2005考研英语翻译真题
2005年考研英语4篇阅读真题中文翻译解释
2005年TEXT 121.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon解释与说明：human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ⑤ But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.22.The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals*B+ resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions解释与说明：① Everybody loves a fat pay rise. ② Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. ③ Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. ④ Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentiv e to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions解释与说明：Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.24．Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others解释与说明：Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph__________?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.解释与说明：However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense解释与说明：That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?27.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector [B] a judge [C] a critic [D] a guide解释与说明：But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future .28.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4) __________?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.解释与说明：Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research —a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”29.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming__________?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.解释与说明：If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.*A+ they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse解释与说明：There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs解释与说明：And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.32.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex解释与说明：“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night解释与说明：Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.34.Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious解释与说明：Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams__________?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.解释与说明：For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep —or rather dream —on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.36.According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s解释与说明：Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.37.The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty [B]personality [C] liveliness [D] informality解释与说明：But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree__________?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.解释与说明: As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive — there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness解释与说明：Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.40.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.*A+ “temporary” is to “permanent”*B+ “radical” is to “conservative”*C+ “functional” is to “artistic”*D+ “humble” is to “noble”解释与说明：Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms —he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.。
2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案3Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain isas active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control itscourse. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Musicand Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the aut hentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question ofhis subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.”A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”。
考研英语二真题手译翻译2005
(48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
5- In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.
This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for p1 Translation
