结构力学专业词汇
结构力学名词解释英文版
Structural Mechanics (结构力学)（仅供参考！！！！）1.what can be regarded as a rigid body?(那些构件可以作为刚片)Answer:A geometrically stable system, the groundand a member can all be recognized as rigid bodies2. forms of member structure (杆件结构类型) Answer :1.beam （梁）2。
Arch(拱)3.rigid frame(刚架)4.truss(桁架)3.what’s statically determinate structure ?(什么事静定结构) Answer: A structure is considered to be statically determinate structure if it has no redundant restraints.4. what’s statically indeterminate structure?(什么是超静定结构)Answer: A structure with redundant restraints is considered to be statically indeterminate structure.5.what’s positive bending moment? (什么是正弯矩)（负弯矩：negative bending moment）Answer: The bending moment causing tension in bottom fiber and compression in top fiber. (正弯矩)The bending moment causing tension in top fiber and compression in bottom fiber. (负弯矩)6. what are positive and negative shear forces?(剪力正负号规定)Answer: The shear force is positive if the shear force rotates Clockwise about the designate(指定) point. The shear force is negative if the shear force rotates anti-clockwise about the designate point.7. what’s zero-member ?(什么是零杆)（中文版P43）（此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer : The member is regarded as a zero-member if its internal forces are equal to zero in truss .8. What is two-force member ?(什么是二力杆)(英语书P110)(此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer: A member with no loads applied between its ends is called two-force member.9.What are the characteristics of forces acting on an arch ?(拱的受力特点)(英语版P92-P94，中文版P32)（此题解释可能不是太准确）Answer:It will cause horizontal reactions at supports of the arch under the action of vertical loads and the horizontal reactions are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction .10. Rules of geometrical construction (几何组成规则)（1）two-rigid body rule：（两刚片规则）The two rigid bodies, connected by a hinge and a link that。
结构力学名词解释
结构力学名词解释
结构力学是研究结构在外力作用下的变形、应力、应变及其相互关系的力学学科。
下面是一些与结构力学相关的常见名词解释：
1. 结构：指由材料构成的具有一定形状和功能的物体或设施，如建筑物、桥梁、机械设备等。
2. 变形：物体在受力作用下产生的形状或尺寸的改变。
变形可分为弹性变形和塑性变形。
3. 应力：物体受力后内部产生的单位面积上的力，常用符号σ
表示。
应力可分为正应力、剪应力等。
4. 应变：物体在受力后相对于原来形状发生的相对变化，常用符号ε表示。
应变可分为线性应变、体积应变等。
5. 弹性：物体在受力后能够恢复到原始状态的能力，即受力后产生的变形是可逆的。
6. 强度：材料抵抗外力破坏的能力。
常用的指标包括抗拉强度、抗压强度、抗剪强度等。
7. 刚度：材料或结构抵抗变形的能力。
刚度越大，变形越小。
常用的指标有刚度系数和弹性模量。
8. 破坏准则：材料遭受破坏的条件或指标。
常见的破坏准则有
强度学说、应变能准则等。
9. 荷载：作用在结构上的外力或力矩。
常见的荷载包括静荷载、动荷载、温度荷载等。
10. 杆件：结构中的直线构件，可以承受拉压力。
常见的杆件
有梁、柱、杆等。
以上是一些常见的结构力学名词解释，希望能对您有所帮助。
力学词汇
1通类名词牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics, macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics, micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics 理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量]Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量]Hamiltonian 哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿雅--可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsiz ing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring,hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系distributed parameter system 优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchroniz ation超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method,Wentz el-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration,random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot 喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabiliz er陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角az imuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession 半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain 应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性]self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material 散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horiz ontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem 率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localiz ation应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain 永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸convexity of yield surface 截面形状因shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response 塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field 静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关prandtl-Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion 洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷]snow load风载[荷]wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis 结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength-stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics,LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics,EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement,COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle,CTOA 裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement,CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive z one塑性区plastic z one张拉区stretched z one热影响区heat affected z one,HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件DEN specimen，double edge notched specimen,单边缺口试件SEN specimen，single edge notched specimen三点弯曲试件TPB specimen,three point bending specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件CCT specimen, center cracked tension specimen中心裂纹板试件CCP specimen，center cracked panel specimen,紧凑拉伸试件CT specimen,compact tension specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布Weibull distribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment,PRA损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤变量damage variable损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage z one疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳辉纹fatigue striations疲劳阈值fatigue threshold交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth,crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain]gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移z ero shift,z ero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage 集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance[strain]gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equal Displacement 暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication干涉条纹interference fringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress-optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性photo-thermo-elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polariz er反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freez ing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern 暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法shearography，speckle-shearing interferometry,散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyz er grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generaliz ed variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washiz u principle 赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretiz ation离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generaliz ed displacement广义载荷generaliz ed load广义应变generaliz ed strain广义应力generaliz ed stress界面变量interface variable节点node,nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element 四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix 质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式z ero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure流体力学流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid,inviscid fluid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Z houkowski condition布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动]flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path,path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate,flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet,dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力]total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow,non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动]incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet扰动disturbance,perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性]dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动]subsonic flow跨声速流[动]transonic flow超声速流[动]supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动]non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动]compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强]over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed,wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current,gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment,deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动]viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake[flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow,tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminariz ation起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction,frictional drag。
材料、结构力学名词英文
材料、结构力学名词英文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1力学 mechanics 牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics 静力学 statics 运动学 kinematics 动力学 dynamics子波 wavelet 次级子波 secondary wavele 驻波 standing wave声强 intensity of sound 声强计 phonometer 声调 intonation音色 musical quality 音调 pitch 声级 sound level声压[强] sound pressure 声源 sound source 声阻抗 acoustic impedance声抗 acoustic reactance 声阻 acoustic resistance 声导纳 acoustic admittance声导 acoustic conductance 声纳 acoustic susceptance 声共振 acoustic resonance声波 sound wave 超声波 supersonic wave 声速 sound velocity次声波 infrasonic wave 亚声速 subsonic speed又称“亚音速”。
超声速 supersonic speed又称“超音速”。
声呐 sonar 共鸣 resonance回波 echo 回声 echo 拍 beat 拍频 beat frequency群速 group velocity 相速 phase velocity 能流 energy flux能流密度 energy flux density 材料力学 mechanics of materials, strength of materials 应力 stress 法向应力 normal stress 剪[切]应力 shear stress单轴应力 uniaxial stress 双轴应力 biaxial stress 拉[伸]应力 tensile stress压[缩]应力 compressive stress 周向应力 circumferential stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress 轴向应力 axial stress弯[曲]应力 bending stress, flexural stress 扭[转]应力 torsional stress局部应力 localized stress 残余应力 residual stress 热应力 thermal stress最大法向应力 maximum normal stress 最小法向应力 minimum normal stress最大剪应力 maximum shear stress 主应力 principal stress主剪应力 principal shear stress 工作应力 working stress 许用应力 allowable stress 应力集中 stress concentration 应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力状态 state of stress 应力分析 stress analysis结构[强度]分析 structured analysis 应变 strain 剪[切]应变 shear strain法向应变 normal strain 拉[伸]应变 tensile strain 压[缩]应变 compressive strain 体积应变 volumetric strain 残余应变 residual strain 热应变 thermal strain最大法向应变 maximum normal strain 主应变 principal strain主剪应变 principal shear strain 名义应变 nominal strain应变状态 state of strain 载荷 load又称“荷载”。
结构力学术语索引(英汉对照,上)
结构力学术语索引（按汉语拼音顺序）B板壳结构plate and shell structure变形延续（协调）条件compatibility and condition of deformation 变形体的虚功原理principle of virtual work for deformable bodyC自由度degree of freedom常变体系constantly changeable system初参数法method of initial parameter超静定结构statically indeterminate structure超静定次数degree of indeterminacy自内力self-internal force超静定结构的位移displacement of statically indeterminate structure 传递系数carry-over factorD动力荷载dynamic load多余约束redundant restraint代替杆法method of substitution of bars单位支座位移法unit load method对称结构symmetrical structure对称荷载symmetrical loadF反驳称荷载antisymmetrical load分配系数distribution factor反力互等定理theorem of reciprocal reactionG杆件结构structure of bar system滚轴支座roller support固定支座fixed support马路标准荷载highway standard load拱arch刚架frame刚臂rigid arm刚度方程stiffness equation固端弯矩stiffness coefficient固端剪力fixed-end shear force广义位移generalized displacement功的互等定理theorem of reciprocal worksH桁架truss桁架影响线influence line of truss合理拱轴线optional centre line of the arch换算荷载equivalent load活载最不利分布most unfavourable distribution of live loads 荷载load互等定理reciprocal theoremsJ结构的计算简图computing model of structure铰支座hinge support结构structure几何构造分析geometric construction analysis几何不变体系geometrically unchangeable system几何可变体系geometrically changeable system计算自由度computational degree of freedom静定结构statically determinate structure静定多跨梁statically determinate multi-span beam静定平面刚架statically determinate plane frame静力荷载static load静力法static method结点荷载joint load结点荷载作用下的影响线influence line under joint load 绝对最大弯矩absolute maximum bending moment结点角位移joint rotation displacement结点线位移joint translation displacement结构的刚度矩阵stiffness matrix of structure渐进法successive approximation method机动法kinematic methodK卡氏第一定理Castigliano’s first theorem克罗蒂-恩格塞定理Crotti-Engesser’s theorem卡氏第二定理Castgliano’s second theorem空间桁架space truss空间刚架space frameL梁beam力法force method延续梁continuous