新人教版九年级第11-14单元测试题附答案

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人教版九年级物理 第14章 内能的利用 单元测试卷(含答案)

人教版九年级物理    第14章   内能的利用    单元测试卷(含答案)

人教版九年级物理第14章内能的利用单元测试卷一、选择题(每小题2分,共30分)1.如图所示,试管内装有少量水,管口被一橡胶塞塞紧。

用酒精灯给试管内水加热,直至水沸腾,并且水蒸气把塞子冲开。

这个实验展示了哪一种热机的工作原理( )A.蒸汽机B.内燃机C.汽轮机D.喷气发动机2. 如图是内燃机的能量流向图,其中对(1)和(2)最恰当的表述是( )A.(1)内能,(2)机器散热B.(1)内能,(2)废气带走的能量C.(1)化学能,(2)机械损耗D.(1)化学能,(2)废气带走的能量3.关于如图所示的内燃机,下列说法正确的是( )A.是汽油机的吸气冲程B.是柴油机的吸气冲程C.吸入的气体是汽油和空气D.吸入的气体是柴油和空气4. 如图所示为小球在地面弹跳的频闪照片。

根据此图,以下分析正确的是( )A.小球在下落时,它的重力势能减小,动能不变B.小球在上升时,它的重力势能减小,动能减小C.小球在弹跳过程中,它的高度下降,机械能减小D.小球在弹跳过程中,它的高度下降,机械能不变5.下列热现象的说法中正确的是( )A.沿海地区昼夜温差比内陆地区小,是因为水的比热容小B.汽油机压缩冲程把内能转化为机械能C.火箭用氢作燃料主要是因为氢的热值高D.冬天搓手取暖是利用热传递来改变内能6.下列说法中错误的是( )A.能的转化和守恒定律只适用于物体内能的变化B.只要有能的转化和转移,就一定遵循能量守恒定律C.能的转化和守恒定律是人们认识自然和利用自然的有力武器D.任何一种形式的能在转化为其他形式的能的过程中,消耗多少某种形式的能量,就能得到多少其他形式的能量,而能的总量保持不变7.下面是汽油机工作时的各个冲程示意图,其中将机械能转化为内能的是( )8.下列说法不正确的是( )A.炒菜时,满屋飘香,表明分子在不停地做无规则运动B.用水作为汽车发动机的冷却剂,主要是因为水的比热容较大C.煤的热值比干木柴的大,煤燃烧时放出的热量一定比干木柴燃烧时放出的热量多D.四冲程汽油机的做功冲程中,内能转化为机械能9.下列交通工具中,动力设备不是利用热机的为( )A.远洋轮船B.电动摩托车C.战斗机D.载重汽车10.关于燃料和热值,以下说法正确的是( )A.容易燃烧的燃料,热值一定大B.热值越高的物质含有的热量越多C.燃料的热值与燃料的燃烧情况无关D.增加供氧量,让燃料更充分燃烧可以提高燃料的热值11.关于汽油机的做功冲程,下列说法正确的是( )A.该冲程活塞往复运动两次B.该冲程机械能转化为内能C.该冲程内能转化为机械能D.随着汽油的燃烧,汽油的热值会减少12.我国大多数家庭烧水做饭所需的内能是通过燃料燃烧获得的。

人教版九年级上册《第14章 内能的利用》单元测试卷(含答案)

人教版九年级上册《第14章 内能的利用》单元测试卷(含答案)

人教版九年级上册《第14章内能的利用》2022年单元测试卷一、单选题(本大题共12小题,共36分)1.(3分)把盛有冷水的铝壶放到电炉上加热,则发生热传递三种方式的先后顺序应该是()A. 对流、辐射、传导B. 传导、对流、辐射C. 传导、辐射、对流D. 辐射、传导、对流2.(3分)关于热机,下列说法不正确的是()A. 热机的功率越大,其工作效率越高B. 减少城市热岛效应的措施之一就是倡导“绿色出行”C. 热机是将内能转化为机械能的装置D. 不管技术如何改进,热机的效率都不可能达到100%3.(3分)四冲程内燃机在一个循环中,内能转化为机械能的冲程是()A. 吸气B. 压缩C. 做功D. 排气4.(3分)8.(2022洪山区期中)从能量转化的角度看,一台四冲程内燃机在一个循环中,下列说法中正确的是()A. 只有做功冲程存在着化学能转化为内能的过程B. 排气冲程存在着内能转化为机械能的过程C. 吸气冲程具有很明显的机械能转化为内能的过程D. 压缩冲程存在着机械能转化为化学能的过程5.(3分)如图表示出了电冰箱的构造和原理,下列说法正确的是()A. 制冷剂在冷冻室内由液态变为气态,是汽化吸热过程B. 冰箱的工作说明热量可以自发地从低温物体传递到高温物体C. 冷冻室中结的霜,是一种熔化现象D. 制冷剂在冷凝器内由气态变成液态,是凝固放热过程6.(3分)2020年1月18日,第十届江苏“台湾灯会”在常州恐龙城开幕。

如图所示为展会中的“走马灯”,点燃底部蜡烛,热空气上升驱动扇叶转动,观众惊奇地看到纸片小人的影子动了起来。

这个过程发生的能量转化与四冲程汽油机冲程图中相同的是()A. B. C. D.7.(3分)质量2kg的煤油燃烧一部分,剩余1kg则下列说法正确的是()A. 密度变为原来的1/2B. 比热容变为原来的1/2C. 质量变化原来的1/2D. 热值变为原来的1/28.(3分)西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号运载火箭,于2019年4月20日将第四十四颗北斗导航卫星成功送上太空。

人教版九年级化学下册第十一单元盐 化肥章节测试试题(含解析)

人教版九年级化学下册第十一单元盐 化肥章节测试试题(含解析)

人教版九年级化学下册第十一单元盐化肥章节测试考试时间:90分钟;命题人:化学教研组考生注意:1、本卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间90分钟2、答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级填写在试卷规定位置上3、答案必须写在试卷各个题目指定区域内相应的位置,如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带,不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第I卷(选择题 30分)一、单选题(10小题,每小题3分,共计30分)1、下列做法正确的是A.胃溃疡患者用小苏打治疗胃酸过多症B.医疗上用食盐配制生理盐水C.为了消除蚊虫叮咬后的痛痒,在患处涂肥皂水D.用pH试纸检验雨水的pH为5.5,确定此雨水是酸雨2、建立模型是学习化学的重要方法,下列化学模型中正确的是A.地壳中元素含量B.镁原子结构示意图C .物质的分类D .分解反应和化合反应的关系3、物质与水发生的复分解反应称为水解反应,例如:Al 2S 3 + 6H 2O = 2Al(OH)3↓ + 3H 2S↑。

根据上述观点,下列说法中不正确的是 A .NaF 的水解产物是NaOH 和HF B .CaO 2的水解产物是Ca(OH)2和H 2O 2 C .PCl 3的水解产物之一是PH 3D .Mg 3N 2水解产物之一是NH 34、下列离子能够大量共存并形成无色溶液的是 A .K +、H +、Cl -、OH -B .Cu 2+、K +、Cl -、-3NOC .Ba 2+、+4NH 、2-4SO 、-3NOD .Na +、K +、-3NO 、2-3CO5、除去下列各物质中的少量杂质,所选用的试剂、方法均正确的是A .AB .BC .CD .D6、6月5日是世界环境日,今年我国的主题是“人与自然和谐共生”。

你认为下列措施切实可行的是 A .大量砍伐森林,作为燃料代替燃煤 B .防止工厂废气污染空气,将工厂烟囱加高 C .禁止使用化肥、农药D .使用风力、水力发电代替火力发电7、下列各组离子在水中能大量共存,并形成无色透明溶液的是 A .Mg 2+、Ca 2+、23CO -、Cl ﹣B .H +、4NH +、Cu 2+、3NO -C .Na +、K +、Cl ﹣、24SO -D .Fe 3+、Ba 2+、24SO -、OH ﹣8、除去下列物质中混有的杂质,选用的试剂和操作方法均正确的是A .AB .BC .CD .D9、下列叙述正确的是 A .pH 越大溶液酸性越强B .酸性溶液可以用酚酞检验出来C .酸性溶液可以使蓝色石蕊试纸变红D .盐溶液都是中性溶液10、电解质是溶于水或熔融状态下能够导电的化合物,以下物质属于电解质的是 A .金属钠B .盐酸C .氢氧化钠固体D .氯化钠溶液第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 70分)二、填空题(5小题,每小题4分,共计20分)1、按要求写出下列方程式:(1)有氯气参加反应的化合反应:___________;(2)有三种物质生成的分解反应:___________;(3)有铝单质参加的置换反应:___________;(4)有红褐色沉淀产生的复分解反应:___________。

人教版九年级英语全册 各单元测试题附答案共14套

人教版九年级英语全册 各单元测试题附答案共14套

Unit1How can we become good learners?单元测试03一、听力测试(20分)(一)听录音,选出与所给句子内容相匹配的图画。

(5分)()1.A. B. C.()2.A. B. C.()3.A. B. C.()4.A. B. C.()5.A. B. C.(二)听句子,选择适当的答语。

(5分)()6.A.Yes,I do. B.It helps me a lot. C.By joining an English club.()7.A.Yes,I did.B.No,I haven’t.C.I have learned English by watching videos.()8.A.Good idea. B.It’s terrible. C.Yes,I have.()9.A.Yes,I often listen to tapes.B.Sure.C.Never mind.()10.A.No,I haven’t. B.No,I can’t. C.Yes,I do.(三)听短文,选择最佳答案。

(5分)()11.What was LiHong like before?A.Shy.B.Serious.C.Careless.()12.What was she afraid to do in the English classes?A.Recite texts.B.Answer questions.C.Write compositions.()13.When did she begin to show interest in English?A.Five years ago.B.At the age of16.C.After going to middle school.()14.How did she learn English in her free time?A.By reading English stories.B.By listening to English songs.C.By going to the English corner.()15.What does she hope to do?A.To teach English.B.To study abroad.C.To travel abroad.(四)根据你所听到的内容,填写下面的表格,每空不超过3个单词。

人教版新目标英语九年级-Unit11单元同步测试卷及答案

人教版新目标英语九年级-Unit11单元同步测试卷及答案

九年级英语第十一单元期末复习测试题一、单项填空(每小题1分,共20分)1. Does Mary agree with you?— Yes, sure. We are in ______ agreement. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填2. — My parents are sometimes too hard ______ me.— Are they? They just want you to spend more time ______ your lessons.A. on; onB. on; withC. with; onD. with; with3. Is it true that some colors can make us feel relaxed?— Y es. Colors do have the ______ to change our feelings and moods.A. secretB. powerC. ideaD. experience4. Doctor, do you think I have got a bad cold?— Maybe. But I can't say that before I ______ you.A. createB. warnC. examineD. prove5. Look at Eric's ______ face. The snake scared him just now.— Yes, I think so. He isn't a brave boy.A. blackB. redC. paleD. blue6. Tina and I are good friends. Our ______ began 10 years ago.A. messageB. friendshipC. suggestionD. education7. Did you and your parents join the trip?— Yes. ______ us, the Greens also went to the amusement park.A. ExceptB. Except forC. BesideD. Besides8. How do you like Han Han's books?— They are my last choice. The more I read them, ______ I like them.A. the lessB. the leastC. the moreD. the most9. How about seeing a movie, Jenny?— Well, I would stay at home rather than ______ to the movies.A. goB. goingC. goesD. went10. I didn't enjoy myself at the party. I just felt ______ . — Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.A. left outB. to leave outC. leaving outD. be left out11. He was happy to see an old friend of ______ in the street. A. him B. he C. his D. her12. I asked Tom if he would help me and he ______ . A. disagreed B. nodded C. refused D. cried13. It's ______ far ______ we can't walk there. Let's take a taxi.A. so; thatB. too; toC. such; thatD. enough; to14. I am not sure which tie to wear for the party.— Sorry, I have no idea, ______ .A. tooB. neitherC. alsoD. either15. The bed was very hard and ______ , so I couldn't fall asleep.A. comfortableB. uncomfortableC. softD. beautiful16. — Have you heard from Mrs. Green lately?— ______ I ______ my brother has received any call or e-mail from her. Hope she is doing well.A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Either; or17. — I have told Jim many times to be careful with his lessons, but...— He is clever but careless. You can't make a crab(蟹)______ straight, can you?A. walksB. to walkC. walkD. walking18. Tom ______ a new camera lately. — Really? Do you know its brand?A. buysB. has boughtC. is buyingD. will buy19. — Look at the lovely baby panda. Do you know ______ at birth?— I guess he might be about 100 grams heavy.A. what was his weightB. how heavy was heC. how he was heavyD. what his weight was20. I hope you won't disappoint us in the final, Andy.— ______. I will try my best not to let you down.A. I dislike itB. I am afraid notC. You're wrongD. Believe in me二、完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)A few years ago, I worked at a church(教堂). My son was little, 21 he went with me to the church every day. Most mornings, we'd stop at a 22 , and get a chocolate drink for him and a cup of coffee for me.A girl at the store brought some 23 and color to our lives each day, so we went there again and again. She had found her own way of enjoying life and her job. I was not even 24 if she knew that her exuberance (活力)had put a smile on the face of each customer.When a customer brought 25 to the counter(柜台), a saleswoman could have asked, "Would you like some milk with these cookies?" 26 , the girl asked, "Would you like a lottery ticket(彩票)with these cookies?" She 27 asked some funny questions.Y es, life is what you make of it. It's clear that this girl's way of dealing with the customers made the hours in her day more 28 . By doing that, she also influenced the lives of others and made them 29 .Sometimes, if my day at the church made me tired, we'd stop at that store before 30 home. We'd giggle (咯咯笑)as we left the store with the girl's words still behind us, "Would you like some shampoo(洗发香波)with that soda?"21. A. though B. so C. because D. if22. A. store B. hospital C. hotel D. station23. A. trouble B. fun C. ideas D. sweets24. A. afraid B. worried C. sure D. nervous25. A. drinks B. cookies C. coke D. chocolate26. A. Suddenly B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Besides27. A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. always28. A. necessary B. important C. strange D. interesting29. A. cry B. shout C. laugh D. think30. A. cleaning B. going C. leaving D. missing三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共30分)AJohn and Bobby joined a wholesale(批发)company together just after graduation from college the same year. After several years, however, the boss chose Bobby to be the manager but John remained a worker. John could not stand it anymore. He wrote a resignation letter(辞职信)to the boss and complained that the boss did not know who worked harder and better.The boss knew that John worked very hard for the years. He thought a moment and said, "Thank you for your criticism(批评), but I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you will change your decision and take back your resignation letter."John agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelon in the market. John went andreturned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelon. The boss asked the price. John didn't know and went back to the market to ask and returned to tell the boss $1.2 per kilo.Then the boss called Bobby to come to his office. He asked Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelon in the market. Bobby went, returned and said to the boss, "Only one person selling watermelon, $1.2 per kg, $10 for 10 kg. He has 340 melons(甜瓜). Each melon is about 2 kg. Bought from the South two days ago, they are fresh and red, good quality."John was very surprised and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to resign but to learn from Bobby.31. After Bobby was chosen to be the manager, John decided to ______.A. criticize BobbyB. give up his jobC. work even harderD. learn from Bobby32. In fact, John was ______. A. hard-working B. lazy C. knowledgeable D. clever33. How did John know the watermelon price?A. He asked Bobby.B. He asked the boss.C. He bought a watermelon.D. He asked the watermelon seller.34. The boss asked John to do one more thing for his company hoping that ______.A. he would resignB. he would be the managerC. he would remain to work thereD. he would change his attitude towards Bobby35. The difference between John and Bobby was that ______.A. Bobby didn't work so hard as JohnB. Bobby got along better with the boss than John.C. Bobby collected much more market information than JohnD. Bobby sold more watermelons than John at a wholesale food marketBAn American boy said he didn't want an 11th birthday party because he had no friends. But now he is getting something exciting—to be a professional hockey(曲棍球)player.Colin and his family visited players and coaches of the Kalamazoo Wings at a restaurant this week. Colin said, "I knew we were going to the restaurant, but I was not expecting the rest(其余)."The team provided the boy with a one-day contract(合同). It will allow him to join the Wings for their home(主场)game on Sunday. Colin will get his own jersey(线衣). He will drop the game puck(冰球)and even sit on the bench with the players.Colin has trouble communicating with other people. This makes it hard for him to make friends with kids of his age. Children and adults with such trouble often have high IQ, but have problems in social situations. They often have trouble understanding jokes.So his mother created a "Happy Birthday Colin" on a Facebook page. It went viral and drew more than 2 million "likes." Colin's mom said the best reward for her efforts was seeing Colin grow. "I have seen him change greatly because he knows he has 2.1 million friends. His self-confidence has grown."K-Wings Head Coach Nick Bootland said, "There are things that are much bigger than the game. If we can put a smile on a kid's face that deals with a lot of trouble, we're excited about that chance."36. The Kalamazoo Wings is a ______.A. popular gameB. hockey teamC. school's nameD. Facebook page37. What's TRUE about Colin?A. He has few friends in his real life.B. He is a really professional hockey player.C. He has trouble with his lessons.D. He is good at telling jokes.38. The underlined words "went viral" most probably mean "______ ".A. became strange to peopleB. became popular with peopleC. was known by few peopleD. was easy to get39. Now Colin ______ than before.A. is much strongerB. has a higher IQC. is more confidentD. is more interested in Facebook40. The reading above may be taken from the ______ page of a newspaper.A. school & teenage lifeB. art & musicC. scienceD. world news四、短文填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)When I first met my fifth-grade teacher, I was happy. She seemed pretty nice, so I was excited to(46)_________ a whole year with her. Every day the class would do a warm-up and then discuss it. We would also read stories, sing songs and learn about different cultures around the world. I thought I was very lucky to have such a great, kind and caring(47)_________.When December came around, my teacher suddenly stopped(48)_________ to school. The whole class missed (49)_________. Rumors(谣言)spread around the school about(50)_________ she didn't come to school."She's(51)_________ holiday," some girls explained to each other during lunchtime."She's got really tired of us and decided(52)_________ to teach us anymore," some boys said.(53)_________ no one knew the truth.For the rest of the school year, I never saw her again. In the middle of the sixth grade, I received a disturbing(令人不安的)message. She had died of cancer(癌症). I(54)_________ very upset. I wish I could visit her in the hospital. Whenever I think about her, I remember all of the happy times we had together. Because of her, I can understand what matters most to me. I never told her how much she meant to me. And now it's too(55)_________.五、读写综合(本大题分为A、B 两部分,共25分)A. 信息归纳(每小题1分,共5分)Puerto Galera is a small town on the northeast coast of the island of Mindoro in the Philippines(菲律宾). It's a popular spot in summer. People come here from all over the country and the rest of the world for its wonderful beaches and fun water activities.Puerto Galera beachesWater skiing, boating and swimming are some of the activities that Puerto Galera beaches offer to vacation tourists. They are great places to watch the stars light up in the sky.Dolphin watchingThe best time to go dolphin watching in Puerto Galera is early in the morning. In the beginning, dolphin watching can be difficult as the creatures may lie in between the waves(海浪). But soon enough, one or two of them will break out of the waters and perform a jump. Then the other dolphins will begin to jump as well.Puerto Galera museumIt is on the ground floor of a church. There are many exhibitions of Spanish and pre-Spanish times.Tamaraw FallsTamaraw Falls offers a beautiful place to swim and have fun. It is popular on weekends.B. 书面表达(本题20分)一曲《时间都去哪儿了》让成千上万的人感动落泪。

