WTO服务贸易总协议(GATS)中文版

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《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)

GATS可能导致服务贸易自由化过度，对一些国家的主导产业和服务业造成冲击。
服务业发展水平差异
发展中国家与发达国家在服务业发展水平上存在较大差异，可能导致在GATS框架下处于不利地位。
增加服务出口机会
服务业监管挑战
GATS为发展中国家提供了更多服务出口的机会，有助于增加外汇收入和经济发展。
专家组程序
专家组程序是GATS争议解决机制中的重要环节，旨在通过专家协助解决争议。
成员方可以向秘书处提出书面申请，要求成立专家组。
专家组成员由各成员方推荐，具有相关专业知识和经验。
专家组程序包括书面和口头阶段，最终形成专家组报告，对争议进行裁决。
上诉机构程序
01
上诉机构程序是GATS争议解决机制中的最终环节，旨在通过上诉审议争议。
建筑及相关工程服务
总结词
包括建筑设计、工程承包和建筑服务等。
详细描述
建筑及相关工程服务是指提供建筑设计、工程承包和建筑服务的行业。这些服务涉及到建筑物的规划、设计和建造，以及相关的土木工程和设备安装等。建筑及相关工程服务的质量直接影响到建筑物和设施的安全性和功能性。
分销服务
总结词
包括批发、零售和物流等。
02
03
成员方可以针对专家组报告的裁决结果提出上诉。
上诉机构由具有相关专业知识和经验的独立人士组成，负责对上诉进行审理。
04
上诉机构程序包括书面和口头阶段，最终形成上诉机构报告，对争议进行裁决。
05 GATS的影响和挑战
对全球经济的影响
促进服务贸易自由化
促进技术和服务创新
GATS通过推动服务贸易自由化，促进了全球经济的增长和发展。
《服务贸易总协定》 (GATS)

WTO服务贸易总协议GATS中文版

GATS 服务贸易总合同全文附件1B 服务贸易总合同本合同各会员：咸认服务贸易对世界经济成长及发展与日俱增之重要性；冀望依透明化及渐进自由化原则建立一以扩展此项贸易为目的之服务贸易规则之多边性架构，并藉此增进全部贸易伙伴之经济成长及开发中国家之发展；盼望在适度尊重国家政策目的之同时，透过持续多边谘商谈判，在互利基础上，增进全部参加者之利益，并确保权利与义务之整体平衡，以期早日达成服务贸易渐进式之更高自由化目的；承诺各会员有权为达成国家政策目的而对其境内服务之供应，予以管制并采用新法规，并且在现行各国有关服务业管理法规的发展程度参差不齐下，开发中国家对于行使此项权力尤有特殊需要；冀望能增进开发中国家参加服务贸易活动，并扩展其服务出口，特别是但愿藉由加强其国内服务能力及效率与竞争能力等以达成此一目的；鉴于低度开发国家特殊之经济状况及其发展、贸易与财政方面之需要，特别考虑其所面临之重大困难；兹同意以下：第一篇范畴及定义第一条范畴与定义1.本合同合用于会员影响服务贸易之方法。

2.本合同所称服务贸易，谓：(a)自一会员境内向其它会员境内提供服务；(b)在一会员境内对其它会员之消费者提供服务；(c)由一会员之服务提供者以设立商业据点方式在其它会员境内提供服务；(d)由一会员之服务提供者以自然人呈现方式在其它会员境内提供服务。

3.本协定：(a)称会员所采方法者，谓下列机关及团体所采用之方法：(i)中央、区域或地方政府与机关；及(ii)经中央、区域或地方政府或机关授权行使政府权力之非政府机构。

会员为了推行本合同之义务与承诺，应采用可行之合理方法，以确保其境内区域及地方政府与机关及非政府机构之确实遵照之；(b)称服务者，涉及各行业提供之服务，但行使政府权力所提供之服务不在此限；(c)称行使政府权力所提供之服务者，谓非基于商业基础亦非与一或多个服务提供者竞争所提供之服务。

第二篇普通义务及规定第二条最惠国待遇1.有关本合同所涵盖之方法，各会员应立刻且无条件地对来自其它会员之服务或服务提供者提供不低于该会员予以其它国家相似服务或服务提供者之待遇。

服务贸易总协定(GATS)

