营养学专业词汇

acceptable daily intake （ADI）每人每日容许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂，活化剂actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附，吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus 甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia 早老性痴呆（阿耳茨海默痴呆）Ames test Ames 试验，艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属，阿米巴原虫，变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate，BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism 基础代谢base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz（a）anthracene （BA）苯并（a）蒽benzo（a）pyrene （B（a）P）苯并（a）芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus 乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC；1，2，3，4，5，6-hexachlorocyclohexane 六六六bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果（二）酚bioconcentration 生物富集，生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration 生物富集，生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀（罐头）biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价（生理价值）biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis（P-chlorophenyl）acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1，l'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2——dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1，l'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1，1'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2，2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots（patches）结膜干燥，比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡，预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲，视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index，BMI 体重指数botulin（botulismotoxin）肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform Encephalopathy，BSE 疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane；methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病test 桔草杆菌试验flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯（）韦氏杆菌（产气荚膜杆菌）cachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin，CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡（路里）calorifacient 生热的，产热的calorimeter 测热计，热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus 胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母，念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色，焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀（罐头）chemical engineering ，chemical industry，chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon，organochlorine 氯化烃，有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3，胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test 染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage 磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen，CFA 定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning 先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin 生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin 化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin 放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene 食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene 食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk （CSM）玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning 含氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compound 环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶daily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲（症）daylily 黄花莱，金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2，4-D；2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2，4-D；2，4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP；dichlorvos；dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time （DRT）90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test 迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton，systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol （DON）脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体，后代Deuteromycetes （Imperfect fungi）半知茵纲（不完全菌纲）dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus，DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz（a，h）anthracene，DBA 二苯并（a，h）蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane；1，1，1-trichloro-2，2-bis（P-chlorophenyl）ethan 