1- It is not to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.
2005年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
D 除了猴子，没有其他动物能够产生这样的情绪 23. 选择雌性棕色卷尾喉作为研究对象可能是因为他们 A 更倾向于衡量得到多少 B 对研究人员的指令很专心 C 外表和性格都很好 D 比雄性卷尾喉更慷慨 24. Brosnan 博士和 de Waal 博士的研究最终发现猴子 A 喜欢葡萄甚于喜欢西瓜 B 可以被教会交换东西 C 如果感到欺骗，他们就不会合作 D 与其他猴子分开始感到不高兴 25. 我们从最后一段可以推断出什么 A 经过训练，猴子可以产生社会情感 B 人类的愤怒感来自于何处不得而知 C 动物通常像人类一样公开的表达情感 D 猴子之间的合作只有在野外才稳定
但为君故系列
6
麦荷特显示先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子， 从而说明他 记录的这种趋势是确凿无误的。但就书中副标题中的疑问：为什么我们应该、喜 欢或在意，答案却不够明确。作为语言学家，麦荷特认为各种各样的人类语言， 包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言， 都具有强大的表达力――世上没有传达不了复 杂思想的语言或方言。不像其他大多数人，麦荷特先生并不认为我们说话方式不 再规范就会使我们不能够准确的思考。 俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌；而意大利的政客们 往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时。麦荷特先生认 为正式语言并非不可或缺， 也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革――他其实只是为那 些美好事务而不是实用品的消逝而哀叹。我们现在用“纸盘子”而非“瓷盘子” 装着我们的英语大餐。真是惭愧啊，但很可能已无法避免。 36. 根据 McWhorter 的观点，正式英语的退化 A 在彻底的教育改革中不可避免 B 只不过是语言发展过程中的自然现象 C 导致了关于反正统文化的争议 D 引起了 20 世纪 60 年代大众态度的改变 37. 单词”talking“ （第三段第五行）的意思是 A 谦虚 B 个性 C 生动 D 非正式 38. McWhorter 最有可能同意下面哪一个论述？ A 逻辑思维并不一定和我们谈话的方式相关 B 黑人英语比标准英语更具表达力 C 非标准的人类语言变体只是娱乐性的 D 在所有语言类型中，标准英语是最能表达复杂思想的 39. 文中关于俄国人喜欢背诵诗歌的描述表现出作者 A 对他们的语言感兴趣 B 欣赏他们的努力 C 羡慕他们的记忆力 D 蔑视他们的守旧 40. 根据最后一段，”paper plates“ 之于”china“相当于 A “临时的”之于“永久的” B “激进的“之于”保守的“ 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2005年研究生招生基础英语试题参考译文(
2005年研究生招生基础英语试题参考译文（“王阳明捉贼”部分）北京外国语大学高级翻译学院李长栓原文：明代哲学家王阳明早年被贬到贵州龙场做地方官时，捕获了当地一个强盗头目。
该头目在受审时说：“我犯的是死罪，要杀要剐，任你怎么处置，只请你不要和我谈道德良知。
像我这种人是从来不谈这个的，甚至连想都没有想过。
”王阳明说：“好的。
今天我不和你谈道德良知。
不过，天气这么热，你看在审案前我们还是把外衣脱了吧。
”强盗头目说：“好！”脱去外衣后，王阳明又说：“还是热，再把内衣也脱了吧。
”强盗头目当然不会在乎赤膊，于是就脱去内衣。
庭上庭下两人身上只剩下一件裤头。
而此时王阳明更进一步，说道：“干脆我们把裤头也脱了吧，全身赤裸更自在……”一听说连裤头也要脱，强盗头目赶紧说：“这可使不得！这可使不得！”面对此情此景，王阳明当即来了一番水到渠成的因势利导：“为什么‘使不得’，这是因为在你心中还剩有那么一点羞耻感。
可见就是像你这样十恶不赦的家伙，我照样可以和你谈‘道德良知’……”强盗头目心服口服，随即讲自己的种种罪行一一如实供出。
参考译文：The ancient philosopher Wang Yangming offended some powerful officials of the imperial court and was demoted to the position of a local official in the remote province of Guizhou. During his term, he arrested the head of a burglary gang. In the trial, the suspect said, "I have committed a death penalty crime. You can kill me or torture me all you want but spare me the moral talk. A guy like me never talks morals. I don't even think about them."Wang replied, "OK, I won't talk morals with you today but since it's hot, I suggest we take off our coats before the trial.""OK," said the suspect, and took his coat off."It's still too hot, perhaps we should take off our shirts too," said Wang.The gangster naturally didn’t mind being bare-chested, so he took off his shirt. Now both of them had nothing left but their pants. Wang then said, "What about the pants? We’ll be more comfortable if we’re naked." "No way! No way!" protested the suspect.At this point, Wang cut to his point and said, "The reason why you wouldn't take off your pants is that you still know shame. This proves that even a notorious and ruthless man like yourself is concerned with morality. "The suspect was so impressed by Wang's argument that he confessed all his crimes.分享顶阅读(580)┊评论(3)┊收藏(0)┊转载(5)┊顶▼┊打印┊举报排行榜圈子已投稿到：前一篇：2008年北外高级翻译学院复语班入学考试参考译文后一篇：2008年北外翻译学院入学考试专业试题-参考译文评论重要提示：警惕虚假中奖信息新!用微软Live Writer离线写博文关注每日最热门博客[发评论]秋枝子2010-10-24 14:53:16[举报]老师，报名截止日期临近，我非常担心自己会落榜，现在老师这限时试译一段，但愿李老师能稍微过目。
2005年考研英语翻译和作文试题答案
2005年考研英语翻译和作文试题答案一、翻译部分：46. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。
47. In Europe ,as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing house that work in relation to one another.在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。
48. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%。
2005考研英语真题原文翻译
