实意动词讲义高考英语一轮复习

2022年高考英语知识梳理--实义动词

实义动词一、按词汇功能分类

一、按词汇功能分类

1.不及物动词

ache 疼痛apologize 道歉appear 出现arrive 到达come 来cough 咳嗽cry 哭dance 跳舞die 死disappear 消失exist 存在fall 掉flow 流淌go 去happen 发生lie 躺

listen 听rise 升起run 跑stay 呆、留sit 坐stand 站succeed 成功swim 游泳

2.及物动词

accept 接受borrow 借bury 埋cover 覆盖defeat 挫败discover 发现enjoy 喜欢excite 使激动forget 忘记guess 猜测interest 使感兴趣love 热爱please 使高兴put 放raise 提高surprise 使凉讶

3.双宾语动词

（1）及物动词+sth.to sb.

allow 允许award 授予bring 带给hand 交给mail 邮寄offer 提供owe 欠pass 传递pay 付给sell 卖给lend 借给write 写

post 邮递read 读给return 归还send 寄给serve 招待show 展示take 拿给teach 教导tell 告诉throw 扔

He gave me a picture-book as a present.他给我一本图画书做礼物。

He gave a picture-book to me as a present.

I returned him the storybook.我把故事书还给他了。

I returned the storybook to him.

（2）及物动词+sth.for sb.

book 预定buy 买choose 选择cook 做饭draw 画

fetch 去取pick 选择make 制作order 订购get 得到

prepare 准备save 节省sing 唱歌steal 偷fix 安装

find 找到

He bought me a picture-book as a present.他给我买了一本图画书做礼物。

He bought a picture-book for me as a present.

I’ve ordered you an air ticket.我已为你预订了一张机票。

I’ve ordered an air ticket for you.

【提示】

只能用“动词+直宾+to+间宾”结构动词：explain，announce，report，suggest。

The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算离开。

I reported the theft to the police.我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。

He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那个计划。

4.复合结构动词

（1）及物动词+宾语+形容词

believe 相信consider 认为cut 切dye 染

declare 宣布drive 驱使find 发现force 强迫

imagine 想象judge 判断keep 使保持leave 留下

make 使push 推paint 漆set 使

ou drive me mad when you say that.你讲这话真叫我恼火。

They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。

Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。

Mr Tomshon declared his story false.汤姆逊先生说他讲的事是假的。

（2）及物动词+宾语+名词

call 叫choose 选择consider 认为elect 选举find 找到

keep 使make 使变为name 命名wish 祝愿

We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇特的人。

We find him an honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。

We elected him chairman of the club.我们选他任俱乐部主席。

【提示】chairman是表示唯一的职务的名词，作宾补时前面不加冠词。

（3）及物动词+宾语+to do

advise 建议allow 允许ask 要求beg 请求encourage 鼓励expect 期望get 使invite 邀请order 命令teach 教

tell 告诉warn 警告want 想要wish 希望

Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.

妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要慎重。

I persuaded him to accept the plan.我说服他接受这个计划。

（4）及物动词+宾语+do

look at 看notice 注意observe 观察see 看见watch 注意看listen to 听

hear 听见feel 感觉have 使let 让make 使

The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起来。

I have never observed him act like that.我从来没见过他如此表现。

We felt the house shake just now.我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。

Did you notice anyone take the book away？你看到谁把那本书拿走了吗？

（5）及物动词+宾语+to be

believe 相信consider 认为declare 宣布find 发现imagine 相信judge 判断

prove 证明report 报道think 认为deny 否认discover 发觉feel 感觉

guess 猜测know 知道suppose 架设understand 理解

They all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。

He declared the story to be false.他断言这篇报道是假的。

Imagine yourself to be in his place.设想你自己处于他的地位，那又会怎么样呢？