托福阅读十大题型技巧
托福阅读技巧完整版ppt课件
According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
According to the paragraph, X occurred because…
According to the paragraph, X did Y because…
高分技巧 2
Negative factual information questions (非事实信息题 / 否定事实信息题)
问题形式:又称EXCEPT 列举题,即排除列举题。要求判断 哪些信息的是对的(true),哪些信息是错的(false),哪 些是未提及的(not given)。
题目中常会见大写的“NOT”或“EXCEPT”
真题演练 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
直接对比推理
段2:Some nations, especially those who colors and emblems date back several hundred years, have different flags for different official uses. For example, the flag of Poland is a simple rectangle with a white upper half and red lower half. The …
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的,应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失,增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
托福阅读解题七大技巧
托福阅读解题七大技巧对于大部分人来说,托福考试的时间是非常有限的,如何以最有效的方式完成托福阅读对于托福分数的提升是非常重要的。
理想的托福阅读答题时间是控制在大约15到17分钟,这样就有时间快速检查一下。
在这里要特别注意:一个是托福阅读考试是考察你快速阅读的能力;二,你能够快速理解文章传达的思想和主题,这种理解无需很详细,深入地了解该段落或其技术含义,但需要全面了解。
要在托福阅读考试中取得好成绩,这里还是有一些阅读的技巧可以参考学习。
托福阅读解题七大技巧一、通读文章识“大体”通读是为了更好的掌握文章的线索和主旨,后面再以稍慢的速度再次阅读它。
这一次,投入更多时间来掌握所提出的观点和论点。
这将有助于在回答问题时找到文章中的答案。
二、有舍有得不拘泥避免浪费时间去深挖某个单词确切含义,通常,可以通过上下文的联系推断某个单词的大概意思,专注于能够回答问题而不是理解文章中的每一个单词。
通过查看该段中的一般性讨论以及通过特定句子提出的观点,尝试理解不熟悉的单词的含义。
三、专业性技术词词汇巧标记机考的时候,专业性技术词汇鼠标悬停时,有些能够看到这些单词的含义。
仔细检查不熟悉的技术词是否加了下划线,这样就不会浪费时间去猜测它们的含义。
四、问题通常遵循时间顺序一般问题的顺序跟文章是一致的,意味着你应该能够在文章开头找到第一个问题的答案,依此类推。
按照这个思路可以减少搜索段落所需的时间,将注意力集中在每个问题上。
这点可注意。
五、识别目的懂逻辑在阅读时,要线理解这篇文章的目的是什么,是涉及因果关系,对比,分类,提出问题及其解决方案,或者是叙述。
了解这一点可以让您更轻松地遵循通道中的逻辑思维流程,从而简化快速定位答案的过程。
六、快慢结合切忌太快很多考生犯的一个常见错误就是读得太快,错过了问题中“不”或“除外”等关键词。
先阅读问题,然后重新阅读文章,以避免这些错误。
忽略过渡词会导致理解意思上发生大的偏差。
七、最后一题多总结最后一个问题通常要求你理解这篇文章所传达的主要思想和总结性的。
托福阅读题型详解:分类与解题技巧
托福阅读题型详解:分类与解题技巧2023年,随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及,托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。
而在托福考试中,阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。
本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解,帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。
一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分,一般分为三大类:细节题、推理题和总结题,下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧:1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。
所谓细节,便是文章中一些具体的,表层的,量化的或可操作的信息。
细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。
具体而言,托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型:A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分,找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。
解题技巧和句子理解题类似,要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系,深入理解文章的主旨和重点。
B. 词汇细节题一般而言,该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中,要求考生根据所在的段落,结合上下文的意思和语境,准确理解生词的含义。
