中英文文献翻译—汽车传感器

附录A: 英文文献与中文参考译文
At89S51 monolithic integrated circuit is the low power loss which ATMEL Corporation promotes, the high performance CMOS8 position monolithic integrated circuit, internal including the 4K bytes programmable Flash read-only program memory, the component uses the ATMEL Corporation's high density, the non-volatility storage technology production, compatible standard 8051 command systems and pin, and already may use the online programming (ISP), also the available conventional routes carry on the programming and the general 8 microprocessors in the monolithic integrated circuit chip, the ATMEL Corporation's function is formidable, the low end AT89S51 monolithic integrated circuit provides many high performance-to-price ratios the application situations, but applies nimbly in each kind of control domain, the debugging is convenient.
The sensor marched the automobile, medical, the industry and astronautics application domain on a large scale. Perhaps you not yet saw any changes . In safe, convenient, aspect day by day aggregate demands and so on entertainment as well as efficiency factor, in addition from all over the world politics the government office's law will enable sensor's application to obtain the unprecedented inflation.
Besides estimated that sensor in wireless and consumable domain application sudden inflation, you will also understand why passed on the feeling producer to finish the rapid development huge market and the application domain hopefully before 2010. In these sensors the majority will be microcomputer electrical system series (MEMS) and the micro system technology (MST) type, as well as application prospect very broad micro sensor. regarding the automobile system, the sensor producer may discover the massive sensing application very easily, not only includes the survey to pass on the feeling pressure, moreover including through sensing system survey inertia, position, proximity, temperature, speed of flow, strength strong , tensity, torque, vibration and inclined condition. Uses in surveying these parameters the sensing technology to be various. Passes to believe with automobile technology center technical personnel Alex Cade that “the automobile domain's sensing demand is assuming the caper type to increase to be long.”He enumer ated the chassis control, the vehicles localization/position, the object survey, the vision to strengthen, the automobile environment to heat up , well ventilated, sensor's and so on air
conditioning as well as engine and transmission control growth domains. The enhancement vehicles stability is only in numerous example one which his enumerates. US National highway Transportation Administrative bureau (NHTSA) vehicle increased recently about the side collision security aerocyst's proposition request in each steam on the two to six sensors. Although this proposition has not been forced the request use, but American, European and date the this automobile producer indicated that stemming from the security concern, they will finish before 2010 leans for all vehicles installment the surface collision security aerocyst. Certain automobile supplier, like TRW and Delphi ( the latter reaction rate the former quick) apply group of accelerometers and the pressure transmitter in the side collision security aerocyst. the automobile inertia sensing has become other hot spot. In fact, Motorola and Analog Devices () proposed that the use inertia sensor element group will manage massive will use in the vehicles tendency, guidance , the security and the electron s teering application sensing function (illustration 1). “the anti-lock braking system, the electronic braking force distribution system, follow the mark control system and of the initiative yaw control system interaction enable the automobile to have the dy namic stability,” Analog Devices said high-level using Engineer Harvey Weinberg. Motorola John P. Schuster adds: “the part group method may use core platform support many kinds of applications. It take astronautics gyroscope as the foundation, and the cost is low, the volume is small, may apply in the automobile.” light sensing technology budding the one kind used in the survey engine pressure by the Optrand development the new method using one kind of multi-purpose equipment, this equipment loaded one based on the optical fiber technology's pressure transmitter to use in diesel engine's preheating plug. Forced induction the preheating plug by one induction, a fiber optics and many signal control electronic component is composed, when the pressure surpasses 5 Pakistan , it refers to the frequency changer to be able water-cooled to provide 62% precisions, when the pressure is lower than 5 Pakistan, the error is lower than 0.2 Pakistan. this company estimated that will use this equipment for the first time in 2007. the Honeywell plan uses the light sensing technology in low cost's non-key input's passive system, the part uses this technique the technique the product to be possible to insert automobile's door knob. This sensor will contain one to be loaded with transceiver key shape optics Yuan . In order to enter in the vehicle, the vehicle owner has laid aside a key shape
part between the vehicle door knob and the automobile body. the Hall effect sensor will find in the numerous automobile functions applies the place, including induction deceleration and brake pedal's position, cam shaft position and rotational speed, barometric pressure as well as branch pipe absolute pressure (MAP). Infineon Technologies AG application Engineer Werner Roessler believed that active Hall effect sensor available in power transmission control as well as cam and crank and so on related application. “compares with the passive sensor, this has provided the higher accuracy, the better start strategy, and has surveys the crank to start a position ability,” he said. Melexis the Inc. plan uses in this technology inducing the non-contact position. new induction model the electric field induction use electrode and between them the electric field works. Freescale Semiconductor believed that its may use for to substitute the security aerocyst and other use sensor. “this induction method is helpful in makes the security aerocyst to intellectualize, because had not only considered passenger's forehead position (i.e. forehead whether to move?), moreover had considered passenger's volume and the weight, the aerocyst premature will not open,” Freescale application Engineer Don Laybourn said. this kind of sensor may install, in the border or other places have on electrode's steering wheel, like this may determine that the steering wheel is is loosened otherwise (for example, when a pilot falls asleep or cripples when), will then send out the warning signal. This method type may also let the vehicles with the stop slowly down. the vehicles seat electrode may when the vehicles go determined that in the pilot position nobody's situation carries on the brake to the vehicles. this will prevent the vehicles to enter the out of control condition, for example, when the automobile anchors when the pitch. The glass rain water and accumulates the frost to induce is other one kind of application.
参考译文：
单片机是ATMEL公司推出的低功耗，高性能CMOS8位单片机，片内含4K bytes 的可编程的Flash只读程序存储器，器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、非易失性存储技术产生，兼容标准8051指令系统及引脚，并且既可采用在线编程（ISP），也可用传统方法进行编程及通用8位微处理器于单片机芯片中，ATMEL 公司的功能强大，低价位的AT89S51单片机提供许多高性价比的应用场合，可灵活应用于各种控制领域，调试非常方便，使用也非常灵活。