General Agreement on Trade in Services（GATS）Members,Recognizing the growing importance of trade in services for the growth and development of the world economy;Wishing to establish a multilateral framework of principles and rules for trade in services with a view to the expansion of such trade under conditions of transparency and progressive liberalization and as a means of promoting the economic growth of all trading partners and the development of developing countries;Desiring the early achievement of progressively higher levels of liberalization of trade in services through successive rounds of multilateral negotiations aimed at promoting the interests of all participants on a mutually advantageous basis and at securing an overall balance of rights and obligations, while giving due respect to national policy objectives;Recognizing the right of Members to regulate, and to introduce new regulations, on the supply of services within their territories in order to meet national policy objectives and, given asymmetries existing with respect to the degree of development of services regulations in different countries, the particular need of developing countries to exercise this right;Desiring to facilitate the increasing participation of developing countries in trade in services and the expansion of their service exports including, inter alia, through the strengthening of their domestic services capacity and its efficiency and competitiveness;Taking particular account of the serious difficulty of the least-developed countries in view of their special economic situation and their development, trade and financial needs;Hereby agree as follows:Part I: Scope and DefinitionArticle I: Scope and Definition1. This Agreement applies to measures by Members affecting trade in services.2. For the purposes of this Agreement, trade in services is defined as the supply of a service:(a) from the territory of one Member into the territory of any other Member;(b) in the territory of one Member to the service consumer of any other Member;(c) by a service supplier of one Member, through commercial presence in the territory of any other Member;(d) by a service supplier of one Member, through presence of natural persons of a Member in the territory of any other Member.3. For the purposes of this Agreement:(a) “measures by Members” means measures taken by:(i) central, regional or local governments and authorities; and(ii) non-governmental bodies in the exercise of powers delegated by central, regional or local governments or authorities;In fulfilling its obligations and commitments under the Agreement, each Member shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure their observance by regional and local governments and authoritiesand non-governmental bodies within its territory;(b) “services” includes any service in any sector except services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority;(c) “a service supplied in the exercise of governmental authority” means any service which is supplied neither on a commercial basis, nor in competition with one or more service suppliers.Part II: General Obligations and DisciplinesArticle II: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment1. With respect to any measure covered by this Agreement, each Member shall accord immediately and unconditionally to services and service suppliers of any other Member treatment no less favourable than that it accords to like services and service suppliers of any other country.2. A Member may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1 provided that such a measure is listed in, and meets the conditions of, the Annex on Article II Exemptions.3. The provisions of this Agreement shall not be so construed as to prevent any Member from conferring or according advantages to adjacent countries in order to facilitate exchanges limited to contiguous frontier zones of services that are both locally produced and consumed.Article III: Transparency1. Each Member shall publish promptly and, except in emergency situations, at the latest by the time of their entry into force, all relevant measures of general application which pertain to or affect the operation of this Agreement. International agreements pertaining to or affecting trade in services to which a Member is a signatory shall also be published.2. Where publication as referred to in paragraph 1 is not practicable, such information shall be made otherwise publicly available.3. Each Member shall promptly and at least annually inform the Council for Trade in Services of the introduction of any new, or any changes to existing, laws, regulations or administrative guidelines which significantly affect trade in services covered by its specific commitments under this Agreement.4. Each Member shall respond promptly to all requests by any other Member for specific information on any of its measures of general application or international agreements within the meaning of paragraph 1. Each Member shall also establish one or more enquiry points to provide specific information to other Members, upon request, on all such matters as well as those subject to the notification requirement in paragraph 3. Such enquiry points shall be established within two years from the date of entry into force of the Agreement Establishing the WTO (referred to in this Agreement as the “WTO Agreement”). Appropriate flexibility with respect to the time-limit within which such enquiry points are to be established may be agreed upon for individual developing country Members. Enquiry points need not be depositories of laws and regulations.5. Any Member may notify to the Council for Trade in Services any measure, taken by any other Member, which it considers affects the operation of this Agreement.Article III bis: Disclosure of Confidential InformationNothing in this Agreement shall require any Member to provide confidential information, the disclosure of which would impede law enforcement, or otherwise be contrary to the public interest, or which would prejudice legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises, public or private.Article IV: Increasing Participation of Developing Countries1. The increasing participation of developing country Members in world trade shall be facilitated through negotiated specific commitments, by different Members pursuant to Parts III and IV of this Agreement, relating to:(a) the strengthening of their domestic services capacity and its efficiency and competitiveness, inter alia through access to technology on a commercial basis;(b) the improvement of their access to distribution channels and information networks; and(c) the liberalization of market access in sectors and modes of supply of export interest to them.2. Developed country Members, and to the extent possible other Members, shall establish contact points within two years from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement to facilitate the access of developing country Members’ service suppliers to information, related to their respective markets, concerning:(a) commercial and technical aspects of the supply of services;(b) registration, recognition and obtaining of professional qualifications; and(c) the availability of services technology.3. Special priority shall be given to the least-developed country Members in the implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2. Particular account shall be taken of the serious difficulty of the least-developed countries in accepting negotiated specific commitments in view of their special economic situation and their development, trade and financial needs.Article V: Economic Integration1. This Agreement shall not prevent any of its Members from beinga party to or entering into an agreement liberalizing trade in services between or among the parties to such an agreement, provided that such an agreement:(a) has substantial sectoral coverage(1), and(b) provides for the absence or elimination of substantially all discrimination, in the sense of Article XVII, between or among the parties, in the sectors covered under subparagraph (a), through:(i) elimination of existing discriminatory measures, and/or(ii) prohibition of new or more discriminatory measures,either at the entry into force of that agreement or on the basis of a reasonable time-frame, except for measures permitted under Articles XI, XII, XIV and XIV bis.2. In evaluating whether the conditions under paragraph 1(b) are met, consideration may be given to the relationship of the agreement to a wider process of economic integration or trade liberalization among the countries concerned.3. (a) Where developing countries are parties to an agreement of the type referred to in paragraph 1, flexibility shall be provided for regarding the conditions set out in paragraph 1, particularly with reference to subparagraph (b) thereof, in accordance with the level of development of the countries concerned, both overall and in individual sectors and subsectors.(b) Notwithstanding paragraph 6, in the case of an agreement of the type referred to in paragraph 1 involving only developing countries, more favourable treatment may be granted to juridical persons owned or controlled by natural persons of the parties to such an agreement.4. Any agreement referred to in paragraph 1 shall be designed to facilitate trade between the parties to the agreement and shall not in respect of any Member outside the agreement raise the overall level of barriers to trade in services within the respective sectors or subsectors compared to the level applicable prior to such an agreement.5. If, in the conclusion, enlargement or any significant modification of any agreement under paragraph 1, a Member intends to withdraw or modify a specific commitment inconsistently with the terms and conditions set out in its Schedule, it shall provide at least 90 days advance notice of such modification or withdrawal and the procedure set forth in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article XXI shall apply.6. A service supplier of any other Member that is a juridical person constituted under the laws of a party to an agreement referred to in paragraph 1 shall be entitled to treatment granted under such agreement, provided that it engages in substantive business operations in the territory of the parties to such agreement.7. (a) Members which are parties to any agreement referred to in paragraph 1 shall promptly notify any such agreement and any enlargement or any significant modification of that agreement to the Council for Trade in Services. They shall also make available to the Council such relevant information as may be requested by it. The Council may establish a working party to examine such an agreement or enlargement or modification of that agreement and to report to the Council on its consistency with this Article.(b) Members which are parties to any agreement referred to in paragraph 1 which is implemented on the basis of a time-frame shall report periodically to the Council for Trade in Services on its implementation. The Council may establish a working party to examine such reports if it deems such a working party necessary.(c) Based on the reports of the working parties referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b), the Council may make recommendations to the parties as it deems appropriate.8. A Member which is a party to any agreement referred to in paragraph 1 may not seek compensation for trade benefits that may accrue to any other Member from such agreement.Article V bis: Labour Markets Integration AgreementsThis Agreement shall not prevent any of its Members from being a party to an agreement establishing full integration(2) of the labour markets between or among the parties to such an agreement, provided that such an agreement:(a) exempts citizens of parties to the agreement from requirements concerning residency and work permits;(b) is notified to the Council for Trade in Services.Article VI: Domestic Regulation1. In sectors where specific commitments are undertaken, each Member shall ensure that all measures of general application affecting trade in services are administered in a reasonable, objective and impartial manner.2. (a) Each Member shall maintain or institute as soon as practicable judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures which provide, at the request of an affected service supplier, for the prompt review of, and where justified, appropriate remedies for, administrative decisions affecting trade in services. Where such procedures are not independent of the agency entrusted with the administrative decision concerned, the Member shall ensure that the procedures in fact provide for an objective and impartial review.(b) The provisions of subparagraph (a) shall not be construed to require a Member to institute such tribunals or procedures where this would be inconsistent with its constitutional structure or the nature of its legal system.3. Where authorization is required for the supply of a service on which a specific commitment has been made, the competent authorities of a Member shall, within a reasonable period of time after the submission of an application considered complete under domestic laws and regulations, inform the applicant of the decision concerning the application. At therequest of the applicant, the competent authorities of the Member shall provide, without undue delay, information concerning the status of the application.4. With a view to ensuring that measures relating to qualification requirements and procedures, technical standards and licensing requirements do not constitute unnecessary barriers to trade in services, the Council for Trade in Services shall, through appropriate bodies it may establish, develop any necessary disciplines. Such disciplines shall aim to ensure that such requirements are, inter alia:(a) based on objective and transparent criteria, such as competence and the ability to supply the service;(b) not more burdensome than necessary to ensure the quality of the service;(c) in the case of licensing procedures, not in themselves a restriction on the supply of the service.5. (a) In sectors in which a Member has undertaken specific commitments, pending the entry into force of disciplines developed in these sectors pursuant to paragraph 4, the Member shall not apply licensing and qualification requirements and technical standards that nullify or impair such specific commitments in a manner which:(i) does not comply with the criteria outlined in subparagraphs 4(a), (b) or (c); and(ii) could not reasonably have been expected of that Member at the time the specific commitments in those sectors were made.