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译S e c t i o nⅠU s e o fE n g l i s h人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具㊂常常被认为人的嗅觉不如动物灵敏,然而这主要是因为我们是直立的,和动物不同㊂这就意味着我们的鼻子只限于感知在空气中飘过的气味,而无法察觉大部分粘附在物体表面的气味㊂然而,实际上,我们对气味非常敏感,即使我们通常意识不到这一点㊂即使把人类的气味稀释到不及原来的百万分之一,我们的鼻子仍然可以察觉到㊂奇怪的是,有些人发现他们可以闻出一种花的味道,却闻不出另一种,有些人则对两种花都很敏感㊂这可能是因为有些人缺少一种基因,这种基因能够在鼻子里产生某种特定的气味接收器㊂这些接收器是一些可以感知气味并向大脑发送信息的细胞㊂但也发现即使有些人开始对某种气味不敏感,经常接触后,也会突然变得敏感起来㊂对气味不敏感的原因可能是:大脑发现,让所有的气味接收器始终工作效率太低,但是,在需要时大脑仍可以产生新的接收器,这也可以解释为为什么我们总是对自己的气味不敏感 不过是不需要而已㊂我们察觉不到自己家里惯有的气味,但是当我们拜访其他人的家时,就会注意到不熟悉的气味㊂大脑发现最好的方法就是利用气味接收器来接收不熟悉的或紧急的信号㊂例如烟的气味,这种气味可能预示着火灾的危险㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1人人都喜欢丰厚的加薪㊂然而,当你得知一位同事的加薪比你还要高时,你的快乐可能会烟消云散㊂的确,如果他还有偷懒的名声,你甚至可能会愤怒了㊂这种行为被认为是 人之常情 ㊂其潜在的意思也就是,其它的动物不会拥有如此微妙的不平之感㊂然而‘自然“杂志新近发表的一篇由佐治亚洲亚特兰大E m o r y大学的S a r a hB r o s n a n和F r a n s d eW a a l博士的调查则表明 愤愤不平 也是 猴之常情 ㊂研究人员研究雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为㊂它们长得可爱,性情温和,懂得合作并且喜欢分享它们的食物㊂首先,它们像女人一样比雄性更注重 商品和服务 的价值㊂这种性格特征使其成为B r o s n a n和d eW a a l博士的最佳研究试验对象㊂研究人员用了两年时间教会猴子用代币换取食物㊂通常来说,它们很乐意用石头块换黄瓜条㊂然而,当把两只猴子置于相隔并紧紧相连的两个房间,以至于它们能够互相看见对方用石头块换到什么东西时,他们的行为就会变得明显地不同㊂在卷尾猴看来,葡萄是奢侈品(远比黄瓜诱人)㊂所以当一只猴子用代币换到一串葡萄时,另一只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币只换回一片黄瓜㊂如果一只猴子不用代币就可以白白得到一串葡萄,另一只猴子就会把代币掷向研究员或扔出房间,或干脆拒绝接受黄瓜条㊂事实上,只要另一个房间放置着一串葡萄(并没有猴子去吃),也是可以引起一只雌性卷尾猴的愤怒㊂研究员指出,卷尾猴就如同人类一样,受社会情感的支配㊂处于野生状态中的卷尾猴乐于合作,但是这种合作状态只有在每一只动物都觉得自己没有受欺骗的情况下才能稳定存在㊂对愤怒这种情感,似乎不是人类所特有的㊂一旦动物感到自己得到的比别的动物少,这种情感就会清楚地显露出来㊂然而这种公平感究竟是人类和卷尾猴各自进化的结果,还是源于三千五百万年前共同的祖先,迄今为止,仍然是一个悬而未决的疑问㊂T e x t2你还记得那些年头吗?当科学家们说吸烟会杀死我们自己时,怀疑者却坚持说这并不是确定的事实;他们说证据尚难定论,科学还不确定;那些反对吸烟的游说是在破坏我们的生活方式,政府不应该对此进行干涉㊂有许多美国人听信了这种胡言乱语,其结果是在30年中,有大约一千万的烟民早早离开了人世㊂今天仍然有令人忧虑的类似景象,一批又一批的科学家们试图让我们意识到全球变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁㊂最近,一个由白宫召集,来自国家科学院的专家小组告诉我们,地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖,而且这个主要是人为因素造成的,他们明确表示人类应当行动起来寻求自我保护㊂国家科学院院长B r u c eA l b e r t s在专家团报告的前言中补充了关键的一点:科学也无法解答所有的问题㊂但科学却为我们的未来提供了指导,关键是我们的国家和全世界在做重要决策时,应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响的最佳判断作为依据㊂如同吸烟问题一样,来自不同方面的声音坚持认为,有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整,并认为在我们证实这件事之前,继续向大气中排放有害气体是无关紧要的㊂这是一个危险的游戏,等到我们有确凿证据时,一切都将为时太晚,随着危险性越来越明显,并且不断增加,一个谨慎的民族现在应该采取保护措施了㊂幸运的是,白宫开始关注这一问题了㊂但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题㊂他们不但没有制定行动计划,反而继续要求进行更多的研究 这是典型的 分析麻痹了行动 的案例㊂作为地球上一名负责任的成员,我们必须对大气和海洋做更深层次的研究㊂但只有研究是不够的㊂如果政府不采取法律措施,那么议会就应该帮着启动一些保护措施㊂来自西弗吉尼亚的民主议员R o b e r tB y r d起草的一项用经济措施激励私企来保护环境的议案就是一个很好的开头㊂许多人看到我们国家正着手建造一批新的能源工厂以满足人们对能源的需求㊂如果我们要保护大气,那么把这些工厂建成对环境无污染的能源站就变得至关重要㊂T e x t3在睡一个好觉的所有因素中,梦似乎是最难以控制的㊂在梦中,我们到了一个逻辑失去作用,死人开口说话的世界里㊂一个世纪以前,F r e u d阐述了他的革命性的理论:梦是对我们无意识的欲望和恐惧的一种深层的折射㊂到了二十世纪七十年代末期,神经科学家们转而认为梦是人们 心理的噪音 是睡眠中进行的神经修复过程中偶然产生的副产品㊂目前,研究人员猜想认为,梦是心理情感调节器的一部分,在大脑 下线 时调节情绪㊂一位权威人士说,这些强烈的大脑活动不仅能被驾驭,也可以被有意识的控制,以帮助我们进入睡眠并获得良好的感觉㊂芝加哥医学中心心理学主任R o s a l i n dC a r t w r i g h t说 这是你的梦,如果你不喜欢,你可以改变它㊂ 大脑造影的证据支持了以上观点㊂匹兹堡大学的E r i cN o f z i n g e r博士说,在睡眠的某一阶段,即眼睛快速运动阶段,也就是大多数生动的梦出现的阶段,大脑处于与醒着时一样活跃的状态㊂然而在这个时候,并非大脑的所有部分一样活跃,而大脑前额皮层(智力与推理中心)则相对安静㊂斯坦福睡眠研究专家W i l l i a m D e m e n t博士说: 我们从梦中醒来,或者高兴或者沮丧,这些情绪会伴随我们一整天㊂梦和情感之间的联系在C a r t w r i g h t诊所的病人身上显露出来了㊂大多数的人似乎在睡眠前期会有较多不好的梦,然后渐渐出现令人愉快的梦㊂这表明人们在刚刚进入睡眠时会先经历白天所产生的令人不快的情感㊂白天我们忙于事务,往往不会考虑白天所发生的事情的情感后果,直到我们做梦,才会想到这些事情的情感后果㊂这一过程没必要都留给潜意识去完成㊂C a r t w r i g h t认为人们可以对那些反复出现的噩梦实施有意识的控制㊂你一醒过来就要考虑到底令我们不安的是什么,设想如何让梦结束㊂下一次类似的梦再出现时,努力醒过来控制梦的进程㊂经过练习人们可以学会在睡眠中完成这一工作㊂C a r t w r i g h t说,一天下来,除非梦已妨碍我们睡眠或者我们会 在恐慌中醒来 ,也许我们没有理由去过多地关注我们的梦㊂那些长期受噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助㊂对于其他人来说,大脑有自己处理不良情感的方式㊂安心睡觉甚至做梦,早上醒来时你会感觉好多了㊂T e x t4美国人不再期待一些公众人物在演讲或其所写的文章中表现出对英语这一语言的娴熟掌握,他们自己也不渴望这样的掌握㊂J o h n M c W h o r t e r是一名语言学家,同样也是一个兼有自由主义和保守主义的辩论家,在他最近出版的新书‘做自己的事 语言和音乐的退化以及我们为什么关注“中,他认为20世纪60年代反文化思潮的胜利导致了规范英语的衰退㊂将责任归结到自由主义盛行的20世纪60年代不足为奇,然而这不是对教育衰落的又一场批判㊂M c W h o r t e r先生的学术专长在于语言史及其演变,例如,他认为 w h o m 一词的逐渐消失是自然的,并与古英语词格尾缀消失一样不值得为之惋惜㊂然而 做我们自己的事 的结果是规范的演讲㊁作品㊁诗歌和音乐的死亡㊂在20世纪60年代以前,那些受过一般教育的人在写作时都努力用庄严的语气,而此后的时间里,即使是被认为最重要的作品都试图表现出口语的特色,同样,诗歌中也只有那些非常个性的,具有非凡表现力的作品才称得上充满活力㊂在口头和书面语中,随意的风格已取代了规范的表达,即兴表白也胜过了矫饰的技巧㊂M