2010湖南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题
2011年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: There are 7 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. (30×1′=30 points)Passage 1Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called "footwear for yuppies". They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children’s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite its emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to $ 1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $ 27 to $ 85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and departmentstores, in accordance with the company’s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reebok’s exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. At present, Reebok shoes arc available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.1. One reason why Reebok’s managerial personnel don’t like their shoes to be called "footwear for yuppies" is that ______.A. they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB. new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoesC. yuppies usually evokes a negative imageD. the term makes people think of prohibitive prices2. Reebok’s view that "consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution" (Para. 2) implies that ______.A. the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itB. the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC. the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell itD. consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores3. Reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because ______.A. its supply of products fell short of demandB. too many distributors would cut into its profitsC. the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketD. it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products4. Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it ________.A. does not want to further expand its retailing networkB. still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC. is still particular about who sells its productsD. still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products【答案与解析】1. A 第一段开头就指出管理者们不喜欢被这样称呼，下文说到“the company offers basketball and children’s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers...”，由此可见其目标消费群体是多个年龄段的。
翻译硕士英语2010答案
是蓝领工人 ,因 为这些行业 与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选 项正是此意。A,B,C 选项与此无关。 ” “.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话 ,“ But in the long血 n。 ¨psychdogically dyna血 ℃ ,可 知 从长期来看 ,这 种失业现象必然会导致政治上 ,经 济上和心理上的危 险。因此可推 测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选 项正是此意。A,C,D选 项与此无关。 Passage Two es枷,Ds36Jo40仞 昭 Dc“ 〃 @刀 仂 纟roJJov枷 留 pJfscgB。 口刃 %.C 由文章第二段最后一句话 ,“ A homone。 ¨山ings hⅡ pen dsewhere。 ” ,可 知 ,荷 尔蒙 是 由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此 ,C选 项正是此意 ,它 会 对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,B,D选 项文中均未提及。 3T。 D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第 三段。A选 项 中提到的 scientists,function在 第 三 段中都从未出现过 ,所 以为无关选项 ,排 除。B选 项 中提到 frequentˇ ,而 分泌荷尔 蒙的频率在此段 中也未提到 ,排 除。C选 项 中的 aging process在 此段 中也没有出现 排除。因此 ,此 题应选 D选 项。 38.D 原文高亮处的意思是 :最 普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的 ,但 是却很深远而且难 以追踪 :他 们可以改变情绪 ,影 响人类 的行为 ,甚 至会影响通常看来是 自发的那些 行为。A选 项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上 ,但 文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙 及其作用 ,因 此 A选 项错误。B选 项 中提到的科学家现在还不 肯定荷尔蒙的影响的 深远程度 ,属 于无关信息。C选 项 中的 urgent tre乱 ment属 于无关 信息。D选 项 的意 思是 :荷 尔蒙的影响难以衡量 ,但 是它可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。 40
翻译硕士MTI汉语写作与百科知识历史文化历年真题试卷汇编3_真题-无答案
翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（历史文化）历年真题试卷汇编3(总分56,考试时间90分钟)1. 单项选择题1. 美国的《独立宣言》是一份由( )起草，并由其他代表签署的最初声明南北美十三个殖民地摆脱英国的殖民统治的文件。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 乔治.华盛顿B. 本杰明.富兰克林C. 约翰.亚当斯D. 托马斯.杰弗逊2. ( )是中国古代魏晋以后产生的一种文体，南北朝是该种文体的全盛时期。
该文体是与散文相对而言的。
其主要特点是以四六句式为主，讲究对仗，因句式两两相对，犹如两马并驾齐驱，故而得名。
(两南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 对联B. 俳句C. 骈体文D. 八股文3. 《马桥词典》，是中国作家_________1996年出版的一部________，这部著作收录了湖南一个虚构村庄马桥弓人的115个词条，其中有些词汇也是作者所虚构(如晕街)。
( )(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 贾平凹，字典B. 韩少功，小说C. 莫言，报告文学D. 池莉，戏剧4. 《马氏文通》是马建忠参照( )语法体系，同时参照中国关于虚字的一些说法，经过长期的整理、搜集而创建起来的一套汉语语法体系。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 文言文B. 白话文C. 拉丁文D. ***文5. 奥林匹克运动会因起源于古希腊奥林匹亚(Olympia)而得名。
古代奥运会从公元前776年到公元394年，共经历293届，后被罗马皇帝狄奥多两一世以邪教活动的罪名而废止。
1894年在巴黎召开的国际体育会议，根据法国贵族( )的倡议成立了国际奥委会，并决定恢复奥运会。
(两南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 顾拜旦B. 大仲马C. 戴高乐D. 莫泊桑6. 郑和( )曾到过瓜哇、苏门答腊等三十多个国家，最远曾到达非洲东岸、红海、麦加等，并有可能到过澳大利亚。
(西南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 六出祁山B. 东渡重洋C. 七下西洋D. 出使西域7. “子非鱼，安知鱼之乐”这句话出自著名典故“濠梁之辩”，其中的辩手是( )。
2010年湖南师范大学MTI翻译基础真题及出处