(b) In determining whether a Member is in conformity with the obligation under paragraph 5(a), account shall be taken of international standards of relevant international organizations(3) applied by that Member.6. In sectors where specific commitments regarding professional services are undertaken, each Member shall provide for adequate procedures to verify the competence of professionals of any other Member.Article VII: Recognition1. For the purposes of the fulfilment, in whole or in part, of its standards or criteria for the authorization, licensing or certification of services suppliers, and subject to the requirements of paragraph 3, a Member may recognize the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in a particular country. Such recognition, which may be achieved through harmonization or otherwise, may be based upon an agreement or arrangement with the country concerned or may be accorded autonomously.2. A Member that is a party to an agreement or arrangement of the type referred to in paragraph 1, whether existing or future, shall afford adequate opportunity for other interested Members to negotiate their accession to such an agreement or arrangement or to negotiate comparable ones with it. Where a Member accords recognition autonomously, it shall afford adequate opportunity for any other Member to demonstrate that education, experience, licenses, or certifications obtained or requirements met in that other Member’s territory should be recognized.3. A Member shall not accord recognition in a manner which would constitute a means of discrimination between countries in the application of its standards or criteria for the authorization, licensing or certification of services suppliers, or a disguised restriction on trade in services.4. Each Member shall:(a) within 12 months from the date on which the WTO Agreement takes effect for it, inform the Council for Trade in Services of its existing recognition measures and state whether such measures are based on agreements or arrangements of the type referred to in paragraph 1;(b) promptly inform the Council for Trade in Services as far in advance as possible of the opening of negotiations on an agreement or arrangement of the type referred to in paragraph 1 in order to provide adequate opportunity to any other Member to indicate their interest in participating in the negotiations before they enter a substantive phase;(c) promptly inform the Council for Trade in Services when it adopts new recognition measures or significantly modifies existing ones and state whether the measures are based on an agreement or arrangement of the type referred to in paragraph 1.5. Wherever appropriate, recognition should be based on multilaterally agreed criteria. In appropriate cases, Members shall work in cooperation with relevant intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations towards the establishment and adoption of common international standards and criteria for recognition and common international standards for the practice of relevant services trades and professions.Article VIII: Monopolies and Exclusive Service Suppliers1. Each Member shall ensure that any monopoly supplier of a service in its territory does not, in the supply of the monopoly service in the relevant market, act in a manner inconsistent with that Member’s obligations under Article II and specific commitments.2. Where a Member’s monopoly supplier competes, either directly or through an affiliated company, in the supply of a service outside the scope of its monopoly rights and which is subject to that Member’s specific commitments, the Member shall ensure that such a supplier does not abuse its monopoly position to act in its territory in a manner inconsistent with such commitments.3. The Council for Trade in Services may, at the request of a Member which has a reason to believe that a monopoly supplier of a service of any other Member is acting in a manner inconsistent with paragraph 1 or 2, request the Member establishing, maintaining or authorizing such supplier to provide specific information concerning the relevant operations.4. If, after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, a Member grants monopoly rights regarding the supply of a service covered by its specific commitments, that Member shall notify the Council for Trade in Services no later than three months before the intended implementation of the grant of monopoly rights and the provisions of paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article XXI shall apply.5. The provisions of this Article shall also apply to cases of exclusive service suppliers, where a Member, formally or in effect,(a) authorizes or establishes a small number of service suppliers and(b) substantially prevents competition among those suppliers in its territory.Article IX: Business Practices1. Members recognize that certain business practices of service suppliers, other than those falling under Article VIII, may restrain competition and thereby restrict trade in services.2. Each Member shall, at the request of any other Member, enter into consultations with a view to eliminating practices referred to in paragraph 1. The Member addressed shall accord full and sympathetic consideration to such a request and shall cooperate through the supply of publicly available non-confidential information of relevance to the matter in question. The Member addressed shall also provide other information available to the requesting Member, subject to its domestic law and to the conclusion of satisfactory agreement concerning the safeguarding of its confidentiality by the requesting Member.Article X: Emergency Safeguard Measures1. There shall be multilateral negotiations on the question of emergency safeguard measures based on the principle of non-discrimination. The results of such negotiations shall enter into effect on a date not later than three years from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.2. In the period before the entry into effect of the results of the negotiations referred to in paragraph 1, any Member may, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article XXI, notify the Council on Trade in Services of its intention to modify or withdraw a specific commitment after a period of one year from the date on which the commitment enters into force; provided that the Member shows cause to the Council that the modification or withdrawal cannot await the lapse of the three-year period provided for in paragraph 1 of Article XXI.3. The provisions of paragraph 2 shall cease to apply three years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.Article XI: Payments and Transfers1. Except under the circumstances envisaged in Article XII, a Member shall not apply restrictions on international transfers and payments for current transactions relating to its specific commitments.2. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights and obligations of the members of the International Monetary Fund under the Articles of Agreement of the Fund, including the use of exchange actions which are in conformity with the Articles of Agreement, provided that a Member shall not impose restrictions on any capital transactions inconsistently with its specific commitments regarding such transactions, except under Article XII or at the request of the Fund.Article XII: Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Payments1. In the event of serious balance-of-payments and external financial difficulties or threat thereof, a Member may adopt or maintain restrictions on trade in services on which it has undertaken specific commitments, including on payments or transfers for transactions related to such commitments. It is recognized that particular pressures on the balance of payments of a Member in the process of economic development or economic transition may necessitate the use of restrictions to ensure, inter alia, the maintenance of a level of financial reserves adequate for the implementation of its programme of economic development or economic transition.2. The restrictions referred to in paragraph 1:(a) shall not discriminate among Members;(b) shall be consistent with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund;(c) shall avoid unnecessary damage to the commercial, economic and financial interests of any other Member;(d) shall not exceed those necessary to deal with the circumstances described in paragraph 1;(e) shall be temporary and be phased out progressively as the situation specified in paragraph 1 improves.3. In determining the incidence of such restrictions, Members may give priority to the supply of services which are more essential to their economic or development programmes. However, such restrictions shall not be adopted or maintained for the purpose of protecting a particular service sector.4. Any restrictions adopted or maintained under paragraph 1, or any changes therein, shall be promptly notified to the General Council.5. (a) Members applying the provisions of this Article shall consult promptly with the Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions on restrictions adopted under this Article.(b) The Ministerial Conference shall establish procedures(4) for periodic consultations with the objective of enabling such recommendations to be made to the Member concerned as it may deem appropriate.(c) Such consultations shall assess the balance-of-payment situation of the Member concerned and the restrictions adopted or maintained under this Article, taking into account, inter alia, such factors as:(i) the nature and extent of the balance-of-payments and the external financial difficulties;(ii) the external economic and trading environment of the consulting Member;(iii) alternative corrective measures which may be available.(d) The consultations shall address the compliance of any restrictions with paragraph 2, in particular the progressive phaseout of restrictions in accordance with paragraph 2(e).(e) In such consultations, all findings of statistical and other facts presented by the International Monetary Fund relating to foreign exchange, monetary reserves and balance of payments, shall be accepted and conclusions shall be based on the assessment by the Fund of the balance-of-payments and the external financial situation of the consulting Member.6. If a Member which is not a member of the International Monetary Fund wishes to apply the provisions of this Article, the Ministerial Conference shall establish a review procedure and any other procedures necessary.Article XIII: Government Procurement1. Articles II, XVI and XVII shall not apply to laws, regulations or requirements governing the procurement by governmental agencies of services purchased for governmental purposes and not with a view to commercial resale or with a view to use in the supply of services for commercial sale.2. There shall be multilateral negotiations on government procurement in services under this Agreement within two years from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.Article XIV: General ExceptionsSubject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where like conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on trade in services, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any Member of measures:(a) necessary to protect public morals or to maintain public order;(5)(b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health;(c) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement including those relating to:(i) the prevention of deceptive and fraudulent practices or to deal with the effects of a default on services contracts;(ii) the protection of the privacy of individuals in relation to the processing and dissemination of personal data and the protection of confidentiality of individual records and accounts;(iii) safety;(d) inconsistent with Article XVII, provided that the difference in treatment is aimed at ensuring the equitable or effective(6) imposition or collection of direct taxes in respect of services or service suppliers of other Members;(e) inconsistent with Article II, provided that the difference in treatment is the result of an agreement on the avoidance of double taxationor provisions on the avoidance of double taxation in any other international agreement or arrangement by which the Member is bound.Article XIV bis: Security Exceptions1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed:(a) to require any Member to furnish any information, the disclosure of which it considers contrary to its essential security interests; or(b) to prevent any Member from taking any action which it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests:(i) relating to the supply of services as carried out directly or indirectly for the purpose of provisioning a military establishment;(ii) relating to fissionable and fusionable materials or the materials from which they are derived;(iii) taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations; or(c) to prevent any Member from taking any action in pursuance of its obligations under the United Nations Charter for the maintenance of international peace and security.2. The Council for Trade in Services shall be informed to the fullest extent possible of measures taken under paragraphs 1(b) and (c) and of their termination.Article XV: Subsidies1. Members recognize that, in certain circumstances, subsidies may have distortive effects on trade in services. Members shall enter into。

