高中语文选修《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》单元及同步练习答案解析：-第2单元夜归鹿门歌战同步练习

中国古代诗歌散文欣赏同步练习

一、基础考查

1．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一项是()

A．栖隐岩扉瀛州菩萨蛮

B．荡漾崩催鼓瑟岳阳楼

C．乾坤涕泗孤舟东南拆

D．皓腕画舫剡溪或可睹

解析：选D。A．“瀛州”应为“瀛洲”；B.“崩催”应为“崩摧”；C.“东南拆”应为“东南坼”。

2．对下列各句中，加点的词语解释正确的一项是()

A．天姥连天向天横．横：遮断

势拔．五岳掩赤城拔：超出

B．我欲因．之梦吴越因：依据

渌水荡漾清．猿啼清：清澈

C．云青青兮欲雨．雨：下雨

虎鼓．瑟兮鸾回车鼓：击鼓

D．恍惊起而长嗟．嗟：叹息

安能摧眉折腰事．权贵事：做事

解析：选A。B项，“清”应释为“凄清”；C项，“鼓”是“弹奏”；D项，“事”乃“侍奉”的意思。

3．(.·哈师大附中一模)下列各诗句的诵读停顿正确的一项是()

A．梦游天姥/吟留别B．云青青兮/欲雨

C．失向来/之烟霞D．未老/莫还乡

解析：选D。A项，“吟”为古体诗的一种体裁，应在“吟”后停顿；B项，主谓之间停顿，应在“云”后停顿；C项，动宾之间停顿，应在“失”后停顿。

4．下列句子句式特点与其他三项不．相同的一项是()

A．且放白鹿青崖间B．春水碧于天

C．戎马关山北D．而君幸于赵王

解析：选D。A项，状语后置句，句中省略“于”字；B项，状语后置句；C项，状语后置句，也省略了“于”字；D项，被动句。

二、课内阅读

(一)阅读下面这首诗，完成5～6题。

海客谈瀛洲，烟涛微茫信难求；越人语天姥，云霞明灭或可睹。天姥连天向天横，势拔五岳掩赤城。天台四万八千丈，对此欲倒东南倾。

我欲因之梦吴越，一夜飞度镜湖月。湖月照我影，送我至剡溪。谢公宿处今尚在，渌水荡漾清猿啼。脚著谢公屐，身登青云梯。半壁见海日，空中闻天鸡。千岩万转路不定，迷花倚石忽已暝。熊咆龙吟殷岩泉，栗深林兮惊层巅。云青青兮欲雨，水澹澹兮生烟。列缺霹雳，丘峦崩摧。洞天石扉，訇然中开。青冥浩荡不见底，日月照耀金银台。霓为衣兮风为马，云之君兮纷纷而来下。虎鼓瑟兮鸾回车，仙之人兮列如麻。忽魂悸以魄动，恍惊起而长嗟。惟觉时之枕席，失向来之烟霞。

世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。别君去兮何时还？且放白鹿青崖间，须行即骑访名山。安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜？

5．下列对有关诗句解说不．正确的一项是()

A．“势拔五岳掩赤城”句中的“五岳”是指东岳泰山、西岳华山、中岳嵩山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山。“势拔五岳”是说五岳气势凌云挺拔。

B．“惟觉时之枕席，失向来之烟霞”中的“向来”是“刚才，从前”的意思。这里写梦醒后的失落感，表达了难以名状的复杂心情。

C．“世间行乐亦如此，古来万事东流水。”东，方位名词作状语，向东。这两句是用比喻手法表现作者对人生的感伤，包含了诗人几多的感慨。

D．“且放白鹿青崖间，须行即骑访名山。”作者认为徜徉山水的乐趣才是最快意的。

解析：选A。A.“势拔五岳”是说天姥山山势高过了五岳。

6．下列对这首诗歌的赏析，不．恰当的一项是()

A．这是一首记梦诗，也是一首游仙诗。意境雄伟，变化惝恍莫测，想象奇特瑰丽，被视为李白的代表作之一。

B．李白一生徜徉山水之间，热爱山水，达到梦寐以求的境地。此诗所描写的梦游，也许并非完全是虚托的，这样能更好地发挥他的想象才能。

C．此诗形象辉煌流丽，缤纷多彩，富有浓郁的浪漫主义情调。

D．此诗虽然在最后有一种不卑不亢的气概，但作者逃避现实，宣扬了一种消极意味的思想，给人一定的消沉之感。

解析：选D。这首诗写梦游奇境，并非真正依托于虚幻之中，而是在神仙世界虚无飘渺的描述中，依然着眼于现实。神游天上仙境，而心觉“世间行乐亦如此”。

(二)阅读下面这首词，完成7～8题。

菩萨蛮(其二)