人教版九年级物理单元测试题全套附答案

人教版九年级物理单元测试题全套附答案

人教版九年级物理单元测试题全套附答案含期中期末试题第十三章检测卷时间:70分钟满分:70分一、单选题(每题3分,共36分)1.下列现象中,能说明分子在不停地做无规则运动的是()A.校园里花香四溢B.湖面上柳絮飘扬C.公路上大雾弥漫D.工地上尘土飞扬2.气体容易被压缩是由于()A.气体分子间无斥力B.气体分子间只有引力C.气体分子间距离大,作用力较小D.以上说法均不对3.关于扩散现象,下列说法错误的是()A.温度越高,扩散进行得越快B.扩散现象是由物质分子无规则运动产生的C.扩散现象在气体、液体和固体中都能发生D.在太空中,扩散现象将消失4.对下列现象的解释,正确的是()A.湿衣服经晾晒后会变干,说明分子在永不停息地运动B.封闭在容器内的液体很难被压缩,说明分子间有引力C.用手捏海绵,海绵的体积变小了,说明分子间有间隙D.破碎的镜子靠在一起不能“重圆”,说明分子间有斥力5.当盛油的厚壁钢瓶内压强增大到相当于大气压的1万到2万倍时,虽然瓶壁无裂痕,瓶内的油依然能从里面渗出,这是因为()A.金属原子间有空隙B.油分子被压小了C.油分子之间有引力D.金属原子不停地做无规则运动6.下列各图所列举的事例中,属于热传递改变物体内能的是()7.下列物理现象中,属于通过做功途径改变物体内能的是()A.冬天晒太阳人会感到暖和B.饮料放入冰箱冷藏室会变凉C.锯木头时锯条会变热D.烧红的铁块放入水中会变凉8.如图所示,向瓶内打气,当瓶塞跳起时会看到瓶内出现“白气”,下面叙述合理的是()A.打气时,瓶内空气内能减小B.打气时,瓶内空气温度降低C.瓶内的“白气”是水蒸气D.瓶塞跳起时,瓶塞机械能增大9.关于温度、内能和热量的说法错误的是()A.0℃的冰也具有内能B.物体放出热量,温度不一定降低C.物体对外做功,内能可能减小D.温度高的物体,内能一定大10.冰在熔化的过程中,下列判断正确的是()A.比热容改变,内能增加,温度不变B.比热容改变,内能和温度不变C.比热容、内能和温度都增加D.比热容、内能和温度都不变11.甲、乙两物体质量都为1kg,丙物体质量为2kg,三个物体温度都升高1℃,吸收热量如图所示,以下说法正确的是()A.乙的比热容与丙的相等B.甲的比热容比乙的大C.甲的温度升高1℃,需吸收2000J的热量D.甲、乙的温度都降低1℃,乙比甲放出的热量多12.如图1所示,规格相同的容器装了相同质量的纯净水,用不同加热器加热,忽略散热,得到如图2所示的水温与加热时间的关系图像,则()A.乙中温度计示数为32℃B.加热相同时间,两杯水吸收的热量相同C.吸收相同的热量,甲杯的水升温比乙杯的多D.甲杯的水加热2min与乙杯的水加热3min吸收的热量相同二、非选择题(本题包括7小题,共34分)13.(2分)小丽从网上学会了“鱼香肉丝”的做法,“母亲节”那天,当她做好这道菜,她的妈妈恰好进家门,就惊讶地叫道:“她爸,今天的菜好香啊!”,小丽高兴地端着菜从厨房出来,走到妈妈的面前,对着妈妈说:“祝妈妈节日快乐!”从物理学来说,妈妈能闻到菜香是由于分子的________现象,说明了分子做________(选填“无”或“有”)规则运动。

人教版新目标英语九年级 Unit 11 单元同步测试卷及答案

人教版新目标英语九年级 Unit 11 单元同步测试卷及答案

Unit 11标准检测(时间:100分钟满分:120分得分:________)一、听力理解(本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分,共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)A.听句子(本题有5小题,每小题1分,共5分)根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题,选择符合题意的图画回答问题。

每小题听一遍。

()1.How did the speaker go to sleep?A. B. C.()2.What hasn't Judy packed?A. B. C.()3.What are they going to do?A. B. C.()4.How is the woman going to Shanghai?A. B. C.()5.What was the weather like then?A. B. C.B.听对话(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)回答每段对话后面的问题,在各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

每段对话听两遍。

听第一段对话,回答第6小题。

()6.Who likes the red color?A.Bill. B.Kate. C.No one.听第二段对话,回答第7小题。

()7.What does the girl mean?A.She hates the party.B.She is interested in the party.C.She thinks the music and the light are too bad.听第三段对话,回答第8小题。

()8.Why does Henry prefer true friends?A.Because they are good at telling jokes.B.Because they are honest and helpful.C.Because they are serious enough.听第四段对话,回答第9小题。

()9.What does the woman mean?A.Jack should try to trust his brother.B.Jack needn't trust his brother again.C.Jack should try to tell the truth.听第五段对话,回答第10小题。

人教版九年级物理全一册第十四章 内能的利用 单元测试卷(含答案)

人教版九年级物理全一册第十四章 内能的利用 单元测试卷(含答案)

第十四章内能的利用单元测试卷一、选择题(本大题共14小题)1.如图所示是一新款跑车,当跑车在水平路面上疾驰时,下列说法正确是()A.给跑车提供动力的是压缩冲程B.跑车用水作冷却剂,是因为水的比热容小C.做功冲程中,内能转化为机械能D.夏天在户外的车身较热,这是通过做功增加车身的内能2.2021年10月16日,神舟十三号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功,顺利将翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富3名航天员送入太空,下列说法正确的是()A.火箭使用液氢做燃料,利用液氢的热值大B.火箭升空时头部发热是由于热传递造成的C.火箭加速升空过程中,动能与势能都增大D.载人飞船在预定轨道正常运行时没有惯性3.下列能量转化或转移的情景中,属于能量转移的是()A.燃料燃烧时发热B.用热水袋取暖C.钻木取火D.电动机带动水泵把地下水送到地面4.2022年5月10日,搭载天舟四号货运飞船的长征七号运载火箭,在我国文昌航天发射场升空,成功进入预定轨道。

长征七号运载火箭采用液态氢作为火箭的燃料,原因是液态氢具有()A.较大的比热容B.较低的沸点C.较大的热值D.较小的质量5.下列说法正确的是()A.热机消耗的燃料越少其效率就越高B.在搓手取暖过程中内能转化为机械能C.内能小的物体也可以将热量传给内能大的物体D.夏天洒水降温是利用水的比热容较大的特性6.如图所示,在试管内装适量水,用橡胶塞塞住管口,将水加热至沸腾一段时间后,橡胶塞被推出,管口出现大量“白气”。

根据实验情景,下列说法中正确的是()A.试管内能逐渐增加,是通过做功的方式改变的B.温度升高的过程中,水分子无规则运动的剧烈程度增加C.管口出现大量“白气”属于汽化现象D.水蒸气推出橡胶塞的过程中,水蒸气的内能转化为橡胶塞的机械能7.下列说法中不正确...的是()A.一桶水的比热容与一杯水的比热容相同B.使燃料燃烧更充分,可以增大燃料的热值C.用锯条锯木板时,锯条发热,锯条的内能增加D.物体的温度越高,所含的热量越多8.如图是内燃机的某冲程工作示意图,以下改变内能方式与此相同的是()A.勺子放在热汤里,勺子会变热B.铁锤反复敲打铁钉,铁钉变热C.饮料放在电冰箱里,饮料变凉D.用嘴向手“哈气”,手会变暖和9.如图所示是用塑料瓶自制的火箭模型,在瓶子的侧壁安装一个遥控电火花发生器,按下按钮会产生电火花。

初中化学(新人教版)九年级全一册同步测试:第十一单元测评(同步习题)【含答案及解析】

初中化学(新人教版)九年级全一册同步测试:第十一单元测评(同步习题)【含答案及解析】

第十一单元测评(时间:45分钟满分:100分)可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1O 16Na 23Cl 35.5Fe 56一、快乐点击(每小题3分,共30分)1.下列各种变化,属于化学变化的是()A.海水晒盐B.用活性炭除去水中异味C.海水淡化D.从海水中提取金属镁2.下列购买的物质中不能作为氮肥使用的是()A.硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]B.氨水(NH3·H2O)C.硝酸(HNO3)D.尿素[CO(NH2)2]3.盐在日常生活中是用途非常广泛的一类物质。

下列说法中不正确的是()A.添加大量的亚硝酸钠来保鲜食品B.硝酸钾在农业上可用作复合肥C.农业上常用硫酸铜配制波尔多液D.用纯碱除去面粉发酵生成的酸4.下列化学肥料属于复合肥料的是()A.氯化钾B.硝酸钾C.磷矿粉D.硫酸铵5.下列离子组能在pH=1的无色溶液中大量共存的是()A.N O3-Fe3+Na+OH-B.K+S O42-Na+N O3-C.Cl-K+S O42-Ba2+D.Ca2+Cl-C O32-Na+6.下列反应属于复分解反应的是()A.C+O2CO2B.2H2O2H2↑+O2↑C.3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2D.HCl+AgNO3AgCl↓+HNO37.常温下,在pH=7的无色溶液中,下列离子可以大量共存的是()A.Na+、Ca2+、N O3-、C O32-B.N H4+、Cu2+、Cl-、S O42-C.Ba2+、K+、OH-、N O3-D.Na+、K+、N O3-、Cl-8.如图所示,现有甲、乙、丙、X、Y、Z六种物质,其中连线两端的甲、乙、丙溶液两两之间能发生反应;X、Y、Z之间只通过一步反应就能实现如箭头所指方向的转化。

下列符合上述要求的一组物质是()9.硫酸厂的污水中含有硫酸,直接排放会导致河流水质酸化,加入下列物质不能解决问题的是()A.NaOHB.Ca(OH)2C.BaCl2D.CaO10.某白色粉末可能含有NaOH、Na2CO3、Na2SO4、NaCl中的一种或几种。

人教版九年级英语 Unit 11单元测试题及答案

人教版九年级英语 Unit 11单元测试题及答案

Unit11Sad movies make me cry.单元测试02一、听力理解(20小题,每小题1分,共20分)第一节听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

