2014年北京市门头沟区中考二模全科试卷

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英语_2014年北京市门头沟区中考英语二模试卷_复习

2014年北京市门头沟区中考英语二模试卷一、听对话，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片．每段对话你将听两遍．（共4分，每小题1分）1.2.3.4.二、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项．每段对话或独白你将听两遍．（共12分，每小题2分）5. 请听一段对话，完成第5至第6小题．5．Who are the man's parents staying with？A His sister．B His brother．C His friends．6．Why doesn't the man's father like the city？A．He likes to live alone．B．He likes the country life．C．He hates the noises．6. 请听一段对话，完成第7至第8小题．7．Where are the speakers？A In a bookstore．B In a park．C In a cake shop．8．What does the woman want to do？A．To buy a birthday cake．B．To borrow some books．C．To get some money．7. 请听一段对话，完成第9至第10小题．9．How often is the party held？A Once a week．B Twice a week．C Three times a week．10．What is the matter with the woman？A．She can't enjoy the party．B．She can't go to work．C．She can't fall asleep．8. 请听一段对话，完成第11至第13小题．11．What will the man do with his cold?A．Go to see a doctor．B．Have chicken soup．C．Have some milk．12．Why won't he take any medicine?A．It'll make him sleepy．B．He doesn't like medicine at all．C．He has had enough breakfast．13．What will he do?A．Stay at home．B．Go to buy some coffee．C．Give a talk．请听一段对话，完成第11至第13小题．11．What will the man do with his cold？A．Go to see a doctor．B．Have chicken soup．C．Have some milk．12．Why won't he take any medicine？A．It'll make him sleepy．B．He doesn't like medicine at all．C．He has had enough breakfast．13．What will he do？A．Stay at home．B．Go to buy some coffee．C．Give a talk．9. 请听一段独白，完成第14至第16小题．14．Where was the first International Friendship Camp held？A In China．B In Italy．C In the USA．15．How long did the International Friendship Camp last in Beijing？A．Ten days．B．Two weeks．C．A month．16．How would Shirley describe some members of her host family？A．Patient．B．Clever．C．Kind．三、听对话，记录关键信息，对话你将听两遍．（共10分，每小题10分）请根据所听到的对话内容和卡片上的提示词语，将所缺的关键信息填写在下面卡片中的相应位置上．四、单项填空（共13分，每小题1分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．11. The girl is at school．__________ is busy with her work．（）A HeB HimC SheD Her12. -Hi，Mike，I've got a present __________ you．-Oh，it's really beautiful．Thank you very much．（）A inB onC ofD for13. Be quick，__________ you'll be late for school．（）A orB soC andD but14. ﹣﹣﹣____________do you go to the cinema？﹣﹣﹣Once a month．（）A How longB How farC How oftenD How much15. This box is __________ than that one．（）A heavyB heavierC heaviestD the heaviest16. -__________ she sing English songs？-Yes，she can．（）A CanB MustC NeedD Should17. ______ of his parents are doctors.A EachB BothC AllD Some18. -Lucy，let me __________ a look at your new watch．-Ok，dad．（）A hasB haveC to haveD having19. Mary __________ to school on foot every morning．（）A goB goesC wentD will go20. There ______ a football match between China and England tomorrow.A isB wasC will beD has been21. Mike __________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday．（）A watchedB is watchingC was watchingD has watched22. English __________ all over the world．（）A speaksB is speakingC is spokenD has spoken23. -Can you tell us __________ just now？-Sorry，I don't know．（）A what Miss Wang saysB what Miss Wang saidC what does Miss Wang sayD wh at did Miss Wang say五、完形填空（共12分，每小题12分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择能填入相应空白处最佳的一项．24. Dad lost his job after arguing（争吵） with the boss, and when Christmas came that year, we had no money at all．On Christm as Eve, Dad took me out into the park．I had a blanket（毛毯） wrapped（卷绕） around me, so I offered to share （1）________ with Dad, but he said no thanks．We looked（2）________ at the sky．Those shining stars were one of the （3）________ treats for people like us who lived out in the wildness（荒凉）．Rich city people, he'd say, live in fantastic flats, but their air was so polluted（污染的） that they could not even see the stars．"（4）________ out your favorite star．"Dad said that night．He told me I could have it for keeping．He said it was my Christmas present．"You can't give me a star, "I said, "Nobody （5）________ the stars．""Right, "Dad said, "But you can suppose it is yours．And when you do that, it is yours．"I （6）________ my head, looked at the stars, and tried to figure out（断定） which was the best one．Then, I found one．"I （7）________ that one．"I said．Dad smiled．"That's Venus（金星）, "he said, "Venus was only a planet．She looked bigger and brighter because she was m uch （8）________ than the stars．Poor old Venus didn't even make her own light．She shone only from reflected（反射）（9）________．""I like it anyway, "I said, "I had loved Venus even （10）________ that Christmas．You could see it in the early evening, and if you got up early, you coul d still see it in the morning, after all the stars had disappeared．"Dad said, "Ok, it's Christmas．I （11）________your decision．You can have it if you want．"And he gave me Venus．We all laughed about the kids who believed in the Santa myth（圣诞传说） and got nothing for Christmas but a bunch（堆） of cheap plastic toys．"Many years later, when all the junk（废物） they got is broken and long forgotten, "Dad said, "you will（12）________ have your star．"（1）A itB meC usD him（2）A upB forC outD after（3）A strangeB specialC importantD impossible（4）A B Put C Take D Pick（5）A ownsB seesC likesD reaches（6）A lowedB putC raisedD rose（7）A needB wantC haveD hope（8）A slowerB fartherC closerD higher（9）A sunB starC plantD light（10）A whenB beforeC afterD until（11）A dislikeB refuseC acceptD consider（12）A evenB stillC neverD already六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题6分）25.（1）If you want to enjoy country music，you should call________．A 8115608．B 3102768．C 2711399．D 6935094．（2）Where can you learn Spanish dancing？________A In the cinema．B At John Black's．C At Wanda Plaza．D At Rainbow Music Club．（3）You can watch Titanic （3D） at________．A 7：50a．B 9：00p．C 9：50p．D 7：50a．26. Being safe in your everyday life need knowledge．If you remember the following infor mation, your life will be much safer．•Always notice the environment around you．You shouldn't walk alone outside．Make sur e where the public phones are．If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily．•Your bag should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting it on your ba ck．When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the ba g on your back．•If you are followed by someone you don't know, cross the street and go to the other way, l et the person understand that you know he or she is after you．Next, don't go home at once ．You are safer in the street than you are alone in your home or in a lift （电梯）．•If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier bef ore the bus leaves．This stops other people from studying you．On the bus, don't sit alone ．Sit behind the driver or with other people．Don't sleep．（1）Which of the following is NOT safe when you are out？________A Go home alone late at night．B Make sure where the public phones are．C Don't get to the bus stop too early．D Always notice the environment around you．（2）When you are followed by someone on your way home，you should________ to make yourself safe．A run home ．B turn back and walk towards him or her．C find a lift and go in ．D cross the street and go to the other way．（3）What can you learn from the text？________A How to cross the street．B How to be safe in your everyday life．C How to use the public phones． D How to notice the environmet around you．27. I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it．Moth er sat writing letters．Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be a most wonderful thing in the world．Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother ．"But the desk, "she said again, "is for Elizabeth．"I never saw her angry, never saw her cry．I knew she loved me; she showed in action．Bu t as a young girl, I wanted to have heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter．They never happened．And a gulf opened betwe en us．I was"too emotional（易动感情的）"．But she lived"on the surface（表面）"．As years passed and I had my own family．I loved my mother and thanked her for our hap py family．I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chos e that she did forgive me．My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace-it seemed that nothing happened．I couldn't be sure that the letter had even got to Mother．I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was n ot．