考研英语语法知识点整理

考研英语语法知识点整理

考研英语语法：倒装句

完全倒装

1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语位于句首，主语是名词，符合上述两个条件，主语和谓语可完全倒装。标志词为：here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, then, on the hill, in the river等。倒装结构：主语+谓语变为谓语+主语，成分形式没有变化，句子内容不增不减。

【例句】

The soccer fans rushed out.

掌握英语从听开始，海量免费英语资料尽在普特英语听力网.putclub.

=Out rushed the soccer fans.

球迷们冲了出去。

2.such位于句首时，主谓完全倒装。

【例句】Such was Norman Bethune, a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, and a vulgar person.这就是白求恩，一个高尚的人，一个纯粹的人，一个有道德的人，一个脱离了低级趣味的人。

部分倒装

部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前，而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必需的，否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。倒装句是最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调。

1.Only引导的倒装句

Only+状语+特定的动词+主+谓

特定的动词包括：

助动词：do, does, did, have, has, had

情态动词：can, could, shall, should, will

be动词：am, is, are, was, were

【例句】

Because you gave someone a ring, I stumbled.

=Only because you gave someone a ring did I stumble.

因为你打了个电话，所以我绊倒了。

2.否定词提前至句首主谓部分倒装

结构：否定副词+特定动词+主语+谓语

1)否定副词

常用否定副词：not, no, never, neither

特殊否定副词：seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in vain

2)特定动词

助动词，情态动词，be动词

①No soonerthan, scarcely/hardlywhen表示否定意义的词位于句首时常用部分倒装

【例句】

When I saw you for the first time, I fell in love deeply with you.

=No sooner had I seen you for the first time than I fell in love deeply with you.

=Hardly had I seen you for the first time when I fell in love deeply with you.

当我看见你的时候，就深深地爱上了你。

②Not only+特定动词+主语+谓语，but also+主语+谓语

【例句】

Inter has changed our living habit, and enhanced the efficiency of the government.

=Not only has Inter changed our living habit, but also enhanced the efficiency of the

网络不仅改变了我们的生活习惯也提高了政府的工作效率。

3.sothat结构倒装句：so为副词，副词修饰动词、形容词以及副词本身。因此有两种形式的sothat倒装

1)主语+ be+ so+表语(形容词)+that+从句(结果状语从句)

变倒装：so+表语(形容词)+be+主语+that+从句(结果状语从句)

【例句】

The food price is so high that we cannot afford any more.

=So high is the food price that we cannot afford any more.

菜价如此之高，我们都承受不起。

2)主语+谓语+so+副词(状语)+that+从句(结果状语从句)

变倒装：so+副词(状语)+特定动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语+谓语+that+从句(结果状语从句)

【例句】

You said your phone number so fast that I hardly wrote it down.

=So fast did you say your phone number that I hardly wrote it down.

你刚才电话号码说得太快了，我没有记录下来。

4.让步状语从句

1)表语倒装

Although主语+系语+表语，主句

变倒装：表语+as/though+主语+系语，主句

【例句】

Although many consumers are clever, they are always deceived by advertisements.

=Clever as/though many consumers are, they are always deceived by advertisements.

尽管很多消费者很聪明，但还是老上广告的当。

2)谓语动词的倒装

Although+主语+特定动词+谓语，主句

变倒装：谓语+as/though+主语+特定动词，主句

【例句】

Although you may object, Ill go.

=Object as you may, Ill go.

纵使你反对，我也要去。

3)状语的倒装

Although主语+谓语+状语，主句

变倒装：状语+as/though+主语+谓语，主句

【例句】

Although I like Paris much, I couldnt live there.

=Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there.

尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。