每段对话读两遍。

1.What does red wall make the girl feel?A.Happy.B.Nervous.C.Sad.2.What does the woman say about the movie?A.It made her laugh a lot.B.It made her sleepy.C.It made her want to leave.3.What do we know about the car?A.It often breaks down.B.The man got it from his father.C.The man bought it30years ago.14.How was the man’s ski trip?A.Good.B.Boring.C.Terrible.5.How does the woman feel about the music?A.It makes her relaxed.B.It makes her happy.C.It makes her uncomfortable.第二节听下面几段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话,回答第6至第7两个小题。

6.What happened to Colin?A.He was kicked off the football team.B.He broke his leg last night.C.He bought a new car.7.What is the relationship between Tim and Colin?A.Strangers.B.Brothers.C.Teammates.听下面一段对话,回答第8至第10三个小题。

人教版初中物理九年级第十四章《内能的利用》单元测试题(解析版)

人教版初中物理九年级第十四章《内能的利用》单元测试题(解析版)

第十四章?内能的利用?单元测试题一、单项选择题(每题只有一个正确答案)1.关于燃料的热值,以下说法中正确的选项是〔〕A.燃烧1千克某种燃料放出的热量叫这种燃料的热值B.燃料燃烧时,质量越大,热值越大C.燃料不完全燃烧时的热值比完全燃烧时的热值小D.燃料的热值与燃料的种类有关系,与燃料的质量和燃烧状况无关2.以下表达中,有的是经过科学证明的事实,有的是各抒己见的观点,其中属于观点的是〔〕A.核能是平安、干净、廉价的能源B.太阳每天向地球辐射大量能量C.能量在转化或转移过程中总量保持不变D. “永动机〞不可能制成3.向酒精灯内添加适量酒精后,燃料的热值与灯内原来的局部相比拟〔〕A.变大B.不变C.变小D.无法确定4.小明家最近开通了天然气,细心的小明发现,如今烧开一锅水比过去他们家用液化气所用的时间少了,你觉得这是由于这两种燃料具有不同的〔〕A.质量B.比热容C.热值D.密度5.关于燃料的热值,以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A.燃料的热值与燃料的燃烧情况有关B.容易燃烧的燃料,热值一定大C.煤的热值比干木柴大,燃烧煤放出的热量一定比燃烧干木柴放出的热量多D.汽油和2kg汽油,它们的热值是一样的6.内燃机安装飞轮的主要作用是〔〕A.使机器美观协调,增加稳定性B.利用飞轮惯性,完成三个辅助冲程C.增加机器重力D.以上都不对7.关于热机效率,以下说法正确的选项是〔〕A.两台热机,做有用功多的那台效率高B.热机的效率总小于1,只因为废气带走了余热C.热机的效率总小于1,说明使用热机的过程能量不守衡D.某热机的效率为35%,说明其用来做有用功的那局部能量占燃料完全燃烧放出的热量的35%8.如下图为四冲程内燃机工作时的示意图,一个工作循环的正确顺序为〔〕A.甲丁乙丙B.甲乙丙丁C.丙乙丁甲D.丙丁乙甲9.冲击钻是一种打孔的工具.工作时,钻头在电动机带动下不断地冲击墙壁打出圆孔〔如下图〕.冲击钻在工作的过程中〔〕A.只有电能和内能的转化B.只有电能和机械能的转化C.有电能、机械能和内能的转化D.没有机械能和内能的转化10.利用如下图的装置,运用控制变量法,通过现察现象即可比拟酒精和碎纸热值的大小,为了完成实验,要求〔〕A.酒精和碎纸的质量一样,两只烧杯内水的质量一样B.酒精和碎纸的质量不同,两只烧杯内水的质量不同C.酒精和碎纸的质量一样,两只烧杯内水的质量不同D.酒精和碎纸的质量不同,两只烧杯内水的质量一样11.如图是四冲程汽油机工作的示意图,其中不是靠惯性完成的是〔〕A. B. C. D.12.单缸四冲程汽油机完成一个工作循环,曲轴转过〔〕A. 720°B. 180°C. 150°D. 90°13.从能量转换的角度看,一台四冲程内燃机在一个循环中,存在着机械能转化为内能过程的是〔〕A.吸气冲程B.压缩冲程C.做功冲程D.排气冲程14.热机工作时,能量的转化过程是〔〕A.内能→化学能→机械能B.化学能→内能→机械能C.化学能→机械能→内能D.内能→机械能→化学能15.如图是内燃机的能流图,那么内燃机的效率可表示为〔〕A.η=E1+E2+E3+E4E ×100%B.η=E2E×100%C.η=E1+E3+E4E ×100%D.η=E1E×100%二、多项选择题(每题至少有两个正确答案)16.〔多项选择〕在四冲程柴油机的做功冲程中,汽缸内气体的〔〕A.内能减小B.质量增大C.压强减小D.温度降低17.〔多项选择〕如图是四冲程汽油机做功冲程的示意图.汽油燃烧产生高温高压的气体推动活塞向下运动.在活塞向下运动的过程中,汽缸内气体的〔〕A.内能减少B.温度降低C.密度增大D.分子热运动加快18.〔多项选择〕进步热机效率的有效途径是〔〕A.防止使用热机B.减少热机的各种热损失,保证良好光滑C.降低热机的功率D.增大受热面积,减小废气带走的内能19.〔多项选择〕以下关于热值的说法中正确的选项是〔〕A.燃料燃烧时,用的燃料越多,获得的热值越大B.燃料燃烧时,放出的热量越多,这种燃料的热值越大C.一样质量的不同燃料完全燃烧时,放出热量较多的燃料,热值较大D.不同的燃料完全燃烧,放出一样热量时,所用质量较少的燃料,热值越大20.〔多项选择〕假如要进步热机的效率,必须〔〕A.用热值大的燃料B.减少各种热损失C.保证良好的光滑D.进步热机的功率三、填空题21.人类生存和开展离不开各种能源,随着世界人口的急剧增加和经济的不断开展,能源的消耗持续增长,而化石能源开发利用后不能再生,假如长期大规模开采,不久的将来会消耗殆尽,所以开发新能源是可持续开展的趋势.我州某地建立大型风力发电场,如下图.请你根据风力发电的特点和所学物理知识提出相关问题并答复.例如:问题:风叶转动是由什么能转化为什么能?答复:风能转化为风叶的机械能.〔1〕问题: ______ ?答复: ______ .〔2〕问题: ______ ?答复: ______ .22.内燃机是用燃料燃烧的内能来做功的.图甲中问号局部的能量是表示______ 热量.如下图的设计是上面水箱里的水冲到叶轮上,带动水泵旋转把下面水箱的水又抽到上面水箱中,从而实现了能量的转化和守恒.这样的设计 ______ 实现〔填“能〞或“不能〞〕.23.如今智能手机的屏幕做的越来越大,同时也带来了需要频繁充电的烦恼.于是,一种叫做“充电宝〞的便携式充电设备应运而生,平时空闲时,可以通过家中的插座将其充满电,这样等到出门在外、手机没电时,就可以用它给手机充电.如图, “充电宝〞正在给一台手机充电,其中主要涉及到能量转化过程为:______能→电能→______能.24.长春是汽车城,汽车的发动机是内燃机的一种.如下图是一个内燃机的能流图,请根据图中的数据计算这个内燃机的效率是 ______ .25.一台四冲程汽油机的转速为3000r/min,那么4s内活塞往复______ 次,曲轴转动______ 周,对外做功 ______ 次,完成 ______ 个冲程.四、实验题26.为比拟酒精和汽油热值的大小,小小制定了以下实验方案:〔1〕取质量一样的酒精和汽油作燃料,制成酒精灯和汽油灯.〔2〕两灯同时点燃后分别给两杯质量和初温都一样的水加热〔烧杯质量也一样〕如下图〔3〕通过观察水温的变化,由此判断两种燃料热值的大小.请根据小小的设计方案答复:①当两灯的燃料完全燃烧完后,甲装置中温度计读数是80①,而乙装置的读数是90①.由此判断______ 的热值比拟大.①实验中燃料燃烧放出的热量,通过 ______ 方式使水的内能增大.①根据Q吸=cm水〔t-t0〕计算出水吸收的热量,然后利用这个热量计算出汽油的热值,发现结果与资料中给出的汽油热值相比______ 〔选填:“偏大〞或“偏小〞〕.结合装置图,分析原因:______ .〔只写出一个即可〕五、简答题27.宇航员操纵着月球车在月球上行驶时,月球车的动力是由蓄电池提供的,月球车为什么不用内燃机来驱动呢?六、计算题28.小明同学用如下图装置测量酒精热值,他在烧杯中参加质量为300g,温度为20①的水,调好装置后,加热使水温升高到70①,整个过程中消耗了6g酒精,假设酒精燃烧放出的热量完全被水吸收,那么:[c水=4.2×103J/〔kg·①〕]〔1〕水需要吸收的热量为多少焦?〔2〕测得酒精热值为多少?〔3〕小明查表得到q酒精=3.0×l07J/kg,发现和测量值偏向较大,你认为其中的原因可能是什么?七、阅读理解题29.阅读下文,答复以下问题:如图展示了一个极具想象力的设想,其大意是:上面水池中的水流下来,冲击叶轮转动;叶轮带动打磨轮和水泵的轴转动;人利用打磨轮打磨工件,同时,运转的水泵又把流到下面水池的水抽到上面的水池中…,只要一开场在上面水池中注满水,就能通过水的上下循环,使机器不停地工作.〔1〕按要求填写表中空白〔2〕这个设想曾得到不少人的赞许,并把这个装置誉为“永动机〞.那么,这个装置真的能“永动〞吗?为什么?答案解析1.【答案】D【解析】1kg某种燃料完全燃烧放出的能量,叫做这种燃料的热值.热值是燃料的一种特性,它只与燃料的种类有关,与燃料的质量、燃烧程度等均无关.故ABC错误,D正确.2.【答案】A【解析】“太阳每天向地球辐射大量能量〞是明显存在的事实,“能量在转化或转移过程中总量保持不变〞和““永动机〞不可能制成〞经过科学证明的事实,而核能存在平安问题和污染问题,这种说法只能是一种观点.3.【答案】B【解析】向酒精灯内添加适量酒精后,酒精的质量增加,但是燃料的热值与质量无关,热值不变.4.【答案】C【解析】烧开一壶水,用天然气比用液化气的时间少了,说明燃料放出一样多的热量时,所用天然气的质量较少,或一样质量的天然气和液化气,完全燃烧时,天然气可以放出更多的热量,说明天然气的热值大.5.【答案】D【解析】1kg某种燃料完全燃烧放出的热量,叫做这种燃料的热值.热值是燃料的一种特性,它只与燃料的种类有关,与燃料的质量、燃烧程度等均无关.A、燃料的热值只与燃料的种类有关,与燃料的燃烧程度无关,故A错;B、热值大小与燃料是否容易燃烧无关,故B错;C、煤的热值比干木柴大,说明1kg的煤完全燃烧放出的热量比1kg干木柴完全燃烧放出的热量多.本选项的说法中不一定完全燃烧,故C错;D、燃料的热值只与燃料的种类有关,与燃料的质量无关,故D正确.6.【答案】B【解析】汽油机的四个冲程:吸气冲程、压缩冲程、做功冲程、排气冲程,做功冲程把内能转化为机械能,对外提供动力.其他三个冲程要靠飞轮的惯性来完成.7.【答案】D【解析】A、热机的效率是指用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧产生的能量之比,做的有用功多,热机效率不一定高,故A错误;BC、热机工作时总是有能量的损失,所以热机效率始终小于1,用来做有用功的那局部能量与气缸散热损失的能量、废气带走的能量、摩擦等机械损耗的能量之和等于燃料燃烧释放的能量,总能量保持不变,故BC错误;D、某热机的效率为35%,说明其用来做有用功的那局部能量占燃料完全燃烧放出的热量的35%,故D正确.8.【答案】A【解析】在内燃机的四个冲程中,进气阀和排气阀均关闭的只有压缩冲程和做功冲程,而在压缩冲程中活塞向上运动,做功冲程中活塞向下运动;一个气阀翻开,另一个气阀关闭的是吸气冲程和排气冲程,而在吸气冲程中活塞向下运动,排气冲程中活塞向上运动.由甲图可知,进气门翻开,活塞下行,所以是吸气冲程,故排除CD;由丙图可知,排气门翻开,活塞上行,是排气冲程,排在四个冲程的后面,所以排除B.9.【答案】C【解析】〔1〕当电流通过电动机时,电流做功,消耗电能转化为机械能和内能;〔2〕钻头冲击墙壁,克制摩擦做功,将机械能转化为内能;由此分析可知,在该过程中存在电能、机械能和内能的转化.10.【答案】A【解析】〔1〕该实验利用控制变量法,应用天平分别测出等质量的酒精和碎纸屑,将其放入装置中的燃烧皿内;〔2〕因燃料的热值不能直接测量,但燃料燃烧放出的热量可以被水吸收,从而使一样质量的水温发生变化;所以可以通过温度计示数的变化〔水升高的温度〕来比拟燃料热值的大小关系;通过以上分析可知,实验中要控制酒精和碎纸的质量一样,两只烧杯内水的质量一样,故A正确.11.【答案】B【解析】汽油机的一个工作循环由四个冲程组成:吸气冲程、压缩冲程、做功冲程、排气冲程.内燃机的四个冲程中有两个冲程发生能量转化,一是压缩冲程中机械能转化为内能,压缩冲程是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的;二是做功冲程中内能转化为机械能.判断出是哪个冲程,再判断能量是怎样转化的.A、图中的气门关闭,活塞上行,所以是压缩冲程,压缩冲程是将机械能转化为内能的过程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程.不符合题意;B、图中的气门关闭,活塞下行,所以是做功冲程,做功冲程是将内能转化为机械能的过程,不是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程.符合题意;C、图中的进气门关闭,排气门翻开,活塞上行,所以是排气冲程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程.不符合题意;D、图中的进气门翻开,排气门关闭,活塞下行,所以是吸气冲程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程.不符合题意.12.【答案】A【解析】汽油机,完成一个工作循环活塞往复2次,曲轴转动2周,所以转动720°.13.【答案】B【解析】在内燃机的四个冲程中,做功冲程是气缸内高温高压的燃气对活塞做功,将内能转化为机械能,压缩冲程是将机械能转化为内能的过程.14.【答案】B【解析】热机工作时需要燃料,即通过燃料燃烧将化学能转化为内能,而后通过内能做功,即将内能转化为机械能.15.【答案】B【解析】由内燃机的能流图可以得到:燃料完全燃烧放出的热量为E,有用机械能即有用功为E2,×100%.所以内燃机的效率可表示为η=E2E16.【答案】ACD【解析】内燃机的做功冲程是将内能转化为机械能,故气体的内能减少、温度降低,做功冲程中活塞向下运动,气缸内气体质量不变,体积变大,故气体的密度减小,压强减小.17.【答案】AB【解析】在内燃机的四个冲程中,进气阀和排气阀均关闭的只有压缩冲程和做功冲程,而在压缩冲程中活塞向上运动,做功冲程中活塞向下运动.如下图,两个气阀关闭,活塞向下运动,是做功冲程,内燃机的做功冲程是将内能转化为机械能,故气体的内能减少、温度降低,分子热运动减慢;气体质量不变,体积变大,故气体分子的密度减少.18.【答案】BD【解析】热机有效利用的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比.要进步热机的效率,就要想方法减少热量的损失.A、不使用热机,并不能进步热机的效率,所以A说法错误;B、减少热机的各种热损失,保证良好的光滑,可以进步有效利用的能量与总能量之比,所以B说法正确.C、降低热机的功率不会影响热机效率,所以C说法错误.D、增大受热面积,减少废气带走的内能,可以减少能量的损失,进步热机的效率,故D说法正确.19.【答案】CD【解析】A、B燃料的热值只与燃料的种类有关,与放出热量的多少、燃料的质量和燃料的燃烧程度无关,故A、B错误C、一样质量的不同燃料完全燃烧时,放出热量越大的燃料,燃料热值越大,故C正确;D、不同的燃料完全燃烧,放出一样热量,所用燃料的质量越少,热值越大,故D正确.20.【答案】BC【解析】热机效率是指用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比,要进步热机的效率,就要进步燃料的利用率,减少热损失,让燃料充分燃烧.A、采取热值高的燃料,其利用率不一定高,所以不一定能进步热机的效率;BC、保证良好的光滑,减小摩擦,可以减少因摩擦损失的能量,所以可以进步热机的效率.D、进步热机的功率,增大热机在单位时间内做的功,其效率不一定进步.不合题意.21.【答案】〔1〕风力发电中的能量转化是怎样的?将风能转化为电能;〔2〕风能属于可再生能源还是不可再生能源?风能是可再生能源〔合理即可〕.【解析】〔1〕问题:风力发电中的能量转化是怎样的?答复:将风能转化为电能;〔2〕问题:风能属于可再生能源还是不可再能能源?答复:风能是可再生能源;〔3〕问题:与化石能源相比,风能有哪些优点?答复:清洁无污染,可重复利用等.22.【答案】高温废气带走的;不能.【解析】内燃机燃料燃烧释放的能量分配:有一小局部是克制机械之间的摩擦消耗的能量,一大局部是高温废气带走的能量,剩余的才是转化为有用机械能的能量.高处水池中水的重力势能,只有局部转化为叶轮的动能;而叶轮的动能局部用来打磨物体及转动局部摩擦做功,不会全部提供应水泵用来提升水.或简答为“用于水泵提升水的能量只是从上面流下的水的动能的一局部〞.由于从上面流到下面水池过程中,由于用来打磨物体消耗能量,故流下来的水不能全部被抽送到上面的水池中.即流下来的水要比抽上去的水多,随着时间的推移,上面水池中的水越来越少,一定时间后便不再有水从上面流下来,所以这个装置不可以“永动〞.23.【答案】化学;化学【解析】“充电宝〞给手机充电的时候,先是将储存的化学能转化为电能,手机再将电能转化为化学能储存在手机中.24.【答案】40%【解析】由图可知,汽油机转变为有用功的能量:W有用=1.2×105J,燃料完全燃烧所释放的能量:W总=3×105J,该汽油机的效率:η=W有用Q总×100%=1.2×105J3×105J×100%=40%.25.【答案】200;200;100;400.【解析】热机完成一个工作循环,要经过4个冲程,燃气对外做功1次,活塞往返2次,飞轮转动2周. 假设飞轮转速是3000r/min=50r/s,表示每秒飞轮转动50圈,故4s转动200圈,飞轮每转动1圈,活塞往复1次,故4s内活塞往复200次;曲轴转动200周;且飞轮每转动1圈,就完成两个冲程,故共做了200×2=400个冲程,每四个冲程做功1次,故做功的次数是:4004=100,故做功100次.26.【答案】①汽油;①热传递;①偏小;烧杯没有加盖,在进展热传递时,有局部内能直接散失了.【解析】①当两灯的燃料完全燃烧完后,甲装置中温度计读数是80①,而乙装置的读数是90①.根据公式Q吸=cm△t得,汽油一样情况下汽油放出的热量较多.根据公式Q放=mq得,q=Qm,所以汽油的热值大于酒精的热值.①热传递,是热从温度高的物体传到温度低的物体,或者从物体的高温局部传到低温局部的过程.所以燃料燃烧放出的热量是通过热传递的方式使水的内能增大的.①由于热量的直接散失、烧杯未加盖等,所以汽油燃烧放出的热量大局部未被水吸收,所以根据Q吸=cm水〔t-t0〕计算出水吸收的热量偏小,从而根据公式q=Q放m=Q吸m计算出的汽油的热值偏小.27.【答案】内燃机工作时需要将燃料在汽缸内燃烧,把燃料的内能转化为月球车的机械能,因为月球上没有空气,在月球上内燃机无法正常工作,所以月球车不用内燃机来驱动.【解析】物质的燃烧需要空气中的氧气,在月球上没有空气,月球车不能用内燃机来驱动.内燃机工作时需要将燃料在汽缸内燃烧,把燃料的内能转化为月球车的机械能,因为月球上没有空气,在月球上内燃机无法正常工作.28.【答案】解:〔1〕水的质量m,水吸收的热量:Q吸=cm水①t=4.2×103J/〔kg•①〕×0.3kg×50①=6.3×104J;〔2〕酒精的质量m酒精,由于酒精燃烧放出的热量与水吸收的热量相等,那么Q放=Q吸=6.3×104J;所以酒精热值:〔3〕与酒精的实际热值q酒精=3.0×107J/kg小得多,原因是:酒精燃烧时不一定完全燃烧,酒精燃烧时释放的热量不能完全被水吸收等.【解析】〔1〕水的质量、水的比热容、水的初温和末温,利用吸热公式Q吸=cm△t求出水吸收的热量;〔2〕知道酒精燃烧放出的热量与水吸收的热量相等,根据Q放=mq求出酒精热值;〔3〕酒精燃烧时不一定完全燃烧和酒精燃烧时释放的热量不能完全被水吸收都会造成酒精完全燃烧释放的热量大于水吸收的热量.29.【答案】〔1〕〔2〕不能;不遵循能量守恒.【解析】〔1〕上面水池中的水流下来,冲击叶轮转动是重力势能转化为动能;人们利用打磨轮打磨工件是机械能转化为内能;〔2〕这个装置不能“永动〞,由于从上面流到下面水池过程中,用来打磨物体消耗能量,故流下来的水不能全部被抽送到上面的水池中.即流下来的水要比抽上去的水多,随着时间的推移,上面水池中的水越来越少,一定时间后便不再有水从上面流下来,所以这个装置不可以“永动〞.。