beam力法的基本未知量primary unknown of force method力法的基本结构primary structure of force method力法的基本体系primary system of force method力法的基本方程basic equations of force method两铰拱two-hinged arch带拉杆的两铰拱two-hinged arch with tension bar力矩分配法method of moment distribution零载法method of zero loadN内力影响线influence line of internal force内力包络图envelope of internal forceR柔度系数flexibility coefficient柔度矩阵flexibility matrixS实体结构massive structure瞬变体系instantaneously changeable system瞬铰instantaneous hinge三铰拱three-hinged arch三铰拱的压力线line of pressure in three hinged archT铁路标准荷载railway standard load弹性中央elastic centre弹性中央法method of elastic centre图乘法method of graph multiplication通路法method of closed loopW位移法displacement method位移法的基本未知量primary unknown in displacement method 位移法的基本方程basic equation in displacement method温度应（内）力temperature stress(internal force)无铰拱hingeless arch无侧移刚架rigid frame without sidesway位移法的基本体系primary system in displacement method位移法的基本结构primary structure in displacement method位移法典型方程canonical equations in displacement method无剪力分配法no-shear moment distribution method弯矩包络图envelope for bending moment位移互等定理theorem of reciprocal displacement位移反力互等定理theorem of reciprocal displacement-reaction 位移影响线influence line of displacement位移displacementX悬索cable虚功原理principle of virtual work虚力原理principle of virtual forceY约束constraint , or restraint影响线influence line影响系数influence factor应变能strain energy应变余能complementary energy of strain有侧移刚架rigid frame with sideswayZ组合结构composite structure转角位移方程slope-deflection equation转动刚度rotational stiffness。
结构力学名词解释
结构力学名词解释结构力学是力学的一个分支，主要研究刚体和物体的运动、变形、应力和应变等力学问题。
1. 刚体：刚体是指物体所有点之间的相对位置在运动或作用力下不发生改变的物体。
刚体不会发生形变，其运动可以用平动和转动两种方式描述。
2. 运动学：运动学研究物体的运动状态，主要研究物体的位移、速度和加速度等。
运动学分为平动运动和转动运动两大类。
3. 平动运动：物体的所有点在同一时间内沿着相同方向移动，并且移动的距离相等。
平动运动可以用质心的位置、速度和加速度来描述。
4. 转动运动：物体的某一点围绕某个轴进行旋转运动。
转动运动可以用角度、角速度和角加速度来描述。
5. 力：力是促使物体发生运动或变形的物理量，用矢量表示。
力的单位是牛顿(N)，它等于1千克质量在1秒钟内获得的加速度。
6. 应力：应力是物体内部受到的单位面积力的大小，用矢量表示。
常用的应力有压应力和剪应力。
7. 压应力：压应力是垂直于物体表面的作用力对单位面积的大小。
压应力可以导致物体的压缩变形。
8. 剪应力：剪应力是平行于物体表面的作用力对单位面积的大小。
剪应力可以导致物体的剪切变形。
9. 应变：应变是物体在受到外力作用下发生形变的程度，用无量纲的比例表示。
常用的应变有线性应变和切变应变。
10. 线性应变：线性应变是物体的长度与原始长度之差与原始长度的比值。
线性应变可以用来描述物体的拉伸或压缩变形。
11. 切变应变：切变应变是物体内部某一点沿切面上的平均切线方向的位移与该点到切面的距离的比值。
切变应变可以用来描述物体的剪切变形。
12. 应力-应变关系：应力-应变关系描述了物体在外力作用下产生应变的规律。
材料的应力-应变关系可以通过实验得到，常用的应力-应变关系包括线弹性、非线弹性和塑性等。
以上是结构力学中的一些重要名称和概念的解释，结构力学在实际工程中具有重要的应用价值，能够帮助工程师分析和设计各种结构的力学性能。
结构力学英语词汇
结构力学结构分析结构动力学拱三铰拱抛物线拱圆拱穹顶空间结构空间桁架雪载[荷] 风载[荷] 土压力地震载荷弹簧支座支座位移支座沉降超静定次数机动分析结点法截面法结点力共轭位移影响线三弯矩方程刚度系数柔度系数力矩分配力矩分配法力矩再分配分配系数矩阵位移法单元刚度矩阵单元应变矩阵总体坐标贝蒂定理高斯若尔当消去法屈曲模态复合材料力学复合材料纤维复合材料单向复合材料泡沫复合材料颗粒复合材料层板夹层板正交层板斜交层板层片多胞固体膨胀压实劣化脱层脱粘纤维应力层应力层应变层间应力比强度强度折减系数强度应力比横向剪切模量横观各向同性正交各向异剪滞分析短纤维长纤维纤维方向纤维断裂纤维拔脱纤维增强致密化最小重量设计网格分析法混合律蔡吴失效准则 u 达格代尔模型断裂力学概率断裂力学格里菲思理论线弹性断裂力学 , 弹塑性断裂力学 , 断裂脆性断裂解理断裂蠕变断裂延性断裂晶间断裂准解理断裂穿晶断裂裂纹裂缝缺陷割缝微裂纹折裂椭圆裂纹深埋裂纹[钱]币状裂纹预制裂纹表面裂纹裂纹钝化裂纹分叉裂纹闭合裂纹前缘裂纹嘴裂纹张开角裂纹张开位移 , 裂纹阻力裂纹面裂纹尖端裂尖张角 ,裂尖张开位移 , 裂尖奇异场裂纹扩展速率稳定裂纹扩展定常裂纹扩展亚临界裂纹扩展裂纹[扩展]减速止裂止裂韧度断裂类型滑开型张开型撕开型撕裂撕裂模量断裂准则J积分J阻力曲线断裂韧度应力强度因子场守恒积分有效应力张量应变能密度能量释放率内聚区塑性区张拉区热影响区 , 延脆转变温度固体力学弹性力学弹性理论均匀应力状态应力不变量应变不变量应变椭球均匀应变状态应变协调方程拉梅常量各向同性弹性旋转圆盘楔开尔文问题布西内斯克问题艾里应力函数克罗索夫穆斯赫利什维利法基尔霍夫假设板矩形板圆板环板波纹板加劲板中厚板弯[曲]应力函数壳扁壳旋转壳球壳[圆]柱壳锥壳环壳封闭壳扭[转]应力函数翘曲函数半逆解法瑞利里茨法松弛法莱维法松弛量纲分析自相似[性]影响面接触应力赫兹理论协调接触滑动接触滚动接触压入各向异性弹性颗粒材料散体力学热弹性超弹性粘弹性对应原理褶皱塑性全量理论微滑粗糙度非线性弹性大挠度突弹跳变有限变形格林应变阿尔曼西应变弹性动力学运动方程准静态的气动弹性水弹性颤振弹性波简单波柱面波水平剪切波竖直剪切波体波无旋波畸变波膨胀波瑞利波等容波界面波边缘效应塑性力学可成形性金属成形耐撞性结构抗撞毁性拉拔破坏机构回弹挤压冲压穿透层裂塑性理论安定[性]理论运动安定定理静力安定定理率相关理论载荷因子加载准则加载函数加载面塑性加载塑性加载波比例加载卸载卸载波冲击载荷阶跃载荷脉冲载荷极限载荷中性变载拉抻失稳加速度波本构方程完全解名义应力过应力真应力等效应力流动应力应力间断应力空间主应力空间静水应力状态对数应变工程应变等效应变应变局部化应变率敏感性应变空间有限应变塑性应变增量累积塑性应变永久变形内变量应变软化理想刚塑性材料刚塑性材料理想塑性材料材料稳定性应变偏张量应力偏张量应变球张量应力球张量路径相关性线性强化应变强化随动强化各向同性强化强化模量幂强化塑性极限弯矩塑性极限扭矩弹塑性弯曲弹塑性交界面弹塑性扭转粘塑性非弹性理想弹塑性材料极限分析极限设计极限面上限定理上屈服点下限定理下屈服点界限定理初始屈服面后继屈服面屈服面[的]外凸性截面形状因子沙堆比拟屈服屈服条件屈服准则屈服函数屈服面塑性势能量吸收装置能量耗散率塑性动力学塑性动力屈曲塑性动力响应塑性波运动容许场静力容许场流动法则速度间断滑移线滑移线场移行塑性铰塑性增量理论米泽斯屈服准则普朗特罗伊斯关系特雷斯卡屈服准则洛德应力参数莱维米泽斯关系亨基应力方程赫艾韦斯特加德应力空间洛德应变参数德鲁克公设盖林格速度方程连续过程碰撞截面通用气体常数燃烧不稳定性稀释度完全离解火焰传播组份碰撞反应速率燃烧理论浓度梯度阴极腐蚀火焰速度火焰驻定火焰结构着火湍流火焰层流火焰燃烧带渗流 ,达西定律赫尔-肖流毛[细]管流过滤爪进不互溶驱替不互溶流体互溶驱替互溶流体流度比渗透率孔隙度多孔介质比面迂曲度空隙空隙分数注水可湿性地球物理流体动力学物理海洋学大气环流海洋环流海洋流旋转流平流埃克曼流埃克曼边界层大气边界层大气-海洋相互作用埃克曼数罗斯贝数罗斯贝波斜压性内磨擦海洋波盐度环境流体力学斯托克斯流羽流理查森数污染源污染物扩散噪声噪声级噪声污染排放物工业流体力学流控技术轴向流并向流对向流横向流螺旋流旋拧流滞后流混合层抖振风压附壁效应 ,简约频率爆炸力学终点弹道学动态超高压技术流体弹塑性体热塑不稳定性空中爆炸地下爆炸水下爆炸电爆炸激光爆炸核爆炸点爆炸殉爆强爆炸粒子束爆炸聚爆起爆爆破霍普金森杆电炮电磁炮爆炸洞轻气炮马赫反射基浪成坑能量沉积爆心爆炸当量火球爆高蘑菇云侵彻规则反射崩落应变率史流变学聚合物减阻挤出[物]胀大 , 无管虹吸剪胀效应孔压[误差]效应 [] 剪切致稠剪切致稀触变性反触变性超塑性粘弹塑性材料滞弹性材料本构关系麦克斯韦模型沃伊特-开尔文模型宾厄姆模型奥伊洛特模型幂律模型应力松驰应变史应力史记忆函数衰退记忆应力增长粘度函数相对粘度复态粘度拉伸粘度拉伸流动第一法向应力差第二法向应力差德博拉数魏森贝格数动态模量振荡剪切流宇宙气体动力学等离[子]体动力学电离气体行星边界层泊肃叶-哈特曼流] 哈特曼数生物流变学生物流体生物屈服点生物屈服应力电气体力学铁流体力学血液流变学 ,血液动力学磁流体力学磁流体动力学 ,磁流体动力波磁流体流磁流体动力稳定性生物力学生物流体力学生物固体力学宾厄姆塑性流开尔文体沃伊特体可贴变形可贴曲面边界润滑液膜润滑离心收缩功关节反作用力微循环力学微纤维渗透性生理横截面积农业生物力学纤维度硬皮度胶粘度粘稠度嫩度渗透流易位流蒸腾流过滤阻力压扁风雪流停滞堆积遇阻堆积沙漠地面流沙固定流动阈值通类名词力学牛顿力学经典力学静力学运动学动力学动理学宏观力学细观力学微观力学一般力学固体力学流体力学理论力学应用力学工程力学实验力学计算力学理性力学物理力学地球动力学力作用点作用线力系力系的简化等效力系刚体力的可传性平行四边形定则力三角形力多边形零力系平衡力的平衡平衡条件平衡位置平衡态分析力学拉格朗日乘子拉格朗日[量]拉格朗日括号循环坐标循环积分哈密顿[量]哈密顿函数正则方程正则摄动正则变换正则变量哈密顿原理作用量积分哈密顿雅可比方程作用角度变量阿佩尔方程劳斯方程拉格朗日函数诺特定理泊松括号边界积分法并矢运动稳定性轨道稳定性李雅普诺夫函数渐近稳定性结构稳定性久期不稳定性弗洛凯定理倾覆力矩自由振动固有振动暂态环境振动反共振衰减库仑阻尼同相分量非同相分量超调量参量[激励]振动模糊振动临界转速阻尼器半峰宽度集总参量系统相平面法相轨迹等倾线法跳跃现象负阻尼达芬方程希尔方程方法 , '马蒂厄方程平均法组合音调解谐耗散函数硬激励硬弹簧 ,谐波平衡法久期项自激振动分界线亚谐波软弹簧软激励邓克利公式瑞利定理分布参量系统优势频率模态分析固有模态同步超谐波范德波尔方程频谱基频方法 ,缓冲器风激振动嗡鸣倒谱颤动蛇行阻抗匹配机械导纳机械效率机械阻抗随机振动 , 隔振减振应力过冲喘振摆振起伏运动起伏振荡驰振陀螺动力学陀螺摆陀螺平台陀螺力矩陀螺稳定器陀螺体惯性导航姿态角方位角舒勒周期机器人动力学多体系统多刚体系统机动性凯恩方法转子[系统]动力学转子[一支承一基础]系统静平衡动平衡静不平衡动不平衡现场平衡不平衡不平衡量互耦力挠性转子分频进动半频进动油膜振荡转子临界转速自动定心亚临界转速涡动。
结构力学专业名词
结构力学专业名词结构力学结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture 脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature 固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity 大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave 体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation 聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number 魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of -phase component 超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system 相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl。
结构力学知识点
结构力学知识点结构力学是研究结构在外力作用下的受力和变形规律的学科，它涉及到力学、材料科学、数学等多个领域的知识。
以下是结构力学的主要知识点总结：1. 基本概念- 外力：作用在结构上的力，包括重力、风力、地震力等。
- 内力：结构内部由于外力作用而产生的力，如拉力、压力、剪力等。
- 变形：结构在外力作用下形状或尺寸的变化。
- 刚度：结构抵抗变形的能力。
- 强度：结构在外力作用下不发生破坏的能力。
2. 基本假设- 材料均质连续：假设结构材料是均匀且连续分布的。
- 线弹性：材料的应力与应变关系遵循胡克定律，即在弹性范围内应力与应变成正比。
- 小变形：结构的变形量远小于原始尺寸，可以忽略变形对结构受力的影响。
3. 基本方法- 静力平衡：通过静力平衡方程求解结构的内力。
- 虚功原理：利用虚功原理求解结构的位移和应力。
- 能量方法：通过能量守恒原理分析结构的受力和变形。
- 有限元分析：利用数值方法将结构离散化，通过计算机求解结构的受力和变形。
4. 基本构件- 杆件：承受轴向力的构件，如梁、柱。
- 梁：承受弯矩和剪力的构件，通常承受垂直于轴线的载荷。
- 板：承受面内力的构件，如楼板、墙板。
- 壳：承受曲面内力的构件，如屋顶、管道。
5. 基本理论- 材料力学：研究材料在外力作用下的应力、应变和破坏规律。
- 弹性力学：研究材料在弹性范围内的应力、应变和变形规律。
- 塑性力学：研究材料在塑性变形范围内的应力、应变和变形规律。
- 断裂力学：研究材料在外力作用下的裂纹扩展和断裂规律。
6. 分析方法- 刚度法：通过建立结构的刚度矩阵求解结构的位移和内力。
- 柔度法：通过建立结构的柔度矩阵求解结构的位移和内力。
- 弯矩分配法：一种简化的梁结构分析方法，通过分配弯矩来求解结构的内力。
- 影响线法：通过绘制结构的弯矩、剪力等影响线来分析结构的受力。
7. 结构稳定性- 屈曲：结构在外力作用下失去稳定性，发生弯曲变形。
- 振动：结构在外力作用下发生的周期性运动。
结构力学名词解释1
名词解释平断面假定：平断面假定就是指梁在弯曲前的断面在弯曲后仍为平面。
弯曲要素：梁的弯矩M，剪力N,转角，挠度V称为梁的弯曲要素。
梁的边界条件：就是梁端弯曲要素的特定值或者弯曲要素之间的特定关系，它们取决于梁端的支座情况。
叠加原理：梁上受到几种外力作用时的弯曲要素可以分别计算各外力单独作用时的弯曲要素后叠加得到。
三弯矩方程：变形连续方程式中每个方程式中最多包括三个弯矩。
力法的一般原理:1）将静不定结构的多余约束去掉，代以约束反力，使其成为静定结构2）在去掉的约束出现约束反力的地方列变形连续方程式以保证基本结构的变形与原结构相同。
3）变形连续方程式求出未知力，并进一步可求出结构的弯曲要素。
位移法求解思路：1）决定未知转角数目。
2）假定两端刚性固定，计算固端弯矩。
3）假定将加固的各节点强迫转动，按公式（5-5）写出杆端弯矩，并按（5-7）写出杆端总弯矩。
4）对发生转动的各节点建立节点弯矩平衡方程式(5-8)5）求解弯矩平衡方程式组，从而求出各杆的弯曲要素。
转角：转矩：虚位移原理：它研究的是一组真实力系有任意满足变形协调条件的虚位移过程中做功的情况。
虚力原理：设结构在外力作用下处于平衡状态，如果给外力一个不破坏静力平衡条件及静力边界条件的虚变化，并且由此虚力产生的变形是协调的，则外力的虚余功必等于结构的虚余能，这就是虚力原理。
位能驻值原理：总位能（应变能与力位能的和）有一驻值（极大值或极小值），故&II=0表示的关系称为位能驻值原理。
板条xx：在研究板的筒形弯曲时的通常做法就是在板的筒形部分沿弯曲方向取一个单位的狭条梁来考虑，并且把此狭条梁称为板条梁。
板的分类：1）刚性板——中面力对弯曲要素可以忽略不计的板。
2）柔性板——中面力对弯曲要素不可忽略不计的板。
3）薄膜——板的中面力远较弯曲力为大，板主要靠中面拉力承载。
板的后屈曲性能：板在失稳后不是立即破坏，还能承受一定程度的压缩荷重，这一现象称为板具有“后屈曲强度”,研究板后屈曲强度的问题有叫做研究板的后屈曲性能。
结构力学专业英语
结构力学结构力学structural mechanics 结构分析structural analysis 结构动力学structural dynamics 拱Arch 三铰拱three-hinged arch 抛物线拱parabolic arch 圆拱circular arch 穹顶Dome 空间结构space structure 空间桁架space truss 雪载[荷] snow load 风载[荷] wind load 土压力earth pressure 地震载荷earthquake loading 弹簧支座spring support 支座位移support displacement 支座沉降support settlement 超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis 结点法method of joints 截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement 影响线influence line 三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient 柔度系数flexibility coefficient 力矩分配moment distribution 力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution 分配系数distribution factor 矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix 总体坐标global coordinates 贝蒂定理Betti theorem 高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode 复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite 单向复合材料unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite 颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Laminate 夹层板sandwich panel 正交层板cross-ply laminate 斜交层板angle-ply laminate 层片Ply 多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion 压实Debulk 劣化Degradation 脱层Delamination 脱粘Debond 纤维应力fiber stress 层应力ply stress 层应变ply strain 层间应力interlaminar stress 比强度specific strength 强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy 正交各向异Orthotropy 剪滞分析shear lag analysis 短纤维chopped fiber 长纤维continuous fiber 纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break 纤维拔脱fiber pull-out 纤维增强fiber reinforcement 致密化Densification 最小重量设计optimum weight design 网格分析法netting analysis 混合律rule of mixture 失效准则failure criterion 蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model 断裂力学fracture mechanics 概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics 格里菲思理论Griffith theory 线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture 解理断裂cleavage fracture 蠕变断裂creep fracture 延性断裂ductile fracture 晶间断裂inter-granular fracture 准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture 穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture 裂纹Crack 裂缝Flaw 缺陷Defect 割缝Slit 微裂纹Microcrack 折裂Kink 椭圆裂纹elliptical crack 深埋裂纹embedded crack [钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack 预制裂纹Precrack 短裂纹short crack 表面裂纹surface crack 裂纹钝化crack blunting 裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure 裂纹前缘crack front 裂纹嘴crack mouth 裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA 裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance 裂纹面crack surface 裂纹尖端crack tip 裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA 裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate 稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth 定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth 亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation 止裂crack arrest 止裂韧度arrest toughness 断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode 张开型opening mode 撕开型tearing mode 复合型mixed mode 撕裂Tearing 撕裂模量tearing modulus 断裂准则fracture criterion J积分J-integral J阻力曲线J-resistance curve 断裂韧度fracture toughness 应力强度因子stress intensity factor HRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分conservation integral 有效应力张量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density 能量释放率energy release rate 内聚区cohesive zone 塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone 热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ 延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带shear band 剪切唇shear lip 无损检测non-destructive inspection 双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen 单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen 三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula 空穴化Cavitation 应力腐蚀stress corrosion 概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics 损伤Damage 连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics 累积损伤accumulated damage 脆性损伤brittle damage 延性损伤ductile damage 宏观损伤macroscopic damage 细观损伤microscopic damage 微观损伤microscopic damage 损伤准则damage criterion 损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening 损伤强化damage strengthening 损伤张量damage tensor 损伤阈值damage threshold 损伤变量damage variable 损伤矢量damage vector 损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue 低周疲劳low cycle fatigue 应力疲劳stress fatigue 随机疲劳random fatigue 蠕变疲劳creep fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue 疲劳损伤fatigue damage 疲劳失效fatigue failure 疲劳断裂fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹fatigue crack 疲劳寿命fatigue life 疲劳破坏fatigue rupture 疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳辉纹fatigue