有时候,在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配,考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫,正确把握词义。
C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索,回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。
在答题过程中,重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。
2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系,推断出答案。
与细节题相比,推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。
具体而言,托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型:A. 推断态度题在此类题目中,通常会给出某人的语境或情况,要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景,推断出这个人的态度。
此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色,关注思想,性格,语气等方面的具体表现,以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。
B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子,要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。
托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解
托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解(实用版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文,如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解, 高分难点题型如何保证正确率,今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面本店铺就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
十大技巧教你识破出题人意图
360教育集团介绍,托福阅读考试题,每道题都有着出题人的考点意图,所以看清题,读懂题是必须的。
做好每一道题,首先要明白出题人的意图,或者我们可以理解为“题型”,而托福阅读的每种题型的问法提法都有各自的特点,下面我们就来看看这10大类型的题有着怎样的特点,以及怎样找答案。
一、列举和并列句列举指的是: First,... Second,... Third,.。
等逐条列出。
并列句是指:A ,B and C,即逐项列出。
它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。
该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”,主要有两种:1. Which 题型该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案,其它条目与题目无关。
在这种情况下,往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项。
2 . EXCEPT 题型该题型俗称“三缺一”题型,即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容,剩下一个不符合,题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。
例如: All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句,这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的,也就是并列或列举之处。
利用这一特点。
我们在读文章的时候就可多留意,如看到并列、列举句,可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型,则应到并列、列举处找答案。
二、否定及转折句托福听力段落题型及解题要点如何用逆向搜索法得高分如何提高托福听力水平否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT , NEVER 等否定词的句子,而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER , BUT 或RATHER 等关联词引导的句子,它们可以用下面的句型说明: A is not B , as C , but is D 。
对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。
三、举例句句中由 as 或 such as , for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句,常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。
托福阅读蒙题技巧大全
托福阅读蒙题技巧大全每当托福考试来临时,总有一些同学还没预备好,或者有同学对某一篇阅读的某一题难以下手,这时候猜题大法就派上用场了。
虽然说是猜,但也不是点兵点将那种纯靠运气的(方法),而是带有一丝技术含量的蒙题法。
奇怪吗,那就让我为你介绍一下吧。
托福阅读蒙题技巧1、用前、后缀猜想词义英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last。
overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有超过、过于之意,overwork意思是工作过多,劳累过度。
再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。
英语中常用的前缀还有:mis-错,误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中心:midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反对:antibody 抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:1)You must stop dreaming and face reality。
(-ty为名词的标志)2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize, modernize)2、利用合成词猜想词义Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun。
依据(短语)构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题托福阅读大家都想能更好地把题目做对,不过托福阅读题型还是很多的,不同的托福阅读题也有着不同的解决办法,具体该如何做呢?下面介绍的就是一种很常见的题目:推理题,希望能给大家一些好的建议。
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题无论是OG还是Delta,都把阅读的题目分成十类,即:Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences, Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.还有很重要的一点,做题的时候,无论考试还是练习,不光要分析对的选项为什么对,更要分析错的选项为什么错。
有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。
有助于你把握出题的思路,培养感觉。
这是非常有用的。
五、推断题应该说推断题属于难度比较大,混淆选项比较难排除的一种。
但如果掌握一定的技巧也不是无章可循。
OG的说明是:如果文章提到结果,很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较,很可能问你比较的基础;正确答案不是文章明显提到的,而是明显可以推出来的。
最重要的一句话就是:You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to explicitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected。
托福英语阅读技巧汇总
托福英语阅读技巧汇总大家在做托福阅读的时候有没有想过,要是有什么好〔方法〕让我做的又快又精确就好了。
今日我就给你带来托福〔英语阅读〕技巧汇总,希望对你们有关怀。
托福英语阅读技巧1一、托福阅读方法1. 精读的方法精读是指认真地阅读〔文章〕中的每一句话,把握〔句子〕的含义,弄清句子间的规律关系,从而理解整段话甚至全文的内容。
精读的基础主要是词汇量和语法。
在阅读理解中主要表达在长难句的理解上。
假如这些句子影响对文章的理解,就必需要花费较长的时间认真阅读,以求获得精确的理解。
2. 意群阅读法语言是用来传递信息的,阅读的目的就是为了获取信息,因此只要能够精确地把握信息即可。
要想在比较短的时间内把握足够多的信息,我们就必需学会意群阅读法。
这就要求我们在阅读的时候不要把留意力放在每一个单词上,而是要以意群(主要包括词组、固定搭配和完好的句意组合)为单位,将留意力放在关键词上,从而把握该句所表达的含义。
二、托福阅读技巧1. 把握词义阅读过程中我们不免会遇到生词,有些考生在阅读中一遇到生词就停下来查字典,这种方法是不正确的。
有些词确实会影响到理解,查字典当然是一种方法,但是频繁地查字典不仅会影响阅读速度,还会影响对文章整体内容的理解。
所以,考生在平常要学会处理阅读中的生词,把握猜测生词的方法。
2. 理清结构阅读时,要先区分清楚文章的体裁,理清文章的结构,把握主旨大意,找出文章的主题句。
理清文章结构有助于考生从整篇文章考虑,选出正确答案,避开因考虑不周或考虑片面而造成理解上的偏差。
阅读文章后的问题一般也是依据文章结构顺序提出的,所以理清文章结构还有助于考生在尽量短的时间内找到问题的答案。
3. 分析选项学会分析选项对于提高阅读分数有着重要的意义。
阅读选项的干扰项可能是下面几种状况:1)与文章详情部分相同、部分相悖;2)选项本身是正确的,但不是问题的答案,不符合题干的要求;3)与常识相符合,但在文章中没有提及;4)明显与文章信息不符等等。
新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧
新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧新托福阅读相比较老托福阅读增加了词汇量,难度也增加了一些,对于考生们来说正确的复习计划和方法可以让备考变得事半功倍。
首先第一步便是要了解新托福阅读分数换算,店铺今天给大家带来了新托福阅读分数对照表以及一些复习的技巧,一起来看下吧新托福阅读分数对照表以及答题技巧托福阅读总共有3篇文章如遇到加试,则随机3篇文章算分,另1篇文章不算分。
每篇文章700个字,对应14道题目。
其中,13道题是基础信息和推断题,每道题1分。
最后一道题是小结题,俗称大题,满分2分。
大题一般情况下是6选3,3个选项错一个扣一分,扣完为止,即在答题中错2或3个选项,这个题目不得分。
因此,每篇文章对应14个题目,共15分。
为了让大家了解iBT考试的思路和方法,以及题型的设计。
店铺总结出了一些新托福阅读出题的基本思路,和10种基本题型,以及应对10种题型的技巧。