第十四章 内能的利用 单元测试卷 2021—2022学年人教版物理九年级(含解析)

第十四章    内能的利用   单元测试卷    2021—2022学年人教版物理九年级(含解析)

第十四章内能的利用单元测试卷一、单选题(共15小题)1.人们发现内能可以做功,并制造出各种利用内能做功的机械-热机,下面这些机械中不属于热机的是()A.电动机B.柴油机C.汽油机D.蒸汽机2.某机器工作时的能量流向图如图所示,据此推测该机器可能是()A.热机B.电动机C.电热水器D.发电机3.我们平时在买煤球时,总要问一下这种煤“耐不耐烧”,这里所说的“耐”在物理学上是指煤的()A.内能B.比热容C.热值D.热量4.如图是四冲程汽油机工作的示意图,其中不是靠惯性完成的是()A.B.C.D.5.根据能量守恒定律,下列说法正确的是()A.电水壶烧水电能转化内能,水增加的内能小于电水壶消耗的电能B.给机械钟上发条是为了减少机械钟的能量损失C.热传递过程是双向的,即甲物体向乙物体传热的同时乙物体也向甲物体传热D.出膛的子弹射穿木板,由于摩擦生热会使它以更快的速度继续前进6.下列实例中,属于内能转化成机械能的是()A.太阳能热水器B.用电风扇吹风C.陨石进入大气层成为流星D.暖瓶塞被热气弹开7.大力发展核能是解决能源危机的主要出路之一.下图是核电站工作流程图,关于流程中各装置的能量转化,不正确的是()―→―→―→A.核反应堆:核能转化为内能B.蒸汽轮机:内能转化为机械能C.发电机:电能转化为机械能D.电采暖:电能转化为内能8.1964年人类制成了世界上第一盏用海浪发电的航标灯.它的气室示意图如图所示,其工作原理是利用海浪上下起伏的力量将空气吸入气室,压缩后再推入工作室,然后推动涡轮机带动发电机发电.那么()A.当海水下降时,阀门K1开启,阀门K2关闭B.当海水上升时,阀门K1关闭,阀门K2开启C.航标灯消耗的电能是空气的机械能转化来的D.航标灯消耗的电能是海水的机械能转化来的9.如图是某科技馆的一台“永动机”.由5根轻杆和转轴构成,轻杆的末端装有形状记忆合金制成的叶片,进入热水后因叶片伸展“划水”而转动,离开热水后叶片形状迅速复原.关于该“永动机”的说法正确的是()A.科技发展制造出了永动机B.转动会使水温升得更高C.记忆合金是一种新型化合物D.水的内能转化为转轮的机械能10.以下四幅图中,关于能量转化说法错误的是()A.图甲所示,过山车向下运动时是重力势能转化为动能B.图乙所示,水电站将水的机械能转化为电能C.图丙所示,自行车运动员奋力蹬车时,人体内的一部分化学能转化为动能D.图丁所示,汽车在刹车过程中,刹车片会发热,将内能转化为动能11.甲、乙两汽车,甲的汽油机效率比乙的汽油机效率高,这表明()A.甲做功比乙多B.甲做功比乙快C.甲消耗的汽油比乙少D.以相同的牵引力行驶相同的路程,甲耗油比乙少12.在内燃机的四个冲程中,发生内能和机械能相互转化的是()A.吸气冲程和压缩冲程B.压缩冲程和做功冲程C.做功冲程和排气冲程D.排气冲程和吸气冲程13.下列关于热值说法正确的是()A.燃料燃烧越充分热值越大B. 2 kg的煤完全燃烧比1 kg的煤完全燃烧热值大C. 1 kg煤燃烧放出3×105 J的热量,则煤的热值为3×105 J/kgD.热值是燃料的一种属性与燃料的质量无关,不同的物质热值一般不同14.市场上有一种装有太阳能电风扇的帽子,如图所示,阳光照射太阳能电池板,扇叶快速转动,能在炎热的夏季给人带来一丝凉意.该装置的能量转化情况是()A.机械能→太阳能→电能B.太阳能→机械能→电能C.电能→太阳能→机械能D.太阳能→电能→机械能15.在进行如图所示的实验或有关装置工作时,能量转化情况相同的是( )A.丙和丁B.甲和丙C.甲和乙D.乙和丁二、填空题(共3小题)16.2015年10月河南省濮阳中学食堂锅炉房发生爆炸事故.如图所示,我们用实验室的一些器材简单演示一下爆炸的过程.在试管内装些水,用橡皮塞塞住,加热使水沸腾,会看到塞子被弹出.在塞子被弹出的过程中,水蒸气的内能转化成塞子的_________能.如果塞子塞得过紧,则可能会发生爆炸.17.常用的打火机从打火方式上可分为两种,一种是用一个粗糙的小轮摩擦“火石”打火;一种是能产生高电压的装置打火.从能量转化角度看,前者是把________能转化为内能;后者是把________能转化为内能.18.人类生存和发展离不开各种能源,随着世界人口的急剧增加和经济的不断发展,能源的消耗持续增长,而化石能源开发利用后不能再生,如果长期大规模开采,不久的将来会消耗殆尽,所以开发新能源是可持续发展的趋势.我州某地建立大型风力发电场,如图所示.请你根据风力发电的特点和所学物理知识提出相关问题并回答.示例:问题:风叶转动是由什么能转化为什么能?回答:风能转化为风叶的机械能.(1)问题:________________?回答:________________________________________________________________________(2)问题:________________?回答:________________________________________________________________________(3)问题:________________?回答:________________________________________________________________________三、实验题(共3小题)19.如图所示,甲、乙、丙三图中的装置完全相同,燃料的质量和烧杯内液体的质量也相同.(1)比较不同燃料的热值,则应选________两图进行实验;比较不同物质的比热容,应选择________两图进行实验.(2)有同学猜想物体温度升高吸收热量的多少可能与质量和物质的种类有关.要研究物体温度升高吸收热量的多少与质量的关系,需要选取质量________(选填“相同”或“不同”)的________(选填“同种”或“不同种”)物质进行研究.(3)若要研究物体温度升高吸收热量的多少与物质种类的关系,需要选用质量相同的________(选填“同种”或“不同种”)物质进行研究,这种研究物理问题的方法叫________________________________________.20.如图所示,甲、乙、丙三图中的装置完全相同.燃料的质量都为10g,烧杯内的液体初温相同.(1)比较不同燃料的热值,应选择_______两图进行实验;比较不同物质的比热容,应选择_________两图进行实验;在实验中,三烧杯中a、b液体的质量必须________(选填“相等”或“不同).(2)在比较不同物质的比热容时,记录数据如下表:① 在此实验中,用________来表示两种液体吸收热量的多少.(选填“加热时间”或“升高温度”).① 你认为两种液体中,比热容较大的是液体______.(选填“a”或“b”)21.某实验小组利用如图所示的实验装置粗略测量蜡烛的热值q,图中A为穿有小木棍的容器(内装有水),B为下部开了许多通气孔的罩子.(1)观察实验装置可知,实验小组同学是通过测量___________间接测量蜡烛燃烧放出的热量;(2)要完成本实验,除了图中的实验器材,还必需的测量工具是___________和__________;(3)某次实验测得的数据如下表,则粗略测得这支蜡烛的热值q=___________ J/kg.(4)本实验测出的热值会比真实值更__________,造成这一偏差的原因是_________________________________(写一条即可).四、计算题(共3小题)22.某型号汽车在车型测试中,在一段平直的公路上匀速行驶了6 km,消耗汽油2 kg,汽油的热值q汽油=4.5×107J/kg.假设燃油完全燃烧,汽油机的效率为40%,则该型号汽车在此过程中,受到的阻力是多大?23.用某锅炉把50 kg的水从20 ①加热到100 ①.水的比热容是4.2×103J/(kg·①).试求:(1)水吸收的热量是多少?(2)这些热量相当于完全燃烧多少千克酒精放出的热量?(酒精的热值是3.0×107J/kg)24.小洪同学家原来用液化石油气烧水,每天约用60 ①的热水100 kg.她参加“探究性学习”活动后,在老师指导和同学帮助下,制作了一台简易的太阳能热水器.(1)若这台热水器夏天平均每天可将100 kg的水从20 ①加热到60 ①,这些水吸收的热量为多少?(2)若液化石油气燃烧放出的热量有70%被水吸收,她家改用太阳能热水器后,平均每天可节约液化石油气多少千克?(液化石油气的热值为8.0×107J/kg)(3)请你说出使用太阳能热水器的优点.(至少说出一点)答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】蒸汽机、汽油机、柴油机都是利用热机工作的,工作过程中都是将内能转化为机械能.而电动机是利用电能转化成机械能的.2.【答案】B【解析】如图该机器将一部分电能转化成了机械能,还有一部分电能转化成了内能,A项,热机工作时将内能转化为机械能,故A不符合题意;B项,电动机是将大部分的电能转化为了机械能,还将一少部分电能转化为了内能,故B符合题意;C项,发电机工作时将其它形式的能转化为电能,故C不符合题意;D项,电热水器工作时将电能转化为内能,不产生机械能,故D不符合题意.3.【答案】C【解析】燃料的好坏取决于燃料热值的大小,因此我们平时所说的煤“耐不耐烧”是指煤的热值大小.4.【答案】B【解析】汽油机的一个工作循环由四个冲程组成:吸气冲程、压缩冲程、做功冲程、排气冲程.内燃机的四个冲程中有两个冲程发生能量转化,一是压缩冲程中机械能转化为内能,压缩冲程是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的;二是做功冲程中内能转化为机械能.判断出是哪个冲程,再判断能量是怎样转化的.A项,图中的气门关闭,活塞上行,所以是压缩冲程,压缩冲程是将机械能转化为内能的过程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程;不符合题意;B项,图中的气门关闭,活塞下行,所以是做功冲程,做功冲程是将内能转化为机械能的过程,不是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程;符合题意;C项,图中的进气门关闭,排气门打开,活塞上行,所以是排气冲程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程;不符合题意;D项,图中的进气门打开,排气门关闭,活塞下行,所以是吸气冲程;是依靠飞轮的惯性完成的冲程;不符合题意.5.【答案】A【解析】A项,在电水壶的使用过程中,消耗了电能,而水的温度升高,内能增加,故是电能转化为内能,但有一部分消耗掉并不是全部转化为水的内能,故水增加的内能小于电水壶消耗的电能,正确;B项,卷紧的发条具有弹性势能,带动指针走动,使指针具有了动能.这个过程是弹性势能转化为动能,故错误;C项,热传递的特点是:高温物体放出热量,内能减少,温度降低.低温物体吸收热量,内能增加,温度升高.直到温度相同,故错误;D项,子弹射穿木板的情景,子弹高速运动,说明子弹具有动能,由于摩擦生热会使动能减小,它的速度减慢,故错误.6.【答案】D【解析】A项,太阳能热水器是将太阳能转化为水的内能,A不合题意;B项,用电风扇吹风,是将电能转化为机械能,B不合题意;C项,陨石进入大气层成为流星,是陨石与空气摩擦,将机械能转化为内能,C不合题意;D项,暖瓶塞被热气弹开,是气体膨胀对外做功,将内能转化为机械能,D符合题意.7.【答案】C【解析】A项,核反应堆,核能减少,内能增加,故核能转化为内能;B项,蒸汽轮机工作时,蒸汽冲击叶轮转动,内能转换为机械能;C项,发电机工作时,是机械能转化为电能;D项,电采暖:消耗电能,发出热量温度升高,是电能转化为内能.8.【答案】D【解析】海水下降时,阀门K1关闭,阀门K2开启,将空气吸入气室;海水上升时,阀门K1开启,阀门K2关闭,压缩后将空气推入工作室.整个过程是海水推动活塞做功,将海水的机械能转化成了电能.9.【答案】D【解析】自然界中的能量是守恒,它既不会消灭,也不会创生,但由于能量的转化或转移具有方向性(如水只能从高处流向低处;热量只能从高温物体传向低温物体),所以无法制造“永动机”.由于能量的转化或转移具有方向性,如果不给它提供热水,消耗热能(或者如果热水变成了冷水),它也就不转了,因此永动机违背了能量守恒定律.10.【答案】D【解析】A项,图甲所示,过山车向下运动时高度减小,速度增大,是重力势能转化为动能,故A 正确;B项,图乙所示,水力发电,将机械能转化为电能,故B正确;C项,图丙所示,自行车运动员奋力蹬车时,人体内的一部分化学能转化为动能,故C正确;D项,图丁所示,汽车在刹车过程中,刹车片会发热,将动能转化为内能,故D错误.11.【答案】D【解析】热机的效率是指用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比.效率高说明比值大.汽油机的效率是汽油机用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比.甲的汽油机效率比乙的汽油机效率高,所以消耗相同的油,甲做的功多;做同样多的功,甲消耗的油少.A、B、C没有注意控制变量.D正确.12.【答案】B【解析】内燃机的四个冲程是吸气、压缩、做功、排气冲程,压缩冲程活塞向上运动,压缩气体对气体做功,将机械能转化为内能;做功冲程高温高压燃气推动活塞向下运动,将内能转化为机械能;吸气和排气冲程不发生能量转化.13.【答案】D【解析】A、B项,燃料的热值仅与燃料的种类有关,而与燃料的燃烧程度、质量都无关,故AB 错误;C项,由于不确定燃料是否完全燃烧,故C错误;D项,热值是燃料的一种属性与燃料的质量无关,不同的物质热值一般不同,说法正确.14.【答案】D【解析】帽子上的太阳能电池板将太阳能转化为电能,供小电扇工作.小电扇工作时消耗电能,将电能转化为扇叶的机械能.15.【答案】D【解析】甲是将机械能转化内能;乙为做功冲程,则为内能转化为动能的过程;丙消耗电能转化为内能,为电能转化为内能的过程;丁通过加热使活塞飞出,为内能转化为动能的过程;故能量转化相同的为乙与丁.16.【答案】机械能【解析】做功改变物体内能.对物体做功,物体内能会增加,物体对外做功,物体内能会减小.水蒸气会把软皮塞冲出.水蒸气对塞子做了功,水蒸气的内能转化为软皮塞的机械能,水蒸气内能减少,温度降低.水蒸气发生液化形成小水珠,瓶口出现“白雾”.17.【答案】机械电【解析】小轮摩擦“火石”的过程,消耗了机械能,产生高电压的电火花实际是消耗的是电能,它们都可以转化成内能.从能量转化的角度看,摩擦点火,是将机械能转化为内能;高电压火花点火,是电能转化为内能.18.【答案】(1)风力发电中的能量转化是怎样的?将风能转化为电能;(2)风能属于可再生能源还是不可再生能源?风能是可再生能源(合理即可).【解析】(1)问题:风力发电中的能量转化是怎样的?回答:将风能转化为电能;(2)问题:风能属于可再生能源还是不可再能能源?回答:风能是可再生能源;(3)问题:与化石能源相比,风能有哪些优点?回答:清洁无污染,可重复利用等.19.【答案】(1)甲、乙甲、丙(2)不同,同种(3)不同种,控制变量法.【解析】(1)为了比较热值大小要用不同的燃料,加热同一种液体,让液体的质量相同,通过温度计的示数高低得出吸热多少,进而判断热值大小,应选择甲、乙两图进行实验;为了比较两种液体的比热容,需要燃烧相同的燃料,加热不同的液体,让液体的质量相同,通过温度计的示数高低得出吸热多少,进而判断两种比热容的大小关系,应选择甲、丙两图进行实验.(2)猜想物体温度升高吸收热量的多少可能与质量和物质的种类有关.要研究物体温度升高吸收热量的多少与质量的关系,需要选取质量不同的同种物质进行研究.(3)若要研究物体温度升高吸收热量的多少与物质种类的关系,需要选用质量相同的不同种物质进行研究,这种研究物理问题的方法叫控制变量法.20.【答案】(1)甲乙甲丙相等(2)加热时间b【解析】(1)为了比较热值大小要用不同的燃料,加热同一种液体,让液体的质量相同,通过温度计的示数高低得出吸热多少,进而判断热值大小,应选择甲乙两图进行实验;为了比较两种液体的比热容,需要燃烧相同的燃料,加热不同的液体,让液体的质量相同,通过温度计的示数高低得出吸热多少,进而判断两种比热容的大小关系,应选择甲丙两图进行实验;在实验中,三烧杯中a、b液体的质量必须相等;(2)①不同物质吸热的多少是通过加热时间来反映的;①质量相同的两个物体,升高相同温①度,加热时间越长,吸收的热量越多,则比热容越大,因此b的比热容大.21.【答案】(1)水吸收的热量 (2)天平温度计(3)1.575×107 (4)小蜡烛燃烧产生的热量中,有部分散失于空气中【解析】(1)由实验装置可知,蜡烛燃烧给水加热,通过测量A容器中水升高的温度和水的质量可以间接测量蜡烛燃烧放出的热量;(2)要完成本实验,需要测量水的温度与水和蜡烛的质量,因此还需要温度计与天平;(3)这支蜡烛的热值:q=====1.575×107J/kg.(4)实验过程中蜡烛燃烧放出的热量没有全部被水吸收,因此实验测出的热值比真实值小22.【答案】解:(1)Q放=mq汽油=2 kg×4.5×107J/kg=9×107J,由效率公式η=可得,牵引力做的功:W=ηQ放=40%×9×107J=3.6×107J.(2)由功的公式W=Fs可得,汽车的牵引力:F===6×103N,①汽车做匀速直线运动,①阻力f=F=6.0×103N.答:汽车在此过程中,受到的阻力是6.0×103N.【解析】(1)知道消耗汽油的质量和汽油的热值,利用Q放=mq求汽油完全燃烧放出的热量,再利用效率公式的变形公式W=ηQ放可求出牵引力做的功.(2)知道前进的距离,利用公式W=Fs求出汽车的牵引力.根据汽车做匀速直线运动时,受到的牵引力等于阻力,可求阻力.23.【答案】解:(1)水吸收的热量为:Q吸=cm(t-t0)=4.2×103J/(kg·①)×50 kg×(100 ①-20 ①)=1.68×107J.(2)①Q放=mq,q=3.0×107J/kg,①需要燃烧酒精的质量:m===0.56 kg.答:(1)水吸收的热量是1.68×107J;(2)这些热量相当于完全燃烧0.56千克酒精放出的热量.【解析】(1)知道水的质量、比热容、初温和末温,根据公式Q吸=cm(t-t0)可求出水吸收的热量;(2)根据Q放=mq可求出酒精的质量.24.【答案】解:(1)水吸收的热量:Q吸=cmΔt=4.2×103J/(kg·①)×100 kg×(60 ①-20 ①)=1.68×107J;(2)①Q吸=Q放×70%,①Q放===2.4×107J,又①Q放=m气q气,①m气===0.3 kg.(3)太阳能热水器是将太阳能转化为内能,被水吸收,温度升高,供人使用,对环境无污染.答:(1)水吸收的热量为1.68×107J;(2)平均每天可节约液化石油气0.3千克;(3)对环境无污染.【解析】(1)知道水的质量、水的比热容、水的初温和末温,利用吸热公式Q吸=cmΔt求水吸收的热量;(2)由题知,液化石油气燃烧放出的热量有70%被水吸收,即Q吸=Q放×70%,再利用Q放=mq求需要完全燃烧的液化石油气的质量,即每天节约的液化石油气质量;(3)从环保、节约能源(省钱)、取之不尽等方面列举太阳能热水器的优点.。

人教版九年级化学下册第十一单元 盐、化肥 测试题附答案详解

人教版九年级化学下册第十一单元 盐、化肥 测试题附答案详解

第十一单元盐化肥(考试时间为45分钟,试卷满分为l00分)一、选择题(每小题只有1个选项符合题意,每小题4分,共40分)1.下列各组物质,用水就能鉴别开的是( )。

A.液体:汽油、酒精、糖水 B.气体:氢气、氧气、二氧化碳C.固体:碳酸钠、碳酸钙、食盐D.固体:碳酸氢钠、碳酸钙、硫酸铜2.只用一种试剂就能鉴别氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙、稀硫酸三种溶液,这种试剂是( )。

A.酚酞溶液B.石蕊溶液C.碳酸钠溶液D.二氧化碳3.往盛盐酸的试管里加入镁,完全反应后再往试管里滴入氢氧化钠溶液,有白色沉淀出现,此沉淀物是( )。

A.MgCO3B.MgSO4C.MgCl2D.Mg(OH)24.下列各组物质的溶液,不能发生复分解反应的是( )。

A.HCl和Ca(OH)2B.H2SO4和Na2CO3C.AgNO3和BaCl2D.KCl和CuSO45.下列氮肥中,氮元素的质量分数最大的是( )。

A.NH4Cl B.(NH4)2SO4C.NH4NO3D.CO(NH2)2 6.下列化肥与碱混合后,能闻到氨气气味的是( )。

A.硫酸铵B.硫酸钾C.氯化钠D.硝酸钾7.下列物质的用途,与化学性质无关的是( )。

A.发酵粉用于蒸馒头B.氯化钠用于制取盐酸C.大理石用于建筑材料D.纯碱用于制取苛性钠8.下列物质能够在溶液中共存的是( )。

A.Na2CO3和CaCl2B.HCl和K2CO3C.MgSO4和Ba(OH)2D.NaCl和KNO39.利用食盐、食醋、纯碱等家庭厨房中常用的物质你能完成的实验是( )。

①检验自来水中是否含氯离子;②鉴别食盐和纯碱;③检验鸡蛋壳能否溶于酸;④除去热水瓶中的水垢。

A.①②③④B.①③C.②④D.②③④10.用一种试剂就能把NaCl、NH4Cl、Na2SO4三种溶液区别开,这种试剂是( )。

A.AgNO3溶液B.NaOH溶液C.BaCl2溶液D.Ba(OH)2溶液二、填空题(共27分)11.氢氧化钾是我国古代纺织业常用作漂洗织物的洗涤剂,古人将贝壳(主要成分是碳酸钙)灼烧后的固体与草木灰(主要成分是碳酸钾)在水中相互作用,生成氢氧化钾。