striations 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue 应力循环stress cycle 应力比stress ratio 安全寿命safe life 过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage 裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation 循环比cycle ratio 实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage 基底材料backing material 应力计stress gage 零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift 应变测量strain measurement 应变计strain gage 应变指示器strain indicator 应变花strain rosette 应变灵敏度strain sensitivity 机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette 引伸仪Extensometer 应变遥测telemetering of strain 横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity 焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge 粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage 粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing 电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique 基准电桥reference bridge 电阻应变计resistance strain gage 温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage 集流器slip ring 应变放大镜strain amplifier 疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage 电感应变计inductance [strain] gage 光[测]力学Photomechanics 光弹性Photoelasticity 光塑性Photoplasticity 杨氏条纹Young fringe 双折射效应birefrigent effect 等位移线contour of equal Displacement 暗条纹dark fringe 条纹倍增fringe multiplication 干涉条纹interference fringe 等差线Isochromatic 等倾线Isoclinic 等和线isopachic 应力光学定律stress- optic law 主应力迹线Isostatic 亮条纹light fringe 光程差optical path difference 热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method 光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity 空间滤波spatial filtering 空间频率spatial frequency 起偏镜Polarizer 反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope 残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect 应变条纹值strain fringe value 应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity 应力冻结效应stress freezing effect 应力条纹值stress fringe value 应力光图stress-optic pattern 暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect 脉冲全息法pulsed holography 透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry 网格法grid method 全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity 全息图Hologram 全息照相Holograph 全息干涉法holographic interferometry 全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography 全场分析法whole-field analysis 散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle 错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram 白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry [叠栅]云纹moire fringe [叠栅]云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern 离面云纹法off-plane moire method 参考栅reference grating 试件栅specimen grating 分析栅analyzer grating 面内云纹法in-plane moire method 脆性涂层法brittle-coating method 条带法strip coating method 坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 计算结构力学computational structural mechanics 加权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限[单]元法finite element method 配点法point collocation 里茨法Ritz method 广义变分原理generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法least square method 胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle 赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理modified variational Principle 约束变分原理constrained variational Principle 混合法mixed method 杂交法hybrid method 边界解法boundary solution method 有限条法finite strip method 半解析法semi-analytical method 协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element 混合元mixed element 杂交元hybrid element 边界元boundary element 强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization 离散系统discrete system 连续问题continuous problem 广义位移generalized displacement 广义载荷generalized load 广义应变generalized strain 广义应力generalized stress 界面变量interface variable 节点node, nodal point [单]元Element 角节点corner node 边节点mid-side node 内节点internal node 无节点变量nodeless variable 杆元bar element 桁架杆元truss element 梁元beam element 二维元two-dimensional element 一维元one-dimensional element 三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element 板元plate element 壳元shell element 厚板元thick plate element 三角形元triangular element 四边形元quadrilateral element 四面体元tetrahedral element 曲线元curved element 二次元quadratic element 线性元linear element 三次元cubic element 四次元quartic element 等参[数]元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element 亚参数元sub-parametric element 节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family 巧凑边点元serendipity element 巧凑边点族serendipity family 无限元infinite element 单元分析element analysis 单元特性element characteristics 刚度矩阵stiffness matrix 几何矩阵geometric matrix 等效节点力equivalent nodal force 节点位移nodal displacement 节点载荷nodal load 位移矢量displacement vector 载荷矢量load vector 质量矩阵mass matrix 集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix 相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 阻尼矩阵damping matrix 瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping 刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix 质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements 局部坐标系local coordinate system 局部坐标local coordinate 面积坐标area coordinates 体积坐标volume coordinates 曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates 静凝聚static condensation 合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function 试探函数trial function 检验函数test function 权函数weight function 样条函数spline function 代用函数substitute function 降阶积分reduced integration 零能模式zero-energy mode P收敛p-convergence H收敛h-convergence 掺混插值blended interpolation 等参数映射isoparametric mapping 双线性插值bilinear interpolation 小块检验patch test 非协调模式incompatible mode 节点号node number 单元号element number 带宽band width 带状矩阵banded matrix 变带状矩阵profile matrix 带宽最小化minimization of band width 波前法frontal method 子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method 纽马克法Newmark 威尔逊法Wilson 拟牛顿法quasi-Newtonmethod 牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method 初应变initial strain 初应力initial stress 切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix 割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix 模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration 子结构Substructure 子结构法substructure technique 超单元super-element 网格生成mesh generation 结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing 后处理post-processing 网格细化mesh refinement 应力光顺stress smoothing 组合结构composite structure。
结构力学名词解释