服务贸易总协定(GATS)

服务贸易总协定（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》（General Agreement on Trade in Service，GATS）是世界贸易组织管辖的一项多边贸易协议。

《服务贸易总协定》由三大部分组成：一是协定条款本身，又称为框架协定，二是部门协议[1]，三是各成员的市场准入承诺单。

GATS概述《服务贸易总协定》本身条款由序言和六个部分29条组成。

前28条为框架协议，规定了服务贸易自由化的原则和规则，第29条为附件（共有8个附件）。

主要内容包括：范围和定义、一般义务和纪律、具体承诺、逐步自由化、机构条款、最后条款等，其核心是最惠国待遇、国民待遇、市场准入、透明度及支付的款项和转拨的资金的自由流动。

《服务贸易总协定》适用于各成员采取的影响服务贸易的各项政策措施，包括中央政府、地区或地方政府和当局及其授权行使权力的非政府机构所采取的政策措施。

《服务贸易总协定》的宗旨是在透明度和逐步自由化的条件下，扩大全球服务贸易，并促进各成员的经济增长和发展中国家成员服务业的发展。

协定考虑到各成员服务贸易发展的不平衡，允许各成员对服务贸易进行必要的管理，鼓励发展中国家成员通过提高其国内服务能力、效率和竞争力，更多地参与世界服务贸易。

《服务贸易总协定》规定国际服务贸易具体包括四种方式：⑴跨境交付（Cross-border Supply）；⑵境外消费（Consumption Abroad）；⑶商业存在（Commercial Presence）；⑷自然人流动（Movement of Natural Persons）。

《服务贸易总协定》列出服务行业包括以下12个部门：商业、通讯、建筑、销售、教育、环境、金融、卫生、旅游、娱乐、运输、其它，具体分为160多个分部门。

协定规定了各成员必须遵守的普遍义务与原则，磋商和争端解决的措施步骤。

根据协定的规定，WTO成立了服务贸易理事会，负责协定的执行。

GATS目录第一部分范围和定义第一条范围和定义第二部分一般义务和纪律第二条最惠国待遇第三条透明度第三条之二机密资料的公开第四条发展中国家的更多参与第五条经济一体化之二劳动力市场一体化协议第六条国内法规第七条承认第八条垄断和专营服务提供者第九条商业惯例第十条紧急保障措施第十一条支付和转移第十二条保障收支平衡的限制第十三条政府采购第十四条一般例外之二安全例外第十五条补贴第三部分具体承诺第十六条市场准入第十七条国民待遇第十八条附加承诺第四部分逐步自由化第十九条具体承诺的谈判第二十条具体承诺表第二十一条承诺表的修改第五部分机构条款第二十二条磋商第二十三条争端解决和实施第二十四条服务贸易理事会第二十五条技术合作第二十六条与其他国际组织的关系第六部分最后条款第二十七条利益的拒给第二十八条定义第二十九条附件GATS中文文本各成员协议如下：内容简介第一条范围和定义1．本协定适用于各成员影响服务贸易的措施；2．为本协定之目的，服务贸易定义为：（a）从一成员境内向任何其他成员境内提供服务；（b）在一成员境内向任何其他成员的服务消费者提供服务；（c）一成员的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以商业存在提供服务；（d）一成员的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以自然的存在提供服务。