c W h o r t e r先生用一系列来自上流社会和下层社会的有趣的例子来阐述这种趋势,并且这种趋势是确凿无误的㊂但就书中的副标题 为什么我们要关注 ,所表达的意义就比较含蓄了㊂作为一个语言学家,M c W h o r t e r先生承认各种人类语言包括类似黑人英语的非标准语言,都具有很强的表现力㊂世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想㊂而跟其它许多人不一样的是,他并不认为因为我们不能很好地说话,我们就不能正确地进行思考㊂俄罗斯人深爱着自己的语言,能记得很多诗歌,而意大利的政治家们常常发表在大多数英国人看来有点过时的经过精心加工的演讲㊂M c W h o r t e r先生承认不一定要用规范语言,也并不主张彻底的教育改革 与其说他是为了有用的东西丧失而感到伤心,不如说他是为了某种优美的东西的丧失感到惋惜㊂我们现在把英语大餐放在 纸盘子 上而非 瓷盘子 上,可能这是一种遗憾,但确实是不可避免的㊂P a r t B加拿大的省长们(省政府的领导人)在七月底的年度会议上对渥太华发完牢骚之后,如果还有力气的话,也可以抽点时间一起做点什么来降低医疗保健成本㊂他们都在抱怨保健预算的飙升,其中上升最快的部分是药品成本㊂据加拿大保健信息研究所介绍,自1997年以来,处方药的成本增长速度是总保健费用的两倍,其中一部分增长是因为药物被用来代替其他治疗方法;一部分是因为新药比旧药成本高;还有一部分是因为更高的价格㊂怎么办?R o m a n o w和K i r b y两家保健委员会 更不用说来自其他专家的报告 建议成立一个全国性的药品机构㊂不是每个省都有自己批准的药品目录㊁机构㊁手续和有限的价格谈判能力,而是大家把资源集中起来,与渥太华合作,建立一个全国性的机构㊂全国性的 是什么意思?R o y R o m a n o w和M i c h a e l K i r b y建议成立一个联邦和省联合的机构,就像最近成立的全国保健委员会㊂但 全国性的 并不一定非是那个意思㊂ 全国性的 也可是跨省的 各省通力合作创建一个机构㊂不管那种方式, 全国性的 组织的一个好处就是,如有可能,与药品制造商谈判,获得更好的价格㊂不用一个省 或者一个省的一些医院 为了该省药品目录上的某一种药去谈判价格,而是由一个全国性的机构代表各省去谈判㊂比如说,魁北克省不用代表700万人去谈判,全国性机构将代表3100万人去谈判㊂基础经济学表明,潜在客户越多,价格从优的可能性就越大㊂当然,制药公司会大声抗议㊂他们喜欢分散的买家,那样更容易说服买家㊂他们可以威胁说要把就业机会转到别的省去㊂他们可能希望,如果一个省将某种药列入了药品目录,压力将迫使其他省也列入此药㊂他们不喜欢全国性的药品代理机构,但是切身利益将使他们和它打交道㊂随着由渥太华和各省出资的加拿大保健技术评估协调办公室的成立,加拿大已经向全国性机构迈出了一小步㊂在它的指导下,常见药品审查委员会推荐各省药品目录应该新增的药品㊂不出所料并且令人遗憾的是,魁北克拒绝加入㊂一些省长对联邦和省之间的任何形式的合作都表示怀疑㊂他们(尤其是魁北克和阿尔贝塔两省)只想让渥太华多拨几十个亿,附带条件如果有也不能太多㊂那就是全国统一药品目录的计划难以实施而药品价格持续快速上涨的原因之一㊂因此,如果各省想控制保健方面的局势,他们就必须证明有这方面的能力,首先从制定各省的药品目录开始,这将结束重复劳动,节省管理成本,防止各省被各个击破,争取更好的药品价格㊂省长们喜欢有选择性地引用R o m a n o w的报告,尤其是关于联邦政府增加拨款的部分㊂也许他们应该看一看他对药品问题不得不说的一些话: 一个全国性药品代理机构可以使各省对医药公司施加更多的影响,以限制不断上涨的药价㊂或者他们可以看看K i r b y的报告: 这样一个机构强大的购买力将会加强公众处方药保险计划,向制药公司谈判,获得尽可能低的购买价格㊂所以当省长们聚在尼亚加拉大瀑布,大发他们一贯的牢骚时,他们也应该在自己的管辖权限以内做点事情,这对他们的预算和病人都有好处㊂P a r t C在欧洲历史上这个具有无比重要意义的阶段里,谈论大众媒体的作用并非易事㊂历史事件和新闻发生混淆,人们对于大众媒体的感受往往是怀疑和乐观情绪的结合㊂(46)电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一 在欧洲近来发生的事件中,它把不同的民族和国家连到一起,其作用之大,前所未有㊂现在正在形成的欧洲除了其人民㊁文化及对国家的认同感外,别无他物㊂只有考虑到这一点,我们才能着手分析欧洲电视业的状况㊂(47)在欧洲,像在其他地方一样,传媒集团越来越成功:这些集团将相关的电视㊁广播㊁报纸㊁杂志和出版社组合在一起㊂意大利的一个例子是贝鲁斯科尼集团,而所知的外国集团有麦斯威尔和默多克㊂显然,只有最大最灵活的公司才能在这个饱和的竞争激烈的市场上竞争㊂(48)这一点就足以表明,要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事㊂统计数字尤其说明了这一事实,在80个欧洲电视网中,多达一半在1989年亏损㊂另外,欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更密切地合作㊂(49)不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的 欧洲品牌 绝非易事,需要人们作出战略性的选择 也就是选择在欧洲为欧洲制作节目㊂这就要求减少对北美市场的依赖,因为他们的节目里所涉及的经历和文化传统与我们自己的大为不同㊂为了达到这些目标,我们必须对合作制作节目㊁交换新闻㊁文件服务及培训更为关注㊂也意味着欧洲国家之间需要达成协议,创建一个电视节目制作的欧洲银行,该银行可参照欧洲投资银行的模式,处理与制作成本相关的财政问题㊂(50)在应对如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说, 联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡 ㊂如果我不得不选择一个口号的话,它应该是 多样中的统一 ㊂既具有一致的目标,但又尊重每个国家不同的特点㊂。
2005-2010考研英语翻译真题译文
2005年考研英语翻译真题解析Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relationship to one another.翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive, in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television network, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.翻译：仅仅这一切就足以证实，电视行业绝非容易生存的地方，统计数据表明，欧洲80个电视网络中，在1989年有不少于50%遭受了亏损。
2005年考研英语翻译真题解析
2005(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
(47)In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.评析：这句话最难的地方在于几个小词的处理，我们翻译的标准不用做到信达雅，但是起码要像人话，如果翻完自己都觉得很不通顺，坚决不可将就，句子有不熟悉的词不可以把英语抄在译文中，那样老师会理直气壮地扣分。
我们要尽量结合上下文，把句子做到通顺。
难点：television，radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses是并列关系，要翻成“电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社”，因为最后一个词是出版社，其他的几个虽然是媒体，但是和后面的出版社成并列关系，所以必须翻译成机构。
重点：并列关系。
并列各项1.词类相同2.作者态度相同3.语法结构相同4.意思接近。
全句翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作。
【考研必备】2005年考研英语真题及解析