an academic environment---越来越偏向于学术的讨论,越来越像IELTS的Academic类考试reading---a variety of different subjectspassages---3 different categories based on author purpose:1. Exposition2. Argumentation3. Historical你需要了解general organization of the passage_classification_comparison/contrast_cause/effect_problem/solution每篇阅读的平均字数是700,当然根据考试的实际情况,可多可少iBT的阅读有10种题型,下面我们一种一种的来回顾:经验:第1、5种题型,占的分量最多,难度也不大,要保证一个也不错第9种和第10种题目,难度最大,想取得高分,必须要多做综合练习剩下的题型也很重要,想取得高分,一个都不能少1. Factual Information Questions这样的题目,一般来说mentioned only in part of the passage. 答题的信息就在段落的1,2句话中。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法在托福阅读考试中,有好的训练方法和一定量的解题技巧,可以为你的托福阅读得到高分。
那具体这些解题技巧和方法我们应该如何应用到平时的练习中去呢?下面小编就为大家整理了这些,希望可以帮助到大家,快来一起学习吧。
详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法1.每一篇文章第一次做时,尽量按照考试速度要求做。
2.做完后,接下来就要认真把文章读一遍,划出把文章里不懂的单词和长难句,查出单词意思,(借助语法知识)认真分析长难句,同时还要把错题(包括碰巧猜对的题目)认真分析,特别是OG和汉客笔记的题目(还有北极星最后几套ETS出的题目),一定要把题目涉及的文章内容仔细看,甚至在文章中划出涉及考题的内容,培养对易出题的考点的感觉,甚至揣摩ETS的出题思路。
等到这些工作都做完,这篇文章也就基本吃透了,这时再重新把文章读一遍,最好多读两遍。
这个过程其实就是精读了。
只要时间允许,做过一次的阅读文章最好都尽量精读,吃透它。
光作对题只是一个浅显的要求,就像只顾吃饭,对材料认真分析、精读才是真正消化吸收。
3.等过了三五天,或者两三周以后,有空的话再把这篇文章看(做)一遍,作为巩固,复习,而且有时还会温故知新。
P.S 如果时间不足,OG的文章是一定要精读的,而且题目也要仔细研究,这是出题思路和考试最为接近的资料。
这些原则在新托福阅读其实也是同样适用的,只要文章中出现如下内容,都要引起注意:举例证明,罗列式例举,转折(否定),因果,下定义,比较级(最高级),同位语(插入语),数字年代,特殊标点(引号,破折号等)。
阅读具体的做题顺序阅读最基本的做题顺序有两种:先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题它们又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序:读一段文章,做相应的题目,然后再读一段,再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题对于广大非牛来说,可能“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”会比较合适,读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构,做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收,从而不利于做总结题,也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。
托福阅读技巧完整版
托福阅读技巧完整版托福阅读是中国考生备考托福考试过程中最关键的一项内容。
阅读是托福考试最长的一个时间段,题量较多,题型多样,所以备考时需要制定合理的备考计划,并针对不同题型掌握相应的解题技巧。
以下是托福阅读技巧的完整版:1.改变阅读角度:在备考托福阅读时,需要摒弃中文思维方式,改变思维模式。
学会用英文思考,避免首先去理解中文翻译或词汇意思。
托福阅读的时间比较紧张,需要学会快速阅读。
在备考过程中,可以通过刻意练习来提高阅读速度。
可以使用计时器或者在线练习工具进行练习。
3.增强阅读词汇量:阅读词汇量是托福阅读的基础,通过增加词汇量来提高阅读理解能力。
可以通过背单词、多读英文材料、做词汇练习题等方法来扩大词汇量。
4.注重文章结构和段落关系:托福阅读文章有一定的结构和段落之间的逻辑关系,阅读时要注意抓住文章的主题句和段落之间的关联。
可以通过划线或者做笔记来帮助理解文章结构。
5.掌握文化背景知识:托福阅读中有一部分文章会涉及到一些特定的文化背景知识,备考时可以针对一些常见的文化背景进行学习和了解。
7.多做阅读练习题:托福阅读题型多样,备考时需要多做不同类型的阅读练习题。
可以从官方教材、模拟试题集等练习材料中选择合适的题目进行练习。
8.制定备考计划:备考托福阅读需要制定合理的备考计划。
可以根据自己的时间和能力情况,合理安排每天的备考时间,并制定具体的备考目标。
9.多做模拟考试:模拟考试是检验备考成果的有效方法,可以通过模拟考试来检验自己的备考情况,并找出备考中的问题和不足之处。
可以选择一些官方的模拟试题或者在线模考平台进行练习。
10.注重综合能力培养:托福阅读考察的不仅仅是阅读理解能力,还需要发展综合能力,比如写作能力、逻辑思维能力等。
备考时可以多读英文原著、参加英语角等活动来提高综合能力。
以上就是托福阅读技巧的完整版。
希望以上内容对您备考托福阅读有所帮助!。
做托福阅读题有哪些不错的技巧
万事万物没有绝对!我认为如果考生的语言水平不错,那其实先读文章和先读题目差别不大,殊途同归嘛。However,如果考生觉得自己的英语还有待提高,而又急着要考托福的话,那么在做阅读的时候还是先读题目,找出关键信息,然后再读文章一一搜索信息。
托福阅读:推理题目如何找信息点
托福阅读备考四大误区 该先读文章还是问题?