滴滴涕（DDT）dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食，饮食dietary 食谱，饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference values，DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1，25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1，25-二羟维生素D37，12-dimethylbenz（a）anthracene；7，12-DMBA 7，12-二甲基苯并（a）蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect（dose-response）relationship 剂量效应（反应）关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小，侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度eating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶，乳浊剂，乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化（食品）enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体，骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12，13-epoxytrichothecenes 12，13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化（作用）estimated safe and adequate intake 安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的，人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶Facioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex （CA-C）FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉，淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council，FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法（美国）Fenthion 倍疏磷（百治屠）fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵（臭）米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵（臭）米面食物中毒fern 蕨类（羊齿植物）ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer （化学）肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxin F-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome，FAS 胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼，鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization，FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration （FDA）of . 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of . 美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强，强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-Xgalactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma-BHC γ-六六六gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌grain embryo 谷胚（芽）garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food，GMF 转基因食品geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏，白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice （IMP）良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain，cereal 谷类grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗grain processing 粮食加工green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素Hafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip（cleft lip）唇裂heat-labile toxin，LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin，ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因，吗啡high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin，HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼，联氨hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer （液体）比重计hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol 羟基胆固醇化钙，25-羟维生素D3hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol 羟基麦角钙化醇，25-羟维生素D2Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症Ibotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴，毒茴香，假茴香，次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality （INQ）营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚（靛基质）Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素International Commission on Radiological Protection；ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物joule 焦耳junior food 幼儿食品Kahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良Labeling of INQ INQ标志（营养质量指数标志）lac insect 紫胶虫lactation 泌乳，哺乳Lactarius 乳菇属Lactobacilius 乳杆菌属L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester 天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯lathyrism 山黧豆中毒lead 铅lead linear 铅线lead load 铅负荷leaf protein 叶蛋白lean body mass 瘦体质lean meat 瘦肉lecithin 卵磷脂leptin 瘦素leucine 亮氨酸L-α，γ-diamlnobutyric acid L-α，γ-二氨基丁酸life-span toxicity test 终生毒性试验lignin 木质素limiting amino acid 限制氨基酸linamarin 亚麻苦甙，棉豆甙lindane 林丹linolenic acid 亚麻酸linolie acid 亚油酸linuron，N′-（3，4-dichlorophenyl）N-methoxy-N-methylurea 利谷隆lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipoids 类脂质lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithium 锂live birth index 出生成活率liverfluke 肝吸虫Lolium temulentum L. 