高考英语一轮复习《动词的语态》常考题解析
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高考英语一轮复习15:动词的语态
一、单选题
1.It is requested that a lecture ________ on this subject.
A.should be given B.should give
C.should be giving D.gives
【分析】句意:有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。
request表示“要求”时引导的that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为should + 动词原形,其中should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。
故选B。
2.It's not your fault, and you could ___________ for missing the train.
A.forgive B.have forgiven C.forgave D.be forgiven
【分析】不是你的错,你没赶上火车也情有可原。
主语you和动词forgive之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,情态动词could后接动词原形,应用be forgiven。
故选D。
3.No permission has ___ for anybody to enter the building.
A.been given B.given C.to give D.be giving
【分析】没有人允许任何人进入大楼。
此处是谓语动词,与主语no permission 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合空前的助动词has,可知应用现在完成时的被动语态,故选A。
4.—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the rooms ___.
A.are being painted B.are painting
C.are painted D.are been painted
【分析】——你搬进新房子了吗?——还没有,房间正在粉刷中。
此处是谓语动词,与主语the rooms 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境应用现在进行时,故选A。
5.I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given
【分析】我有十分钟的时间来决定我是否应该拒绝这个提议。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意可知与主语I 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故选B。
6.The girl used to be a quick learner but now she ________ with heavy schoolwork.
A.is burdened B.was burdened C.burdens D.burdened
【分析】这个女孩过去学得很快,但现在她背负着繁重的功课。
be burdened with,固定短语,“负担”,根据时间状语now,可知用一般现在时,故填is burdened。
7.Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A.were displaying B.are displaying
C.were being displayed D.are being displayed
【分析】目前,大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里,要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。
根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知,应该用现在进行时;display与主语works之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动。
故选D。
8.The number of people in the world ______about 6 billion, and thus large quantities of waste ______each year.
A.totals; has been produced B.total; is produced
C.totals; are produced D.total; are being produced
【分析】世界人口总数约60亿,因此每年产生大量垃圾。
第一空是谓语动词,句子是一般现在时,the number of,表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故第一空填totals;根据第二空后的each year可知,后一个分句应用一般现在时,且主语waste和动词produce 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语由large quantities of修饰,故be动词用are。
故选C。
9.—You're so excited. What's up?
—I ____as a volunteer in the coming Winter Olympic Games.
A.had been accepted B.have been accepted
C.had accepted D.have accepted
【分析】——你很兴奋。
有什么事吗?——我已经被接受为即将到来的冬季奥运会的志愿者。
表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,应用现在完成时,且主语I与谓语动词accept构成被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
故选B。
10.—Your job open for your return.
—Thanks.
A.will be kept B.will keep C.had kept D.had been kept
【分析】——你的工作将保留到你归来的时候。
——谢谢。
根据下文for your return可推知,句子用将来时态,主语与谓语动词是被动关系,应用—般将来时的被动语态。
故选A。
11.—Why do you look so worried?
—My Macbook Pro broke down and my paper _____unfinished since.
A.was left B.has left C.left D.has been left
【分析】——为什么你看起来如此担心?——我的笔记本电脑坏了,论文也没有完成。
此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,my paper和leave是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,故选D。
12.The news of the earthquake when a large quantity of relief supplies ______ to the disaster-stricken area.
A.has hardly been spread; was delivered
B.was hardly spread; were delivered
C.had hardly spread; were delivered
D.had hardly spread; was delivered
【分析】地震的消息一传开,大量的救灾物资被运送到灾区。
第一空,为固定句式hardly…when…
表示“一……就……”,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;第二空,从句应用一般过去时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动语态,主语是a large quantity of relief supplies,后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
故选D。
13.The police ____to the spot ____order immediately.
A.was sent; to keep B.were sent; keeping
C.was sent; keeping D.were sent; to keep
【分析】警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。
结合句意,主语the police和谓语动词send之间是被动关系,需要用被动语态,the police是复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。
结合句意,警察是被派往去维持秩序的,所以维持秩序是目的,用不定式表示目的。
故选D。
注意分析句子成分,分析主语和谓语动词的关系,并识记sent sb to do sth的意思和用法。
14.—What is that noise?
— Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A.is being tested B.was tested
C.will be tested D.has been tested
【分析】——那是什么声音?——哦,我忘了告诉你了。
新机器正在测试中。
此处表示正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,主语The new machine和test为被动关系,现在进行时被动语态的基本构成形式是:am/is/are being done。
故选A。
要求学生在语境中正确运用现在进行时的被动语态。
15.—Have the workers got our roof repaired?
—I don't know. But it____ when I called them yesterday.
A.was repairing B.was repaired
C.had repaired D.was being repaired
【分析】——工人们把我们的屋顶修好了吗?——我不知道,我昨天给他们打电话的时候他们正在修屋顶。
根据后文的when I called them yesterday,此处指的是过去的时间,结合句意,此处表示当过去某件事情发生时,另一件事情正在进行,需要用过去进行时态。
主语it和谓语动词repair之间是被动关系,所以用过去进行时的被动语态。
故选D。
注意根据语境运用过去进行时的被动语态及其结构,分辨过去进行时的被动语态和其他时态的区
二、语法填空
16.Visitors to Beijing are usually (strike) by the great number of trees in the city.
【分析】来北京的游客通常会被城市中大量的树木所震撼。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意和助动词are,可知应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填struck 。
17.This magazine (update) every August so it is popular with people.
【分析】这本杂志每年八月更新一次,深受人们的喜爱。
此处是谓语动词,与主语this magazine 是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合时间状语every August,应用一般现在时,故填is updated 。
18.—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry, but it (take) already.
【分析】——我们想坐在靠近窗户的桌子旁。
——对不起,它已经被占了。
此处是谓语动词,与主语it是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境以及副词already ,可知应用现在完成时,故填has been taken 。
19.It's said that the cinema (close) for repairs for months.
【分析】据说电影院已经关闭了几个月进行维修。
此处是主语从句的谓语动词,与主语the cinema 是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境应用现在完成时,故填has been closed 。
20.Homeless people (define) by sociologists as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night.
【分析】社会学家将无家可归者定义为在任何一个晚上都没有固定住所的人。
此处是谓语动词,与主语homeless people 是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境应用一般现在时,故填are defined。
21.Great changes (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories
【分析】我的家乡发生了很大的变化,你可以看到已经建立了很多工厂。
第一空是谓语动词,结合语境,应用现在完成时,故填have taken ;第二空是宾语从句的谓语动词,与主语 a lot of factories 是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境应用现在完成时,故填have been set 。
故答案为:have taken;have been set。
22.I was hiking with my friends in a wildlife park when Lucy(bite) by a snake.
【分析】我和朋友们在野生动物园徒步旅行时,露西被蛇咬了。
此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词,与主语Lucy与bite是被动关系, 应用被动语态。
结合主句时态可知用一般过去时,故填was bitten。
23.It is reported that at present the lunar soil (study) by Chinese scientists.
【分析】据报道,中国科学家现在正在研究月球土壤。
此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语at present,可知此处应用现在进行时,且lunar soil和study之间是被动关系,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,故填is being studied 。
24.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth (wash) away each year.
【分析】由于更多森林被毁坏,每年都有大量的优质土壤被冲走。
huge quantities of good earth作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,主语与wash away是被动关系,应用被动语态;根据句意可知,此处表示动作一直在进行,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,故填are being washed 。
25.As I see, theory (translate) into practice at an ever increasing rate.
【分析】据我看,理论正在以前所未有的增速转变为实践。
根据句意可知此处应用现在进行时,且主语theory和translate之间是被动关系,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,故填is being translated。
26.This fighting technique was based on animal movements and it (create) in the middle of the 1600s.
【分析】这种格斗技巧是基于动物的动作,产生于17世纪中期。
此处是谓语动词,与主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合This fighting technique was based on animal movements 的时态,可知应用一般过去时,故填was created 。
27.She's (want) immediately in the director's office.
【分析】她被立即请到主任办公室。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意和空前的助动词is,可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填wanted 。
28.They were (suspect) terrorists.
【分析】他们被怀疑是恐怖分子。
此处是谓语动词根据句意和空前的助动词were,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填suspected 。
29.The stage was (light) by bright spotlights.