在进行托福阅读备考时有四大托福阅读备考误区,在这里列举四大托福阅读备考误区,是希望能够引起大家的关注,一定要避免出现这些错误。
同学在复习的时候喜欢做一些市面上很火的模拟题,有同学能把模拟题做得几乎全对,而遇到真实考试却遭遇滑铁卢。专家建议托福考友还是要以剑桥真题系列为主,不要仅仅满足把题做对,更要花功夫理解跟解题相关的句子,对于层次高的同学希望大家能归纳下真题文章每段大意,这也是托福阅读高分同学共享的秘方。
3、集合概念推理:一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之,相同。这个比较抽象,我们来看一个例子:
例如:Both the number and the percentageof people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuitsexpanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war,with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domainsof transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.
TOEFL阅读理解之十大题型PPT课件
7
② Sentence Simplification questions
句子简化题与细节题在本质上类似,都是对原句的改写 句子简化题应注意两点:文间逻辑关系一致;核心信息点
一致 问题形式:Which of the following best expresses the
essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
According to the passage, why did states need private companies’ help in road building?
A. The states were unable to build roads themselves financially B. Private companies could spend less time completing roads C. The states did not have as much equipment as private companies D. Private companies had more knowledge of the interior
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托福阅读十大题型简介
托福阅读十大题型简介阅读是托福考试中非常重要的一部分,能否做好阅读对于托福成绩有重要影响。
店铺为您带来托福阅读十大题型简介,希望对备考托福的同学有所帮助。
托福阅读十大题型简介一、图表题总结全文原则1、根据引导词先大定位2、匹配与引导词语义相关的选项,排除与引导词无关/错误的选项二、事实信息题同义改写原则1、读题干,找到其中的关键词2、根据关键词,定位到原文中的有效信息3、正确答案是原文有效信息的同意改写4、选项定位法,逐个击破三、否定事实信息题排除原则1、选项定位法2、核对题干信息四、修辞目的题细节原则1、看选项中的动词从文中找逻辑排除(demonstrate/contrast/refute…)2、重点看本句(细节题)前一两句(观点),关注段首句(段落观点)3、选择同义改写五、推断题排除原则1、根据原文有效信息选项定位法,逐个击破2、不可过分推,宁可推少,不可推多;宁可保守,都不过分推理3、思路上可以有取反或取非六、句子简化题逻辑对应原则1、正确选项必须包含原句主要信息(主干),修饰信息可删除,可同义改写,可概括总结;2、最好用的逻辑关系词对照:因果(原因对原因,结果对结果);转折让步比较(虽然对虽然,但是对但是)3、and前后信息有前必有后,不能缺失前后信息七、句子插入题承上启下原则先看插入句找线索,三大线索分别是代词,逻辑连接词和结构八、指代题联系上下文原则指代对象一般为前一句的主语或宾语(主优先于宾九、词汇题熟词直选原则认识单词直接选;不认识根据上下文的逻辑猜测十、六选三题总结观点原则1、全文主题2、一个或多个段落的主旨大意了解了托福阅读题型,解题方法需要考生灵活掌握,才能在托福考试中处变不惊。
托福阅读真题练习:美国历史托福阅读文本:During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seatsof power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffé College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significantcontributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.托福阅读题目:1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in earlyAmerican histories(B) The place ofAmerican women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown byAmerican women(D) The "great women" approach to history used by American historians2. The word "contemporary" in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtful(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women4. The word "celebratory" in line 12 means that the writingsreferred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author pointout?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likelyhave been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adams(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women'shistory materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles ofnineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians10. The word "representative" in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive托福阅读答案:BBBDB CCCDA托福阅读真题练习:人工孵化项目托福阅读文本:Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways toincrease egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growingembryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.托福阅读题目:1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C)Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4.According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5.According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nestallows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6.All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10.According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A)Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)托福阅读答案:DAACADCBCD CA。
托福阅读技巧 (细节题)
• 例文Online Test: Lascaux Cave Paintings(P6)
• Paragraph 6: Perhaps so much time has passed that there will never be satisfactory answers to the cave images, but their mystique only adds to their importance. Certainly a great art exists, and by its existence reveals that ancient human beings were not without intelligence, skill, and sensitivity.