But the present of her desk told me, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work．I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside-a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded（折叠） and refolded many times．It was my letter．"In any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words．"（1）The passage shows that________．A Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter．B Mother was too serious about her daughter in words．C Mother wrote to her daughter in careful wo rds．D Mother wrote to her daughter in careless words．（2）The word"gulf"in the passage means________．A deep understanding between the old and the young．B different ideas between moth er and daughter．C free talks between mother and daughter．D part of the sea goi ng far in land．（3）What's best title of the passage？________A My Letter to Mother.B Mother and Children．C My Mother's Desk.D Talks be tween Mother and me．28. BEING an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating（漂浮） in zero gravity（重力）．However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightles s environment, and that's very sad．What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show, be cause it's impossible to cry in zero gravity．Of course, astronauts can still produce tears（眼泪）．But crying is much more difficult in space, according to The Atlantic（大西洋月刊） in January．Without gravity, tears don't flow（流动） down out of the eyes like they do here on Earth．This means that when you cry in spac e, your tears have nowhere to go-they just stick（粘） to your eyes．In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks．"T ears, "he said, "don't fall off of your eyes．They just stay there．"Besides making your vision（视线） unclear, this can also cause physical pain．Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring c omfort to the eyes．But that's not the case（情况） in space．The space environment dries out astronauts'eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort．"My right eye is stinging（刺痛） like crazy, "Feustel told his teammate during the walk．Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of（除去） the tears．Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe（擦） the tears away．Another choice is to just wait-"When the tears get big enough, they simply break free of the eyes and float around, "astrona ut Ron Parise told The Atlantic．There are lots of small things-things ike crying-that we are so used to on Earth．We usuallytake them for granted until they become a probl em in a totally different environment, like space．There, astronauts can't talk to each other d irectly．They also can't eat or drink in normal ways．They can't even burp打嗝）, because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach．If they do burp, th ey just end up throwing up（呕吐） everything in their stomach, according to the UK National Space Center．Therefore, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say, "Gravity, you're the best ．"（1）From Paragraphs 2and 3，we can know that________．A astronauts are unable to feel sad in space．B astronauts produce fewer tears in space ．C tears produced in space flow down more slowly．D tears produced in space do n't flow downward．（2）What effect do tears hve on astronauts？________A They cause physical pain．B They bring comfort to them．C They make their vis on clearer．D They float around and cause trouble．（3）The underlined phrase"take them for granted"in paragraph 7means________．A find them important．B consider them useless．C need them during an emerge ncy．D fail to notice their presence．（4）Paragraph 7is mainly about________．A suggestions of how astronauts can stay comfortable in space．B other basic things th at are difficult to do in space．C why burping is impossible in space．D things hum an can't do without gravity．七、阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共8分，每小题8分）29. Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English．（60）________Some students say they don't want to read for pleasure．They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words．They say that pleasure reading is too easy．Many experts say pleasure reading is very important f or learning Engish．Dr．Stephn Krashen，a famous expert on learning languages，says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English．Students l earn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure．（61）________ Dr．Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way．Ea ch student needs to learn something different．Pleasure reading makes it possible for each s tudent to learn what he or she needs．（62）________When you read for pleasure，you choose your own books，and you don't have to remember everything．There are no tests on your pleasure reading bo oks．Pleasure reading will help you：●learn how English speakers use Englishread faster in English●find examples of good writing in English●（63）________●learn about the cultures of English speakersA．learn new wordsB．take an English testC．They also learn more about good writing．D．It is also the most important way．E．Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying．八、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题10分）30. Now you've finished three years of English study．There's one way to demonstrate（展示） what you've learned-take a test!Do you have any special methods you use to help you do better on a test？How well you do is often a matter of how well prepared you are．Here are some ways to ma ke sure you're at your best on test days．Go to bed early．The night before a test is not the time to stay up watching TV．You want to be rested and wide-awake for test day．Have a good breakfast．Test day isn't a morning for donuts．Nor is it a time to starve（挨饿） yourself．Eat plenty of low-sugar，high-energy food to keep your brain and body working their best．Be prepared．Make sure you have two pencils and anything else you were asked to bring．Watch the numbers．Make sure that the number of the items（项目） on your answer sheet matches the number of the question．Look over all the answer choices．Don't assume（假定） that choice A is correct until you've checked the others．You may find a better one．An d it is wrong to eliminate（排除） any choice that you can see at once．You'll have a better chance of finding the right ans wer．Check the clock．Make sure you allow yourself enough time to answer every question and g o back and check your answers．Don't spend too much time on any dificult question．Skip i t and come back to it later．Keep up with your schoolwork all year long．That's how you get the skills you need for taking test．64．Is taking a test a way to demonstrate what you've learned？________65．How many ways are mentioned in this passage？________66．What should you take to prepare for a test？________67．What do you do if you meet any difficult question？________68．What's the passage mainly about？________．九、完成句子（共10分，每小题2分）根据中文意思完成句子．31. 你最好现在就告诉露西这件事情．You________ tell Lucy about it now．32. 你们想要吃些香蕉吗？________ have some bananas？33. 明天他们会尽早到学校的．They will get to school________ tomorrow．34. 昨天下午五点时，我们正在忙着大扫除呢．We________ at five yesterday afternoon．35. 直到上周五汤姆才收到他妈妈的来信．Tom________ last Friday．十、文段表达（共15分）36. 根据中文和英文提示，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于50词的回信．信的开头和结尾已给出，其词数不计入所要完成的回信内．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．假如你叫李亮，最近和英国朋友May通过电子邮件谈论帮助他人．请你根据她的问题回复邮件．2014年北京市门头沟区中考英语二模试卷答案1. C2. A3. B4. C5. AC6. CA7. AC8. 略9. CBC10. bird,Sunday,8：30,bus,twenty/2011. C12. D13. A14. C15. B16. A17. B18. B19. B20. C21. C22. C23. B24. AABDACBCDBCB25. ABC26. ADB27. ABC28. DADB29. D,C,E,A30. Yes．/Yes，it is,Six．/6,I should have two pencils and anything else I was asked to bring,Skip it and come back to it later,Ways of making sure of doing best on test days31. had better32. Would you like to33. as early as possible．34. were busy doing some cleaning35. didn't hear from his mother until36. Hi，Mary！I'm glad to hear from you．I think it is important for us to help others．【高分句型一】And I like it very much．（表明自己的观点）I remember I helped the old people in the old people's home last Saturday．I cleaned the room and the windows for them．I told them some interesting stories．I sang some English son gs and they really enjoyed it．（我帮助别人的事情）I think I will do the same in the future because it can bring me and other people happiness．【高分句型二】（我将来会做的）Yours，Li Liang。

