高考英语省略句

省略句

为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。

省略可分以下几种情况：

（一）简单句中的省略

1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。

其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

e.g. (I) Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语，下同）

(I) See you tomorrow.

(It) Doesn’t matter.

2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

e.g. (There is) No smoking.

(Is there) Anything wrong?

Why (do you) not say hello to him?

3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

e.g. ---- Are you going there?

---- I’d like to (go there).

He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).

(动词:want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try, forget, decide,prefer, mean, intend, plan, refuse…等动词宾语。tell, ask, want, expect, warn…等动词的宾补。

形容词：glad, happy, pleased, delighted, …

短语：be going to, be about to, be able to, have to, u sed to, ought to, …)

注意：如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态，则须在to之后加上be或have。

e.g. ---- Are you an engineer?

---- No, but I want to be.

---- He hasn’t finished the task yet.

---- Well, he ought to have.

4、省略表语。

e.g. ---- Are you thirsty?

---- Yes, I am (thirsty).

5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。

e.g. What a wonderful film (it is)!

(It’s) Simply impossible!

6、介词的省略：

e.g. The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house.

一些固定词组：have a hard time (in) doing sth.

waste time (in) doing sth., spend …(in) doing sth.

prevent/stop…(from)…, be busy (in) doing…,

be engaged (in) doing…, there’s no use (in) doing…,…

He failed (in) the game.

The war lasted (for) four years. （但在句首和与walk等连用不可）

Come and see me (at) any time you like. (in, on, at, by)

He stayed (at) home all day.

He walked (for ) three li. (表示距离的状语中)

（In) This way you will succeed.

7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。

e.g. At her sister’s (house), she spent a pleasant weekend.

8、连词的省略：

not only… but (also)…, whether… (or not), so (that)

9、情态动词should的省略

insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise,

demand, require, request, ask.

It’s necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity…

10、同时省略几个成分。

e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

---- Have you finished your work?

---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

（二）并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

（三）主从复合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略。

e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.

(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。

e.g. ---- Is he coming back tonight?

---- I think so.

---- Is he feeling better today?

---- I’m afraid not.

这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so?

I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not.

I imagine not. I expect not. I hope not. I guess not等。

（但I don’t think so比I think not更常用）。