人教版九年级物理第十四章内能的利用测试题-含解析

人教版九年级物理第十四章内能的利用测试题-含解析

第十四章《内能的利用》单元测试题一、单选题(共15小题)1.如图所示是完全燃烧A、B两种燃料的质量与放出的热量的图象,由图象可知,A、B两种燃料的热值大小关系是( )A.qA<qBB.qA=qBC.qA>qBD.无法比较2.能量转化与守恒定律是自然界的基本规律之一,关于下列现象中的能量转化,说法正确的是( )A.发电机工作时,将电能转化为机械能B.给手机电池充电,是将化学能转化为电能C.电动机工作时,消耗的动能大部分转化为内能D.汽油机的做功冲程,主要将内能转化为机械能3.以下四幅图中,关于能量转化说法错误的是( )A.图甲所示,过山车向下运动时是重力势能转化为动能B.图乙所示,水电站将水的机械能转化为电能C.图丙所示,自行车运动员奋力蹬车时,人体内的一部分化学能转化为动能D.图丁所示,汽车在刹车过程中,刹车片会发热,将内能转化为动能4.在汽油机的四个冲程中,都发生能量转化的一组冲程是( )A.吸气冲程和压缩冲程B.压缩冲程和做功冲程C.做功冲程和排气冲程D.排气冲程和吸气冲程5.煤炭是一种重要能源,区别优劣煤最科学的办法是检测煤炭的( )A.比热容B.密度C.热值D.温度6.从本质上来看,内燃机的工作能量来源于( )A.机械能B.热能C.化学能D.化学能和热能7.下列关于能量转化的说法正确的是( )A.跳伞运动员在空中匀速下落过程中是将重力势能转化为动能B.拉弓射箭过程是将动能转化为弹性势能C.给电池充电是将化学能转化为电能D.核电站发电是将核能转化为电能8.四冲程内燃机工作的共同特点错误的是( )A.都有燃料进入汽缸B.将燃料燃烧放出的内能传递给工作物质,使工作物质受热膨胀,对外作功C.都能把燃料燃烧所释放出的内能全部转化为机械能D.一个工作循环中有三个冲程都要靠飞轮的惯性来完成9.生活中能量转化的实例很多.下列描述中,错误的是( )A.摩擦生热是把机械能转化为内能B.摩擦起电是把电能转化为机械能C.电动机带动水泵把水送到高处是把电能转化为机械能D.燃料燃烧放热是把化学能转化为内能10.下列有关能量转化的实例中,说法不正确的是( )A.不计空气阻力和摩擦,滚摆上升的过程中,动能转化为重力势能B.汽油机在做功冲程中,机械能转化为内能C.干电池、蓄电池对外供电时,化学能转化为电能D.植物吸收太阳光进行光合作用时,光能转化为化学能11.两台柴油机,甲的效率是40%,乙的效率是35%,这表明( )A.甲柴油机的功率大于乙柴油机的功率B.甲柴油机的功大于乙柴油机做的功C.在相同的时间里,甲柴油机的耗油量多一些D.在消耗等质量的柴油时,甲做的有用功多一些12.下列有关能量转化的实例中,说法不正确的是( )A.不计空气阻力和摩擦,滚摆上升的过程中,动能转化为重力势能B.汽油机在做功冲程中,机械能转化为内能C.干电池、蓄电池对外供电时,化学能转化为电能D.植物吸收太阳光进行光合作用时,光能转化为化学能13.太阳能是人类优先开发和利用的新能源之一,关于太阳能的利用,下列说法正确的是( )A.图甲中,绿色植物通过光合作用将太阳能转化为化学能B.图乙中,太阳能热水器通过做功方式将太阳能转化为水的内能C.图丙中,太阳能交通信号灯将太阳能直接转化为信号灯的光能D.图丁中,首架环球航行的太阳能飞机将太阳能直接转化为飞机的机械能14.少数不法商贩将煤矸石破碎后掺在优质煤中高价销售,客户为了不上当,最恰当的方法是检测下列物理量的中( )A.热值B.比热容C.温度D.质量15.如图是某地使用的“风光互补”景观照明灯.它“头顶”小风扇,“肩扛”光电池板,“腰挎”照明灯,“脚踩”蓄电池.下列解释合理的是( )A.光电池板是将电能转化为光能B.小风扇利用风力发电,将机械能转化为电能C.照明灯是将内能转化为电能D.蓄电池夜晚放电,将电能转化为化学能二、填空题(共3小题)16.一个成年人参加一次长跑,身体消耗的能量为6.6×106J,这些能量相当于完全燃烧0.55kg的干木柴才能得到.则干木柴的热值为________ J/Kg,如果用掉一半后,干木柴的热值将________.(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”)17.普通白炽灯正常工作时消耗的电能约有10%的转化为光能,其余90%因发热转化为________能.发光二极管(LED)的发光原理是电能直接转化为光能,几乎不发热,从而减小了电能损失,提高了电能转化为________能的效率,成为科技创新的重要领域之一.18.干木柴的热值比焦炭的热值小,表示的意思是:________的干木柴和焦炭,在________时,干木柴比焦炭________.三、实验题(共3小题)19.小明想比较不同燃料的热值.他利用图示完全相同的两套实验装置装了质量相同的酒精和碎纸片分别同时给质量和初温相同的水加热,比较相同时间内水升高的温度.(1)小明实验方案中存在明显问题,请你帮他指出来.(2)小华针对小明方案中存在的问题,对方案的错误部分进行修改.简要写出修改后正确的实验方案.(3)为了正确完成实验,除了图示装置还需要的一个测量器材是________.(4)小华按正确方法进行实验后,发现(a)中温度计最后的示数是(b)中温度计最后示数的2倍,小华就认为酒精的热值是碎纸片的2倍的结论.这个结论是________.(选填“正确的”或“错误的”)20.比较不同燃料的热值实验:(1)为保证实验结论的可靠,小王同学在实验中应保持水的质量、________、以及两个烧杯等都应相同.(2)实验数据记录如下表,根据表中数据,估算出燃料2的热值是________ J/kg.(3)通过实验得到的燃料热值与实际相比是偏________(大/小),出现这样情况的主要原因是________________________________________________________________________.(写出一点) 21.小明同学学习了燃料的热值后,考虑到燃料燃烧放出的热量会被水吸收,而水的比热容已知.(注:燃料完全燃烧放热用Q放=mq计算,某燃料的热值用q表示;其质量用m表示).自己设计一个实验来探究煤油和菜籽油的热值的大小关系.他组装了图所示的装置进行实验,记录结果见下表:(1)为了保证实验结论可靠,小明同学选择了两套相同装置,在实验中还应控制:煤油和菜籽油的________相同;另外,甲乙两烧杯内水的质量要________(选填“相等”或“不相等”).(2)分析得出:煤油和菜籽油两种燃料中,热值较大的是________.(3)小明同学还想利用这种实验方案计算出煤油和菜籽油的热值,那么小明还需要补充的实验仪器是:________.利用此实验方法计算出的热值将比真实值________(偏大或偏小).四、简答题(共3小题)22.宇航员操纵着月球车在月球上行驶时,月球车的动力是由蓄电池提供的,月球车为什么不用内燃机来驱动呢?23.能量守恒定律告诉我们:能量既不会凭空产生,也不会凭空消失,它只能从一种形式转化为另一种形式,或者从一个物体转移到另一个物体,在转移或转化过程中其总量保持不变.生活中也一定有这样的例子,请试举两例.24.小明学习了燃料的热值知识后,自己设计了一个实验来比较煤油和菜子油的热值.他实验时组装了如图的装置,并且每隔1分钟记录了杯中水的温度.(1)为了保证实验结论的可靠,小明在实验时应控制两套装置中相同的物理量有________.(2)小明在实验前用天平测出了烧杯中水的质量及油灯中燃料的质量,并由记录的数据计算出了水吸收的热量,进而算出了煤油和菜子油的热值,你认为他所计算的燃料的热值可靠吗?为什么?(3)小红提出,该实验在取燃料和水时都要注意适量,否则不利于得出实验结论.你认为,小红的“适量”含义为________.五、计算题(共3小题)25.据英国《每日邮报》网站的报道,德国大众汽车公司近日宣布他们研制出了“世界上最省油的汽车”,百公里油耗仅约为1.0升,据悉这辆名为XL1的汽车的动力由一台小型柴油发动机和一个独立的电动马达及电池组提供,采用碳纤维材料的XL1的整车重量仅为380 kg,由于该车的特殊造型和材料,车辆匀速行驶时受到的阻力约为200 N.(柴油的热值为 4.0×107J/kg,密度为0.85×103kg/m3)试求:(1)1.0升柴油完全燃烧时放出的热量;(2)该汽车发动机的效率.26.已知某品牌校车在正常行驶时,汽油完全燃烧释放的能量转化为校车做功的效率是30%(汽油热值q=4.6×107J/kg,汽油密度0.7×103kg/m3).试求:(1)10L汽油完全燃烧释放的热量为多少焦耳?(2)当汽车以最高时速(1080 km/h)在水平地面上匀速行驶时,所受阻力为3000 N,则连续行驶 5min,汽车所做的有用功是多大?这个过程消耗的汽油是多少千克?(保留两位小数)27.某型号汽车在车型测试中,在一段平直的公路上匀速行驶了 6 km,消耗汽油 2 kg,汽油的热值q汽油=4.5×107J/kg.假设燃油完全燃烧,汽油机的效率为40%,则该型号汽车在此过程中,受到的阻力是多大?答案解析1.【答案】C【解析】根据图象可知,燃烧相同质量A、B两种燃料,A放出的热量大于B放出的热量,qA>qB.2.【答案】D【解析】A项,发电机工作时,将机械能转化为电能,故A错误;B项,给手机电池充电,是将电能转化为化学能储存在电池中,故B错误;C项,电动机工作时,消耗的动能大部分转化为机械能,少部分转化为内能,故C错误;D项,汽油机的做功冲程,主要将内能转化为机械能,故D正确. 3.【答案】D【解析】A项,图甲所示,过山车向下运动时高度减小,速度增大,是重力势能转化为动能,故A 正确;B项,图乙所示,水力发电,将机械能转化为电能,故B正确;C项,图丙所示,自行车运动员奋力蹬车时,人体内的一部分化学能转化为动能,故C正确;D项,图丁所示,汽车在刹车过程中,刹车片会发热,将动能转化为内能,故D错误.4.【答案】B【解析】内燃机的四个冲程中吸气和排气冲程不发生能量转化,压缩冲程将机械能转化为内能,做功冲程将内能转化为机械能.5.【答案】C【解析】衡量燃料优劣的方法是比较它们的热值,热值是指某种燃料完全燃烧时放出的热量与质量之比,反映了完全燃烧相同质量的不同种燃料时放出热量的多少,优质的煤炭热值较高.6.【答案】C【解析】内燃机工作时,将燃料的化学能通过燃烧燃烧转化为内能,燃气推动活塞做功,把内能转化为机械能.所以说从本质上来看,内燃机的工作能量来源于燃料的化学能.7.【答案】D【解析】A项,跳伞运动员在空中匀速下落过程中,速度不变,动能不变,因此不是将重力势能转化为动能,故A错误;B项,拉弓射箭的过程是将弹性势能转化为箭的动能,故B错误;C项,给电池充电是将电能转化为化学能,储存在电池中,故C错误;D项,核电站发电是将核能转化为电能,故D正确.8.