的冰层以每十年10%的速率收缩，这条众人垂涎已久的航线已经可以通航。
然而，船主们并没有一拥而上。
原因是注定的：全球变暖似乎也将增加多年冰的数量，这些冰块暗藏于新开辟的航道中，具有潜在的致命危险。
“问题是加拿大北极区域的冰层情况与北冰洋的完全不同”。
斯蒂芬·豪威尔说，他是安大略省滑铁卢大学气候变化跨学科研究中心的气候学家。
事实上，对于易引发船难的多年冰而言，加拿大北极群岛实际上就像一个“排水阱”，豪威尔如是说。
举例来说，当今年西北航线上的一年冰融化时，多年冰就可以从伊丽莎白女王群岛一路流入西北航线造成拥塞。
“我们把这种情况叫做‘多年冰入侵’，在北极进入无冰夏季后，它将对航运造成威胁。
”他说。
“一年冰就像是瑞士乳酪，你可以啃上一口。
”豪威尔说。
这种冰是在一个冬天里冻结起来的，厚度很少超过3英尺（1米）。
通常一年冰在冻结之后的那个夏天里就融化了，而没有融化的那些就会在往后的冬天里结得更厚，形成多年冰。
“多年冰可不像瑞士乳酪，它们很坚硬，（船只撞上它们就会）很麻烦。
”他说。
二、将下列短文译成汉语（25分）We,the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G-20,have a common goal of promoting employment,welfare and development in our countries.We are convinced that strong and sustained economic growth is necessary both at national and global level to achieve this end.We have therefore discussed the requirements for long-lasting growth on the basis of our own experience and believe that domestic policy needs to address three tasks: establishing and maintaining monetary and financial stability;enhancing domesticand international competition;and empowering people to participate. Transparency and accountability within an internationally agreed framework of codes and standards remain key to ensuring sustained economic growth and stability at the global level.We agreed on the following key elements that will guide our domestic economic policies in the future.In implementing these elements, microeconomic aspects must be given due consideration.As these principles are interlinked,they must be implemented consistently,with due regard to possible trade-offs and complementarities,because many single elements have the potential of blocking the positive effects of others.While appropriate and credible policies are the basis for economic growth,they need to be backed by high-quality institutions,including ethical standards in corporate governance.Policymakers should build institutions in parallel with engaging in reforms and also ensure that institutions stay consistent with the requirements of a changing environment. However,given the diversity of institutional settings and the success of different economic strategies among G-20countries,there is no single template for strong long-term growth.Policies need to be shaped to the special circumstances in individual countries.(266)【参考译文】我们G-20成员国的财政部长和央行行长们有着促进本国就业、福利和发展的共同目标。