托福阅读技巧
第一章 事实信息题
• 出题方式: • The author’s description of x mentions which of the following? • According to the paragraph, x occurred because… • According to the paragraph, x did y because… • According to the paragraph, why did x do y?
11. According to paragraph 6, why might the puzzling questions about the paintings never be answered? •Keeping the paintings a mystery will increase their importance. •The artists hid their tools with great intelligence and பைடு நூலகம்kill. •Too many years have gone by since the images were painted. •Answering the question is not very important to scholars.
TOEFL阅读十大题型精讲
试题结构阅读部分篇数时间文章长度问题数量Passage120分钟Approximately700 words12-14 个Passage2 & Passage340分钟Approximately700 words perset每篇12-14个Passage 4& Passage 5(遇加试时才有)40分钟Approximately700 words perset每篇12-14个TOEFL 阅读首堂课介绍• 1. what is TOEFL? why do you guys study TOEFL?• 2. what is TPO?• 3. what is pbt-cbt-ibt?• 4. what is OG?• 5. 托福阅读十大题型介绍+ 例题?• 6. 高分标准?•7. 教案思路?(词汇+ 语法+ 长难句+ 简单阅读)•8. 介绍上这门基础课的目的何在??学生学完这门课有什么收获??•9. “授渔”而非“授鱼”?一.事实信息题(Factual Information Questions )•①.问题形式:•According to the paragraph,which of following is true of X?•The author's discription of X mentions which of following?•According to the paragraph,X did Y because...•According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?•②.例题:•1790 saw the nation entering a new era of road development.Unable to finance road construction,states turnd for help to privatecompanies,organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in better communications with the interior.•According to the passage, why did states need private companies' help in road building?• a. the states were unable to build roads themselves financially.• b. private companies could spend less time completing roads.• c. the states did not have as much equipment as private companies.• d. private companies had more knowledge of the interior.二.指代题(Reference Questions)• .问题形式:The word (or phrase) X in the passage refers to ?(常考的代词有they,this, it, others, which等)。
托福十大题型
托福十大题型1. 事实信息题(Factual information)事实信息题是托福阅读中数量最多的题型,在每篇阅读文章中都会有3-6题为事实信息题。
这个题型如同其字面含义,就是考察大家对阅读文章中包含的各类信息的掌握程度。
这类题目的提问方式主要有两种,分别是:According to the paragraph,...?The author's description of X mentions which of the following?2. 否认事实信息题(Negative Factual Infomation)这个题型和上面的事实信息题正好相反,如果说事实信息题问的是文章里讲了什么,那么否认事实信息题问的就是文章里没讲没有提及什么。
这类题型的考察目的和事实信息题相同,也是考察考生对文章包含信息的了解。
每篇文章中这样的题目数量最多2题,也有可能1道都没有。
这个题型的提问方式是:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...3. 暗示推理题(Inference)这个题型同样问的是事实,但并不是文章直接提到的事实,而是需要考生结合文章给出信息进行一定推理后得出的结论,对考生的逻辑推理分析能力有一定要求。