一、英译汉All through my boyhood and youth, I was known as an idler; and yet I was always busy on my own private end, which was to learn to write. I kept always two books in my pocket, one to read, one to write in. As I walked, m y mind was busy fitting what I saw with appropriate words; when I sat by the roadside, I would either read, or a pencil and a notebook would be in m y hand, to note down the features of the scene or write som e poor lines of verse. Thus I lived with words. And what I thus wrote was for no future use; it was written consciously for practice. It was not so much that I wished to be an author (though I wished that too) as that I had vowed that I would learn to write. That was a proficiency that tem pted m e; and I practiced to acquire it. Description was the principal field of m y exercise; for to any one with senses there is always som ething worth describing, and town and country are but one continuous subject. But I worked in ot her ways also; I often accom panied m y walks with dramatic dialogues, in which I played m any parts; and often exercised m yself in writing down conversations from memory.This was all excellent, no doubt. And yet this was not the m ost efficient part of m y training. Good as it was, it only taught m e the choice of the essential note and the right word. And regarded as training, it had one grave defect; for it set m e no standard of achievem ent. So there was perhaps more profit，as there was certainly more effort，in my secret labors at hom e.二、汉译英改编自下文。
2010年考研英语真题及解析
14.[A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15.[A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence[D] As usual16.[A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17.[A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18.[A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19.[A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D] intended20.[A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. Toread such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of En gland’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospectseems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that .[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by .[A] free themes[B] casual style[C] elaborate layout[D] radical viewpoints23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in theso-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of.[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions.[B] It involves a very big business transaction.[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S..28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means.[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents.[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence isprimarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulati ng a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to .[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading i deas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory” .[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.What the researchers have observed recently shows that .[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase “these people” in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones who .[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted.[B]The impulse to influence others.[C]The readiness to be influenced.[D]The inclination to rely on others.Text 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to .[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in .[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to .[A]keep away from political influences[B]evade the pressure from their peers[C]act on their own in rule-setting[D]take gradual measures in reform39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they .[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of .[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has beencorrectly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardlessof how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2009年6月22日The Economist《经济学人》，原文标题是Questioning the Hawthorne Effect(《质疑“霍桑效应”》的文章。
翻译硕士MTI汉语写作与百科知识环境自然地理科技历年真题试卷汇编1_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（环境、自然地理、科技）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分74, 做题时间90分钟)1. 单项选择题1.冰岛首都雷克雅未克是世界上著名的“无烟城市”，满足当地居民的能源需求主要靠利用( )资源。
(南京航空航天大学2011翻译硕士)SSS_SINGLE_SELA 煤B 地热C 石油D 核动力该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：雷克雅未克地热资源丰富，早在1928年，就建起了地热供热系统。
后经过不断钻探、扩建，已在全市铺设了370英里长的热水管道，首都10个区的热水来自4个地热区，此外还建立了10个自动化热水站，为全市居民提供热水和暖气。
这些能源每年可节约开支几十亿冰岛克朗。
由于地热能为城市的工业提供能源，因此人们在这里看不到其它城市常见的锅炉和烟囱。
雷克雅未克天空蔚蓝，市容整洁几乎没有污染，故有“无烟城市”之称。
2.2009年12月的联合国气候变化大会在哪里召开?( )(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)SSS_SINGLE_SELA 日内瓦B 巴黎C 哥本哈根D 伦敦该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：2009年联合国气候变化大会在丹麦首都哥本哈根的贝拉会议中心举行。
这次会议的全称是“《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第15次会议”；同时，它还是《京都议定书》签字国第五次会议。
根据“巴厘路线图”的决定，本次会议将诞生一份新的《哥本哈根议定书》，以代替2012年到期的《京都议定书》。