[日期] 2 005 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells —we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 .[A] although .[A] above [B] as [C] but [D] while[B] unlike [B] committed [B] ignoring [B] though [B] if only [C] excluding [C] dedicated [C] missing [C] instead [C] only if [D] besides[D] confined[D] tracking[D] therefore[D] as if.[A] limited .[A] catching .[A] anyway .[A] even if .[A]distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting.[A] diluted .[A] when [B] dissolved [B] since [C] dispersed [C] for [D] diffused[D] whereas[D] typical0.[A] unusual 1.[A] signs [B] particular [B] stimuli [B] at all [C] unique [C] messages [C] at large [C] drawn [D] impulses[D] at times[D] exposed[D] insufficient2.[A] at first3.[A] subjected [B] left4.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient1 1 1 27.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[C]neglect[D]tired[D]notice8.[A]tolerate9.[A]available0.[A]similar to[B]repel[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,andthey share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by________.[ [ [ [A]posing a contrastB]justifying an assumptionC]making a comparisonD]explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies that________.[ [ [ [A]monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB]resenting unfairness is also monkeys’natureC]monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each otherD]no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are________.[A]more inclined to weigh what they get[B]attentive to researchers’instructions[C]nice in both appearance and temperament[D]more generous than their male companions24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________.[ [ [ [A]prefer grapes to cucumbersB]can be taught to exchange thingsC]will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD]are unhappy when separated from others25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A]Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B]Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D]Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latestwas a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the worldbase important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late.With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[ [ [ [A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC]people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as________.[ [ [ [A]a protectorB]a judgeC]a criticD]a guide28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[ [ [ [A]Endless studies kill action.B]Careful investigation reveals truth.C]Prudent planning hinders progress.D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because______.[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligenceB]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD]both of them have turned from bad to worse[Text3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researcherssuspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better.“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake,says Dr.Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events—until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams________.[ [ [A]can be modified in their coursesB]are susceptible to emotional changesC]reflect our innermost desires and fears[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show________.[ [ [ [A]its function in our dreamsB]the mechanism of REM sleepC]the relation of dreams to emotionsD]its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[ [ [ [A]aggravate in our unconscious mindB]develop into happy dreamsC]persist till the time we fall asleepD]show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that________.[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[ [ [ [A]Lead your life as usual.B]Seek professional help.C]Exercise conscious control.D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and Why We Should Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom”,for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing”,has spelt the death of formal speech, writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal,performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should, like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.6.According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English________.3[ [ [ [A]is inevitable in radical education reformsB]is but all too natural in language developmentC]has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.