【答案】C【解析】汽油机和柴油机的异同点:(1)相同点:四个冲相同,能的转化相同;(2)不同点:①吸入的物质不同;②结构不同;③压强不同,效率不同;④点火方式不同.汽油机在吸气冲程中吸入了汽油和空气的混合气体,在压缩冲程中,机械能转化为内能,内能增大,温度升高,汽油机气缸顶端有个火花塞,此时火花塞喷出电火花,点燃汽油.产生高温高压的燃气推动活塞做功.柴油机在吸气冲程中吸入空气,在压缩冲程中,机械能转化为内能,空气的内能增大,温度升高达到柴油的着火点,汽油机气缸顶端有个喷油嘴,此时喷油嘴喷出雾状的柴油,柴油依靠压缩时内能增大,温度升高,达到柴油着火点而燃烧,点燃方式是压燃式.燃烧产生高温高压的燃气推动活塞做功.柴油机的压缩比例更大,温度更高,做功越多,效率越高根据以上分析可以看出,该题中汽油机和柴油机工作的共同特点是:都有燃料进入气缸;都有四个冲程;且将燃料燃烧放出的内能传递给工作物质,使工作物质受热膨胀,对外做功.A项,都有燃料进入汽缸,不合题意;B项,将燃料燃烧放出的内能传递给工作物质,使工作物质受热膨胀,对外作功,不合题意;C项,都能把燃料燃烧所释放出的内能全部转化为机械能,符合题意;D项,一个工作循环中有三个冲程都要靠飞轮的惯性来完成,不合题意.9.【答案】B【解析】A项,摩擦生热是克服摩擦做功,把机械能转化为内能,故A正确;B项,摩擦起电是电子的转移,可以把机械能转化为电能,故B错误;C项,电动机带动水泵把水送到高处是把电能转化为机械能,故C正确;D项,燃料燃烧放热是把自身蕴含的化学能转化为内能,故D正确.10.【答案】B【解析】A项,滚摆在上升的过程中,不计空气阻力和摩擦,机械能守恒,动能转化为重力势能,叙述正确,不符合题意;B项,汽油机在做功冲程中,内能转化为机械能,叙述错误,符合题意;C项,干电池、蓄电池对外供电时,将化学能转化为电能,叙述正确,不符合题意;D项,植物吸收太阳光进行光合作用时,将光能转化为化学能贮存在体内,叙述正确,不符合题意.11.【答案】D【解析】热机的效率是指热机用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比.比值越大,热机的效率越高.A项,功率是表示物体做功快慢的物理量,与热机的效率是完全不同的概念,故A错误;B项,做功的多少与功率和做功时间的长短有关,与效率无关,故B错误;C项,耗油量的多少不仅与工作的时间有关,还与功率有关,与效率没有直接关系,故C错误;D项,热机的效率是指热机用来做有用功的能量与燃料完全燃烧放出的能量之比,因此,在消耗等质量的柴油时,甲的效率高,所以做的有用功多一些,故D正确.12.【答案】B【解析】A项,滚摆在上升的过程中,不计空气阻力和摩擦,机械能守恒,动能转化为重力势能,叙述正确,不符合题意;B项,汽油机在做功冲程中,内能转化为机械能,叙述错误,符合题意;C项,干电池、蓄电池对外供电时,将化学能转化为电能,叙述正确,不符合题意;D项,植物吸收太阳光进行光合作用时,将光能转化为化学能贮存在体内,叙述正确,不符合题意.13.【答案】A【解析】太阳能的利用方式:一是利用太阳能热水器给它里面的水等物质加热,把太阳能转化为内能(光热转化);二是利用光电转换装置,把太阳能转化为电能(光电转化);三是植物光合作用转化化学能(光化转化).A项,绿色植物的光合作用是将光能转化为化学能,储存在植物体内,故A正确;B项,太阳能热水器内的水从太阳吸收热量,内能增加、温度升高,是通过热传递的方式增加水的内能,故B错误;C项,太阳能信号灯先将太阳能先转化为电能,再转化为光能,故C错误;D项,太阳能飞机是先将太阳能转化为电能,再转化为机械能,故D错误.14.【答案】A【解析】热值是燃料的一种特性,是指1 kg某种燃料完全燃烧放出的热量,热值越大的燃料在完全燃烧相同质量的燃料时放出的热量越多,掺假后煤的热值降低,所以可以用热值来区分.而从比热容、质量、温度无法区分.15.【答案】B【解析】A项,这种新能源的路灯,“肩扛”太阳能电池板也可以把太阳能转化为电能,故A说法错误;B项,“头顶”的小风扇可以把风能转化为电能,风能属于机械能的一种,故B说法正确;C项,照明灯工作时,将电能转化为光能,故C说法错误;D项,蓄电池夜晚放电,将化学能转化为电能,而不是将电能转化为化学能,故D说法错误.16.【答案】1.2×107不变【解析】:(1)由Q放=mq可得,q===1.2×107J/kg.(2)热值是燃料的特性,其大小与燃料的质量无关,用掉一半后,干木柴的热值仍为 1.2×107J/kg.17.【答案】内光【解析】因为白炽灯工作时,是将电能转化为光能和内能,因此普通白炽灯正常工作时消耗的电能约有10%的转化为光能,其余90%因发热转化为了内能.发光二极管(LED)的发光原理是电能直接转化为光能,由于发光二极管(LED)几乎不发热,从而减小了电能损失,提高了电能转化为光能的效率,成为科技创新的重要领域之一.18.【答案】等质量;完全燃烧;放出热量少.【解析】燃料的热值只与燃料的种类有关,干木柴的热值比焦炭的热值小,说明等质量的干木柴完全燃烧放出的热量比等质量的焦炭完全燃烧放出的热量少.19.【答案】(1)不应比较相同时间内水升高的温度(2)比较燃料完全燃尽后水升高的温度(3)天平(4)错误【解析】(1)实验应燃烧相等质量的酒精与纸,比较水升高的温度,然后比较酒精与纸的热值大小,而不是用酒精与纸对水加热,比较相同时间内水升高的温度比较酒精与纸的热值大小.(2)由(1)可知,实验时应:比较相同质量的酒精与纸完全燃尽后水升高的温度,根据水升高的温度比较酒精与纸的热值大小.(3)实验需要用天平测酒精、纸、水的质量.(4)用酒精与纸对水加热时,两种燃料释放的热量不可能完全被水吸收,不能根据水升高的温度直接得出酒精的热值是纸的热值的两倍的结论.20.【答案】(1)燃料的质量(2)1.2× 107(3)小燃料燃烧放出的热不能被水全部吸收【解析】(1)为了比较相同质量的酒精和碎纸片燃烧放出热量的多少,必须控制二者的质量相等、烧杯内水的质量相等、两个烧杯相同;(2)相同质量的酒精和碎纸片燃烧放热,酒精燃烧放出的热量可以将水的温度升高20 ℃,碎纸片燃烧放出的热量可以将水的温度升高10 ℃,可见酒精的热值是碎纸片的2倍,所以碎纸片的热值为1.2×107J/kg;(3)因为烧杯、空气也吸收热量,并且燃料不可能完全燃烧,所以测得的热值会偏小.21.【答案】(1)质量相等(2)煤油(3)天平偏小燃烧放出的热会散失到空气中,又或被烧杯等实验装置吸了热,使Q放大于Q吸【解析】(1)因燃料放出的热量与质量有关,必须控制燃料的质量相等,由于水吸收热量后升高的温度受水的质量的影响,所以在实验中应控制水的质量相等.(2)由图表数据可知在相同时间内甲杯中的水温度升高的快,所以煤油的热值较大.(3)实验中,要控制质量相等,所以需要用天平来测量物质的质量;由于燃烧放出的热会散失到空气中,又或被烧杯等实验装置吸了热,使Q放大于Q吸,依此计算出煤油和菜籽油的热值比实际要偏小些.22.【答案】内燃机工作时需要将燃料在汽缸内燃烧,把燃料的内能转化为月球车的机械能,因为月球上没有空气,在月球上内燃机无法正常工作,所以月球车不用内燃机来驱动.【解析】物质的燃烧需要空气中的氧气,在月球上没有空气,月球车不用内燃机来驱动.内燃机工作时需要将燃料在汽缸内燃烧,把燃料的内能转化为月球车的机械能,因为月球上没有空气,在月球上内燃机无法正常工作.23.【答案】利用热水袋放热使人取暖,属于能量的转移太阳能热水器在阳光的照射下转化为热能储存在水中,属于能量的转化【解析】利用热水袋放热使人取暖,属于能量的转移;太阳能热水器在阳光的照射下转化为热能储存在水中,属于能量的转化等.24.【答案】(1)水的质量相同、烧杯相同和水的初温相同(2)不可靠;燃料燃烧产生的热量不能完全被水吸收、存在热损失(3)所用燃料能足够将所用的水加热到所要求的温度,所用的水适合测量温度又不至于升温过慢【解析】(1)为了保证实验的可靠性,需要控制水的质量相同、烧杯相同和水的初温相同;(2)因为燃料燃烧产生的热量不能完全被水吸收、存在热损失,所以直接计算得出的热值比实际值要小,因此这样的计算结果不可靠;(3)该实验在取燃料和水时都要注意适量,其中“适量”含义是:所用燃料能足够将所用的水加热到所要求的温度,所用的水适合测量温度又不至于升温过慢;所用水不宜过多或过少,过多时,加热时间过长,升温慢;过少升温过快,不易测量温度,都对实验不利.25.【答案】解:(1)燃烧柴油的体积V=1.0 L=1.0×10-3m3,由ρ=得,柴油完全燃烧时放出的热量:Q放=mq=ρVq=0.85×103kg/m3×1.0×10-3m3×4.0×107J/kg=3.4×107J;(2)汽车行驶路程s=100 km=1.0×105m,汽车克服阻力所做有用功W有用=Fs=fs=200 N×1.0×105m=2×107J,发动机效率:η=×100%=×100%≈58.8%.答:(1)1.0升柴油完全燃烧时放出的热量为3.4×107 J;(2)该汽车发动机的效率是58.8%.【解析】(1)知道柴油的质量和热值,根据Q=mq求出完全燃烧时所产生的热量;(2)根据W=Fs求出行驶100 km克服摩擦阻力做的功即为有用功,然后利用效率公式求出发动机的效率.26.【答案】解:(1)由ρ=可得,汽油的质量m=ρV=0.7×103kg/m3×10×10-3m3=7 kg,完全燃烧释放的热量Q=mq=7 kg×4.6×107J/kg=3.22×108J;(2)已知v=1080 km/h=30 m/s,t=5 min=300 s,由v=可得,s=vt=30 m/s×300 s=9000 m匀速行驶时,F=f=3000 N,则汽车所做的有用功W有用=Fs=3000 N×9000 m=2.7×107J,已知η=×100%=30%,则Q===9×107J,由Q=mq可得,m==≈1.96 kg.答:(1)10 L汽油完全燃烧释放的热量为3.22×108J;(2)汽车所做的有用功是2.7×107J,这个过程消耗的汽油是1.96千克.【解析】(1)已知汽油的体积,利用密度公式变形可求得其质量,再利用Q=mg可求得完全燃烧释放的热量;(2)由平衡条件求出汽车牵引力,由W=Fs求出汽车做的有用功.27.【答案】解:(1)Q放=mq汽油=2 kg×4.5×107J/kg=9×107J,由效率公式η=可得,牵引力做的功:W=ηQ放=40%×9×107J=3.6×107J.(2)由功的公式W=Fs可得,汽车的牵引力:F===6×103N,∵汽车做匀速直线运动,∴阻力f=F=6.0×103N.答:汽车在此过程中,受到的阻力是6.0×103N.【解析】(1)知道消耗汽油的质量和汽油的热值,利用Q放=mq求汽油完全燃烧放出的热量,再利用效率公式的变形公式W=ηQ放可求出牵引力做的功.(2)知道前进的距离,利用公式W=Fs求出汽车的牵引力.根据汽车做匀速直线运动时,受到的牵引力等于阻力,可求阻力.。