2024版世界贸易组织服务贸易总协定

专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER20XXP ERSONAL甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024版世界贸易组织服务贸易总协定本合同目录一览第一条：定义与解释1.1 术语定义1.2 解释规则第二条：适用范围2.1 服务贸易领域2.2 例外情况第三条：最惠国待遇3.1 待遇原则3.2 例外情况第四条：市场准入4.1 国民待遇4.2 数量限制4.3 透明度要求第五条：国内法规5.1 法规制定原则5.2 法规适用范围第六条：普遍取消数量限制6.1 数量限制的取消6.2 例外情况第七条：逐步自由化7.1 自由化原则7.2 自由化时间表第八条：保障措施8.1 保障措施的采取8.2 保障措施的撤销第九条：涉及知识产权的保护9.1 知识产权的保护9.2 例外情况第十条：透明度义务10.1 信息发布与交换10.2 例外情况第十一条：争端解决机制11.1 争端解决方式11.2 例外情况第十二条：例外条款12.1 一般例外12.2 特定例外第十三条：机构机制13.1 组织机构13.2 决策程序第十四条：最终条款14.1 合同的生效14.2 合同的终止14.3 合同的修订第一部分：合同如下：第一条：定义与解释1.1 术语定义（1）服务贸易：指从一成员境内向另一成员境内提供服务，或从一成员境内向另一成员的服务消费者提供服务的行为。

（2）服务提供者：指在任何成员境内提供服务的自然人或法人。

（3）服务消费者：指在另一成员境内接受服务的自然人或法人。

（4）最惠国待遇：指一成员给予任何其他成员的服务和服务提供者的待遇，不低于给予任何第三方的待遇。

（5）市场准入：指成员间相互允许服务提供者在对方境内提供服务的能力。

（6）国民待遇：指成员在对本国服务和服务提供者提供的服务和服务提供者与来自任何其他成员的服务和服务提供者提供的服务和服务提供者一视同仁。

1.2 解释规则（1）本协定中的“成员”指世界贸易组织（WTO）的成员。

（2）本协定中的“境内”指一成员的领土，包括其领海和领空。

2024年国际服务贸易WTO统一规则协议样本

2024年国际服务贸易WTO统一规则协议样本本合同目录一览1. 第一条协议定义与范围1.1 第二条协议双方1.2 第三条服务贸易范围1.3 第四条非歧视原则1.4 第五条最惠国待遇1.5 第六条国民待遇1.6 第七条透明度要求1.7 第八条贸易壁垒1.8 第九条服务提供者的资格1.9 第十条跨境服务提供1.10 第十一条服务贸易的内部规定1.11 第十二条例外条款1.12 第十三条争端解决机制1.13 第十四条协议的生效与终止1.14 第十五条签署与日期第一部分：合同如下：第一条协议定义与范围1.2 本协议适用于WTO成员国之间在服务贸易领域的合作与交流，包括但不限于金融服务、通信服务、运输服务、旅游服务等领域。

1.3 本协议的目标是建立一个公平、透明、可预测的服务贸易环境，促进成员国之间的服务贸易自由化和便利化。

第二条协议双方2.2 双方同意按照本协议的规定，在服务贸易领域进行合作与交流，共同维护和促进全球服务贸易的自由化和便利化。

第三条服务贸易范围3.1.1 金融服务，包括银行、保险、证券等领域；3.1.2 通信服务，包括电信、互联网等领域；3.1.3 运输服务，包括海运、空运、铁路运输等领域；3.1.4 旅游服务，包括旅游咨询、旅游代理等领域；3.1.5 其他服务贸易领域，双方可以根据实际情况进行协商确定。

第四条非歧视原则4.1 双方同意在本协议范围内，对来自另一方的服务和服务提供者给予平等待遇，不得进行任何形式的歧视。

4.2 双方承诺在制定或实施与服务贸易有关的法律、法规、政策时，不得对另一方的服务和服务提供者实施不公平的待遇。

第五条最惠国待遇5.1 双方承诺在本协议范围内，对来自任何成员国的服务和服务提供者给予最惠国待遇，不得进行任何形式的歧视。

5.2 双方在给予另一方的服务和服务提供者最惠国待遇时，应遵循公平、公正、透明的原则。

第六条国民待遇6.1 双方同意在本协议范围内，对来自另一国的服务和服务提供者给予国民待遇，不得进行任何形式的歧视。

国际服务贸易总协定的一般义务及具体承诺：免修版模板范本

国际服务贸易总协定的一般义务及具体承诺概述国际服务贸易总协定（General Agreement on Trade in Services，简称GATS）是世界贸易组织（WTO）的一项核心协定，于1995年成立。

GATS的目标是促进全球服务贸易的自由化和便利化，为各成员国提供公平、透明、非歧视的服务贸易环境。

本文将重点介绍GATS的一般义务及具体承诺。

一般义务最惠国待遇GATS的最惠国待遇原则要求，成员国在对其他成员国提供的服务贸易上享有平等和非歧视的待遇。

这意味着一个成员国对来自另一个成员国提供的服务必须以最优惠的待遇方式进行对待，不能做出任何优先对待或歧视性的行为。

国内对待GATS的国内对待原则要求，成员国在对本国提供的服务与对外国提供的服务之间不得给予不合理的优惠。

这旨在保障国内和国外服务供应商享有平等的竞争机会，避免对外国服务商进行歧视。

透明度GATS要求成员国将关于服务贸易的法律、规章、程序以及与服务贸易相关的机构、措施等信息提供给其他成员国。

这有助于确保各成员国对服务贸易的了解和透明，增加对服务贸易政策的可预测性。

保护环境和劳工权益GATS明确规定成员国有权实施措施，以保护环境和劳工权益。

这意味着虽然GATS致力于服务贸易的自由化，但成员国仍可以采取必要的措施以保护自身国家的环境、公共健康和劳动标准等。

解决争端GATS建立了一套解决争端的机制，用于处理成员国之间的贸易争端。

该机制通过争端解决委员会来处理争端事项，并提供一个公正、透明的程序供各成员国使用。

具体承诺GATS要求各成员国对其服务贸易领域进行具体承诺，即提交有关服务贸易的具体法律、规章和措施清单，并表示哪些服务领域将对外开放以及开放程度等。

这些承诺通常涵盖几个方面：服务领域的分类GATS将服务分为四个部门，即商务服务、通信服务、建筑与工程服务和个人与专业服务。

成员国在承诺时需要明确每个部门的具体承诺和限制。

自由化程度成员国需要确定每个承诺领域的自由化程度，即对外开放的程度。

(完整版)中国入世协定书中文版

中华人民共和国加入议定书全文如下：序言世界贸易组织（“ＷＴＯ”），按照ＷＴＯ部长级会议根据《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》（“《ＷＴＯ协定》”）第１２条所作出的批准，与中华人民共和国（“中国”），忆及中国是《１９４７年关税与贸易总协定》的创始缔约方，注意到中国是《乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果最后文件》的签署方，注意到载于ＷＴ／ＡＣＣ／ＣＨＮ／４９号文件的《中国加入工作组报告书》（“工作组报告书”），考虑到关于中国ＷＴＯ成员资格的谈判结果，协议如下：第一部分总则第１条总体情况１．自加入时起，中国根据《ＷＴＯ协定》第１２条加入该协定，并由此成为ＷＴＯ成员。