[ [ [ [A]modestyB]personalityC]livelinessD]informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[ [ [ [A]interest in their languageB]appreciation of their effortsC]admiration for their memoryD]contempt for their old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as________.[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”[B]“radical”is to“conservative”[C]“functional”is to“artistic”[D]“humble”is to“noble”Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Canada’s premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.(41)____________What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources, work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.(42)_____________But“national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial—provinces combining effortsto create one body.Either way,one benefit of a“national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.(43)_____________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached.That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costskeep rising fast.(44)_____________Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report selectively,especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”(45)_____________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![ B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at [ [ [ twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others toinclude it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed —and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 5 0% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49)Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news, documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for thecreation of a European bank for Television Production which,on the model of the European Investments Bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs.(50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be“Unity in our diversity.”A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&Fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than100words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use“Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should first describe the drawing,then interpret its meaning,and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
2005年考研真题翻译
2005年考研真题翻译It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines andpublishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go tomake up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided wefall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.。
考研英语2005翻译真题
考研英语2005翻译真题In recent years, much of the world’s attention has been focused on environmental protection. Consequently, there is a growing recognition that it is our responsibility to take actions to protect the environment. However, there is still a long way to go before we can achieve a sustainable future for our planet.One of the most urgent environmental issues we face is pollution. Pollution comes in many forms, including air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Industrialization and urbanization have greatly contributed to the increase in pollution levels, causing serious damage to ecosystems and human health. To tackle pollution, we need comprehensive measures such as improving industrial regulations, promoting renewable energy, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices.Another pressing environmental concern is the loss of biodiversity. Human activities, such as