中国文化概况AGlimpseofChineseCulture修订版Chapter11

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 12--World Heritage Sites

Natural Heritage
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
• Located in the mountainous northwest of Yunnan province • refer to the areas where the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nujiang River flow roughly parallel through steep gorges • numerous natural resources and traditional customs of multiple ethnic minorities • harbour the richest biodiversity among the temperate areas of the world
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Mount Wuyi • Located south of Wuyishan city, Fujian province • subtropical virgin forests and many attractions of exceptional scenic quality • also known for its great historic and cultural value
Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area • Located in Songpan county, northwest of Sichuan province • Its most important feature is the outstanding karst formation. • tall arbours and shrubs, vines, herbs and moss, as well as rare and endangered plants that only China has. • enjoys the reputation of “Kingdom of Cold Temperate Plants”. • boasts more than 30 species of national Grade-A and Grade-B protected animals

中国文化概况-Chapter-6

Yuan Longping and Hybrid Rice
（杂交水稻）
•谢 •谢
中国传统医学从业者整体诊断方法。他们认为病人的全身:他/她的饮食、年龄、习惯、情感、生活方式和生活环境。他们特别关注疾病的原因而不是症状
• Listening, smelling, inquiring, observing, and feeling the pulse (望、闻、问、切) are four diagnostic (诊断的) methods in traditional Chinese medicine.
• In the Yuan Dynasty, the method of making gunpowder was introduced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a series of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem (战略) and tactics (战术) on the battlefield.
Do you know the process of • In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a court official paper-making?
named Cai Lun (蔡伦) used inexpensive materials such as bark, hemp (麻头), rags, fishnet, wheat stalks (麦杆) and other materials to make paper, known as Cai lun Paper (蔡侯纸). • The materials were soaked, cut into pieces, boiled with plant ash, washed, and grounded with a pestle in a mortar (杵和臼). The mixture was then poured evenly on a flat surface to dry, or baked to become paper. It was relatively cheap, light, thin, durable and more suitable for brush writing.

中国文化概况

中国文化概况PPTword版2011-6-6说明：由于西区网络缘故，所发PPT打不开，现将课堂内容PPT转成word版，以此减少笔记的压力。

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture学生版1About This Course▪Time: 24 hours, 2 hours/week，12 weeks.▪Objectives:1)Getting a better understanding of Chinese culture;2)Getting to know the key terms in Chinese culture and their English expressions;3)Obtaining a comparative perspective in Chinese culture4)Cultivating a critical attitude towards Chinese culture▪Requirements1)Class attendances2)Active participation3)Final examinationAbout the Final ExaminationI. Give brief statements to the following topics (20%)II. Fill in the following blanks (20%)III. True or False. (20%)IV. Discuss the following two topics no less than 200 hundred words each. Both English and Chinese are acceptable(40%)注明：1、课程总评计分按学校规定，采用百分制，其中卷面占70%，平时30%。

平时成绩考评，按教务规定。

2、考虑到大一的语言能力表达有限，试卷作答允许中文，但文化现象分析必须符合上课讲授的要求。

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter10

Civilian residential housing
Huizhou residential houses

embraced local physical features incorporated fengshui concepts and aesthetic trends black tiles, white walls and decorations placed elegantly on upturned eaves the garden-style with exquisite carvings on the doors and windows doorframe constructed with one stone rather than a wood
Some Ethnic Houses
Dai bamboo house

the traditional dwelling of the Dai people square in shape, two storeys. living quarters: the upper storey, supported by wooden poles and more than two meters above the ground the open-walled lower storey is for raising domestic animals and for storage the building has an oblique (斜的) roof, shaped as an upside down, covered with grass or tiles. the upper storey: inner bedrooms and an outer living room

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 4

Discussion & Presentation
4
Lead-in Activity
Watch & Think Watch the video clip and discuss the reason why Shanghai schools outperform the Entire World On Tests.
The Development of Traditional Education
Official Schools The Academy of Classic Learning • Came into being during the Tang Dynasty and continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty • Established in various localities for studies and lectures • Existed for thousands of years and were more like the present higher education institutions and libraries • Became the gathering places for scholars, celebrities, and intellectuals • When the imperial civil examination system was abolished, most of the academies were converted into schools.
• Senior Middle School and Secondary Vocational School

中国文化概况_Chapter_3

Three sections:
Feng (folk ballads)
Ya (dynastic hymns) Song (sacrificial songs)
Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: For our prince a good mate she. Here long, there short, is the duckweed, To the left, to the right, borne about by the current. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: Waking and sleeping, he sought her. He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;
Philosophical prose
Lao Zi (Dao De Jing), Mo Zi, Mencius, Zhuang Zi,The Analects of Confucius
Han Dynasty Literature（５minutes） Literature（ minutes）
hanfu (汉赋) 汉赋)
Brief introduction (3 minutes)
Four main periods of Chinese literature development :

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 7

13
Lantern Festival
• celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month • with a grand display of beautiful lanterns • riddles pasted onto lanterns are guessed • yuanxiao, a kind of rice dumplings, was eaten
19
Mid-Autumn Festival
•Please tell the legend about the festival
20
Double Ninth Festival
• celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month • began as early as the Warring States period • activities include: outing and enjoying the scenes, climbing mountains, appreciating chrysanthemum, wearing dogwood, eating Chongyang pastry and drinking chrysanthemum wine • the Chinese government designated the festival as “Senior Citizens Day” in 1989
28
Antiphonal Singing Day
• a traditional festival for the Zhuang people and some other ethnic minorities • young people, dressed in their best, gather in the fields and do antiphonal singing in groups with those of the opposite sex