结构力学名词解释弹性模量（Elastic modulus）弹性模量是材料的物理性质之一，它表征了材料在受到力作用后能够恢复原始形状和大小的能力。
它是应力与应变之间的比率，通常用于衡量材料的刚度和变形的程度。
弹性模量越高，材料的刚度越大。
线弹性（Linear elasticity）线弹性是指在一定应力范围内，材料的应变与应力呈线性关系。
当施加的力或压力小到足够接近零时，材料的应变也趋近于零，直线关系成立。
线弹性是结构力学中常用的假设，用于简化计算和分析。
屈服强度（Yield strength）屈服强度是指材料在受到力作用后开始发生可观的不可逆变形的应力水平。
在这个应力水平以上，材料会开始产生塑性变形，超过该水平则可能发生永久性变形。
屈服强度是评估材料抗变形能力的重要指标。
破坏强度（Ultimate strength）破坏强度是指材料承受极限荷载后发生完全破坏的应力水平。
当材料受到超过破坏强度的荷载时，会发生断裂、裂纹扩展或其他形式的破坏。
破坏强度通常用于评估材料的极限承载能力。
弯曲刚度（Bending stiffness）弯曲刚度是指材料在承受弯曲力矩时抵抗变形的能力。
它与材料的几何形状、尺寸和材料的弹性模量相关。
弯曲刚度越大，材料的抵抗弯曲变形的能力越强。
位移（Displacement）位移是指物体在受到外力作用后位置的改变量。
在结构力学中，位移常用来描述结构件的变形情况。
位移可以是线性的、旋转的、平移的或非线性的，取决于受到的外力和材料的性质。
拉伸应变（Tensile strain）拉伸应变是指材料在受到拉伸力作用时产生的相对长度变化。
它是单位长度的变形量，通常表示为一个小数或百分数。
拉伸应变可以用于评估材料的延展性和可塑性。
状态方程（Equilibrium equation）状态方程是指描述物体或系统受力平衡的方程。
在结构力学中，状态方程可以用来求解物体的受力分布，并判断系统是否处于平衡状态。
力学专业英语词汇翻译
力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics固体力学solid mechanics一般力学general mechanics应用力学applied mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics材料力学materials mechanics结构力学structural mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability倾覆力矩capsizing moment拉力tensile force正应力normal stress切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure集中力concentrated force分布力distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force拉应力tensile stress压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress极限应力ultimate stress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pure shear横截面积cross-sectional area挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis悬臂梁cantilever beam简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation惯性矩moment of inertia静矩static moment扭矩torque moment弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends刚体rigid body扭转角twist angle静力等效statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支pin support at one end一端固定fixed at one end弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsional rigidity拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏brittle fail对称平面symmetry plane刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body约束力constraint force重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation张量方程tensor equation汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point合矢量resultant vector反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation共线力collinear forces平面力系planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力unknown reaction forces参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学particle dynamics运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems变化率rate of change动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line划线dashed line实线solid line矢量积vector product点积dot product极惯性矩polar moment of inertia角速度angular velocity角加速度angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequency缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction方位角azimuthal angle多体系统multibody system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method行列式搜索法determinant search method逐步法step-by-step method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
结构工程常用词汇
结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete 钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs 刚度：rigidity徐变：creep 水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement 梁：beam柱：column 板：slab剪力墙：shear wall 基础：foundation剪力：shear 剪切变形：shear deformation 剪切模量：shear modulus 拉力：tension压力：pressure 位移：displacement延伸率：percentage of elongation 应力：stress应变：strain 应力松弛：stress relaxation 应力集中：concentration of stresses 应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve 应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire 箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing 加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength 抗弯强度：bending strength 抗扭强度：torsional strength 抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack 屈服：yield屈服点：yield point 屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding 屈服强度：yield strength 屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load横截面：cross section 承载力：bearing capacity 承重结构：bearing structure 预制板：precast slab弹性模量：elastic modulus 主梁：main beam预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 次梁：secondary beam 预应力损失：loss of prestress 弯矩：moment现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete双向配筋：two-way reinforcement 脆性：brittleness悬臂梁：cantilever beam 延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending 受拉区：tensile region 受压区：compressive region 塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure 轴向拉力：axial tension 吊车梁：crane beam 可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force 外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar 屋架：roof truss弯曲破坏：bending failure 无梁楼盖：flat slab素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete 配箍率：stirrup ratio配筋率：reinforcement ratio 泊松比：Poisson’s ratio 偏心受拉：eccentric tension 偏心荷载：eccentric load 偏心受压：eccentric compression 跨度：span偏心距：eccentric distance 跨中荷载：midspan load 跨高比：span-to-depth ratio 构造：construction框架结构：frame structure 挠度：deflection疲劳强度：fatigue strength 设计荷载：design load 集中荷载：concentrated load 简支梁：simple beam 分布荷载：distribution load 浇注：pouring分布钢筋：distribution steel 浇注混凝土：concreting 设计强度：design strength 钢筋搭接：bar splicing 截面面积：area of section 刚架：rigid frame。
结构力学术语索引(英汉对照,下)