２．中国所加入的《ＷＴＯ协定》应为经在加入之日前已生效的法律文件所更正、修正或修改的《ＷＴＯ协定》。

本议定书，包括工作组报告书第３４２段所指的承诺，应成为《ＷＴＯ协定》的组成部分。

３．除本议定书另有规定外，中国应履行《ＷＴＯ协定》所附各多边贸易协定中的、应在自该协定生效之日起开始的一段时间内履行的义务，如同中国在该协定生效之日已接受该协定。

４．中国可维持与《服务贸易总协定》（“ＧＡＴＳ”）第２条第１款规定不一致的措施，只要此措施已记录在本议定书所附《第２条豁免清单》中，并符合ＧＡＴＳ《关于第２条豁免的附件》中的条件。

第２条贸易制度的实施（Ａ）统一实施１．《ＷＴＯ协定》和本议定书的规定应适用于中国的全部关税领土，包括边境贸易地区、民族自治地方、经济特区、沿海开放城市、经济技术开发区以及其他在关税、国内税和法规方面已建立特殊制度的地区（统称为“特殊经济区”）。

２．中国应以统一、公正和合理的方式适用和实施中央政府有关或影响货物贸易、服务贸易、与贸易有关的知识产权（“ＴＲＩＰＳ”）或外汇管制的所有法律、法规及其他措施以及地方各级政府发布或适用的地方性法规、规章及其他措施（统称为“法律、法规及其他措施”）。

３．中国地方各级政府的地方性法规、规章及其他措施应符合在《ＷＴＯ协定》和本议定书中所承担的义务。

国际服务贸易总协定的一般义务及具体承诺

国际服务贸易总协定的一般义务及具体承诺《国际服务贸易总协定》（General Agreement on Trade in Services，以下简称GATS）是世界贸易组织（WTO）下的一个多边协议，旨在促进全球服务贸易自由化和规则化。

以下是GATS的一般义务和具体承诺：
一般义务：
1. 最惠国待遇：成员国应给予其他成员国的服务供应商与其给予任何第三方国家的待遇相同，即不能歧视不同国家或地区的服务供应商。

2. 国民待遇：成员国应将自己国内的本国服务供应商与其他成员国的服务供应商一视同仁，即不能对外国服务供应商提供不平等的待遇。

3. 透明度：成员国应向其他成员国提供有关国内服务规则和要求的足够信息，并及时公布任何新的或修改的规则。

4. 协商与协调：成员国应对其他成员国提供有关服务贸易的信息，并尽量就服务贸易问题的解决进行协商和协调。

具体承诺：
1. 准入市场：成员国承诺允许其他成员国的服务供应商进入其市场，提供特定的服务。

2. 国内规则：成员国承诺将其国内的规则和要求应用于外国的服务供应商，并不得限制它们提供的服务种类或数量。

3. 国内市场营销：成员国承诺不禁止或限制其他成员国的服务供应商在其领土上提供跨境服务或与本国服务供应商进行合作。

4. 优惠措施：成员国可以自愿提供对其他成员国的特殊待遇，例如减少市场准入限制、降低服务供应商的国内规则要求等。

5. 引入限制：成员国可以限制或阻止其他成员国的服务供应商进入其市场，但应符合某些条件，例如公共安全、道德、公共利益等。

这些一般义务和具体承诺旨在鼓励成员国之间相互开放服务市场，建立更加公平和透明的服务贸易规则，促进全球服务贸易的发展。

2024WTO服务贸易协议

2024WTO服务贸易协议甲方(服务提供方):__________地址：__________联系人：__________电话：__________邮箱：__________乙方(服务接受方):__________地址：__________联系人：__________电话：__________邮箱：__________鉴于甲方有能力向乙方提供相关服务，乙方愿意购买甲方提供的服务，双方经友好协商，达成如下协议：一、服务内容及标准1.2 甲乙双方应确保所提供服务符合国家法律法规和地方规定，不得包含违法违规的条款。

二、服务期限2.1 本合同自双方签字盖章之日起生效，有效期为____年。

服务期满后，如甲乙双方同意续签，应提前____个月书面通知对方。

未按时续签的，本合同自动终止。

三、价格与支付方式3.1 甲方向乙方收取的服务费用为人民币(大写):________________元整(¥__________)。

3.2 乙方应在收到甲方发票后____个工作日内支付全部款项。

如逾期未付，甲方有权暂停或终止提供服务。

3.3 如因不可抗力导致无法履行本合同，双方均不承担责任，但应及时通知对方并采取合理措施减轻损失。

四、保密条款4.1 甲乙双方应对本合同涉及的商业秘密、技术秘密等信息予以保密，未经对方书面同意，不得向第三方披露。

4.2 本合同终止后，甲乙双方仍应履行保密义务，直至相关信息已无商业价值或不再具有保密意义。

五、违约责任5.1 任何一方未按照本合同约定履行义务的，应承担违约责任，赔偿对方因此造成的损失。

5.2 如因甲方原因导致乙方无法使用服务的，甲方应退还乙方已支付的全部款项，并承担相应的法律责任。

5.3 如因乙方原因导致甲方无法提供服务的，乙方应承担相应的法律责任。

5.4 如因不可抗力导致本合同无法履行的，双方均不承担责任，但应及时通知对方并采取合理措施减轻损失。

六、争议解决6.1 本合同在履行过程中发生的争议，双方应友好协商解决；协商不成的，可以向有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼。