毒麦long term toxicity test 长期毒性试验low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein cholesterin，LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇lungfluke 肺吸虫Lycopene 番茄红素lysine 赖氨酸lysyloxidase 赖氨酰氧化酶macrocytic anemia，macrocyte 巨红细胞macroelement 宏量元素Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病magnesium 镁maize 玉米malathion，Karbofos 马拉硫磷malnutrition 营养不良mammitis，mastitis 乳房炎management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理management of food poisoning 食物中毒管理manganese 锰manibot utilissima 木薯marasmus 消瘦，消耗marine fish 海鱼matrix 基质maximum no-effect level （MNL）最大无作用量maximum probable number of coliform group 大肠菌群最近似数maximum no-effect dose 最大无作用剂量maximum residue limit 最高容许残留量maximum residue limit 最大残留限量meat factor 肉类因子medium lethal dose （LD50）半数致死量megajoule 兆焦megaloblastic anemia，megalobast 巨幼红细胞melanin 黑色素mercury 汞metabolic antagonist 代谢拮抗物metabolic half-life （Ti）代谢半衰期metabolism 代谢metabolism test of xenobiotics 外来化合物代谢试验Metagonimus Yokogawai 横川后殖吸虫Metallic toxicant 金属毒物metallothionein，MT 金属硫蛋白methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白血症methemoglobin reductase 高铁血红蛋白还原酶methionine 蛋氨酸methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate （MBC）多菌灵methylene blue 亚甲蓝，美蓝3-methyleholanthrene（3-MCA）3-甲基胆蒽4-methylimidazole 4-甲基咪唑Micrococcus 微球菌属Micrococcus roseum 玫瑰微球菌microelement 微量元素micronucleus test 微核试验microsome mediated assay 微粒体间介试验millet 小米milk curd 凝乳milker 挤奶器milk sugar，lactose 乳糖mineral 无机盐minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimium observed adverse effect level （LOAEL）最小可见损害作用水平miscible calcium pool混溶钙池mite 螨类mitochondrion 线粒体mixed polysaccharide 杂多糖moisture absorption 吸湿性molasses 糖蜜mollusc 软体动物molybdenum 铝monascorubin 红粬红素Monascus purpureus 紫红粬霉moniliformin 串珠镰刀菌素Monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶monoglyceride 单酸甘油脂monosacchavide 单糖monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠，味精monomethylhydrazine 甲基联氨monounsaturated 单不饱和的monuron，N′-（P-chlorophenyl）-N，N-dimethylurea 灭草隆moral rule 道德规范mottling of teeth 斑牙症mouse 鼠类mouse unit，MU 小鼠单位Mucor 毛霉属mung bean 绿豆muscarine 毒蝇碱muscimol 毒蝇母mutagenicity test 致突变试验myoglobin 肌红蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白myristic acid 豆蔻酸NADH-dehydrogenase 还原型辅酶I脱氢酶β-N-（γ-L-glutamyl）-aminopropionitrile β-N- （γ-L-谷氨酰基）氨基丙腈naringin dihydrochalcone 柚苷二氢查耳酮natural radioactive background 天然放射性本底natural radionuclide 天然放射性核索negative nitrogen balance 负氮平衡neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮neo-solaniol 新茄病镰刀菌烯醇net protein utilization 蛋白质净利用率neurotoxicant 神经毒neurotoxic esterase 神经毒素酶neutral fat 中性脂肪new resources of food 食物新资源niacin 烟酸，尼克酸，维生素PPnicotinic acid 尼克酸nickel 镍night blindness 夜昼（症）nisin 乳酸链球苗肽nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrite poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrogen soluble index （NSI）氮溶解指数nitrophen，2，4-dichloro-1-（4′-nitrophenoxy）benzene 除草醚nivalenol 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，瓜萎镰菌醇nivalenol diacetate 二醋酸雪腐镰刀菌烯醇N-nitramine N-硝胺N-nitrosamide N-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamidine N-亚硝基脒N-nitrosamine N-亚硝胺N-nitroso carbaryl N—亚硝西维因N-nitroso-compound N-亚硝基化合物N-nitrosodiethanolamine 二乙醇-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosodiethylamine 二乙基-N-亚硝胺N-nltrosodimethylamine 二甲基-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosomorpholine N-亚硝基吗啉N-nitrosopiperazidine（N-nitrosopiperazine）N-亚硝基哌嗪N-nitrosopiperidine N-亚磺基哌啶N-niterosopyrrolidine N-亚硝基吡咯烷N-nitroso sugar amino acids N-亚硝基糖氨基酸N-nitrosourea N-亚硝基脲non-essential amino acid 非必需氨基酸non-fermented tea 未发酵茶no-observed-adverse-effect level（NOAEL）无明显损害作用水平no-observed-effect level（NOEL）无明显作用水平norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素nordihydroguaiaretic acid 去甲二氢愈创木酸γ-N-oxalyl-L-α，β-diaminobutyric acid γ-N-草酰-L-α，β-二氨基丁酸β-N-oxalyl-L-α，β-diaminopropionic acidβ-N-草酰-L-α，β-二氨基丙酸nucleotide 核苷酸nutrient 营养素nutritional ecology 营养生态学nutritional hygiene 营养卫生学nutritional iron deficiency anemia，IDA 营养缺铁性贫血nutritional marasmus 营养消瘦症nutritional