这个题型每篇阅读中都会有1到3题,常见提问方式是:Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X...Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?4. 修辞目的题(Rhetorical Purpose)这个题型的题数为1-2题,光看名字似乎有点不太好理解,其实通俗来说就是问目的或者说原因,比如作者会什么要提某人某事,或者作者提及某人某事是为了什么等等。
托福阅读题型和解题方法
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读题型和解题方法综述:文章数量:3-5篇字数:700要求:快速阅读+精确理解题目数量:每篇文章12-14题单题分值:1-4分文体:说明,论述,记叙速度要求:100 words/min各类题型特征及解题方法:1 词汇题问法:The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____技巧:(1)首先看是否认识,如果在认识,在选项中找同义或近义词,并代入原文检验(2)如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文,看上下文是否合理(3)看原词所在句子前后2句,找重复对应(4)如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词(5)选项中不认识的词不轻易去选做题顺序:看单词,看选项,原文验证注意:(1)不可能所有单词都认识(2)注意熟词僻义,一定看完所有选项,并代回原文验证2 指代题问法:The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to技巧:(1)单复数it找单数名词或名词性词组they找复数名词或名词性词组(2)在主从复合句,并列句中,后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词(有例外,要从意义判断)(3)简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词,次之制代宾语核心词.(4)代词所在句子找不到合适的指代,优先指代前一句主语,次之指代后一句宾语(5)一句话中,相同的代词指代相同3 直接事实题问法:According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?技巧:定位原文,细读(1)题干明确定位 (如给出第几段, highlight)(2) 题干无明确定位A 找题干中人名,地名,物种名,大写,斜体,数字年代,符号.B 定位某一段,再定位某一位置C 用核心名词定位4 infer题(需要精确理解)注意:既然是infer, imply,就一定不是原文中明确说的技巧:(1)时间前后推理(2)排除法a 原文直接清楚描述的,排除b 与原文无关的新内容,排除(3)不要加入自己的观点5 举例说明概述题 (例子的作用)技巧:(1)重点不是例子本身,而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象(2)概述的同义改写就是答案6 EXCEPT列举题技巧:重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 (遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说)定位:核心关键词 such as n1, n2,n3………A, B, and/ or C.7 插入句子题逻辑关系,上下文关系,是否紧密,是否有跳跃技巧(1)待插入的句子中,代词 this, these their, it, such, he, another 这些通常是上一句]提过的,所以才特指(2)因果,转折等过渡词 therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary(3)递进扩展词 furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides,even, additionally(4)结构配对词on the one hand…. On the other hand some…oth ers(5)关键同义词重复出现的名词、副词、形容词8 句子要点题问法:which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence错误选项:(1) 有新内容,或有相反内容(2) 遗漏了原文中重要信息9 全文总结题考全文key points的总结 (不只一个key point)(1)注意段首句,注意自己归纳总结(2)关注文章结构,特别是先总后分式(3)错误选项特征a 原文没有的新内容,或在程度,范围上发生变化b 与原文相反c 有原文中的细节 (细节不该是key point)10 信息归类题特点:(1)通常文章采用对比写法(2)有无用的选项相关推荐:托福阅读直接信息题解析托福阅读冲刺要点解析托福阅读考试中的最新成语相关字搜索:托福阅读。
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做题技巧1. 认识的词或短语-----就题做题
2. 不认识的词或短语------进行推断
2.1 根据词根词缀推断
2.2 根据上下文推断
A. 找同义对应
a.定义
b.同位语
c.标点符号
d.Or结构
e.例子
f.定语从句
B. 找反义对应
寻找反义的线索:but, however, despite, inspite of, in contrast, instead, or, whereas, unlike etc.
(D) identifiable
2.3 短语意义的判断
托福考试阅读部分的短语主要包括名词短语、动词短语和形容词短语,其中的名词、动词和形容词可以看成短语的中心词,做题时可以先找出短语的中心词,再在选项中寻找中心词的同义词,即可得到正确答案。
在短语中,副词或介词也有助于判断词义
2.事实信息题
4.否定事实信息题
推论可能事实before the 11 century, the Chinese did not use gunpowder in weapons.
8. 插入文本题。