2014年北京市各城区中考二模数学——四边形的证明与计算题19题汇总

DCBAADCB 2014年北京市各城区中考二模数学——四边形的证明与计算题19题汇总1、（2014年门头沟二模）19. 如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，点E ，F 分别是AB ，CD 的中点.(1)求证：四边形AEFD 是平行四边形； (2)若∠A =60°，AB =6，AD =4，求BD 的长.2、（2014年丰台二模）19．如图，在四边形ABCD中，AD ∥BC ，CA 是∠BCD 的平分线，且AB ⊥AC ，AB=4，AD=6，求AC 的长.3、（2014年平谷二模）19．如图，在四边形ABCD中，对角线BD 平分∠ABC ，∠A =120°， ∠C =60°，AB =5，AD =3．（1）求证：AD =DC ；（2）求四边形ABCD 的周长．4、(2014年顺义二模) 19．如图，在ABC △中，D 、E 分别是AB 、AC的中点，BE =2DE ，过点C 作CF ∥BE 交DE 的延长线于F ．（1）求证：四边形BCFE 是菱形；（2）若4CE =，120BCF ∠=°，求菱形BCFE 的面积．5、（2014年石景山二模）19．如图1，在△OAB 中，∠OAB =90°，∠AOB =30°，BA =2．以OB 为边，向外作等边△OBC ，D 是OB 的中点，连接AD 并延长交OC 于E ．（1）求证：四边形ABCE 是平行四边形；（2）如图2，将图1中的四边形ABCO 折叠，使点C 与点A 重合，折痕为FG ，求OG 的长．FEDCB AECBFC B6、（2014年海淀二模）19．如图，在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别是边BC 、AC 的中点，过点A 作AF ∥BC交DE 的延长线于F 点，连接CF . （1）求证：四边形ABDF 是平行四边形；（2）若∠CAF =45°，BC=4，CAF 的面积. 7、（2014年西城二模）19．如图，在四边形ABCD 中，AB ∥DC ， DB 平分∠ADC ， E 是CD 的延长线上一点，且12AEC ADC ∠=∠．（1）求证：四边形ABDE 是平行四边形．（2）若DB ⊥CB ，∠BCD ＝60°，CD ＝12，作AH ⊥BD 于H ，求四边形AEDH 的周长．8、（2014年通州二模）20．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，E 为BC 边上的一点，连接AE 、BD 交于点F ，AE ＝AB .（1）若∠AEB ＝2∠ADB ，求证：四边形ABCD 是菱形. （2）若AB ＝10，BE ＝2EC ，求EF 的长.EO G A B CFBGDC BAEF9、（2014年东城二模）19．在平行四边形ABCD 中，AB =6， AD =9，∠BAD 的平分线交BC 于点E ，交DC 的延长线于点F ，BG ⊥AE 于点G ，42BG ，求EFC V 的周长.AB =34，10、（2014年朝阳二模）19．如图，在四边形ABCD 中，∠DAB =90°，∠B =60°，AC ⊥BC ．（1）求AC 的长．（2）若AD=2，求CD 的长．11、（2014年密云二模）19．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，AB=4，∠BAD 的平分线与BC 的延长线交于点E ，与DC 交于点F,且点F 为边DC 的中点，DG ⊥AE ，垂足为G ，若DG=1，求AE 的长.12、（2014年延庆二模）13、(2014年房山二模) 19. 已知：如图，梯形ABCD 中，AD=BC ，F 为BC 的中点，AB=2，∠A =120°，过点F 作EF ⊥BC 交DC 于点E ，且EF = 3 ，求DC 的长.14、（2014年昌平二模）18．如图，已知□ABCD ，E ，F 是对角线BD 上的两点，且BE =DF .（1）求证：四边形AECF 是平行四边形；（2）当AE 垂直平分BC 且四边形AECF 为菱形时，直接写出AE ∶AB 的值.15、（2014年怀柔二模）19.如图，已知△ABC 是等边三角形，点D 、F 分别在线段BC 、AB 上，∠EFB=60°，DC=EF ．（1）求证：四边形EFCD 是平行四边形；（2）若BF=EF ，求证：AE=AD ．FE DCBA16、（2014年大兴二模）19．已知：如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，点E 、F 分别是AB 、CD 的中点 .(1)求证：四边形AEFD 是平行四边形； (2)若∠A =60°，AB=8，AD=4，求BD 的长 .ABCD17、（2014年燕山二模）19. 如图，在四边形中，BC AD //，25=AB ，4=BC ，连接BD ，BAD ∠的平分线交BD 于点E ，且CD AE //．（1）求AD 的长；（2）若︒=∠30C ，求四边形ABCD 的周长．ED CBA。