deforestation, overfishing, and illegal wildlife trade, have resulted in the extinction of many species and the destruction of natural habitats. This loss of biodiversity not only disrupts ecosystems but also affects our own well-being as we rely on biodiversity for resources and services. To address this issue, we need to strengthen conservation efforts, establish protected areas, and raise public awareness about the importance of biodiversity.Climate change is another major environmental challenge that requires immediate attention. The burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases have led to rising global temperatures, causing extreme weather events, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels. To combat climatechange, we must reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to clean energy sources, and promote sustainable transportation and practices.Furthermore, waste management is a critical aspect of environmental protection. The increasing production of waste, especially non-biodegradable materials like plastics, poses a significant threat to the environment. Effective waste management strategies, such as recycling, waste reduction, and proper disposal, are essential to minimize the impact of waste on the environment.To achieve a sustainable future, it is crucial to promote environmental education and awareness. By educating individuals about the importance of environmental protection and sustainable practices, we can empower them to make informed choices and take environmentally friendly actions.In conclusion, environmental protection is of utmost importance in our pursuit of a sustainable future. Pollution, loss of biodiversity, climate change, and waste management are among the key challenges we need to address. Through comprehensive measures, increased conservation efforts, and environmental education, we can work towards a healthier and more sustainable planet for future generations. Let us all take responsibility and contribute to the protection of our environment.。
考研英语阅读真题翻译2005
每个人都喜欢丰厚的涨薪。
不过如果你知道你的同事涨薪幅度比你大的话，你就不会那么开心了。
而且，如果他有着偷懒的声誉，你可能就会愤怒了。
这样的行为被认为是‘像人’，潜在的含义是其他动物没有这种先进的沮丧情绪。
可是sara和frans的一项研究指出，猴子也有类似的行为。
研究者研究了女性灰猩猩的行为。
他们看起来很可爱。
他们是天生的、合作性的生物，他们乐于分享自己的食物。
最重要的是，就像他们的同性人类一样，比起男性，他们更倾向于关注商品和服务的价值。
这样的特点使他们成为了研究的完美候选者。
研究者用两年时间教会这些猴子用兑换券交换食物。
通常来说，猴子很乐意用一串石头换取一片黄瓜。
然而，当两个猴子被放置在彼此隔离却又相邻的笼子，此时每只猴子都能观察到其他猴子可以用石头换到什么时，他们的行为很明显的有了变化。
在猩猩的世界中，葡萄是种奢侈的商品（比黄瓜更受欢迎）。
所以当一只猴子用它的兑换券换到一个葡萄时，第二只很不情愿的仅仅换了一片黄瓜。
而且，仅仅是有黄瓜存在另一个笼子（没有猴子去吃它）就足够增加母猩猩的怨恨了。
研究者认为猩猩就像人类一样，被社交情绪引导。
在野生环境中，他们是合作的、群居物种。
这种合作只有在每只生物感觉没有被欺骗时才稳定。
看起来对不公正事物的愤慨并不是人类所独有的。
拒绝一个较少的奖励这种行为完全使群体中其他成员的感觉充分体现了出来。
然而，这种公平的感觉是人类和猩猩独立进化出来的，还是根源于叁仟伍佰万年前的某种共同祖先这种疑问，到目前为止还是一个未知。
你还记得当年，科学家声称吸烟会害死我们时，怀疑者坚称我们并不确定这一点？他们说证据并不确凿，科学并不确信？他们还说反吸烟游行会毁掉我们的生活方式，政府不应该参与进来？大部分美国人相信了这种胡说，过去30年，一千万吸烟者提早进入了坟墓。
如今有个相似的情景出现了，科学家一次又一次的提醒我们，全球变暖问题正在逐渐威胁我们。
最新的信息来自白宫发布的国家科学研究机构，提醒我们地球气候绝对变暖了，而原因主要是人为的。
考研2005真题译文
4.幸运的是，白宫开始注意这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续要求进行更多的研究----这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹”的案例。
3.梦和情绪之间的联系在Cartwright诊所的病人身上有所显现。似乎多数人在夜晚初期会做不好的梦，到醒来之前，会逐渐做比较快乐的梦，这意味着他们在力图消除白天产生的消极情绪。因为清醒时我们的头脑被日常生活占据了，所以不会总想着白天发生的事情的情感意义，直到我们开始做梦时，这种情感意义才出现。
4.但这一过程不一定是无意识发生的。Cartwright认为人可以通过锻炼有意识地控制重复出现的噩梦。一旦醒来，立刻辨明是什么让你对做的梦感到难过，进而可以想象你希望这个梦如何结束，当下一次做梦时，试图及时醒来控制梦境。经过多次练习，人们完全能够学会在睡眠中控制梦境。
Text 3
1.在所有构成良好睡眠的因素中，梦看起来是我们最无法控制的一个。睡梦之窗开启的世界里，逻辑失去效用，死者开始言语。一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德阐述了他的革命性的理论，即梦是对我们的无意识的个体户和恐惧的一种深层的折射；到了二十世纪七十年代末期，神经学者们转而认为梦是人们“心理的噪音”-----是睡眠中进行的神经修复过程中偶然产生的副产品。现在研究人员怀疑梦是头脑中的情绪调节器，当大脑“脱机”时，这个调节器就调节情绪。一名学术权威说，这些异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，也可以被人们有意识地控制，从而帮助我们提高睡眠质量并获得良好的感觉。芝加哥医疗中心精神科主任Rosalind Cartwright说：“这是你的梦，如果不喜欢，可以改变它。”
2005考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2005 Text 1Paragraph 11、Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.所有人都喜欢工资猛涨。