中国对外贸易与世界贸易组织第八章服务贸易总协定(GATS)-PPT精选文档-精选文档

《服务贸易总协定的》总协定的基本规则
01 最惠国待遇原则
02 透明度原则
03 发展中成员更多参与原则
（二）最惠国待遇原则的遵守
我们可以对最惠国待遇中的“无差别待遇”作如下理解：一成员方可以给予来自其他成员方的“类似”服务和服务提供者形式上相同或者不同的待遇，以使它们享受的待遇实质上相同，如果这些形式上相同或者不同的待遇对一部分其他成员方的服务或服务提供者造成了不利的竞争条件（相对于另外一部分其他成员方服务和服务提供者），则视为不符合最惠国待遇的原则。
《服务贸易总协定》的达成和基本框架
01 《服务贸易总协定》与服务贸易谈判
02 GATS的宗旨和基本框架
对于“服务贸易”，GATS在第1条第2款中作了定义，服务贸易的4种方式为跨境提供、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动。
1、跨境提供（Cross-Border Supply）跨境提供是指“自一成员领土向任何其他成员领土提供服务”。这种贸易形式一般不需要人员、设备和资金的跨境流动即可实现。例如，国际卫星通信服务、国际金融服务、互联网信息服务等。
《服务贸易总协定》的达成和基本框架
01 《服务贸易总协定》与服务贸易谈判
02 GATS的宗旨和基本框架
对于“服务贸易”，GATS在第1条第2款中作了定义，服务贸易的4种方式为跨境提供、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动。
3、商业存在（Commercial Presence）商业存在这种服务贸易提供方式是指一成员的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以商业存在的形式提供服务。商业存在是指以提供服务为目的，在某一成员方领土内的任何形式的商业或者职业存在。这种存在既可以是通过购并建立，也可以通过创办独资子公司、合资企业、合作企业、代表处或其他形式的分支机构实现。比如一成员方企业或个人在其他成员方境内设立宾馆、批发零售企业，或者开办律师事务所、会计师事务所、企业管理咨询机构等。 4、自然人流动（Movement of Natrual Persons）自然人流动是指一成员方的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以自然人的形式提供服务。也可以理解为外国的个人入境为本国服务消费者提供服务。比如外国客座教授来本国讲学，歌唱家以个人身份到另一成员方境内举办演唱会等。

GATS服务贸易总协定

马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定——附件１Ｂ：服务贸易总协定第一部分范围和定义第１条范围和定义第二部分一般义务和纪律第２条最惠国待遇第３条透明度第３条之二机密信息的披露第４条发展中国家的更多参与第５条经济一体化第５条之二劳动力市场一体化协定第６条国内法规第７条承认第８条垄断和专营服务提供者第９条商业惯例第１０条紧急保障措施第１１条支付和转移第１２条保障国际收支的限制第１３条政府采购第１４条一般例外第１４条之二安全例外第１５条补贴第三部分具体承诺第１６条市场准入第１７条国民待遇第１８条附加承诺第四部分逐步自由化第１９条具体承诺的谈判第２０条具体承诺减让表第２１条减让表的修改第五部分机构条款第２２条磋商第２３条争端解决与执行第２４条服务贸易理事会第２５条技术合作第２６条与其他国际组织的关系第六部分最后条款第２７条利益的拒绝给予第２８条定义第２９条附件附件１Ｂ：服务贸易总协定各成员，认识到服务贸易对世界经济增长和发展日益增加的重要性；希望建立一个服务贸易原则和规则的多边框架，以期在透明和逐步自由化的条件下扩大此类贸易，并以此为手段促进所有贸易伙伴的经济增长和发展中国家的发展；期望在给予国家政策目标应有尊重的同时，通过连续回合的多边谈判，在互利基础上促进所有参加方的利益，并保证权利和义务的总体平衡，以便早日实现服务贸易自由化水平的逐步提高；认识到各成员为实现国家政策目标，有权对其领土内的服务提供进行管理和采用新的法规，同时认识到由于不同国家服务法规发展程度方面存在的不平衡，发展中国家特别需要行使此权利；期望便利发展中国家更多地参与服务贸易和扩大服务出口，特别是通过增强其国内服务能力、效率和竞争力；特别考虑到最不发达国家由于特殊的经济状况及其在发展、贸易和财政方面的需要而存在的严重困难；特此协议如下：第一部分范围和定义第１条范围和定义１．本协定适用于各成员影响服务贸易的措施。

２．就本协定而言，服务贸易定义为：（ａ）自一成员领土向任何其他成员领土提供服务；（ｂ）在一成员领土内向任何其他成员的服务消费者提供服务；（ｃ）一成员的服务提供者通过在任何其他成员领土内的商业存在提供服务；（ｄ）一成员的服务提供者通过在任何其他成员领土内的自然人存在提供服务。

服务贸易总协定（中英双语）

服务贸易总协定/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDEQFjAA&url =http%3a%2f%%2fview%2f392796.htm&ei=hXM5Uez7IcSaiQfSm4CoCw&usg= AFQjCNFs293CIeMy3DwgkU5HHcMEuD7hSg&sig2=7JvBxVzISp55i9HoEglIKA第一部分范围和定义第一条范围和定义第二部分一般义务和纪律第二条最惠国待遇第三条透明度第三条之二机密资料的公开第四条发展中国家的更多参与第五条经济一体化之二劳动力市场一体化协议第六条国内法规第七条承认第八条垄断和专营服务提供者第九条商业惯例第十条紧急保障措施第十一条支付和转移第十二条保障收支平衡的限制第十三条政府采购第十四条一般例外之二安全例外第十五条补贴第三部分具体承诺第十六条市场准入第十七条国民待遇第十八条附加承诺第四部分逐步自由化第十九条具体承诺的谈判第二十条具体承诺表第二十一条承诺表的修改第五部分机构条款第二十二条磋商第二十三条争端解决和实施第二十四条服务贸易理事会第二十五条技术合作第二十六条与其他国际组织的关系第六部分最后条款第二十七条利益的拒给第二十八条定义第二十九条附件各成员协议如下：编辑本段范围和定义第一条范围和定义1．本协定适用于各成员影响服务贸易的措施；2．为本协定之目的，服务贸易定义为：（a）从一成员境内向任何其他成员境内提供服务；（b）在一成员境内向任何其他成员的服务消费者提供服务；（c）一成员的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以商业存在提供服务；（d）一成员的服务提供者在任何其他成员境内以自然的存在提供服务。

3．为本协定之目的（a）“成员的措施”是指由以下机构采取的措施：⑴中央、地区或地方政府和当局；和⑵由中央、地区或地方政府或当局授权行使权力的非政府机构为履行本协定下的义务和承诺，各成员应采取所有可能的合理措施以确保其境内的地区和地方政府和当局及非政府机构遵守协（b）“服务”包括任何部门的任何服务，但在行使政府权限时提供的服务除外。

WTO及其服务贸易总协定(GATS)

WTO及其服务贸易总协定（GATS）依据1994年签署的《关于建立世界贸易组织协定》，WTO的宗旨是：“在发展贸易市场方面，应当按照提高生活水平，保证充分就业和大幅度稳定提高实际收入和有效需求，并扩大生产、货物与服务贸易的观点，为持续发展的目的以扩大对世界资源充分利用，寻求人类环境的保护和维护，并根据它们各自需要和不同经济发展水平的情况，加强采取相应的措施”，“有必要做出积极的努力，以确保发展中国家能获得与它们国际贸易额增长相适应和所需要的经济发展。