最新人教版九年级下册化学第十一单元测试试卷及答案

最新人教版九年级下册化学第十一单元测试试卷及答案

(4)分析图2,使用硫酸的最佳浓度为____6_6_%__左__右_______。
(5)生产过程无废物排放,符合绿色化学要求,其中可循环利用的物质是
__硫___酸__和__水____。
三、实验与探究题(本题包括2个大题) 18.(2021·临沂中考)硫酸是一种常见的酸,完成下列问题。 (1)实验室浓硫酸稀释的方法是
(2)步骤2:向步骤1的滤液中滴加过量BaCl2溶液,产生白色沉淀,过滤,向滤液中
滴加稀盐酸至溶液呈中性即得NaCl溶液。加稀盐酸除去的物质是_N__a_O_H__。
【初步结论】杂质成分已确定,且已完全除去。 【反思交流】 (3)小东认为Na2SO4还不能确定是否存在,可向步骤2的沉淀中滴加过量稀盐酸,若
观察到___沉__淀__部__分__溶__解______的现象,证明粗盐中确实存在Na2SO4。
(4)小红认为杂质也未完全除去,可按照步骤1和步骤2重新实验,并对调其中两种试
剂的位置就能达到除杂目的,这两种试剂为__A__(填序号)。
A.Na2CO3溶液、BaCl2溶液 B.稀盐酸、BaCl2溶液 C.NaOH溶液、 Na2CO3溶液
8.能在pH=3的溶液中大量共存,且溶液无色透明的一组离子是( D )
A.Ag+、K+、CO32- 、Cl- C.Ba2+、Na+、HCO- 3 、SO42-
B.Fe3+、Ca2+、Cl-、NO- 3 D.Mg2+、Na+、SO24- 、Cl-
9.(2021·苏州一模)下列实验方案设计合理的是( C )
(1)图1中,石墨配酸塔由石墨制成,说明石墨具有的性质是
____石__墨__不__能__和__硫___酸__反__应______。
(2)生产中,稀硫酸与杂质发生反应的化学方程式为

(人教版)初中英语九年级 Unit 11单元测试卷(附答案)03

(人教版)初中英语九年级 Unit 11单元测试卷(附答案)03

Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry. 单元测试一、听力测试(15分)(一)听句子,选择你听到的单词。

(5分)1. A. drive B. drove C. drives2. A. flower B. shower C. power3. A. catch B. coat C. coach4. A. agree B. agreement C. disagreement5. A. disappointed B. disappoint C. appointed(二)听句子,选择与你听到的句子相符的图片。

(5分)A. B. C. D. E.6.________7.________8.________9.________ 10.________(三)听对话,选择正确的答案。

(5分)11. What’s the matter with Peter?A. He’s unhappy.B. He failed the test.C. His teacher can’t help him.12. How does Peter like Chinese?A. It’s easy.B. It’s difficult.C. It’s interesting.13. What subject is Peter good at?A. Math.B. Chinese.C. Science.14. When are they both free?A. Thursday afternoons.B. Saturdays.C. Sundays.15. Where will they study together?A. At school.B. At Ann’s home.C. At Peter’s home.二.单项填空(15分)16. The people in Ya’an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven’t ________ hope.A. picked upB. given upC. looked forD. waited for17. Li Na is ________ famous ________ all the tennis fans in China know her.A. too; toB. enough; toC. as; asD. so; that18. Peter likes pop music, ________ but his father ________ his mother likes it.A. both; andB. not only; but alsoC. neither; norD. either; or19. If our government ________ pay attention to the safety of food, our health ________ in danger.A. isn’t; isB. doesn’t; will beC. won’t; isD. isn’t; will be20. Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. The more ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.A. carefully; fewerB. careful; lessC. careful; fewerD. carefully; less21. What she said made me ________.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed22. —What a heavy rain!—So it is. I prefer ________ rather than ________ on such a rainy day.A.to go out; stay at homeB. to stay a home; go outC. going out; stay at homeD. staying at home; go out23. Seeing their teacher ________ into the classroom, they stopped ________ at once.A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speakC. enter; to tellD. walking; talking24. —Are you a soccer player in your school?—Yes, I ________ the team two years ago. I ________ in the team for two years.A. have joined; have beenB. was joined; amC. joined; wasD. joined; have been25. —Which do you prefer, Chinese food or Western food?—I would rather ________ Chinese food. Let’s have noodles.A. to haveB. havingC. hadD. have三、完形填空(15分)The most positive(乐观的)person I have ever seen is my dad! He is so positive that I do not 26 hearing a single word from him which is related(相关的)to hopelessness!Unlike most mums and dads, my dad never says things that make me feel 27 . He is always there to give me encouragement and help. 28 I do wrong things, he always tells me what’s right in a positive way. For example, if I am in 29 , he often tells me to open the books he bought me, Then he asks me to read the 30 that can help me with the problems I’m facing. After that, we have a 31 together.Even though I’m not always a good kid.my dad 32 shouts or gets angry with me. I know that he’s 33 a day--a day when I grow up and understand things in my life.I can see the reason that he is so positive is because he believes in 34 . And he believes that whatever35 , it is under control. So we have nothing to worry about. Be positive!26. A. mind. B. keep C. like. D. remember27. A. good B. bad C. rich D. poor28. A. When B. Until C. Before D. Since29. A. fear B. trouble C. surprise D. danger30. A. titles B. orders C. stories D. questions31. A. discussion B. practice C. meeting D. review32. A. usually B. ever C. sometimes D. never33. A. looking for B. worrying about C. waiting for D. thinking about34. A. itself B. myself C. himself D. yourself35. A. moves B. happens C. appears D. develops四、阅读理解(20分)AIt is a very usual thing for a person to have a good friend. My good friend is Diana. She is a rich and proud(骄傲的)girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone.One day after school, I was waiting for Diana when Vivien came up to me. She gave me a cake, and I got it. We talked and joked. From then on, I began to spend more time with Vivien than Diana. However, I also began to feel a little uneasy.After a few days, I went to see Diana with some snacks and at that time Vivien came and sat with me. She gave me a sandwich. She also gave one to Diana, but Diana didn’t get it. She walked away. I was angry with Diana for herbeing so rude.“Never mind,” Vivien said, “I’m used to(习惯)it.”After school, I tried to catch up with Diana. When we walked home. I tried to correct her attitude(态度), but she would not listen to me. She said, “Go and join your ‘dear’ Vivien, I know you make new friends and forget the old ones.”For the next few weeks, we did not talk to each other. Then, one day, Diana came to Vivien and me, saying, “I’m really sorry about what I did. I’m a spoiled(宠坏的)girl, but I also need good friends just like you. Would you please forgive(原谅)me?” Vivien and I looked at each other and smiled, From then on, we are best friends.36. The underlined word “uneasy” means ________.A.不容易的B.忐忑不安的C.不简单的D.想不开的37. The writer was angry with Diana ________.A. because she was too good for anyoneB. when Diana didn’t get Vivien’s sandwichC. though she asked the writer to forgive herD. so Diana walked away38. Vivien’s saying “I’m used to it.” shows that ________.A. someone didn’t want to give her thingsB. Vivien wasn’t often rude to othersC. she liked to be politeD. some people were rude to her before39. Diana asked Vivien and the writer to forgive her because ________.A. they didn’t spend much time with herB. she knew she was wrongC. Vivien and the writer didn’t talk to herD. she was a rich and proud girl40. From the passage, we can know that ________.A. Diana and the writer were good friendsB. Diana didn’t like sandwichesC. Diana didn’t need good friends at allD. the writer forgot her old friendsBTwo children stood outside the door with old coats. “Any old papers, lady?” asked one of them.I was busy. I wanted to say no, but I saw that their shoes had holes in them and they were wet. “Come in and I’ll make you a cup of hot tea.” They came in, saying nothing. Their shoes left prints on the floor.I gave them ten and bread to protect(保护)them from the cold outside. Then I went back to the kitchen and started my housework again.The silence in the living room surprised me, I looked in.The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it. The boy asked me in a low voice. “Lady, are you rich?”Am I rich? Oh, no! I looked at the old things in my room.The girl put her cup back in its saucer(茶碟)carefully and said, “Your cups match(相配)your saucers.”Then they left, holding their papers against the wind. They hadn’t said thank you. They didn’t need to. They had done more than that. They had reminded me that I had so much to thank for. The blue cups and saucers were simple,but they matched. The potatoes and meat before me, a roof over my head, my husband with a job-these things matched, too.I moved the chairs back from the fire and cleaned the living room. The prints of their small shoes were still wet on my floor. I let them be. I wanted them there to remind me how rich I was.41. The writer let the two children in to ________.A. serve them tea and foodB. sell them some old papersC. show them how rich she was.D. offer them some warm clothes42. Why did the children think the writer was rich?A. They liked the saucer.B. The room was quite large.C. The cups matched the saucers.D. She was kind and ready to give.43. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. the writer felt everything matchedB. the writer’s husband was out of workC. the children talked happily in the living roomD. the children thanked a lot before leaving44. The underlined sentence “I let them be.” means “________”A. I loved them.B. I left them there.C. I didn’t like them.D. I didn’t want to see them again.45. According to the passage, whether you are rich depends on ________.A. what job you are doingB. what you haveC. how much money you haveD. how you feel about your life五、补全对话(5分)根据对话内容,从方框中选择适当的句子填入空白处,使对话完整。