韦庄

人人尽说江南好，游人只合江南老。春水碧于天，画船听雨眠。垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪。未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。

7．简要概括词中从哪些方面写出了“江南好”？

答：________________________________________________________________________

答案：“春水碧于天”描绘了江南水乡的景色(风景)美(或：描绘了江南水乡的秀色)。“画船听雨眠”描绘了江南人的生活(情趣)美(或：描绘了悠然自得的情趣)。“垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪”写出了江南的人美。

8．客居他乡的人总是为思乡之情所苦，这首《菩萨蛮(其二)》却写道：“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。”试分析这两句表达了怎样的情感。

答：________________________________________________________________________

答案：久居他乡的人都会思念家乡，作者却说，不到老的时候就不要回乡，否则会因为过早离开江南而遗憾、惆怅，从侧面表达了对江南极度的赞美和留恋之情。

三、课外阅读

(一)阅读下面这首唐诗，完成9～10题。

江楼夕望招客

白居易

海天东望夕茫茫，山势川形阔复长。

灯火万家城四畔，星河一道水中央。

风吹古木晴天雨，月照平沙夏夜霜。

能就江楼消暑否，比君茅舍较清凉。

【注】白居易时任杭州刺史，这首诗是当时招朋友夜饮的即兴之作。

9．颈联运用什么修辞手法？有什么作用？

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

答案：比喻。将风吹古木声比作雨声，将月照平沙比作白霜，表现夏夜风光的清凉与宁静。

10．有人说，全诗“望”字统领全篇，你认为对吗？请结合全诗简要分析。

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

答案：对。诗人从远眺起笔，登上望海楼向东远望，天海一片苍茫，颔联写近景，灯火阑珊，星河闪烁，都是俯瞰所见；颈联写风吹古木，月照平沙，景色由远而近，均围绕“望”字展开，气势雄伟，意境开阔。

(二)阅读下面这首唐诗，完成11～12题。

咸阳值雨

咸阳桥上雨如悬，万点空蒙隔钓船。

还似洞庭春水色，晓云将入岳阳天。

11．“万点空蒙隔钓船”一句中“隔”字精当传神，请结合诗句加以分析。

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

答案：“钓船”是诗中实景，诗人用一个“隔”字，便把它推到迷蒙的烟雨之外，若隐若现，似有似无，像是要溶化在设色清淡的画面里一样，有超于象外的远致。(大意对即可) 12．本诗主要运用了什么表现手法，有怎样的表达效果，请结合全诗分析。

答：________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

答案：虚实结合(联想或想象也可以)。这首诗前两句实写咸阳烟水空蒙的雨景，后两句“还似”二字将洞庭春景和咸阳雨景联系起来，突出了景色的烟水空蒙，描绘出了一幅壮阔飞动、无比清奇的图画，虚写洞庭湖气蒸波撼的春色，由实入虚，以虚衬实，有力突出了山水清旷迷离之美。作者着意描写巴陵湖畔的云容水色，其目的在于用它来烘托咸阳的雨景，使它更为突出。这是一种借助联想，以虚间实，因宾见主的借形之法，将两种似乎无关的景物，从空间上加以联系，构成了本诗在艺术上的特色。

四、语言运用

13．在下面句子的横线处另选两个人物，并化用其作品(不必完全引用)，补充两个句子，做到内容连贯，句式一致。

是中国人，就有权利向上帝要一座山。杜甫需要一座泰山，让他领略“一览众山小”的豪迈；________________，__________________；________________，______________；毛泽东需要一座井冈山，让他胸有“凌云志”，取得建立新中国的胜利。

答案：(示例)李白需要一座天姥山让他追求“日月照耀金银台”的光明与自由苏轼需要一座庐山让他认识“只缘身在此山中”的哲理

14．(.·东北师大附中一模)给下面的一则新闻拟一个标题。(不超过10个字)

在G20成员国中，代表着世界级新兴大国的“金砖四国”中国、俄罗斯、印度和巴西日渐引人注目。“金砖四国”都是G20的成员国。这四个国家使G20能够在世界舞台上发挥更大的作用。虽然G8扩大会议中有时也会包括中国、印度等新兴经济体，但这毕竟不是正式机制。G8成员仍然只有8个国家。仅仅依靠这8个国家来应对越来越全球化的挑战，已经显得很不合时宜。最近的金融危机说明，拥有“金砖四国”等新兴经济体的G20，在应对全球性危机方面更有效，也更为重要。

答：________________________________________________________________________

答案：“金砖四国”使G20更重要

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选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

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