医学英语

第二章21页
1．We consider it wise to stress the important of prevention.
我们认为强调预防的重要性是很明智的。

2．Students find it difficult to depict briefly the organ systems.
学生们发现将要的描述一下气管系统是很困难的。

3．The thin walls of capillaries make it possible that fluid can pass through them into calls. 毛细血管的薄壁是液体可通过这些血管进入细胞。

4．The example has made it clear that any heavy bleeding should be stopped immediately. 这个例子已经说明，任何大出血都应该立即阻止。

5．The esophagus is a long tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach.
食管是连接咽和喉的长管子。

6．The substances that cannot be absorbed into the blood are eliminated from the body. 不能吸收如血液的物质被排除体外。

7．Accessory organs secrete chemicals that aid in digestion.
附属器官分泌帮助消化的化学物。

8．The urinary system plays a role in regulating the amount of salt and water that are contained with the body.
泌尿系统在调节体内盐、水含量方面起作用。

1．Survival depends on a constant supply of food and oxygen. The former enters the body through the digestive system, while the latter gains entry through the respiratory system.
生存依靠供应食物和氧气。

前者经由消化系统进入人体，而后者则经呼吸系统进入人体。

2．The digestive system comprises a long tube called the digestive tract, also known as the gastrointestinal tract. The organs composing the digestive system are: the mouth, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the smell and large intestines. In addition, there are also accessory organs, such as the liver, the pancreas and the salivary glands.
消化系统包括一根长管子叫做消化道。

它又叫做肠胃道。

构成消化系统的器官有：口、咽、食管、胃，以及大小肠等。

此外，还有附属器官，像肝、胰腺和唾液腺等。

3．Like a subway the circulatory system conveys necessary substances to all parts of the body and removes from it the waste products. It is composed of the blood, blood vessels and the heart. The heart enables the blood to keep moving around the body through beating.
像地铁一样，循环系统把所需要的物质运送到人体各个部位而把废料排出体外。

它是由血液、血管和心脏做组成。

心脏通过搏动是血液能沿全身不断运行。

第三章32页
The human body depends on a stable internal environment in which the cell can live and carry out their functions.
人体依赖一个稳定的、细胞能在其中生活及行使功能的内环境。

2．Proteins are the building materials from which the body cells are formed.
蛋白质是人体赖以构成人体细胞的建筑材料。

3．There still some disease against which the doctor is powerless.
仍然有一些疾病医生感到无能为力。

4．Biology, chemistry and physics are the basic sciences on which medicine is based.
生物、化学、物理是作为医学基础基本科学。

5．The heart keeps on beating so that blood may be bumped to all parts of the body.
心脏不停地跳动，这样血液就能被汞送至人体各部。

6．A serious laboratory tests must be carried out so that a correct diagnosis may be made.
必须进行一系列的化验，以便做出正确的诊断。

7．During exercise the demand for oxygen is increased, so that breathing becomes rapid and deep.
运行期间，需氧增加，呼吸就变得快而深。

8．The walls of alveoli are very thin so that both oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily get through.
肺泡壁很薄，养和二氧化碳都很容易通过。

1. Respiration is the taking in of oxygen and giving off the carbon dioxide .Nearly all living things must perform these functions to maintain life. The breathing of human being is one form of respiration, called external respiration. The exchange the gases between the blood and other tissues in the body is another form of respiration, called internal respiration, or tissue respiration.
呼吸就是摄取氧气和排除二氧化碳。

几乎所有生命体都必须实行这一功能已维持生命。

人的呼吸是呼吸的一种，称为外呼吸。

血液与人体其他组织之间的气体交换是另一种呼吸，叫做内呼吸，或组织呼吸。

2.All living cells need oxygen in order to carry out their various functions .The functions stop quickly if the supply of oxygen fails .All living cells also produce carbon dioxide as a waste product .The carbon in food is combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide plus heat and energy.
所有活细胞都需要氧气以执行各种功能。

如果氧气供应中断，这些功能就会迅速停止。

所有活细胞也都产生作为废物的二氧化碳。

食物中的碳与氧相结合形成二氧化碳再加上热和能量。

第七章76页
1. It is thought that phagocytes have the power to kill pathogens.
据认为噬细胞有杀死治病菌的能力。

2. It is believed that the rate of metabolism varies with sex and age.
据信代谢率随性别和年龄变化。

3. It has been found that fever is a defensive reaction of the body.
现已发现，发热是人体的一种防疫反应。

4．It has been shown that blood is much more than a simple fluid.
已经显示，血液远不是一种简单的液体。

5．If blood should stop clotting, a person would bleed to death even in the case of a slight injury.
如果血液不能凝固，一个人即使轻度外伤也会流血致死。

6．In case the wrong type of blood should be transfused, death would be result in a few minutes.
万一输用了错误的血型的血，几分钟里就会招致死亡。

7．If blood circulation should be cut off, all vital life functions would stop.
要是血循环中止的话，所有的重要的生命功能都将停止。

8．If a doctor should be careless, somebody would pay dearly for it.
如果医生粗心大意，有人将为此付出昂贵的代价。

Blood is transportation system of the body, whose job is to transport nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carry wastes away from them. In addition，it does many other important jobs .
血液是人体的运输系统，它的工作就是把养料和氧气运送到体细胞并把废物运走。

此外，它还做许多别的重要工作。

2．Blood is a unique type of connective tissue composed of two parts and a solid portion. The liquid part of blood is a fluid called the plasms, in which is suspended a solid part, or the blood cells.
血液是一种独特的缔结组织，有液体和固体这两部分组成。

血液的液体部分就是一种体液就做血浆，其中悬浮着固体部分，既血细胞。

Three main kinds of blood cells, or formed elements as they are sometimes called, are recognized: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. They differ from each other in appearance , shape ,number ,and function .Red blood cells are smaller but much more numerous in number than the white ones, about 500:1 . Their function is to carry oxygen to all parts the body, and they are therefore referred to as the body‘s oxygen –carriers, while blood cells work as soldiers of the body, defending it against invading pathogens. As
to platelets, they in blood clotting, without which a person would bleed to death even from a slight injury.
经辨认出有三大类细胞，即有时所谓的“有形成分”：红细胞、白细胞和血小板。

三者在外貌、形状、数量和功能方面各不相同。

红细胞较白细胞小，但为数多得多，二者比例为500:1。

红细胞的功能就是把氧运往人体各部，因此被说成是人体的携氧者。

白细胞起着人体卫兵的作用，保护人体不受入侵病原体的危害。

血小板则有助于血凝固，要是没有这种功能，一个人即使轻度外伤也会流血致死。

第八章（88页）
1．The space inside the vessel may narrow gradually because of progressive thickening and hardening of the arteries.
由于动脉的渐进增厚和变硬，血管内的空间可逐渐变窄。

2．Abnormal heart sound may be heard because of congenital defects, disease, or physiologic variations.
由于先天性缺损、疾病或生理变异，可能会听到不正常的心音。

3．Some chronically ill patients can be affectively treated without being admitted to hospital.
有些慢性病患者无需入院，就能得到有效地治疗。

4．Before being discharged from hospital, the patient was told to have his chest x-rayed. 在获准出院前，病人又做了一次胸透。

5．This drug can keep certain vitamins from being absorbed by the body.
这些药物会阻止某些维生素被身体吸收。

6．No transfusion should be given without knowing the blood type.
未知血型不能进行任何输血。

7．Few ever reach adult life without having had measles.
很少有人到达常年为尚未得过麻疹。

8．After have broken through the body’s first line of defense, invading microbes still have two others to overcome.
突破了人体第一道防线后，入侵细菌还有另外两道防线要攻克。

1.Ateriosclerosis is a degeneration of the wall of the artery .Deposits of fatty materials and calcium narrow the arteries and roughen their normally smooth lining .These deposits cause cells in the artery walls to break down .As a result ,the artery wall becomes hard rough and narrow.
动脉硬化是动脉壁的变形。

脂肪物质和钙的沉积使动脉变窄，通常光滑的内衬变得粗糙。

这些沉积物使得动脉壁中的细胞失去功效。

结果是动脉壁变硬、变粗、变窄。

2. The coronary arteries, which nourish the heart muscle itself, are more frequently affected by arteriosclerosis than any other arteries. Hardening of these arteries reduces the heart’s blood supply, and may cause a pain in the chest known as angina
pectoris .The rough surface of the wall, together with the sluggish flow of blood through the narrowed channels, may cause a blood clot to form .A clot of this type is called a thrombus .A thrombus may break away from the place where it formed and be carried in the bloodstream .A moving clot is called an embolus .A thrombus an embolus may block an artery altogether .A blocked artery in the brain cause a stroke .Blockage in a coronary artery cause a heart attack.
为心肌提供营养的冠状动脉比其他任何动脉都更经常地受动脉硬化的影响。

这些动脉变硬的减小心脏的血液供应，可引起叫做心绞痛的胸部疼痛。

管壁的粗糙表面，以及血液在通过变窄时的缓慢流动，可造成血块形成。

这样的血块叫做血栓。

血栓可脱离他形成的地方，进入血流之中。

移动的血块叫栓子。

血栓和栓子可完全柱塞一根动脉。

脑中动脉的阻塞造成中风；冠状动脉阻塞造成心脏病变突发。