传感器已大举进军汽车、医疗、工业和航天应用领域。

但您也许尚未看到任何变化。

在安全、便利、娱乐以及效率因素等方面日益增长的需求，加上世界各地政府的法令将会使传感器的应用得到空前膨胀。

除了预计传感器将在无线和消费品领域应用的急剧膨胀之外，您还会明白为何传感器生产商有望在2010年结束前迅速开发庞大的市场和应用领域。

这些传感器中的大多数将是微机电系统(MEMS)和微系统技术(MST)类型，以及应用前景十分广阔的微传感器。

对于汽车系统，传感器生产商可很容易地发现大量的传感应用，不仅包括测量传感压力，而且包括通过传感系统测量惯性、位置、接近度、温度、流速、力量强度、张力、扭矩、震动和倾斜状况。

用于测量这些参数的传感技术各不相同。

通用汽车技术中心的技术人员Alex Cade认为，“汽车领域的传感需求正呈跳跃式增长。

”他列举了底盘控制、车辆定位/位置、物体探测、视觉强化、汽车环境加温、通风、空调以及引擎和传动控制等传感器的增长领域。

增强车辆稳定性只是他列举的众多例子中的一个。

美国国家公路运输管理局(NHTSA)最近关于侧面碰撞安全气囊的提议要求在每辆汽车上增加两至六个传感器。

尽管该提议没有被强制要求使用，但美国、欧洲和日本的汽车生产商表示，出于安全考虑，他们将在2010年结束前为所有车辆安装侧面碰撞安全气囊。

某些汽车供应商，如TRW和Delphi将一组加速计和压力传感器(后者反应速度较前者快)应用于侧面碰撞安全气囊。

汽车惯性传感已成为另外一个热点。

实际上，Motorola和Analog Devices()提议使用惯性传感元件组来管理大量的将用于车辆动态、导航、安全和电子转向应用的传感功能(插图1)。

“防抱死制动系统、电子制动力分布系统、循迹控制系统和主动偏航控制系统之间的相互作用使得汽车具有动态稳定性，”Analog Devices的高级应用工程师Harvey Weinberg如是说。

Motorola的John P. Schuster补充道：“元件组方法可利用一个核心平台支持多种应用。

它以航天陀螺仪为基础，且成本低，体积小，可应用于汽车。

”
光传感技术崭露头角
一种由Optrand开发的用于测量引擎压力的新方法采用了一种多功能设备，该设备将一个基于光纤技术的压力传感器装入一个用于柴油引擎的电热塞中。

压力感应电热塞由一个感应头、一根光缆和许多信号调节电子元件组成，在压力超过5巴时,其水冷式参考变频器能提供62%的精确度，在压力低于5巴时，误差低于0.2巴。

该公司预计将于2007年首次采用该设备。

Honeywell计划在低成本的无键输入的无源系统中采用光传感技术，部分采用该技术的产品可嵌入汽车的门把手。

该传感器将包含一个装有收发器的钥匙状光学元件。

为进入车内，车主在车门把手和车身之间放置了一个钥匙状元件。

霍尔效应感应器将在众多汽车功能中找到应用场所，包括感应减速和制动踏板的位置、凸轮轴位置和转速、气压以及歧管绝对压力(MAP)。

Infineon Technologies AG的应用工程师Werner Roessler认为，有源霍尔效应传感器可用于传动系控制以及凸轮和曲轴等相关应用。

“与无源感应器相比，这提供了更高的精确性、更佳的启动策略并且具有探测曲轴启动点位置的能力，”他说。

Melexis Inc.计划将此技术用于感应非接触式位置。

一个新的感应范例电场感应利用电极和它们之间的电场来工作。

Freescale Semiconductor认为，它可用来替代安全气囊和其它用途的感应器。

“该感应方法有助于使安全气囊更为智能化，由于不仅考虑了乘客的头部位置(即头部是否移动？)，而且考虑了乘客的体积和重量，气囊将不会过早打开，”Freescale的应用工程师Don Laybourn说。

此类传感器可安装在边沿或其它地方带有电极的方向盘上，这样可确定方向盘是否被松开(如当一名驾驶员睡着时或被致残时)，然后将发出警告信号。

此方法同样也可以让车辆慢慢停下来。

车辆座位电极可在车辆行驶时确定驾驶员位置没有人的情况下对车辆进行制动。

这将防止车辆进入失控状态，例如当汽车停靠在斜坡
上时。

车窗雨水和积霜感应则是另外一种类型应用。

目前，计算机市场价格大幅度下降，采用非一体化超声波检测仪器，计算机可发挥它一机多用的各种功能，实际上是最大的节约。

过去那种全功能的仪器设置，还不如单独的超声仪，计算机可充分发挥各自特点。

高智能化检测仪器只能满足检测条件，使用环境，重复性测试内容等基本情况一样，才可充分发挥其特有功能。

仪器设计也应从实际情况出发，才能满足用户的要求。

综上所述，我国超声波仪器的研制与生产，有较大发展，有的型号已超过国外同类仪器水平。