但是如果你得知你的同事工资涨得比你的还多，你的高兴就会烟消云散了。
1.1 fat 脂肪、胖的thin=lean 瘦的ultrathin英/,ʌltrə'θɪn/ 美/,ʌltrə'θɪn/adj. 超薄的1.2 fashion industry时尚行业The thinner，the better1.3 raise=pay rise 加薪negotiate for a raise 申请加薪appeal for a rate relief 申诉降低费用。
1.4 colleague同事college大学disappear=vanish 消失fade逐渐消失1.5 vanish英/'vænɪʃ/ 美/'vænɪʃ/n. 弱化音vi. 消失；突然不见；成为零vt. 使不见，使消失2、Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.事实上，这个同事如果还有偷懒的名声，那么你甚至有可能会勃然大怒。
这种行为被认为是“太人化”，其言下之意就是动物是不可能产生这种微妙的怨恨的。
2005年考研英语翻译真题解析
2005(46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文:电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
（47）In Europe，as elsewhere multi—media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.评析：这句话最难的地方在于几个小词的处理，我们翻译的标准不用做到信达雅，但是起码要像人话，如果翻完自己都觉得很不通顺，坚决不可将就，句子有不熟悉的词不可以把英语抄在译文中,那样老师会理直气壮地扣分.我们要尽量结合上下文，把句子做到通顺。
难点：television，radio newspapers，magazines and publishing houses是并列关系，要翻成“电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社"，因为最后一个词是出版社，其他的几个虽然是媒体,但是和后面的出版社成并列关系，所以必须翻译成机构。
重点：并列关系.并列各项1。
词类相同2.作者态度相同3.语法结构相同4。
意思接近。
全句翻译：在欧洲,就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台,电台,报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作.（48）This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive，in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.评析：这句话难点在于in a fact underlined by statistics that show that写得非常不通顺和罗嗦，如果直译，会非常难以流畅,必须减去一些废话,适应汉语表达的习惯。
Q119-考研英语阅读-2005 text2 全文翻译
2005年Text 2①Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? ②That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? ③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? ④Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.①还记得科学家们认为吸烟会使我们丧命，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？②还记得怀疑者们坚持认为证据不确凿，科学也不确定的时候吗？③还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了破坏我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？④许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在过去三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早地进了坟墓。
①There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. ②The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.③The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.④The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. ⑤But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”①现在出现了令人忧虑的类似现象。
2005年考研英语真题答案及解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析这是一篇科普性说明文，文章主要介绍了人类嗅觉的特点及原因。
文章首段指提出说明的中心。
第二段对人们对某些气味的敏感程度的差异原因进行了分析，并指出这种不敏感是可以改变的。
第三段进一步解释了人类对气味不敏感的原因。
二、试题解析1.[A]although虽然，表让步[B]as因为，表因果[C]but但是，表转折[D]while虽然，表让步【答案】C【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.183【解析】从选项内容和文章中句子结构可以判断空要求填入一个表示前后两个句子逻辑关系的连词，空前的句子谈到“和动物相比，人类经常被认为是不敏感的”，空后谈到这主要是由于我们是直立行走的（动物）。
显然后句是说明人类不敏感的原因，既然人类不敏感是有原因的，那么反过来表达的就是人类应该是敏感的，前句谈到不敏感，后句反馈的是敏感，含义对立，只能填入转折连词，故答案为C。
2.[A]above在上面[B]unlike不像……[C]excluding不包括[D]beside除……之外【答案】B【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.874【解析】这里在谈到人是直立的动物之前，出现了一个动物，显然是和人类进行对比，能表示这一含义的只有B。
3.[A]limited(to)局限于[B]committed(to)献身于[C]dedicated(to)致力于，献身于[D]confined(to)局限于【答案】A【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.395【解析】空所在的句子开头用“this means…”，显然这是对上面一句的继续解释，句子说“我们的鼻子感受到那些浮在空气中的气味，大部分气味依附于地面。
”前文已经谈到由于人类的直立而使得人类不如动物敏感，那么直立自然应该能感受到浮在空气中的气味，而感受不到依附于地面的气味，这样人类的嗅觉就是有局限的，因此前面的一个空填入的词应该表示局限于空气中的气味，后面一空填的应该表示没有能感觉到依附于地面的气味，符合这一语义的第一空为limited，后一空为missing，故本题答案为A，下一空答案为C。
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2005
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.
(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served as much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.
The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.(47)In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49)Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.
This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”
A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.。