因此，本次会议被喻为“拯救人类的最后一次机会”。
3.“世界环境日”是( )。
(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)SSS_SINGLE_SELA 3月5日B 4月5日C 5月5日D 6月5日该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：1972年6月5日在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开了《联合国人类环境会议》，会议通过了《人类环境宣言》，并将每年的6月5日定为“世界环境日”。
同年10月，第27届联合国大会通过决议接受了该建议。
湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案第一篇：湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I.Phrase Translation1)三个代表: Three Represents2)与时俱进: advance with the times;keep pace with the times3)自主创新能力：capacity for independent innovation;independent innovation capability4)以德治国：Rule the country by virtue;run the country by virtue5)科学发展观：Scientific Outlook on Development6)房奴：house slave;mortgage slave7)“三农”问题：issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers;issues of agriculture,farmer and rural area8)传销：pyramid selling;pyramid sales9)服务型政府：service-oriented government;Service Government10)经济适用房：affordable housing;economically affordable housing11)以人为本: people oriented;Put People First12)次贷危机: subprime mortgage crisis;subprime crisis13)廉政建设: construction of a clean and honest administration;clean government building14)精神文明: cultural and ideological progress15)中部崛起: rise of central china16)normalization of diplomatic relations: 外交关系正常化17)labor dispute: 劳动争议;劳资纠纷18)irrenewable energy：不可再生能源19)wealth gap: 贫富差距;贫富悬殊20)cyberterrorism: 网络恐怖主义21)bubble economy：泡沫经济22)greenhouse gases：温室气体;温室效应气体23)think tank：智囊团;智库24)intellectual property rights: 知识产权25)oil-for-food program: 石油换粮食计划;石油换食品计划26)anthrax: 炭疽，炭疽热27)Pacific Rim: 太平洋周边地区;环太平洋(地区);太平洋沿岸(地区)28)soft landing: 软着陆29)the carrot and the stick: 胡萝卜加大棒;威逼加利诱;软硬兼施30)multilateral negotiation: 多边谈判;多方协商II.Passage translation凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构Section A English to ChineseLawrence lived his relatively short life during a period of social and political upheaval.His experience as a student and a teacher would not have been possible had the Education Act of 1870 not established compulsory elementary schools for children of back grounds like his.The industrialism he hated, particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Notting hamshire, with the accompanying blight of surrounding countryside, was reaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.World War I was a shock, followed by disillusionment , to many educated Europeans, who had believed that materialprogress, equated with the advance of civilization, had banished war wrence had never shared the near universal faith in material progress.His horror of the war, for reasons more personal, proved socially and politically prophetic — he saw the war as the beginning of the conformism , the assault on authentic individualism that has in fact characterized the twentieth century.Because Lawrence spent years in Italy during the fascist period, and because his “dream of leadership” often emerged in authoritarian statements or the invention of authoritarian figures , one of the many strands of adverse criticism woven around him during his life was a charge that he had fascist leanings.The charge is absurd, as insight into the essential core of the man — his hatred of conformism, insistence on singular passional being — reveals.However, it is true that Lawrence, like many artists who believe in the magic of words, sometimes expressed his yearnings for power in an idiom colored by the socialist, communist, and fascist language of the 1920s and 1930s.参考译文：劳伦斯比较短促的一生，正处在社会和政治大动荡的时期。
2010年外语考研真题及答案解析
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of English丁晓钟：2010年考研英语一真题参考答案Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floorlignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that thevery___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up[C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter[C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness[B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable[B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for[C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued18. [A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However [D]Meanwhile19. [A]Attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intenced20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. Even those papers that continue to reviewfine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past.It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomson’s The Musical Scene (1945), Edwin Denby’s Looking at the Dance (1949), Kenneth Tynan’s Curtains (1961), and Hilton Kramer’s The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.1 Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classica l-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. How is it possible that so celebrated a critic should have slipped into near-total obscurity?21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized byA free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent ritics in MemoryC Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivalsthat might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court”,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, orwell-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t expl ain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certainlooks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t se em to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to thetwo-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability t o influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call “global cascades”- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to s ocial epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to r eport enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The det ails may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term ass ets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent andeven combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change willultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, thenon-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项 affect 意思是"影响，感动"； B项 achieve意思是"达成，完成"； C项extract意思是"提取，榨出"；D项restore是"恢复，重建". 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2010年湖南师范大学英语翻译基础考研真题
育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！I. Directions:Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)1.APEC2.ASEAN3.CFO4.CPI5.EMS6.FBI7.GPS8.IPO9.NATO10.International Monetary Fund11.most favored nations12.Intellectual Property Rights13.Certified Public Accountant14.European Free Trade Association15.International Atomic Energy Agency16.按揭贷款17.保健食品18.保税区19.不正之风20.春运21.第三产业22.法制国家23.国际惯例24.货到付款25.亏损企业26.减员增效27.联合兼并28.留职停薪29.特别提款权30.市场准入。
2010年全国硕士英语试卷解析
2010年全国硕士英语试卷解析The 2010 National Master of English exam in China was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in the English language. The exam covered a wide range of topics, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. Many students found the exam to bedifficult and stressful, and there has been much debate about the fairness and effectiveness of the exam.From the perspective of the students, the 2010 National Master of English exam was a daunting challenge. The exam required students to have a deep understanding of the English language and to be able to apply their knowledge in a variety of contexts. Many students spent months, or even years, preparing for the exam, and the pressure to perform well was immense. For some students, the exam was a source of anxiety and stress, and they felt that their entire future hinged on their performance.On the other hand, proponents of the exam argue that it is an effective way to assess students' English language abilities. They believe that the exam provides a standardized measure of students' proficiency in English, which is essential for admission to graduate programs and for employment in certain fields. They also argue that the exam helps to ensure that students receive a high-quality education in English, as it encourages schools to focus on teaching the skills and knowledge that are tested on the exam.However, critics of the exam argue that it is an unfair and ineffective way to assess students' English language abilities. They point out that the exam places too much emphasis on rote memorization and test-taking skills, rather than on the ability to communicate effectively in English. They also argue that the exam is biased towards students from urban areas and affluent backgrounds, as they are more likely to have access to high-quality English instruction and testpreparation resources.In conclusion, the 2010 National Master of English exam was a challenging and controversial test that sparked much debate among students, educators, and policymakers. While some believe that the exam is an effective way to assess students' English language abilities, others argue that it is unfair andineffective. As English language proficiency continues to be an important skill in the global economy, it is essential to continue this debate and to seek out fair and effective ways to assess students' abilities in this area.。
翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(环境、自然地理、科技)历年真题试卷汇编1.doc
翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（环境、自然地理、科技）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：74.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.冰岛首都雷克雅未克是世界上著名的“无烟城市”，满足当地居民的能源需求主要靠利用( )资源。
(南京航空航天大学2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.煤B.地热C.石油D.核动力2.2009年12月的联合国气候变化大会在哪里召开?( )(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.日内瓦B.巴黎C.哥本哈根D.伦敦3.“世界环境日”是( )。