结构力学术语索引（按汉语拼音顺序）B标准化主振型normalized mode shapeC冲击荷载impulsive load初始相位角initial phase angle常微分方程求解器ordinary differential equation solver常微分方程求解器解法method of ordinary differential equation solver D等效结点荷载equivalent nodal load单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元分析element analysis单元定位向量element localization vector动荷载dynamic load达朗伯原理d’Alembert’s principle单自由度体系single degree-of-freedom system动力系数magnification factor杜哈梅积分Duhamel’s integral短时荷载suddenly applied load动力系数反应谱spectrum of magnification factor第一振型first mode shape第一频率first frequency单元几何刚度矩阵element geometric stiffness matrixE二阶分析second order analysisF分区混合法sub-region mixed method分区混合能量法sub-region energy method分区混合能量偏导数定理sub-region mixed energy partial derivative theorem 分区混合能量驻值原理principle of stationary sub-region mixed energy分层计算法sub-story computing method反弯点法method of inflection point分支点失稳bifurcate bucklingG广义能量偏导数定理generalized energy partial derivative theorem广义基本结构generalized primary structure广义单元generalized element广义坐标generalized coordinate刚度法stiffness method刚度矩阵stiffness matrix共振resonance广义质量矩阵generalized mass matrix广义刚度矩阵generalized stiffness matrix刚架的稳定stability of rigid frameH哈密顿原理Hamilton’s principleJ结构矩阵分析matrix analysis of structure结构的整体分析assembly analysis of structure矩阵位移法matrix displacement method先处理法pretreatment method后处理法post treatment method近似法approximate method静力可能内力statically possible internal force静力可能应变statically possible strain几何可能位移geometrically possible displacement几何可能应变geometrically possible strain 静荷载static load静力法static method简谐荷载harmonic load基本频率fundamental frequency基本振型fundamental mode shape扩散质量法method of lumped mass极值点失稳limit point buckling几何非线性分析geometric nonlinear analysis 极限荷载ultimate load极限弯矩limit momentK可破坏荷载possible collapse load可采纳荷载statically admissible loadL临界阻尼常数critical damping coefficient临界状态critical state临界荷载critical loadN粘滞阻尼力viscous damping force能量法energy methodP频率frequency频率方程frequency equationQ强迫振动forced vibration屈服弯矩yield momentR柔度法flexibility method瑞利法Rayleigh method瑞利-里兹法Rayleigh-Ritz method里兹法Ritz methodS势能potential energy势能驻值原理principle of stationary potential energy势能偏导数定理potential energy partial derivative theorem随机荷载random load受迫振动forced vibration塑性铰plastic hinge上限定理upper bound theoremT突加荷载suddenly applied constant load特征方程characteristics equationW无限自由度体系infinite-degree-of-freedom system无限自由度体系的稳定stability of in infinite-degree-of-freedom system 稳定方程stability equationX形状函数shape function线性分析linear analysis下限定理lower bound theoremY余能complementary energy余能驻值原理principle of stationary complementary energy有限元法finite element method圆频率circular frequency压杆稳定stability for column压杆单元的刚度方程stiffness equation for column element圆拱和圆环的稳定stability of circular arch and ring一阶分析first order analysisZ整体刚度矩阵assembled stiffness matrix子结构substructure最小势能原理minimum potential energy principle最小余能原理minimum complementary energy principle周期荷载period load周期period自振周期natural period自由度degree-of-freedom自由振动free vibration振幅amplitude of vibration振幅的对数递减率logarithmic decrement of vibration amplitude 阻尼damping阻尼比damping ratio质量矩阵mass matrix主振型振型normal mode shape主振型的正交性orthogonality of normal modes主振型矩阵mode shape matrix主振型分解法method of mode-resolution主振型叠加法method of mode-superposition正则坐标generalized coordinate正则坐标分析法method of generalized coordinate缀条式组合杆laced composite member缀板式组合杆battened composite member增量变刚度法incremental variable stiffness method。
结构建筑专业术语
结构建筑专业术语1. 结构力学（Structural Mechanics）：研究力、应力和变形的科学原理，用于分析和设计建筑物的结构。
2. 设计荷载（Design Load）：在建筑物设计过程中考虑到的各种力学荷载，如自重、活荷载、雪荷载、风荷载等。
4. 结构模型（Structural Model）：用于分析和设计建筑物结构的数学模型，可以是二维或三维的。
5. 结构分析（Structural Analysis）：使用力学原理和数值计算方法，对建筑物的结构进行稳定性、强度和刚度等方面的分析。
6. 结构设计（Structural Design）：根据结构分析的结果和设计需求，确定合适的结构形式、尺寸和材料，以满足建筑物使用和安全要求的过程。
7. 结构系统（Structural System）：指建筑物的结构形式和组合方式，如框架结构、桁架结构、悬挂结构、贝壳结构等。
8. 承重墙（Load Bearing Wall）：用于承担建筑物重力荷载和横向荷载的墙体结构。
9. 钢结构（Steel Structure）：使用钢材作为主要结构材料的建筑物结构系统。
10. 混凝土结构（Concrete Structure）：使用混凝土材料作为主要结构材料的建筑物结构系统。
11. 预应力结构（Prestressed Structure）：在混凝土结构中引入预压力，以提高结构的承载能力和抗震性能。
12. 梁（Beam）：承载荷载并将其传递到支撑结构的水平构件，通常横截面为矩形或T形。
13. 柱（Column）：承载建筑物重力荷载并将其传递到地基的垂直结构元素。
14. 基础（Foundation）：将建筑物的重力荷载传递到地基并分散到地面的结构部分，通常包括浅基础和深基础。
15. 刚性连接（Rigid Connection）：将结构构件连接在一起的方法，使其能够传递力和阻止相对运动。
16. 弹性变形（Elastic Deformation）：结构在受力时通过弹性恢复能够发生的变形，超过弹性极限后会发生不可逆的塑性变形。
结构力学词汇
68
Reciprocal theorem of displaceme nt
位移互等定理
69
React ion force coefficie nt
反力系数
70
Stiffness coefficie nt
刚度系数
71
Force method
力法
72
Degree of in determ in acy[,i ndi't ?:min ?si]
Eleme nt stiffness matrix
单元刚度矩阵
114
Eleme nt stiffness equati on
「单兀刚度方程
115
Assembled stiffness matrix
整体刚度矩阵
116
Assembled stiffness equati on
整体刚度方程
117
Equivale nt no dal load
82
Stiffness equati on
刚度方程
83
eleme nt
单元
84
Line stiffness
线刚度
85
Fixed-e nd mome nt
固定弯矩
86
Fixed-e nd shear force
固定剪力
87
Rigid frame without sideway
无侧移刚架
88
Rigid frame with sideway
结构动力学
162
Circular arch
圆拱
163
dome
穹顶
136
Space structure
《结构力学》名词解释大全
读书破万卷下笔如有神名词解释1.计算图形2.刚架3.平面刚架4.板架5.弹性支座6.梁的弯曲要素7.梁的复杂弯曲8.叠加原理9.静定结构10.超静定结构11.几何不变体系12.超静定次数13.力法14.位移法15.矩阵位移法16.三弯矩方程17.杆元18.平面刚架单元19.平面板架单元20.固端弯矩21.结构刚度矩阵22.单元刚度矩阵23.节点未知位移向量24.杆元定位向量25.节点外荷载向量26.节点自由度27.单元自由度28.对称阵29.正定阵30.方阵31.稀疏矩阵32.半带宽33.强迫位移34.乘大数法35.降阶法36.杆元内力37.支反力38.固端力向量39.梁的应变能40.几何非线性问题41.材料非线性问题42.外力功43.比能44.泛函45.余能46.虚位移原理47.结构总位能48.位能驻值原理49.应变能原理50.虚力原理51.余位能驻值原理52.应力能原理53.卡氏第二定理54.最小余能原理55.最小功原理56.形（状）函数57.李兹法58.位移边界条件59.应力边界条件60.平衡方程61.几何方程62.物理方程63.薄板64.薄板的筒形弯曲65.薄板的筒形横弯曲66.薄板的筒形复杂弯曲67.薄板的筒形大挠度弯曲68.刚性板69.柔性板70.薄板小挠度弯曲的基本假定71.屈曲72.稳定平衡73.中性平衡74.最小临界荷载75.中性平衡微分方程76.稳定性方程式77.欧拉（应）力78.临界（应）力79.压杆柔度80.板的极限荷载。
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结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis 结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matridisplacement method单元刚度矩阵elementstiffness matrix单元应变矩阵elementstrain matrix总体坐标globalcoordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan eliminationMethod屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics ofcomposites复合材料compositematerial纤维复合材料fibrouscomposite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamedcomposite颗粒复合材料particulatecomposite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-plylaminate斜交层板angle-plylaminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminarstress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strengthreduction factor强度应力比strength -stressratio横向剪切模量transverseshear modulus横观各向同性transverseisotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiberreinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimumweight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W ufailure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdalemodel断裂力学fracturemechanics概率断裂力学probabilisticfracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffiththeory线弹性断裂力学linearelastic fracture mechanics,LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracturemecha-nics, EPFM断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack [钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance 裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crackgrowth亚临界裂纹扩展subcriticalcrack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crackretardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integral J阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracturetoughness应力强度因子stressintensity factor HRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservationintegral有效应力张量effectivestress tensor应变能密度strain energydensity能量释放率energy releaserate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone,HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontemperature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructiveinspection双边缺口试件double edgenotched specimen, DENspecimen单边缺口试件single edgenotched specimen, SENspecimen三点弯曲试件three pointbending specimen, TPBspecimen中心裂纹拉伸试件centercracked tension specimen,CCT specimen中心裂纹板试件centercracked panel specimen,CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compacttension specimen, CTspecimen大范围屈服large scaleyielding小范围攻屈服small scaleyielding韦布尔分布Weibulldistribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilisticrisk assessment, PRA损伤力学damagemechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damagemechanics细观损伤力学microscopicdamage mechanics累积损伤accumulateddamage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion 损伤演化方程damage evolution equation损伤软化damage softening 损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold 损伤变量damage variable 损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue 应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue 疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳辉纹fatigue striations 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth,crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimentalstress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain]gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zerodrift应变测量strainmeasurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strainsensitivity机械式应变仪mechanicalstrain gage直角应变花rectangularrosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering ofstrain向灵敏系数transverse gagefactor横向灵敏度transversesensitivity焊接式应变计weldablestrain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bondedstrain gage粘贴箔式应变计bondedfoiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bondedwire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitancestrain gage补偿片compensationtechnique补偿技术compensationtechnique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistancestrain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperaturecompensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue lifegage电感应变计inductance[strain] gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigenteffect等位移线contour of equalDisplacement暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringemultiplication干涉条纹interferencefringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- opticlaw主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical pathdifference热光弹性photo-thermo-elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelasticcoating Method光弹性夹片法photoelasticsandwich Method动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency 起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry 网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearinginterferometry, shearography散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-lightspeckle method云纹干涉法moireinterferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moiremethod参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moiremethod脆性涂层法brittle-coatingmethod条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation ofCoordinates计算结构力学computational structuralmechanics加权残量法weightedresidual method有限差分法finitedifference method有限[单]元法finite elementmethod配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalizedvariational Principle最小二乘法least squaremethod胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modifiedvariational Principle约束变分原理constrainedvariational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solutionmethod有限条法finite stripmethod半解析法semi-analyticalmethod协调元conforming element非协调元non-conformingelement混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forcedboundary condition自然边界条件naturalboundary condition离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuousproblem广义位移generalizeddisplacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodelessvariable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensionalelement一维元one-dimensionalelement三维元three-dimensionalelement轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element 三角形元triangular element 四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis 单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix 等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load 位移矢量displacementvector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped massmatrix相容质量矩阵consistentmass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleighdamping刚度矩阵的组集assemblyof stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistentmass matrix质量矩阵的组集assemblyof mass matrices单元的组集assembly ofelements局部坐标系localcoordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volumecoordinates曲线坐标curvilinearcoordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradienttransformation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitutefunction降阶积分reducedintegration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blendedinterpolation等参数映射isoparametricmapping双线性插值bilinearinterpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatiblemode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimizationof band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspaceiteration method行列式搜索法determinantsearch method逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newtonmethod牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangentstiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secantstiffness matrix模态叠加法modesuperposition method平衡迭代equilibriumiteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructuretechnique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structuralanalysis program前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement 应力光顺stress smoothing 组合结构composite structure。