”WTO成立以来的实践说明：WTO基本履行了上述宗旨，在国际经济活动发展中发了重要作用，现简要介绍其机构、职能、协议和规则，并重点叙述一下与我国公交运输企业关的WTO/GA TS内容。

一、WTO的组织和机构及其职能设在日内瓦的WTO编织机构如图2－1所示。

*TRIPS：与贸易有关的知识产权；**TRIPS：与贸易有关的投资措施。

图2－1 世界贸易组织结构图从图2－1中可以看到：缔约方部长级会议是WTO的最高权力机构，它一般每两年召开一次，在闭会期间，则由各缔约方代表参加的总干事会执行部长级会议的职权。

总干事是WTO的最高行政长官，他全面负责WTO的日常管理工作，领导秘书处（WTO 日常工作机构）为各专门理事会和专门委员会提供就业服务并开展新闻、网络、翻印、文件处理等方面的业务。

WTO自1995年正式成立后，已有萨瑟兰（1995）、鲁杰兰（1995～1999）、穆示（1999～2002），先后担任总干事，素帕猜将于2002～2005年担任总干事。

WTO的主要职能是执行、管理和运作WTO协定及其各种协议并为进一步目标的实现提供方便框架.此外还与国际资币基金组织和世界银行进行合作以协调全球性经济决策。

二、WTO协定与协议WTO文件体系由一个协定及4个附件构成。

现简介如下：WTO协定本身只有16个条款组成，对WTO组织结构、决策过程、成员资格、接受、加入和生效某事项作出原则性规定，但它的4个附件针对世界贸易关系分别作出了实质性规定，是WTO文件体系的主要组成部分。

WTO服务贸易总协定(GATS

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(3).Browning and Singelmann(1975)：分配性、生產性、社會、個人服務； (4).美國專門術與評估處(1987)：以知識為基礎、傳統服務； (5).國際貨幣基金會(1993)：國際收支帳統計資料分為11種服務類別；
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2、GATS對服務類別的規定：
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(2).服務貿易的定義： Nicolaides(1990)基於服務的同步性 Sampson and Snap(1985) 提供者與消費者面對面接觸。
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2、GATS的規定
(1).GATS§1(3)b：服務為除執行政府功能而提供的服務以外之各項服務。 (2).GATS§1(2)：服務貿易包括境外提供服務、境外消費、設立商業據點、自然人呈現。
WTO服務貿易總協定(GATS)
一、GATS制定的原因二、服務與服務貿易定義的爭議三、服務類別範圍的爭議四、GATS的適用範圍 (§1(1)) 五、GATS的架構與規範六、GATS的主要規範七、服務措施如不符GATS的主要規範八、新回合談判GATS新議題
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GATS之目的：
(1).以服務行為為分類標準，而非服務行業；服務類別中排除政府服務。
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(2).概括式服務類別表：例示11項大類服務：商業、電訊、營建、行銷、教育、環境、金融、健康及社會、觀光及旅遊、娛樂文化及運動、運輸服務，其他服務為第12項大類服務。
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(3).參考聯合國重要產物暫行分類表 (CPC)將12項主要服務項目、 54項中類服務、 155項細類服務等涉及服務行為的600多種服務行為。

gats中英文对照

gats中英文对照GATS（General Agreement on Trade in Services）是《服务贸易总协定》的英文缩写。

《服务贸易总协定》是世界贸易组织（WTO）下的一个重要协议，旨在促进全球服务贸易的自由化和便利化。

下面是GATS的中英文对照：GATS，《服务贸易总协定》（General Agreement on Trade in Services）。

WTO，世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）。

Trade in Services，服务贸易。

Agreement，协定。

Members，成员国。

Commitments，承诺。

Schedules of Specific Commitments，具体承诺表。

Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) Treatment，最惠国待遇。

National Treatment，国民待遇。

Market Access，市场准入。

Domestic Regulation，国内管制。

Mode of Supply，供应方式。

Cross-Border Supply，跨境供应。

Consumption Abroad，境外消费。

Commercial Presence，商业存在。

Presence of Natural Persons，自然人存在。

Sectoral Coverage，部门覆盖范围。

Telecommunications，电信。

Financial Services，金融服务。

Transportation Services，运输服务。

Professional Services，专业服务。

Modes of Supply，供应方式。

Mode 1: Cross-Border Supply，模式一，跨境供应。

Mode 2: Consumption Abroad，模式二，境外消费。

Mode 3: Commercial Presence，模式三，商业存在。

2024WTO服务贸易协议

20XX 专业合同封面COUNTRACT COVER甲方：XXX乙方：XXX2024WTO服务贸易协议本合同目录一览第一条：协议范围与定义1.1 适用范围1.2 定义与解释第二条：服务贸易自由化2.1 市场准入2.2 国民待遇2.3 服务提供者的资格与标准第三条：服务贸易的义务与承诺3.1 具体承诺表3.2 逐步自由化3.3 最小义务第四条：具体承诺的实施与监管4.1 实施机制4.2 监督与评估4.3 透明度第五条：例外与限制5.1 一般例外5.2 特定例外5.3 限制的透明度第六条：管理与协调6.1 管理与协调机构6.2 争端解决机制6.3 贸易政策的协调第七条：国内法规的遵守7.1 国内法规的透明度7.2 符合性评估7.3 法规的修改与通知第八条：服务贸易的促进与便利化8.1 促进措施8.2 单边措施8.3 国际合作第九条：知识产权保护9.1 知识产权的保护标准9.2 知识产权的例外9.3 知识产权的执法第十条：竞争政策10.1 竞争政策的透明度10.2 竞争政策的协调10.3 反托拉斯法的执行第十一条：电子商务11.1 电子商务的定义11.2 电子商务的义务11.3 电子商务的跨境数据流动第十二条：人力资源开发与培训12.1 人力资源开发的合作12.2 培训项目的支持12.3 人才交流与合作第十三条：财务与财政事项13.1 财务义务13.2 财政激励措施13.3 财务监督与评估第十四条：最终条款14.1 生效条件14.2 期限与续约14.3 终止与解散14.4 争端的解决14.5 其他条款第一部分：合同如下：第一条：协议范围与定义1.1 适用范围1.2 定义与解释（1）“服务贸易”指任何形式的商业活动，包括跨境供应、跨国消费、商业存在和自然人的临时流动；（2）“WTO成员”指世界贸易组织现有成员以及未来加入的成员；（3）“国民待遇”指在服务贸易领域，对其他WTO成员的服务和服务提供者给予与本国服务和服务提供者同等的待遇；（4）“市场准入”指允许其他WTO成员的服务和服务提供者在境内提供服务；（5）“逐步自由化”指按照本协议的约定，WTO成员应逐步减少和取消在服务贸易领域的限制措施。

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gats中英文对照

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