2014门头沟区初三化学二模试卷带答案

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英语_2014年北京市门头沟区中考二模英语试卷_复习

2014年北京市门头沟区中考二模英语试卷一、单选题1. The girl is at school. __________ is busy with her work.A HeB HimC SheD Her2. —Hi, Mike, I’ve got a present __________ you.—Oh, it’s really beautiful. Thank you very much.A inB onC ofD for3. Be quick, __________ you’ll be late for school.A orB soC andD but4. —__________ do you go to the cinema?—Once a month.A How longB How manyC How muchD How often5. This box is __________ than that one.A heavyB heavierC heaviestD the heaviest6. —__________ she sing English songs?—Yes, she can.A CanB MustC NeedD Should7. __________ of his parents are doctors.A EachB BothC AllD Some8. —Lucy, let me __________ a look at your new watch.—Ok, dad.A hasB haveC to haveD having9. Mary __________ to school on foot every morning.A goB goesC wentD will go10. There __________ a football match between China and England tomorrow.A isB wasC will beD has been11. Mike __________ TV when his mother came back home yesterday.A watchedB is watchingC was watchingD has watched12. English __________ all over the world.A speaksB is speakingC is spokenD has spoken13. —Can you tell us __________ just now?—Sorry, I don’t know.A what Miss Wang saysB what Miss Wang saidC what does Miss Wangsay D what did Miss Wang say二、完型填空14. Dad lost his job after arguing(争吵) with the boss, and when Christmas came that year, we had no money at all. On Christmas Eve, Dad took me out into the park. I had a blanket(毛毯) wrapped(卷绕) around me, so I offered to share____with Dad, but he said no thanks. We looked________at the sky. Those shining stars were one of the____treats for people like us who lived out in the wildness(荒凉). Rich city people, he’d say, live in fantastic flats, but their air was so polluted(污染的) that they could not even see the stars.“____out your favorite star.” Dad said that night. He told me I could have it for keeping. He said it was my Christmas present. “You can’t give me a star,” I said, “Nobody____the stars.”“Right,” Dad said, “But you can suppose it is yours. And when you do that, it is yours.”I____my head, looked at the stars, and tried to figure out(断定) which was the best one. Then, I found one.“I____that one.” I said.Dad smiled. “That’s Venus(金星),” he said, “Venus was only a planet. She looked bigger and brighter because she was much____than the stars. Poor old Venus didn’t even make her own light. She shone only from reflected(反射)____”“I like it anyway,” I said, “I had loved Venus even____that Christmas. You could see it in the early evening, and if you got up early, you could still see it in the morning, after all the stars had disappeared.”Dad said, “Ok, it’s Christmas. I____your decision. You can have it if you want.” And he gave me Venus.We all laughed about the kids who believed in the Santa myth(圣诞传说) and got nothing for Christmas but a bunch(堆) of cheap plastic toys. “Many years later, when all the junk(废物) they got is broken and long forgotten,” Dad said, “you will____have your star.”（1）A itB meC usD him（2）A upB forC outD after（3）A strangeB specialC importantD impossible（4）A GoB PutC TakeD Pick（5）A ownsB seesC likesD reaches（6）A lowedB putC raisedD rose（7）A needB wantC haveD hope（8）A slowerB fartherC closerD higher（9）A sunB starC planetD light（10）A whenB beforeC afterD until（11）A dislikeB refuseC acceptD consider（12）A evenB stillC neverD already三、阅读单选15. A（1）If you want to enjoy country music, you should call ________.A 8115608B 3102768C 2711399D 6935094（2）Where can you learn Spanish dancing?A In the cinema.B At John Black’s.C At Wanda Plaza.D At Rainbow Music Club.（3）You can watch Titanic (3D) at ________.A 7:50 a.m., June 1stB 9:00 p.m., June 28thC 9:50 p.m., June 2ndD 7:50 a.m., June 30tℎ16.Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge（知识）. If you remember following information, your life will be much safer.Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn’t walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily Your bag should be carried towards the front of your body instead of（而不是）putting it on your back. When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on If you are followed by（被跟踪）someone you don' t know, cross the street and go tothe other way, let the person understand that you know he or she is after you. Next, don' t go home at once You' are safer in the street than you are' alone in your home or in a lift（电梯）. If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves. This stops other people from studying you. On the bus, don't sit alone. Sit behind the driver or with other people. Don't sleep.（1）You'd better put your bag ______ when there are too many people on a bus.A on your backB beside youC in front of youD behind the driver（2）What does the underlined word "them" refers to in Paragraph 2?A the public phonesB the environment around youC anythingdangerous D people（3）Which is not right in following ideas if you are followed by someone you don't know?A Cross the street and go to the other way.B Don't go home at once.C Wait quietly and give some money to him or her.D Don't go into a lift.（4） what can you learn from the text?A How to notice the environment around you.B How to be safe in everydaylife. C How to cross the street. D How to use the public phones.17.I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as other sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world. Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. "But the desk", she said, "is for Elizabeth".I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, she showed it in action. But asa young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was "too emotional". But she lived "on the surface". As years passed, I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment（失望）, then little interest, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn't be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told me, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work, I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded（被折叠）and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.（1）The writer began to love her mother's desk ______.A after Mother diedB before she became a writerC when she was achild D when Mother gave it to her（2）The passage shows that ______.A Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB Mother wastoo serious about everything her daughter had done C Mother cared much about her daughter in words D Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words（3）The word "gulf" in the passage means ______.A deep understanding between the old and the youngB different ideas between the mother and the daughterC free talks between mother and daughterD part of the sea going far in land（4）What did Mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness?A She had never received the letter.B For years, she often talked about theletter. C She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life. D She read the letter again and again till she died.（5）What's the best title of the passage?A My letter to MotherB Mother and ChildrenC My Mother's DeskD Talks Between Mother and Me18. Being an astronaut sounds cool， doesn't it？ In space， they can do some pretty amazing things， like floating in zero gravity （重力）．However， there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment， and that's very sad． What's worse， they can't even let their sadness show ﹣ because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity．Of course， astronauts can' still have tears． But crying is much more difficult inspace． Without gravity， tears don't flow downward out of the eyes like they do on the earth． This means that when you cry in space， your tears have nowhere to go ﹣ they just stick to your eyes．In May 2011， astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks． "Tears，" he said， "don't fall off your eyes． They just stay there．" Besides making your vision （视力） unclear， this can also cause physical pain． Back on the earth，tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes． But that's not the same in space． The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes， and when tears suddenly wet the eyes， it can cause pain rather than comfort． "My right eye is painful like crazy．" Feustel told his teammate during the walk．Since gravity doesn't work in space astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears．Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet （头盔） to wipe the tears away． Another choice is to just wait ﹣﹣ "When the tears get big enough， they simply break free of the eye and float around， astronaut Ron Parise said．There are lots of small things ﹣ things like crying that we are so used to on the earth． We usually take them for granted （认为理所当然）， until they become a problem in a completely different environment， like space． There， astronauts can't talk to each other directly． They can't eat or drink in normal ways； They can't even burp （打嗝） because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomachs． If they do burp， they just endup throwing up （呕吐） everything in their stomachs， according to the UK National Space Center．________（88）． Is crying more difficult in space than on the earth？________（89）． What happens to tears when astronauts cry in space？________（90）． Who experienced that the tears in space caused pain rather than comfort？________（91）． How do astronauts get rid of the tears in space？________（92）． Why can't astronauts burp in space？________（93）． In the last paragraph， the writer says： perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say： "Gravity， you're the best．" Do you agree with the writer？ Why or why not？________四、填写适当的句子补全对话19.Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reading English. It is also the most important way. Some student say don't it to for pleasure. They say they want to use theirtime to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words. They say that pleasure reading is too easy.Many experts（专家）say pleasure reading is very important for learning English. Dr. Stephen Krashen, a famous expert on learning languages, says that pleasure reading helpsyou learn many important things about English. Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure. They also learn more about good writing.Dr. Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way. Each student needs to learn something different. Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs.Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying. When you read for pleasure, you choose your own books, and you don't have to remember everything. There are no tests on your pleasure reading books. Pleasure reading will help you:Learn how English speakers use English.Read faster in English.Find examples of good writing in English.Learn new words.If you want to learn about the cultures of English speakers, it will also help.（1）From the first paragraph, we can know some students think pleasure reading is________.A difficultB easyC popularD boring（2）Who is Dr. Stephen Krashen?A An expert on learning languages.B An expert on teaching English.C An expert on saving the animals.D An expert on reading books.（3）Which of the following belongs to pleasure reading?A Students will learn fewer words.B Student have to remember everything.C Students need to have many tests.D Students will learn what they need.（4）Pleasure reading will help you in ________ ways.A twoB threeC fourD five（5）Which of the following might be the best title?A Reading for StudyB Reading for WritingC Reading for PleasureD Reading for English五、回答问题20. Now you've nearly finished three years of English study．There's one way to demonstrate（展示） what you've learned﹣take a test!Do you have any special methods you use to help you do better on a test？How well you do is often a matter of how well prepared you are．Here are some ways to make sure you're at your best on test days．Go to bed early．The night before a test is not the time to stay up watching TV．You want to be rested and wide﹣awake for test day．Have a good breakfast．Test day isn't a morning for donuts（面包圈）．Nor is it a time to starve（挨饿） yourself．Eat plenty of low﹣sugar，high﹣energy food to keep your brain and body working their best．Be prepared．Make sure you have two pencils and anything else you were asked to bring．Watch the numbers．Make sure that the number of the items（项目） on your answer sheet matches the number of the question．Look over all the answer choices．Don't assume（假定） that choice A is correct untilyou've checked the others．You may find a better one．And it is wrong to eliminate（排除）any choice that you can see at once．You'll have a better chance of finding the right answer．Check the clock．Make sure you allow yourself enough time to answer every question and go back and check your answers．Don't spend too much time on any difficult question．Skip（跳读） it and come back to ________ later．Keep up with your schoolwork all year long．That's how you get the skills you need for taking a test．69．How many ways are mentioned in this passage？70．Why should you eat plenty of low﹣sugar，high﹣energy food on a test day？71．What should you take to prepare for a test？72．What do you do if you meet any difficult question？73．What's the passage mainly about？六、汉译英：单词/短语21. 完成句子根据中文意思完成句子。

北京市门头沟区年中考物理二模试卷(含解析)