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8

Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。

中国文化概况A-Glimpse-of-Chinese-Culture(修订版)Chapter-8

10
Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang. Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories.
Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories.
9
Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
16
Eight Regional Cuisines
Guangdong Cuisine also known as Yuecai (粤菜). fresh, crisp, tender, lightly
seasoned. roasting, stir-frying, sautéing,
deep-frying, stewing and steaming. porridges and soups
18
Eight Regional Cuisines

中国文化概况 Chapt 1 An Overview (I)

According to Edward Burnett Tylor’s (1871) classic definition, “culture includes all capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 3, p784)

Different definitions of culture: Culture and cultivate

1) Culture refers to “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. (The New Oxford Dictionary of English, p.447)

3) Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning “to cultivate”) is a term that has various meanings. The word “culture” is most commonly used in three basic senses: a) Excellence of taste (体验) in the fine arts and humanities (人文学科), also known as high culture； b) An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning； c) The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, /wiki/Culture)

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter-5

14
Ancient Science and Technology
Four Great Inventions Traditional Chinese Medicine Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
15
Traditional Chinese Medicine
21
Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Porcelain
• made generally from clay • heated at a high degree • the first glazing color is blue
Abacus
• an early form of calculator
compass
printing
gunpowder
paper-making
9
Four Great Inventions
Compass
• shows geographic directions • use the earth’s magnetic field • enables international trade and exploration • denotes eight main directions • helpful for the explorations of Zheng
13
Four Great Inventions
Printing
• known as “mother of civilization” • includes block printing and movable type printing • block printing is time-consuming and the blocks become useless after the printing • movable type printing is more convenient with the pieces being durable and reusable

(完整版)中国文化概况 chapter13

World Cultural and Natural Heritage—Mountains
Mount Taishan was listed in 1987 by UNESCO as a Dual Cultural and Natural Heritage.
China’s spectacular mountain landscapes attract many tourists home and abroad.
Mount Emei
Mount Emei and the Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area were listed in 1996 by UNESCO WHC as a Dual Cultural and Natural Heritage.
China started to submit to the World Heritage List in 1987. Up to June 2007, among the over 800 World Heritage Sites listed by UNESCO, China has 35 listed, ranking the third, trailing Spain and Italy.
the Yonder s
Resembling a Golden Belt like Jade Plates
Mount Huangshan
Mount Huangshan was listed in 1990 by UNESCO as a Dual Cultural and Natural Heritage.
讨论 (10 minutes) 学生课件展示 (30 minutes)

中国文化概况Chapter1 ppt

National Anthem（国歌）

Arise, ye who refuse（拒绝） to be slaves（奴隶）; Let us amount our flesh and blood towards our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril（困境）, The thundering roar（轰鸣声） of our people will be heard! Arise! Arise! Arise! We are many, but our hearts beat as one! Selflessly（万众一心） braving the enemy’s gunfire（炮火）, march on! Selflessly braving the enemy’s gunfire, march on! March on! March on! on!

serves as 充当 economic经济 scientific科学 cultural文化 Taking a bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰 geography 地理 plateau高原 basin 盆地 canal大运河 climate 气候
An outline history

National Day国庆节 National Emblem 国徽 National Anthem 国歌 National Capital 首都 in honour of 以纪念…… the People’s Republic of China (PRC)中华人民共和国 Communist Party of China中国共产党 Tian’anmen Rostrum城楼 New-Democratic Revolution 新民主革命 March of the Volunteers义勇军进行曲

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 8

10
Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang.

Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories. Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories. Frying makes food yang.

9
Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
Lead-in Activity
Chinese diet
Discussion & Presentation
6
Culinary Culture
Features of Chinese Food
Eight Regional Chinese Delicacy Table Manners
Cuisines A Bite of China

中国文化概况_Chapter_3

Classical: pre—late Qing Modern: 1840—May 4th, 1919 Revolutionary: 1919—1949 Contemporary: 1949—present

Classical Literature (47minutes)

Definition
The Tang Poems（10 minutes）

The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems《全唐
诗》 The biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry.

The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages: Early Tang, High Tang, Mid Tang and late Tang
And waking and sleeping he thought about her.
Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;
On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ; On the left, on the right, we gather it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome. Here long, there short, is the duckweed ; On the left, on the right, we cook and present it. The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 6

中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
1
Chapter 6 Sports
2
学习目标
了解中国传统健身活动; 掌握奥运会的概况; 熟悉中国优秀体育项目。
3
Overview
Lead-in Activity
Sports in China
Discussion & Presentation
the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms periods. • Sporting images have been recorded over
the Dynasties in sepulchral mural paintings(壁画), stone paintings, brick paintings, poems, etc.
Traditional Physical Activities
Categories of Chinese Martial Arts
Boxing Weapon exercises Sparring exercises Actual combat Teamwork
15
Traditional Physical Activities
& China
Sports and athletes
13
Traditional Physical Activities
Martial Arts
• The most representative and typical traditional physical activities in China
• have opened the door for people of all races and cultures, and are

AGlimpseofChineseCulturechapter1-8

Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。

中国文化概况_chapter_2new

Spiritual Life over Material Life
Chinese people advocate morality in their behavior.
Self-cultivation in morals is emphasized, and is considered to be more important than one’s material life.
Stress on the Intuition
Chinese ancient philosophy did not adhere to formal rules of structure and system in thought and often resulted in fragmented (片断的) thoughts written on paper. It was through reflecting on life’s experiences and intuition that philosophical ideas were formed.
清实学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.
The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)
学) Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学) The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties