中国居民收入差距问题研究

本科生毕业论文

中国居民收入差距问题研究

姓名______________________________________ 学号______________________________________ 专业__________________ 经济学_____________ 指导教师___________________________________

摘要

改革开放30 多年来，随着经济体制改革的深化，中国经济取得了快速发展，人民生活水平也得到了大幅度的提高，人民生活总体程度上达到小康水平。但是中国居民收入差距却日益扩大。当前收入差距呈现出一种全面的、多层次的扩大趋势，如城乡居民收入差距的扩大、行业之间的收入差距的扩大、东部与中西部之间的收入差距的扩大等。这不仅有制度、经济方面的因素，也有自然、历史方面的因素。一定程度的收入差距会促进资源的优化配置和经济效率的提高最终促进经济的增长。合理的收入差距对经济的增长具有促进作用，过分扩大的收入差距对经济的增长会造成不利影响。然而，中国当前的基尼系数已远超出“警戒线”，收入差距已明显超出了合理的限度，加大了整个社会上的不平等，给经济的发展带来了一定程度上的负面影响。针对当前贫富差距的情况，解决好收入差距逐步扩大的问题，有利于扩大内需，促进经济健康和可持续发展，只有如此才能有利于社会的稳定和谐发展。

关键词：收入差距；现状；特点；原因；解决对策

Abstract

For more than 30 years after reform and opening -up, along with the deepening of economic system reform, our country's economy has achieved rapid development, people's living standard has been greatly improved, people have reacheda well-off level as a whole. However, income gap of the resident is widening. The current income gap presents a comprehensive and multi-level expansion trend, such as the expansion of income gap between urban and rural residents, the enlargement of income gap between industries, the expansion of the income gap between the east and mid-west, which is not only caused by system, economic factors but natural and historical factors. A certain level of income gap will promote the optimized allocation of resources，economic efficiency and economic growth ultimately. Reasonable incomegap has a promoting effect on economic growth while excessive income gap will do harm to economic growth. However, our current Gini-coefficient is far beyond the "red line" and income gap has apparently surpassed reasonable limits, which has increased the inequality of the whole society and brought negative impact to economic development to some extend，In view of current gap between the poor and the rich, solving the problem of expanding income gap is conductive to expanding domestic need and promoting a healthy and sustainableeconomic development, only in this way, can we do good to social stability and harmonious development.

Key Words: income gap; present situation; reasons and solutions

目录

引言 (1)

一、中国居民收入差距的现状分析及特点 (1)

（一）收入差距的含义 (2)

（二）收入差距的现状分析及的特点 (2)

1．区域之间收入差距扩大 (2)

2．城乡之间收入差距扩大 (4)

3. 各行业之间收入差距扩大 (4)

二、中国居民收入差距扩大的影响 (5)

（一）对消费的影响 (6)

1．区域之间收入差距扩大对消费的影响 (6)

2. 城乡之间收入差距扩大对消费的影响 (7)

3．各行业之间收入差距扩大对消费的影响 (8)

（二）对社会政治稳定的影响 (8)

（三）对社会整体素质提高的影响 (8)

三、中国居民收入差距原因分析 (8)

（一）社会因素 (9)

1. 收入分配制度不够完善 (9)

2. 二元经济结构的影响 (9)

3. 法律的缺陷和政策的保护 (9)

（二）经济因素 (9)

1. 经济发展的规律 (9)

2. 国家经济发展规划的政策影响 (10)

3. 产业结构的调整和升级 (10)

（三）自然、历史因素 (10)

四、缩小收入差距，扩大消费需求 (10)

（一）建立公平、统一的劳动市场 (10)

（二）完善收入分配制度和社会保障制度 (11)

（三）大力发展教育，提高劳动者素质 (11)

（四）建立公平、平等的市场，促进行业间的竞争 (11)

（五）建立调节居民收入差距的政策调控体系 (12)