北京市门头沟区2014年中考物理二模试卷小题2分）1.通常情况下，下列物品中属于绝缘体的是A.永定河里的河水B.干电池里的碳棒C.钢丝钳把手上的塑料套D.导线中的铜丝考点：绝缘体．.专题：电流和电路．分析：容易导电的物体叫导体，不容易导电的物体叫绝缘体，导电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间的叫半导体．解答：解：河水、碳棒、铜丝能够导电，属于导体；塑料不能够导电，属于绝缘体．故选C．点评：本题考查了导体和绝缘体的概念，属于识记性的东西，只要记住即可解答2.在颐和园的昆明湖上，小红同学坐在航行的游艇内，若说她是静止的，则所选择的参照物是A.湖岸B.游艇C.湖水D.岸边的树考点：参照物及其选择．.分析：小红坐在航行的游艇内，所以小红相对地面是运动的，若说她是静止的，那么一定是选择相对地面运动且速度等于游艇的物体为参照物，可根据四个选项进行选择．解答：解：A、湖岸相对地面是静止的，不符合题意；B、游艇是相对地面运动的，符合题意；C、湖水的速度不等于游艇，不符合题意；D、岸边的树相对地面是静止的，不符合题意；故选B．点评：这类题目是考查相对静止的问题，它们相对地面都是运动的，但如果以运动的物体为参照物，也可能是相对静止的．3.图1所示的现象中，属于光的反射现象的是考点：光的反射；光直线传播的应用；光的折射现象及其应用．.专题：图析法．分析：要解决此题，需要掌握光的反射现象，知道平面镜成像是由于光的反射形成的．要掌握光的折射现象，知道水底看起来比实际的要浅、斜插入水中的筷子向上折、海市蜃楼、凸透镜成像都是光的折射．要掌握光沿直线传播现象，知道影子的形成、日月食的形成、小孔成像都是光沿直线传播形成的．解答：解：A、水中的倒影，属于平面镜成像，是由光的反射形成的．故本选项符合题意；B、日月食都是由于太阳、地球、月亮在同一直线上，若月亮在中间挡住太阳光便为日食；若地球在中间挡住太阳光，则为月食．日月食是由于光沿直线传播形成的．故本选项不符合题意；C、小孔成像属于光沿直线传播原理，故本选项不符合题意；D、铅笔“折断”如同插入水中的筷子在水面处“弯折”一样，是因为光从水中斜射入空气中时，发生折射，故本选项不符合题意．故选A．点评：光的直线传播形成的现象包括：小孔成像，影子的形成，日、月食的形成等；光遇到物体表面会发生反射：平面镜成像就是光的反射形成的；光从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时，光的传播方向会发生偏折：钢笔错位、筷子变折、海市蜃楼，凸透镜成像等都属于光的折射现象．4.图2所示的四种工具中，属于省力杠杆的是考点：杠杆的分类．.专题：应用题．分析：结合图片和生活经验，判断四种工具在使用过程中，动力臂和阻力臂的大小关系，再判断它是属于哪种类型的杠杆．解答：解：如图，在使用镊子、钓鱼竿时，动力臂小于阻力臂，是费力杠杆，但能省距离；天平是典型的等臂杠杆，动力臂等于阻力臂；在使用撬棒时，动力臂大于阻力臂，是省力杠杆，但费距离；故选C．点评：此题考查的是杠杆的分类和特点，主要包括以下几种：①省力杠杆，动力臂大于阻力臂，省力但费距离；②费力杠杆，动力臂小于阻力臂，费力但省距离；③等臂杠杆，动力臂等于阻力臂，既不省距离也不省力．5.下列关于温度、热量和内能变化的说法中，正确的是A.物体温度升高，它的内能一定增加B.物体温度升高，一定是外界对物体做功C.物体温度不变，它的内能一定不变D.物体温度降低，一定是物体放出了热量考点：温度、热量与内能的关系．.专题：热和能．分析：做功和热传递都能改变物体的内能，物体温度升高，内能一定增加；内能与物体的温度、质量以及状态有关．解答：解：A、物体温度升高，分子运动更加剧烈，因此内能增大，故A正确；B、物体温度升高，可能吸收了热量，也可能是对它做了功，故B错误；C、晶体的熔化过程，尽管温度不变，但是它继续吸收热量，但是内能是增大的，故C错误；D、物体温度降低，内能减小，可能放出了热量，也可能对外做了功，故D错误．故选A．点评：本题主要是考查学生对内能、温度与热量三者之间的联系和区别的掌握，以及改变物体内能的两种方法是等效的．6.下列现象中，不能．．说明分子处在永不停息的无规则运动中的是A.花开时香气扑鼻B.扫地时尘土飞扬C.红墨水在水中散开D.衣柜里的樟脑丸过一段时间变小了考点：分子的运动．.专题：分子热运动、内能．分析：物质是由分子组成的，分子永不停息地做无规则的运动，扩散现象与布朗运动证明了分子的无规则运动．解答：解：A、花开时香味扑鼻是扩散现象，证明了分子不停地做无规则运动，不符合题意，故A 错误；B、扫地时尘土飞扬，是固体小颗粒的运动，不是分子的运动，不能说明分子永不停息地做无规则运动，符合题意，故B正确；C、红墨水在水中散开是扩散现象，能证明分子不停地做无规则运动，不符合题意，故C错误；D、衣柜里的樟脑丸过一段时间变小了，是扩散现象的结果，能证明分子永不停息地做无规则的运动，不符合题意，故D错误；故选B．点评：本题考查了分子动理论的应用，掌握分子动理论即可正确解题，本题难度不大是一道基础题．7.图3所示的四个实例中，目的是为了减小压强的是考点：减小压强的方法及其应用．.专题：压强、液体的压强．分析：压强大小跟压力大小和受力面积大小有关．增大压强的方法：在压力一定时，减小受力面积来增大压强；在受力面积一定时，增大压力来增大压强．减小压强的方法：在压力一定时，增大受力面积来减小压强；在受力面积一定时，减小压力来减小压强．解答：解：（1）注射器针头做得很尖、用刀切苹果、用很细的钢丝切肥皂，都是在压力一定时，减小受力面积来增大压强，不符合题意．（2）载重汽车装有很多轮子，是在压力一定时，增大受力面积来减小压强．符合题意．故选B．点评：掌握压强大小的影响因素，利用控制变量法，解释生活中增大和减小压强的有关问题．8.图4所示的四个情景中，其物态变化过程需要吸热的是考点：汽化及汽化吸热的特点．.专题：汽化和液化、升华和凝华．分析：熔化、汽化、升华需要吸热，凝固、液化、凝华需要放热，弄清楚四幅图中的物态变化再去判断吸放热情况．解答：解：A、冬天户外的人呼出“白气”，是嘴中呼出的水蒸气遇冷液化形成的小水珠，是液化现象，需要放热，故A不符合题意；B、湿裤子晾干，是水变成水蒸气的过程，是汽化现象，需要吸热，故B符合题意；C、冬天窗玻璃上有冰花，是水蒸气遇冷凝华形成的小冰晶，是凝华现象，需要放热，故C 不符合题意；D、钢水浇铸得到钢件，是钢水变成固态钢件的过程，是凝固现象，需要放热，故D不符合题意．故选B．点评：此题主要考查的是学生对物态变化概念及其吸放热情况的理解和掌握，弄明白四幅图中的物态变化名称是解决此题的关键．9.如图5所示的四种情景中，人对物体做功的是考点：力是否做功的判断．.专题：应用题．分析：做功必须具备两个必要因素：①作用在物体上的力，②物体在力的方向上通过距离．判定有没有做功，就从是否具备这两个必要因素入手．解答：解：A、举着杠铃不动，人给杠铃一个向上的力，杠铃向上没有移动距离，人对杠铃没有做功．不符合题意．B、大力士支撑着大轮胎静止不动，人对轮胎施加了力，但没有移动距离，人对轮胎没有做功．不符合题意．C、用力搬起箱子，人给箱子一个向上的力，箱子向上移动了距离，人对箱子做功．符合题意．D、背着书包，人给书包一个竖直力，而书包没有在力的方向上通过的距离，所以没有做功．不符合题意．故选C．点评：有力有距离，力对物体不一定做功，物体必须在力的作用下通过了距离，力对物体才做功．10.下列说法中正确的是A.接入同一电路中的两个导体电阻大小不相等，则通过它们的电流也不相等B.带有异种电荷的两个小球互相靠近，会互相排斥C.电动自行车在给蓄电池充电时，是将化学能转化为电能D.原子弹和氢弹爆炸时，释放的都是核能考点：电路的基本连接方式；能量的相互转化；电荷间的相互作用规律；核能．.专题：其他综合题．分析：（1）串联电路中处处电流相等；（2）电荷间的相互作用规律：同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引；（3）蓄电池充电时，将电能转化为了化学能；（4）原子弹是核裂变工作的，氢弹是利用核聚变制成的．解答：解：A、如果不相等的两个电阻串联，则通过两个电阻的电流相等，故A错误；B、带有异种电荷的两个小球互相靠近，会互相吸引，故B错误；C、蓄电池充电时，将电能转化为了化学能；故C错误；D、原子弹是核裂变工作的，氢弹是利用核聚变制成的，因此原子弹和氢弹爆炸时，释放的都是核能，故D正确．故选D．点评：本题考查电路的基本连接方式、能力转化问题、电荷间的相互作用规律以及原子弹和氢弹的原理，涉及的知识点较多，但都是必须正确的基础内容．11. 下列选项是对质量和长度的估测，其中最接近实际的是A.一个鸡蛋的质量约为500gB.一位中学生身高约为1.6mC.一块橡皮的质量约为10kgD.一支未用过的2B铅笔的长度约为15mm考点：质量的估测；长度的估测．.专题：估算题．分析：估测法是利用物理概念、规律、物理常数和常识对物理量的数值、数量级进行快速计算以及对取值范围合理估测的方法，这就要求同学们要学会从生活体验中理解物理知识和物理规律，并且能将物理知识和物理规律用于对生活现象和生活常识的简单解释．解答：解：A、此选项不符合实际，一个鸡蛋的质量约为50g；B、此选项符合实际，一位中学生的身高约为1.6m；C、此选项不符合实际，一块橡皮的质量约为10g；D、此选项不符合实际，一直未用过的2B铅笔的长度约为15cm；故选B．点评：考查估测能力，需要在平时的学习与生活中多积累，将物理知识与社会生活联系起来．12.图6甲所示为一台电压力锅，它结合了高压锅和电饭锅的优点，省时省电、安全性高。