requirement 营养素生理需要量nutritional surveillance 营养监测obesity 肥胖，肥胖症ochratoxin 赭曲霉毒素oils 油类oilseed cake 油籽饼oil-seed meal 油籽饼粉one-carbon unit 一碳单位onion 洋葱，葱头Opisthorchis felineus 猫后皋吸虫Opisthorchis（clonorchis）sinensis 华支睾吸虫opium 鸦片opsin 视蛋白Oranoleptic indicator 感官指标organelle 细胞器organoarsenic 有机砷organomercury 有机汞organophosphorus 有机磷osmotic pressure 渗透压ossification 骨化（作用）osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteomalacia 骨软化（症）osteoporosis 骨质疏松症o-sulfobenzoic acid 邻磺基苯甲酸overweight 超重oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidation 氧化oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oyster palmitic acid 软脂酸Panaeolus 花褶伞属pantothenic acid，pantothen 泛酸Paragonismus westermani 卫氏并殖吸虫Paramecium caudatum 尾草履虫Parathion，Thiophos，1605 对硫磷parathyroid hormone，parathyrin 甲状旁腺素pasterpowderlayer（a1eurone layer）糊粉层pasteurization 巴氏消毒法patulin 展青霉素pectin transeliminase 果胶反排除酶pellagra 糙皮症，玉米红斑病Penicillium 青霉菌属peptide 肽，肽段peracetic acid 过氧乙酸peristalsis 蠕动pesticide 农药pest to store （store pests）仓库虫害peripheral nutrition，PPN 外周静脉营养phallotoxins 毒伞七肽类Phaseolus vulgaris L .四季豆，莱豆角，芸豆角phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phenylketonuria，PKU 苯丙酮尿症phospholipid 磷脂phorate，E13911 甲拌磷，（3911）phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂phosphorus 磷phosvitin 卵黄高磷蛋白Photobacterium phosphorescens 磷光发光菌Phycomycetes 藻菌纲physical expansion 物理性膨胀（罐头）physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor 生理透明质酸抑制剂physiological nutrition requirment 营养生理需要量phytate 植酸盐phytic acid 植酸phytohemagglutinin （PHA）植物凝血素Pichia 毕赤酵母属pigeon chest 鸡胸Plankton 浮游生物plant 植物plant growth regulator 植物生长调节素plant sterol 植物固醇plastic can 塑料罐头platelet stickness 血小板粘结poliomyelitis virus 小儿麻痹症病毒polonium 钋polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH）多环芳烃类polyoxyethylene ether 聚氧乙烯醚polysaccharide polymerase 多糖聚合酶polyunsaturated fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪酸ponceau 4R 胭脂红，丽春红4Rpoppy 罂粟porphyria 紫质症porphyrin 卟啉positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡potassium 钾practical residue limit 实际残留限量prandial 膳食的precursor 前体物preservative 防腐剂press 压榨Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属propylgallate 没食子酸丙酯prostaglandin 前列腺素protease 蛋白酶protective effect 防护作用protein 蛋白质protein concentrate 浓缩蛋白protein efficiency ratio 蛋白质功效比值protein-energy malnutrition，PEM 蛋白质热能缺乏性营养不良protein isolate 分离蛋白protein sparing action 蛋白质节约作用Proteus变形杆菌属proteus food poisoning 变形杆菌食物中毒puckery 味涩putrescine 腐胺pyridoxine 吡哆醇，维生素B6pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrrolidine alkaloids 吡咯烷生物碱类radioactive pollution 放射性污染（公害）radioactive contamination 放射性污染radionuclide 放射性核素radium 镭rational diet 合理膳食recommended daily dietary allowance（RDA）推荐每日膳食供给量recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议red bean 赤豆reductase 还原酶reference men and women 参考人reproduction test 繁殖试验reproduction test by feeding 喂养繁殖试验requirement 需要量residue 残留resistin 抵抗素respiratory chain 呼吸链retinoic acid 视黄酸retinol 视黄醇retinol equivalent 视黄醇当量Rhizopus 根霉属rhodanase 硫氰酸酶Rhodophyllus 粉褶辈属Rhodotorula 红酵母属riboflavin 核黄素，维生素B2ribosome 核糖体rice 稻米rice weevil 米象ricin 蓖麻毒素，蓖麻毒蛋白ricinine 蓖麻碱ricinism 蓖麻中毒Ricinus communis L. 蓖麻rickets 佝偻病rodenticide 杀鼠药Rogor，dimethoate，Roxion 乐果Rosaceae 蔷薇科rubropunctatin 红斑素rye 黑麦saccharin 糖精Saccharomyces 酵母属safe crop period 安全收割期，安全施药间隔期safety coefficient 安全系数safflower 红花safrole 黄樟素saliva 唾液salivery amylase 唾液淀粉酶Salmonella 沙门菌属salt 食盐sampling 采样saponin 皂素，皂甙sassafras 黄樟树satiety 饱腹感saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸scenedemine 栅列藻scopolamine 东莨菪碱，莨菪胺scurvy 坏血病sea crab 海蟹seed husk 种皮selenium 硒semi-fermented tea 半发酵茶Serratia 沙雷菌属serratia marcesens 粘质沙雷菌Sevin，Carbaryl 西维因sexual infantilism 性幼稚型shelflife 货架寿命shigella sonnei 宋内志贺菌shihimic acid 毒八角酸short term toxicity test 短期毒性试揸silicon 硅single cell protein （SCP）单细胞蛋白sister-chromatid exchange assay 姐妹染色单体互换试验sitoesterol 谷固醇skatole 甲基吲哚（粪臭素）small for gestational age infant （SGAI）足月小样儿soaking 浸泡social nutrition 社会营养sodium copper chlorophyll 叶绿素铜钠盐sodium hydrosulfite 连二亚硫酸钠sodium hyposulfite 硫代硫酸钠sodium nitrite 亚硝酸钠sodium pyrosulfite 焦亚硫酸钠sodium selenite 亚硒酸钠。