(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.3月5日B.4月5日C.5月5日D.6月5日4.什么是低碳生活?( )(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.是指生活作息时要注意保护环境，要少用碳、煤等有污染的燃料B.是指生活作息时所耗用能量要减少，从而减低二氧化碳的排放C.是指生活作息时要节约用水．要保护地球的水资源D.是指生活作息时要注意身心健康，要多到大自然去呼气新鲜空气，以减少体内的二氧化碳5.英国最长的河流是( )。
(对外经贸201l翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.赛文河B.泰晤士河C.克莱德河D.莱茵河6.五大湖指的是( )。
(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖、安大略湖B.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖C.密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、谢湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖D.密歇根湖、奇安湖、伊利湖、尼斯湖、安大略湖7.美国的新英格兰地区不包括下面哪个州?( )(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.缅因州B.新罕布什尔州C.佛蒙特州D.北卡罗莱纳州8.美洲最高峰为高达6187米的麦金利山峰，该山峰位于( )。
(对外经贸2011翻译硕士)（分数：2.00）A.阿拉斯加的中部B.夏威夷的中部C.科罗拉多的中部D.怀俄明的中部9.1935年红军长征胜利到达陕北，毛泽东写下了七律《长征》：“红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲。
2010年全国硕士英语试卷解析
2010年全国硕士英语试卷解析Analysis of the 2010 National Master English TestThe National Master English Test is a crucial examination for graduate students in China. In 2010, the test was held on a large scale, and examinees across the country took it to assess their English proficiency. The test consists of reading comprehension, listening comprehension, translation, and writing sections. Let's delve into each section to understand the difficulty level and key points of the 2010 test.Reading Comprehension:The reading comprehension section in the 2010 test was notably challenging. It featured passages covering a wide range of topics, such as technology, culture, history, and literature. Examinees needed to have a strong grasp of vocabulary and the ability to infer information from the text. Some questions required critical thinking skills to analyze the author's perspective or identify the main idea of the passage. Time management was crucial in this section, as there were multiple passages to read and answer questions within a limited time frame.Listening Comprehension:The listening comprehension section in the 2010 test was designed to assess examinees' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. Examinees listened to recordings of conversations, lectures, and interviews, then answered questions based on what they heard. The recordings varied in speed and accent, challenging examinees to focus and comprehend different speech patterns. It was essential for examinees to listen carefully, take notes, and pay attention to key details to score well in this section.Translation:The translation section in the 2010 test required examinees to translate English sentences into Chinese accurately. The sentences covered a range of topics, including business, science, and everyday situations. Examinees needed to demonstrate a strong command of both English and Chinese language structures to convey the meaning effectively. Additionally, cultural nuances and idiomatic expressions posed a challenge for examinees to accurately translate the sentences.Writing:The writing section in the 2010 test tested examinees' ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in English. Examinees were given prompts on various topics, such as currentevents, social issues, or personal experiences, and were required to write essays within a specified time limit. It was essential for examinees to organize their ideas logically, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and provide examples to support their arguments in this section.Overall, the 2010 National Master English Test was a comprehensive assessment of examinees' English proficiency. It required strong language skills, critical thinking abilities, and effective communication skills to perform well. Examinees needed to prepare thoroughly by practicing reading, listening, translation, and writing to succeed in the test. By analyzing the difficulty level and key points of each section, examinees could focus on improving their weaknesses and enhancing their overall performance in the test.。
翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识单项选择题专项强化真题试卷40_真题-无答案
翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识单项选择题专项强化真题试卷40(总分100,考试时间60分钟)单项选择题1. 1.被赞誉为“诗中有画，画中有诗”的唐代诗人是（）A. 李白B. 杜甫C. 白居易D. 王维2. 2.下列城市中，哪个是专门作为政治中心而新建的首都城市？（）A. 华盛顿B. 悉尼C. 里约热内卢D. 温哥华3. 3.量子力学和相对论分别是描述（）运动规律的。
A. 天体和高速运动物质B. 宏观物体和低速运动物质C. 物体内部和物体之间D. 微观粒子和高速运动物质4. 4.下列对结构文本与解构文本特点描述不正确的是( )。
A. 结构主义作品表征的是实体B. 解构主义文本是敞开的，意义等待发现C. 结构主义作品的所指充满多义性、非对应性D. 解构主义文本的翻译是一种转换5. 5.以下关于《四库全书》的说法正确的是( )。
A. 《四库全书》是我国古代最大的一部丛书，编辑于清朝康熙年间B. 《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四部编排，又称《四部丛刊》C. 清王朝以官方力量遍收当时天下藏书，后将全部收集书籍都编入《四库全书》D. 《四库全书》编成之后，写成七部，分藏各地6. 6.在我国现代文学史上曾写出了《蔡文姬》、《雷雨》、《龙须沟》等作品的三位作者分别是( )。
(湖南大学2010翻译硕士)A. 夏衍、茅盾、老舍B. 郭沫若、曹禺、老舍C. 田汉、茅盾、夏衍D. 田汉、曹禺、老舍7. 7.背景：( )1839年被任命为钦差大臣，到广州禁烟，为了摸清英军的情况，他设立了译书馆，请人翻译西书，以做到“知己知彼”。
A. 李鸿章B. 林则徐C. 蔡锷D. 邓廷桢8. 8.钓鱼岛从何时开始就明确为我国的领土?( )A. 明朝B. 唐朝C. 元朝D. 宋朝9. 9.陶瓷史上所称的“南青北白”是指哪两大瓷系?( )A. 越窑和官窑B. 景德镇窑和邢窑C. 越窑和邢窑D. 汝窑和官窑10. 10.《史记》中篇目最多的是?( )A. 本纪B. 表C. 列传D. 世家11. 11.京剧中的脸谱使人的性格一目了然，一般红色脸谱代表：( )。