北京市各区2014年中考语文二模试卷分类汇编：现代文阅读之文段

北京市各区2014年中考语文二模试卷分类汇编现代文阅读—文段[2014东城二模] （二）阅读下面两段文字，完成第16-17题。

（共12分）文段一西汉时期，汉武帝派遣张骞出使西域。

之后，汉朝与西域的使者、商人开始把中国的丝和丝织品，从长安通过河西走廊、今新疆地区，运往西亚和欧洲，又把西亚各国的奇珍异宝输入中国内地。

这条沟通东西交通陆上要道，就是历史上著名的丝绸之路。

汉武帝后，西汉的商人还经常出海贸易，开辟了一条通往西方的海上交通贸易要道。

从广东出发，抵达印度半岛南端和斯里兰卡岛，在此，中国的瓷器、丝绸、糖、五金等多种货物被运送至埃及、罗马，并进口香料、宝石等。

有的学者根据陆上丝绸之路加以引申，称它为海上丝绸之路。

至明清时期，海上丝绸之路取代陆上丝绸之路，贸易繁盛。

16.根据文段一内容，请写出西汉时期“丝绸之路”发展的两个表现。

（4分）文段二德国地理学家李希霍芬首次提出“丝绸之路”这个名称，因为他经过考察，认为当时路上运输的是丝绸。

而另一些学者则有不同的看法。

尽管西域考古挖掘出一些丝织品，但这只说明“丝绸之路”确实由东向西运送过丝绸。

一条路的货物流向应是双向的，从东向西运送的主要是丝绸，那么从西向东运的主要是什么呢？考古发现，河南安阳殷墟妇好墓中出土了750多件玉器，其中一部分玉经鉴定是来自新疆的和田玉。

和田玉首开了我国中原与边疆、与西方交流的运输通道。

到了汉代，丝绸商人利用这一古老的“玉石”通道又发展了丝绸贸易，中原地区的西域玉石消费量更是随之大增，到魏晋南北朝时期，从西域来的玉石广泛用作饰品、礼器、艺术品等。

和田玉一直是中原最受欢迎的物品。

可以认为“丝绸之路”叫做“丝玉之路”更为贴切。

17.根据文段二的内容，写出“另一些学者”关于“丝绸之路”名称的不同看法及其理由。

（8分）看法：理由：参考答案：16.示例：表现一：由陆上发展到海上，丝绸之路的线路增多。

表现二：出口物品由丝绸扩大到陶瓷、糖等，贸易种类扩大。

北京市门头沟区2014年中考二模语文试题及答案

门头沟区2014年初三二模考试试卷答案的字母序号填写在答题纸中相应的表格内。

（共24分。

1—7题每小题2分，共14分；8题7分；9题3分）1.下列词语中加点字读音完全正确的一项是A．庇护(bì)逮(dài)捕高屋建瓴(línɡ)B．寒噤(jìn) 模样(mó)谆谆教诲(zhūn)C．翘首(qiào) 脑髓(suǐ) 中流砥柱(dǐ)D．颓唐(tuí)粗犷(kuànɡ)随声附和(hè)2.根据语境和所给字义，在下列句子横线处选填汉字，有误的一项是A．李刚因家境贫寒，无法继续学业，正在一（愁、筹）莫展之时，学校团委派人送来了捐款。

“愁”有“忧虑”的意思，“筹”有“计策、办法”的意思，横线处应填入“筹”。

B．“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”这句话告诉我们：事物之间是相互联系相互作用的，不可强求，一味追求两全（齐、其）美的结果可能是两手空空。

“齐”有“一块、同时”的意思，“其”有时作代词，指代前面所说的情况，横线处应填“其”。

C．张敏和王宁的兴趣不同，学习方法不同，但（舒、殊）途同归，都取得了优异的成绩，令人敬佩。

“舒”有“缓慢、从容”的意思，“殊”有“不同、差异”的意思，横线处应填“殊”。

D．欧阳修被贬滁州后，依然有纵情山水、与民同乐的闲情逸（至、致），足见他的乐观、豁达。

“至”有“极、最”的意思，“致”有“情趣”的意思，横线处应填“至”。

3.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用无误的一项是A. 巴金先生经常深入到百姓生活之中，感受、体验他们的辛酸与快乐，所以才有脍炙人口的作品流传于世。

B. 门铃刚一响，我和妈妈便不期而遇地站起来去开门。

C. 镇元大仙回到观中，得知孙悟空推倒了人参果树，非常气愤，立即追捕唐僧师徒，真是初生牛犊不怕虎。

D．秋季运动会上，我们班团体总分排在全校最后一名，但是我们依然坚持体育锻炼，希望能青出于蓝而胜于蓝。

北京市各区2014年中考语文二模试卷分类汇编：议论文阅读专题

北京市各区2014年中考语文二模试卷分类汇编议论文阅读专题[2014东城二模] （三）阅读下面文字，完成第18-20题。

（共8分）①家庭教育对一个人的成长，特别是人格的养成具有其他教育无法取代的作用。

时下一些人没有敬畏，不知珍惜，究其原因，是不懂孝与俭。

在家教中应该力倡孝与俭，它们是敬惜之心的发端。

②为了教育子孙后代，古人精心制定了一些家规家训，其中，孝与俭是我国传统家教的重要内容。

曾国藩针对子弟生长于富贵家庭、惯于养尊处优的情况，在家训中，特别强调了“尽孝悌”、“倡勤俭”，教育子女要敬老爱幼，衣勿华美。

颜之推的《颜氏家训》教导子孙要赡养父母、尊敬父母，崇尚“俭而不吝”。

这些家教，在约束子弟、和睦家族家庭、维护社会安定等方面起了重要作用。

③今天，我们所说的孝是指善事父母。

首先是物质上赡养父母，其次是顺从，言语和气、态度谦恭、及时回应父母的要求。

孝的最高层次是发自内心、不带任何附加条件的对父母的敬爱。

④在家庭教育中培养子女正确的孝顺观，可以使子女懂得奉养父母，侍候长辈，是本分。

孝是做人的基本准则，是中华民族绵延不绝的美德，也是一个人爱家爱国的出发点。

子女只有从孝敬父母开始，才能继而爱小家，再进而爱大家、爱国家。

⑤俭朴是人对待物质一种态度和精神，体现出对劳动的尊重，对劳动成果的珍惜。

诸葛亮的《诫子书》不足百字，思想深刻。

“静以修身，俭以养德。

非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远”，至今仍然被奉为圭臬①。

司马光专门写了一篇《训俭示康》，指出崇俭戒奢、劳谦终吉。

《朱子家训》中的“一粥一饭，当思来之不易；半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰”，告诉我们⑥因此，在家教中倡导俭朴，能够培养人们从小自我克制欲望的能力和精神，使人不滋生贪婪物欲，不贪图享受，少一份索取，多一份奉献。

⑦在家庭教育中从小培养敬老尊长，参加劳动等意识和习惯，从而体会劳动的不易和父母的辛苦，才能使人具备孝和俭的美德。

【注】①[圭臬]借指准则和法度。

18.本文的中心论点是什么？（2分）19.请在第⑤段横线处填上一句话，阐明《朱子家训》中的话与本段论点之间的联系。

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2014年北京市门头沟区中考二模全科试卷（包括语文、数学、英语、物理、化学）共五科试题及详细答案2014年北京市门头沟区中考二模语文试卷一、基础•运用。

下列选择题均有四个选项，其中只有一个．．符合题意，请将所选答案的字母序号填写在答题纸中相应的表格内。

（共24分。

1—7题每小题2分，共14分；8题7分；9题3分）1.下列词语中加点字读音完全正确的一项是A．庇．护(bì) 逮．(dài)捕高屋建瓴．(línɡ)B．寒噤．(jìn) 模．样(mó) 谆．谆教诲(zhūn)C．翘．首(qiào) 脑髓．(suǐ) 中流砥．柱(dǐ)D．颓．唐(tuí) 粗犷．(kuànɡ) 随声附和．(hè)2.根据语境和所给字义，在下列句子横线处选填汉字，有误．．的一项是A．李刚因家境贫寒，无法继续学业，正在一（愁、筹）莫展之时，学校团委派人送来了捐款。

“愁”有“忧虑”的意思，“筹”有“计策、办法”的意思，横线处应填入“筹”。

B．“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”这句话告诉我们：事物之间是相互联系相互作用的，不可强求，一味追求两全（齐、其）美的结果可能是两手空空。

“齐”有“一块、同时”的意思，“其”有时作代词，指代前面所说的情况，横线处应填“其”。

C．张敏和王宁的兴趣不同，学习方法不同，但（舒、殊）途同归，都取得了优异的成绩，令人敬佩。

“舒”有“缓慢、从容”的意思，“殊”有“不同、差异”的意思，横线处应填“殊”。

D．欧阳修被贬滁州后，依然有纵情山水、与民同乐的闲情逸（至、致），足见他的乐观、豁达。

“至”有“极、最”的意思，“致”有“情趣”的意思，横线处应填“至”。

3.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用无误的一项是A. 巴金先生经常深入到百姓生活之中，感受、体验他们的辛酸与快乐，所以才有脍炙人．．．口．的作品流传于世。

B. 门铃刚一响，我和妈妈便不期而遇．．．．地站起来去开门。

C. 镇元大仙回到观中，得知孙悟空推倒了人参果树，非常气愤，立即追捕唐僧师徒，真是初生牛犊不．．．．．怕虎．．。

D．秋季运动会上，我们班团体总分排在全校最后一名，但是我们依然坚持体育锻炼，希望能青出于蓝而．．．．．胜于蓝．．．。

4.依据语段内容,对画线病句的修改最恰当的一项是这个景象使很多初来乍到的中国旅行者很受震动，原本总以为我们拥有历史，人家拥有现代，看来事情并不是这样，如果我们仅仅因历史过于厚重而失落了现代，这倒不是一个不难让人理解的理由，但厚重的历史保存在哪里呢，走到欧洲街道上东张西望，暗暗比较，方知我们在很大程度上是两头失落。

A.这倒是一个让人难以理解的理由B.这倒是一个不难让人理解的理由C.这倒不是一个让人理解的理由D.这倒不是一个让人不难理解的理由5.请你阅读后，从下面选项中选出说得比较得体的一句话，帮助陈星弥补他说话的不妥之处。

今年3月22日，幸福学校初三（8）班从学校获得好消息，陈星同学在全国初中生作文大赛中，荣获一等奖。

消息一传开全班师生为之骄傲。

陈星同学一直酷爱写作，他的作文在班上经常被老师当范文来读。

此次作文大赛获奖后，陈星同学将由全国中学征文大赛组委会安排，于4月7日-15日到香港参加现场作文大赛，同学们都前来祝贺并期待他能够取得更好的成绩。

张红说：真羡慕你能到香港去参加比赛；李芳说：祝贺你有这么好的成绩。

下次你帮助我把作文好好写写，让我也能得个奖；陈明说：说说呗，你作文的秘诀是什么？面对同学们祝贺和充满羡慕的话语，陈星同学有些沾沾自喜，不假思索地说道：“也没什么，只不过在这次比赛中，我发挥的好，才技压群芳。

”A.也没什么，这次作文得奖我觉得很侥幸，一看作文题目就有话可说。

B.也没什么，作文吗，只要喜欢并且有机会参加比赛，就能八仙过海各显神通。

C.也没什么，就是要喜欢写作，坚持写作，把自己真实的情感写到作文中去。

D.也没什么，在这次比赛中，正好是我喜欢和擅长的内容，可谓尺有所短寸有所长。

6.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是内心里拥有善，才会看见弱小而自觉前去扶助，看见贫穷而情不自禁地产生同情，看见寒冷而愿意去雪中送炭。

积淀在我们血液里的和融化在我们脚步中的，都是这样一点一滴播撒和积累下的善。

，从而形成一泓循环的水流，，。

③我们在感动别人的同时，也被别人感动着①滋润着我们哪怕苦涩而艰难的日子②帮助我们度过相濡以沫的人生A．③②① B．②①③ C.②③① D. ③①②７.阅读下面这四幅在内容上有关联的图画，说说你从中悟出了什么？答：８．默写（7分）（1）羌管悠悠霜满地，人不寐，。

