如何用英语描述各种图表

　
对于线性图表的描述

上升

1. 对于上升趋势的描述：

a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：

to increase

to go up

to rise

to grow

to jump

to leap

to soar

to shoot

to pick up

b. 可以使用的名词：

an increase

a growth

a jump

a soar

an upward trend

2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：

a. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋具体数据。

b. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋the peak of＋具体数据。

c. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching the peak of +具体数据。

d. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching + 具体数据。

e. to peak at ＋ 具体数据

f. to climb to + 具体数据

3. 对于上升的程度的描述：

a. 1. a. 中的动词＋by ＋ 具体数据。

b. 1. a. 中的动词＋副词。(见

下降

1. 对于下降趋势的描述：

a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：

to fall

to decrease

to go down

to slide

to collapse

to decline

to drop

b. 可以使用的名词：

a collapse

a decrease

a fall

a decline

a drop

2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：

a. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋具体数据。

b. 1. a. 中的动词＋to＋the bottom of＋具体数据。

c. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching the bottom of +具体数据。

d. 1. a. 中的动词＋reaching + 具体数据。

3. 对于下降程度的描述：

a. 1. a. 中的动词＋by ＋ 具体数据。

b. 1. a. 中的动词＋副词。(见

对于平稳的趋势的描述：

可以使用的动词或动词词组：

to hardly change

to have little change

to keep steady

to level off

to remain constant

to stay the same

表示程度的副词：

1. 程度较大：

considerably

dramatically

greatly

markedly

obviously

quickly

rapidly

sharply

significantly

suddenly

2. 程度较小：

slightly

gradually

slowly

steadily

时间的嵌入

嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：

in

from……to……

between…….and……

during……and……

at the start of ……

by the end of ……

over ……

at the end of ……

throughout ……

时间’s + 具体数据

上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后)：

1. 先上升后下降的句型：...... increased slowly during…… and …… but fell sharply in …….

A steady fall in …

… during …… and …… followed the sharp increase in …….

2. 先下降后上升的句型：

…… fell before …… began to make a recovery ……

…… continue the recovery, climbing to ……

…… dropped during …… but increased again in ……

…… fell and then pick up during ……

…… collapsed before rising to ……at the end of ……

3. 起伏波动的句型：

…… fluctuated sharply all through ……

4. 波动不大的句型：

…… hardly changed through the period between ……and ……

柱状图形的描述

转换为线形图形的描述

饼状图形的描述

对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：

…… % the …… is/has/have/are ……

…… accounts for ……% of the total

…… takes up ……% in the whole chart

趋势的比较

1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：

Both share prices rose sharply in January.

Neither company has made a profit yet.

Like X, Y fell in June.

X rose just as sharply as Y.

2. 表示差异的句型(实例)：

X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.

X fell quickly compared to Y.

Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.

X rose far more dramatically than Y.

3. 表示倍数的句型：

the …… doubled/tripled in …… compared with those in ……

4. 客观比较的句型：

…… is …… in contrast to ……

数据的修饰

1. 表示不足的词或词组：

up to

below

under

almost

nearly

2. 表示超过的词或词组：

over

more than

just over

3. 表示大约的词：

about

补充一点点：一. 主章开头

图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

二. 表示数据

一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10%

最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point)

bottomed out; reached the bottom

变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb

decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce

fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定

remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的

dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的

significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的

sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的

steep/steeply 急剧升降的

steady/steadily 稳固的

，坚定不移的

gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的

slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的

slight/slightly轻微的、略微地

stable/stably 稳定的

表示范围：from…to… between…and… for …to …多长时间直到

表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多

nearly adv. 几乎，密切地

approximately adv. 近似的，大约

about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围

just over 刚超过

over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾

exactly adv. 正确地，严密地

precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地

比例：20 per cent 20%

one in three 1/3

one out of every four 1/4

三。常用词

significant changes 图中一些较大变化

noticeable trend 明显趋势

during the same period 在同一时期

grow/grew 增长

distribute 分布，区别

unequally 不相等地

pronounced 明显的

average 平均

no doubt 无疑地

corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的

represent vt. 阐述，表现

overall 总体上讲

except 除外

in the case of adv. 在…的情况下

in contrast 相反，大不相同

in conclusion adv. 最后，总之

in comparison 相比之下

inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地

in general 通常，大体上，一般而言

rang from

excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外

lower v.降低，跌落

elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝

category n.种类

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市场规率

measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节

forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测

1.有用的词

上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up

下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down

平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down

占:occupy take up account for gain

而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact

相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with

最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most

最低点:bottom less least rock bottom

平均:mean average

趋势:tendancy trend inclination

预见:prediction

达到顶峰: mount to

在***中占***:***gain the percentage of

有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen

原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。

B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结

以下是引用zxc0470在2004-6-3 23:05:00的发言

：

1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。。(概述图表)

正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。

As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.

2. It can be seen from the table that … (得出结论)

shown graph

concluded figures

estimated statistics

A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。

From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.

B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。

It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.

3. … amount to … (数量总计)

add up to

come to

sum up to

全部费用合计200美元。

All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.

4. … increase from … to … (数量增减)

decrease

rise

fall

drop

A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。

The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.

B.参加者的人数增加到30万。

The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons).

C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。

The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.

5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of

上升17% rise by 17per cent steel

日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a

diminished output

现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。

The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.

pared with … , …

与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.

Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.

7.There is (was) a rapid rise in … be on the rise

has been sharp increase on the increase

sudden decrease on the decline

steady decline

gradual fall

slow drop

slight

最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。

The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.

——“结尾”段落中常用的句型：

1. In my opinion, … 2. Personally, I … 3. In short

(= In brief), …

4. In conclusion, … 5.As far as I’m concerned, … 6. To conclude , it seems clear that …

至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。

As far as I’m concerned ,I’m in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.

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我再补充几点：

同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。

以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：

spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled upward / climbed drastically / soar / surge / experience an explosive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a modest ( marginal ) gain / on the rise / on the ascendance / wane / shrink / slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend (tide ) / sth. continued its upward / downward trend. / reach the plateau / the bottleneck / sth. level off / sth. remains steady / stable / unchanged / constant / stay the same / There was a slight drop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply / dramatically / drastically / substantially / steeply / incredibly / massively / surprisingly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly / steadily / gradually / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a ( the ) peak / the highest point / A record number of students / reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience a moderate fluctuation / swing /

另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型，在考试的时候如果考到图表作文要会灵活使用。

This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 1990, three out of four houses were state-owned. However, by 2000, the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%.

The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade. (1990-2000)

As is suggested ( unfolded / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored ) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (1990-2000)

According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses, while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. ( 1990-2000)

　

　From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drastic decrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade. (1990-2000)