【分析】舞台被明亮的聚光灯照亮。
根据句意和空前的助动词was,可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填lit。
30.Her novels are (anchor) in everyday experience.
【分析】她的小说以日常经验为基础。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意和空前的助动词are,可知应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填anchored 。
31.He was always (guidance) by his religious beliefs.
【分析】他总是以他的宗教信仰为指导。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意和空前的助动词was,可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填guided 。
32.Predators (食肉动物)(observe) to avoid attacking brightly colored species.
【分析】据观察发现,捕食性动物会避免袭击色彩鲜艳的物种。
此处是谓语动词,predators是主语,为复数;此空为谓语动词,predators与observe之间为被动关系,且此处是结果,表示已经完成,用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been observed。
33.After she(bite) by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
【分析】被蚊子叮咬后,她在皮肤上涂了一些药。
此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词,与主语she是被动关系,应用被动语态,且发生在主句谓语动词applied 之前,应用过去完成时,故填had been bitten 。
34.Burns (divide) into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
【分析】根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤分为三种类型。
此处是谓语动词,与主语burns之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,陈述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,故填are divided 。
35.Seeing the scenery from the top of the mountain, I (fascinate) by the autumn colours.
【分析】从山顶看风景,我被秋天的色彩迷住了。
此处是谓语动词,fascinate 与主语I 是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合语境应用一般过去时,故填was fascinated 。
36.Everything else seems a bit unimportant when compared to the effects autonomous cars
(predict)to have on road safety.
【分析】与预计自动驾驶汽车对道路安全的影响相比,其他一切似乎都不重要。
此处是谓语动词,与主语cars之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合Everything else seems a bit unimportant 的时态可知,应用一般现在时,故填are predicted 。
37.The public demanded that a stricter law on gun ownership (make)to reduce the rate of gun killing in the state.
【分析】公众要求制定更严格的枪支所有权法律,以降低该州的枪支杀戮率。
demand后边的宾语从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即“(should)动词原形”,make与主语a stricter law 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填be made 。
38.I had been (warning) what to expect.
【分析】我被警告过会发生什么。
此处是谓语动词,根据句意和空前的助动词had been,可知应用过去完成时的被动语态,故填warned 。
39.Trees (plant) by them at this time yesterday.
【分析】昨天这个时候他们正在种树。
此处是谓语动词,与主语trees之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语at this time yesterday ,可知应用过去进行时,故填were being planted 。
40.Last Friday, my classmates and I came to the nearby library to read books, but only to be told that it (decorate).
【分析】上周五,我和同学来到附近的图书馆看书,却被告知正在装修。
此处是谓语动词,与主语it 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合句意可知应用过去进行时,故填was being decorated 。
41.When I got to her house, I found that the walls (paint).
【分析】当我到她家时,我发现墙壁正在粉刷。
此处是宾语从句的谓语动词,与主语the walls 是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语从句when I got to her house ,可知应用过去进行时的被动语态,故填were being painting 。
42.An incredible tree-house restaurant (complete)by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals.
【分析】一个令人难以置信的树屋餐厅已于上月底完工,一大群人去那里用餐。
此处是谓语动词,与主语restaurant 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语by the end of last month ,应用过去完成时,故填had been completed 。
43.The result of the event(predict) several months before.
【分析】事件的结果在几个月前就已经预料到了。
此处是谓语动词,与主语the result of the event 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,结合时间状语several months before ,可知应用过去完成时,故填had been predicted 。
44.The classroom (clean) before the teacher came, so the floor and windows are very clean.
【分析】在老师来之前,教室已经被打扫了,所以地板和窗户很干净。
主句主语The classroom和动词clean之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据句意可知,打扫教室的动作发生在老师来之前,came 为一般过去时,因此空处用过去完成时,故填had been cleaned 。
45.They ( trap) in the burning building and luckily , the firefighters came to their rescue.
【分析】他们被困在着火的建筑物中,幸运的是,消防员前来营救。
此处是谓语动词,与主语they 是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据the firefighters came to their rescue 的时态,可知应用一般过去时,故填were trapped 。