（范仲淹《渔家傲》）（2）白居易在《钱塘湖春行》中，借助莺燕的活动传达了春天来临的信息，也透露着诗人的喜悦之情，（39．名著阅读（3分）《①》是鲁迅先生回忆童年、少年、青年不同经历和体验的一部散文集。

鲁迅先生在文中以饱含深情的笔触，刻画了一个个鲜活的人物形象，给读者留下难以忘怀的印象。

如《从百草园到三味书屋》中方正、质朴、博学的寿镜吾，《范爱农》中正直倔强的范爱农，《②》中③。

二、文言文阅读（共10分）阅读《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》，完成第10—12题。

邹忌讽齐王纳谏《战国策》邹忌修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。

朝服衣冠，窥镜，谓其妻曰：“我孰与城北徐公美？”其妻曰：“君美甚，徐公何能及君也！”城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。

忌不自信，而复问其妾曰：“吾孰与徐公美？”妾曰：“徐公何能及君也？”旦日，客从外来，与坐谈，问之：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公不若君之美也。

”明日，徐公来，孰视之，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。

暮寝而思之，曰：“吾妻之美我者，私我也；妾之美我者，畏我也；客之美我者，欲有求于我也。

”于是入朝见威王，曰：“臣诚知不如徐公美。

臣之妻私臣，臣之妾畏臣，臣之客欲有求于臣，皆以美于徐公。

今齐地方千里，百二十城，宫妇左右莫不私王，朝廷之臣莫不畏王，四境之内莫不有求于王。

由此观之，王之蔽甚矣！”王曰：“善。

”乃下令：“群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏；上书谏寡人者，受中赏；能谤讥于市朝，闻寡人之耳者，受下赏。

”令初下，群臣进谏，门庭若市；数月之后，时时而间进；期年之后，虽欲言，无可进者。

燕、赵、韩、魏闻之，皆朝于齐。

此所谓战胜于朝廷。

10．填空。

（2分）（1）文中“四境之内莫不有求于王”一句中“于”相当于“对”；《曹刿论战》中“战于长勺”一句中“于”相当于“在”；《出师表》中“未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也”中的“于”的意思是。

（2）《醉翁亭记》中“其西南诸峰，林壑尤美”一句中“美”是“美丽”的意思；《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》中“吾妻之美我者，私我也”一句中“美”是“认为美”的意思；《桃花源记》中“芳草鲜美”一句中“美”11．用现代汉语翻译下面的语句。

（6分）（1）邹忌修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。

翻译：（2）我孰与城北徐公美？翻译：（3）由此观之,王之蔽甚矣。

翻译：12.结合选文内容，用自己的话概括齐国能够“战胜于朝廷”的原因。

（2分）答：三、现代文阅读（共36分）（一）阅读《装穷的亿万富翁》，完成第13—15题。

（共16分）装穷的亿万富翁三秋树①2013年9月，98岁的杰克〃麦克唐纳走了。

按其生前遗嘱，他拥有的1.876亿美元（约合11.4亿元人民币）被分为三份，分别捐给了西雅图儿童医院研究所、华盛顿大学法学院、救世军组织。

②消息传出，麦克唐纳最后的居留之所——西雅图“老人之家”的老伙伴们都惊呆了。

要知道，这个1997年便入住这家平民养老院的老头儿平时非常抠门儿——他喜欢收集各种优惠券，非打折的商品不买，时常为节省几美分而走上几站路。

95岁那一年，他应邀去母校华盛顿大学法学院参加晚宴，他舍不得打的，来去坐的都是公交车。

③就是这样一位节俭到骨子里的老人，却在身后留下巨额财产做慈善。

陪伴麦克唐纳一起装穷、帮他保守这个秘密长达40年的继女丹尼斯，同样震惊于继父的这份坚守。

④1971年，麦克唐纳与丹尼斯的母亲结婚。

那时，丹尼斯与姐姐都已经成家立业。

对于这个住着小房子、开着二手车的老男人，两姐妹秉承的原则是妈妈愿意就好。

事实上，二人婚后的生活非常开心，一年中有将近10个月的时间外出旅行，偶尔回国，母亲会用在世界各地学到的厨艺宴请宾朋。

担心两位玩疯了的老人会“坐吃山空”，丹尼斯曾经小心翼翼地想给他们一些帮助，不想，麦克唐纳却将自己的家底全都向丹尼斯摊了牌——继承了父母的遗产，加之这些年来在股市里的收益，麦克唐纳是一个地道的亿万富翁。

⑤“我不想被贪财的人纠缠，也不想被物质驾驭或奴役，所以，请你们帮我保守这个秘密。

等到有一天我走了，把我全部的钱都捐出去。

”⑥那一刻，丹尼斯觉得自己被继父征服了。

如果说炫富需要勇气的话，那么装穷则需要智慧。

老夫妻时常去排队抢购打折的日用品，能步行的时候绝不开车，至于穿着，丹尼斯常常笑他们跟这个时代隔着20年的距离，有着复古般的时尚。

有一次，丹尼斯偷偷地问妈妈：“跟这样一个节俭过度的人生活，会不会觉得委屈？”妈妈告诉丹尼斯：“跟他生活后，我生命的大门仿佛刚刚被打开一般。

我们一起过最节约的生活，也是最简单的生活，那种富足是其他人体会不到的。

”妈妈还告诉丹尼斯，麦克唐纳不是真的吝啬，他曾经多次陪着他匿名向多家慈善机构捐款。

“他写支票的样子帅极了！当把钱无偿支付给那些需要钱的人的时候，你会觉得自己变得高尚了，你会觉得这个男人朴素得伟大，你会为跟这样一个无私而低调的人生活在一起而感到骄傲。

”⑦1997年，年事已高的麦克唐纳夫妇一起搬进了西雅图的一家平民养老院——“老人之家”。

在那里，他们依然过着勤俭得几近穷苦的日子，所有人都觉得这是一对生活拮据的夫妻。

两年后，妻子去世了，麦克唐纳变成了一个孤独的老头儿，甚至有人拿他来教育前来探望自己的子女：“华盛顿法学院毕业又怎么样？还不是潦倒一生？连喝个果汁都要先计算一下自己兜里的钱，衣服破成那样子，也假装看不见。

”⑧2010年，身体每况愈下的麦克唐纳告诉丹尼斯，他希望以一个慈善家的身份被人记住——他的上亿资产全部捐给慈善机构。

对于身后事，他对丹尼斯说：“一切从简，能听到教堂的钟声就足够了。

”丹尼斯含泪听完继父的安排，她觉得，穿着破衣烂衫的继父心里，藏着一座金矿。

13．选文从作者的视角，回忆了继父杰克·麦克唐纳的生活琐事。

阅读选文后填写表格。

(6分)14．结合选文内容，说说你对母亲的“我生命的大门仿佛刚刚被打开一般”这句话的理解。

(3分)答：15．选文最后一段“丹尼斯含泪听完继父的安排，她觉得，穿着破衣烂衫的继父心里，藏着一座金矿。

”结合选文内容说说你觉得“这座金矿”是什么？（80—100字）(7分)答：（二）阅读文段，完成第16—17题。

（共10分）【文段一】珠算是以算盘为工具进行数字计算的一种方法。