九年级英语全册Unit 14 单元测试卷-人教版(含答案)

九年级英语全册Unit 14 单元测试卷-人教版(含答案)

九年级英语全册Unit 14 单元测试卷-人教版(含答案)A类基础性练习一、请听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话读两遍。

( )1. What will Kate do next?A. Make a call.B. Send a card.C. Go shopping.( )2. What was the girl looking for when they first met?A. Her pencil box.B. Her library card.C. Her ID card.( )3. How many clubs does Bill’s school have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.( )4.How often did the man make a survey when he was a high school student?A.Once a week.B.Once a month.C.Once a term.( )5.What does the man mean?A.He isn’t interested in swimming at weekends.B.The woman shouldn’t go swimming at weekends.C.The woman should go swimming with her friends at weekends.二、请听下面4段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

请听第1段对话,回答第6至第7小题。

( )6. Who is Lily’s new friend?A. Emma.B. Janet.C. Nancy.( )7. What does Lily’s new friend always wear?A. A white dress.B. A red dress.C. Red shoes.请听第2段对话,回答第8至第9小题。

2023年春学期人教版九年级英语全册复习第11单元测试卷附答案

2023年春学期人教版九年级英语全册复习第11单元测试卷附答案

2023年春学期九年级英语全册复习第11单元测试卷本试题分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

第Ⅰ卷共4页,满分为70分;第II卷共2页,满分为50分。

本试题共6页,满分120分,考试时间为90分钟。

第I卷(选择题共70分)一.选择填空从每题A、B、C、D四个选择中,选出一个最佳答案。

(30分)()1.The books must_________to the library on time.A.takeB.give backC.be returnedD.be returned back.()2.I can’t remember___________.A.who did I give the bookB.who I gave the bookC.who did I give the book toD.who I gave the book to()3.Each girl likes to________for a party.A.wearB.put onC.dress upD.be on()4.They spent many happy hours__________through the History Museum。

A.to walk B.walking C.walk D.walked()5.—I want to buy some fruits.Are they_______?—Sure,they were carried here this morning.A.colorfulB.freshC.saltyD.sweet()6.As a student,everyone should________the homework every day.A.hand inB.hand outC.get overD.cut up()7.Her parents were worried that she________too much time chatting on line.A.spentB.tookC.costD.paid()8.He prefers__________outside to________at homeA.being,stayB.being,stayingC.be,stay D to be,staying()9.I’m sorry_______you but I have some problems practicing singing.A.to troubleB.troublingC.to dreamD.dreaming of()10.Lots of supermarkets are________people because of H1N1.A.crowded inB.crowded withC.uncrowded inD.uncrowded with()11.—Can you________me50dollars?—I have run out of the money.A.borrowB.takeC.lendD.bring()12.I want to buy some medicine for my son.So I wonder which is the way to the_______A.shopB.drugstoreC.restroomD.department()13.This problem is so difficult.Can you show me_______?A.how can I work it outB.how to work it outC.how to work out itD.how to work out()14.Before2003,there was no direct airline______Taiwan and the mainland.A.alongB.inC.betweenD.at()15.Kevin,can I borrow your pen please?I just can’t find______.A.itB.thatC.mineD.myself()16.Tell her not to spend______time playing computer games.A.too muchB.too manyC.much tooD.so many()17.There are______floors in the building and Mrs Li lives on the______floor.A.twelve;twelveB.twelfth;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelfth ()18.—Do you like Jane’s new dress?—Yes,very much.I’ll ask Mum to buy________for me.A.thatB.itC.oneD.any()19.1.He could________neither French nor German.So I_______with him in English.A.speak,talkedB.talk,toldC.say,spokeD.tell,talked()20.—Why do you like to________in the malls?—Because they give customers good bargains all the time.A.keep outB.put outC.hang outD.take out()21.The World Expo site(世博会现场)will be a good place_______.A.visitingB.to visitC.visitedD.to visiting()22.Both your brother and your sister________listening to music.A.areB.isC.amD.be()23.—Why not______a kite with me this afternoon?—I prefer______computer games at home.A.fly;playB.flying;playingC.flying;playD.fly;playing ()24.—Do you know______we’ll get there at3:00this afternoon?—I’m afraid we’ll be late.A.thatB.howC.whyD.if()25.—Could you tell me______it takes to go from here to Beijing by air?—About50minutes.A.how manyB.how muchC.how longD.how so()26.—Could you please tell me______?—It’s next to the post office.A.where is the supermarketB.where the supermarket isC.where was the supermarketD.where the supermarket was()27.—Lin Tao,could you______me this book please?—Sorry,but I______it for only half an hour.I haven’t finished it.A.borrow;have hadB.borrow;have boughtC.lend;have hadD.lend;have bought()28.He asked me if there was______in today’s newspaper.A.anything interestingB.interesting anythingC.something interestingD.interesting something()29.We couldn’t eat in the restaurant because_____of us had______money on us.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.no one;any()30.—Mary is ill.She said that she_____go to the museum if she_____better tomorrow.—I’m sorry to hear that.I hope she will be better soon.A.would;wasn’tB.wouldn’t;wasn’tC.wouldn’t;won’tD.won’t;is二.完形填空阅读短文,从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

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新人教版九年级第11-14单元测试题附答案Test for Units 11~14(时间:100分钟,满分:100分)Ⅰ. 单项选择。

(每小题1分,共15分)( )1. —Dad,smoking is harmful ________ your health. Please give it up.—OK,my son. I will try.A. withB. forC. inD. to( )2. Mum,this is ________ friend.________ name is Emma.A. your;MyB. my;HerC. you;HisD. she;Your( )3. —Linda,can you sing for the school concert?—Sorry,I can't.________ I can play the piano.A. AndB. OrC. ButD. So( )4. She felt ________ about making such a stupid mistake.A. embarrassedB. embarrassingC. excitedD. exciting( )5. ________ the environment,they have done many things in the past two years.A. To protectB. ProtectC. ProtectingD. Protected( )6. How much does the train ticket________ from Shanghai to Beijing?A. costB. takeC. spendD. pay( )7. —Do you know if Qian Xuesen is ________ now?—Yes. It's a pity that he has been dead for over six years.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. lively( )8. You used to wear glasses,________?A. didn't youB. don't youC. did youD. do you( )9. The pet dog ________ when I am away on vacation,Nancy.A. must be looked after wellB. must look after wellC. must be looking after wellD. must have looked after well( )10. —We had to ________ our travel plans because of the bad weather.—Bad luck.A. disappearB. continueC. examineD. cancel( )11. Be sure to let Jason know the notice as soon as he ________.A. will arriveB. is arrivingC. arrivesD. arrived( )12. The king ________ some ministers to discuss an important thing.A. set outB. called inC. brought backD. left out( )13. It ________ be John's. It's too big for him.A. couldB. mightC. mustn'tD. can't( )14. John wanted to know________.A. when the meeting would beginB. when would the meeting beginC. when will the meeting beginD. when the meeting will begin( )15. —Do you mind if I sit here?—________.It is for Miss Wang.A. Not at allB. Never mindC. Better notD. Of course notⅡ. 完形填空。

(每小题1分,共10分)Mario was always talking about how many friends he had at school,and how he keptvery good 16 with them.One day,his grandfather gave him a special chair to 17 whether his schoolmates were real friends or not. The chair couldn't be seen by people. His grandfather told him,“If you take it to school and you manage to sit on it,you'll know 18 your true friends are.”The next day,Mario took the 19 to school. At break time he asked his friends to form (组成)a circle,and he 20 himself in the middle,with his chair.“First of all,nobody move. Then you will see something 21 ,”Mario said. And Mario tried to sit on the chair. But he 22 and fell on the floor. Everyone laughed. He tried to sit on the magic chair 23 a hurry,and he kept falling on the ground. He tried once again and didn't fall. Looking around,Mario saw George,Lucas,and Diana—three of his best friends—holding him up,24 he wouldn't fall. At the same time,others did25 but make fun of him,enjoying each fall.After that,he knew who his true friends were.( )16. A. secret B. friendship C .method D. treasure( )17. A. test B. compare C. remember D. forgive( )18. A. what B. which C. who D. where( )19. A. book B. chair C. present D. pen( )20. A. put B. changed C. drew D. described( )21. A. stupid B. surprising C. boring D. terrible( )22. A. stood B. held C. lay D. missed( )23. A. for B. at C. in D. with( )24. A. so B. but C. and D. though( )25. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anythingⅢ. 阅读理解。

(每小题2分,共30分)AMount Huang is in the south of Anhui Province. It was not called Mount Huang until 747 AD,and was given that name because of an old story about Huang Di. He was the ancestor(祖先) of the Chinese people,and made magic immortality pills(药丸) there. It was thought that after taking the magic pills,people would live forever.There are five famous Chinese mountains. We call them the Wuyue. They are Mount Tai(Shandong Province),Mount Hua(Shanxi Province),Mount Heng(Shanxi Province),Mount Song(Henan Province) and Mount Heng(Hunan Province).Though Mount Huang isn't one of the Wuyue,it is very famous as well. It's said that you won't want to visit any other mountain after seeing the Wuyue,but that you won't want to see even the Wuyue after returning from Mount Huang. These words should give you some ideas of the beauty of Mount Huang.There are many places for people to watch the sunrise on Mount Huang. The best times are 5:30-6:00(spring),4:40-5:10(summer),4:50-5:20(fall) and 5:30-6:00(winter).When you visit Mount Huang,it's best if you get a chance to see the seas of clouds. September to May is the best season,but you're welcome to visit Mount Huang at any time!( )26. Why did people call the mountain Mount Huang in 747 AD?A. Because it was one of China's most famous mountains.B. Because it is in the south of Anhui Province.C. Because it didn't have a name before 747 AD.D. Because of an old story about Huang Di.( )27. The underlined word “immortality”in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. 病人B. 皇帝C. 永生D. 长眠( )28. Why does the writer mention the Wuyue?A. Because Mount Huang is not as famous as the Wuyue.B. Because the Wuyue are not worth visiting.C. Because the Wuyue are the highest mountains in China.D. Because Mount Huang is even more beautiful than the famous Wuyue.( )29. If Tracy wants to see the sunrise in winter,when should she reach the top of Mount Huang?A. 5:30-6:00.B. Before 4:00.C. After 6:00.D. 6:30-7:30.( )30. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Mount Huang is in the south of Anhui Province.B. Huang Di named the mountain Mount Huang.C. Mount Song isn't in Hunan Province.D. The writer thinks Mount Huang is very beautiful.BEven if you shop with plastic bags,always remember to recycle them. Most families don't realize the importance of eco-friendly living—especially children. So how can you help children start seeing green?Well,here are a few suggestions.1. Don't buy toys—borrow instead. If kids are concerned,most toys start to lose their shine (光彩).Don't let the unloved toys gather dust around the house—instead,join a local toy library,give them to the library. And if you do buy new toys,try to buy toys made from wood and other eco-friendly materials.2. Spend time outside. Make sure your child spends time learning to be outside. Let him / her get involved in nature by planting a tree,building a birdhouse,or taking a bike ride in a nearby park.3. Teach green. Even if your child doesn't receive an environmental education in the classroom,there's no reason that you can't spread the word at home. Let your kid help out with separating your recyclables.4. Stick with eco-friendly entertainment. Most kids may not seem like interested in the subject on the environment,but put it in a TV show and they'll change their minds. Give them a taste of the online cartoon show,and you'll finally find the children learn it happily and relaxingly.( )31. The phrase “help children start seeing green” can be replaced by “________”.A. help children see the green colorB. tell children they should like greenC. help children understand the importance of eco-friendly livingD. teach children how to recycle rubbish( )32. How many suggestions does the writer mention in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.( )33. The Chinese meaning of the underlined word “recyclables” is “________”.A. 可回收利用物B. 再生能源C. 化学药剂D. 电缆线( )34. According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A. We can buy toys made from wood.B. Parents shouldn't teach children environmental subject at home.C. Most kids don't like to learn subjects on the environment.D. Parents should teach their children to build a birdhouse.( )35. The writer doesn't think that ________.A. parents should buy lots of toys for their childrenB. parents should give unloved toys to the libraryC. parents can teach children environmental subjects on TVD. parents should spend time in nature with their childrenCWill the Internet be used instead of libraries?Well,the obvious(明显的) answer to this question-at least,it's obvious to me-is no!But there are many people who don't think so. They suggest closing libraries,since “you can find everything on the Internet”. In fact,they are wrong. One can't find everything on the Internet!While the Internet makes search(搜索) easy,and it is probably the best resource(资源) for many health and science topics,we really need books. We can only be sure that the information we find on the Internet is true by reading books.Libraries offer more services than just the basic information one can find through Google. For example,a school library can provide services and different resources for all students of the school. Students have different learning ways. School libraries can deal with all of these differences.One of the great school librarian writers,Doug Johnson,recently wrote an article about this topic. I recommend(推荐) reading it to understand this topic from different angles(角度).I especially like his last paragraph:Don't take away either my electronic resources or my books. Both are needed to provide students with useful information. And keep in mind that a great library is not just a collection of materials-print or electronic. It is an important mixture of resources,courses and activities. It can help students not only have information,but also the necessary skills to put thatⅣ.词汇运用。

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