农科院考博试题
农科院分子生物学考博
1. PABP： poly(A)结合蛋白，能够结合细胞核RNA和mRNA的poly(A)序列，许多真核生物部有相关类型的蛋白质。
2.What’ its function of poly (A) and how to use it i n experiments？mRNA 3 ' 延伸的多聚腺苷酸经常被描述为poly (A)尾部，有这种特征的mRNA称为poly (A)+).poly (A)序列并非由DNA编码，在细胞核它是在转录之后被加到RNA上的。
Poly〔A〕被特异的蛋白质PABP结合，有助于稳定mRNA，防止降解；作为核糖体的识别信号，使mRNA 分子有效翻译。
在试验中的应用：具有poly(A)的mRNA在oligo(dT)引物和反转录酶的作用下，可合成出双链cDNA。
随后将它与质粒载体构成重组分子，并转化给大肠杆菌寄主细胞进展扩增。
应用这种方法能够别离和扩增我们所期望研究的基因或DNA片段。
3.To compare the process of protein synthesis for prokaryotic and eukaryotic.真核生物蛋白质合成与原核生物两者相比，密码一样，各种组分相似，亦有核糖体、tRNA 与各种蛋白质因子。
总的合成途径也相似，有起始、延伸与终止阶段，但也有不同之处。
⑴原核生物的翻译与转录偶联在一起，即边转录边翻译；而真核生物的翻译与转录不偶联。
真核mRNA前体需经加工修饰成为成熟mRNA后，从核输入细胞质，然后进展翻译。
⑵真核生物蛋白质合成机构比原核生物复杂，起始步骤涉与起始因子众多，过程复杂。
如起始氨基酸；核糖体组成；起始因子的种类等等。
⑶真核生物蛋白质合成的调控复杂。
⑷真核生物与原核生物的蛋白质合成可为不同的抑制剂所抑制。
4.What is Tu-Ts cycle?EF -Tu 一GTP 将氨酞-tRNA 安置在核糖体上后，以EF-Tu-GDP 的形式释放。
华中师范大学中国农村研究院考博真题
华中师范大学中国农村研究院考博真题
一、名词解释（15*4=60）
1、农村文化遗产
2、预算控制
3、公共治理理论
4、决策
二、简答（20*3=60）
1、农业宏观调控手段
2、如何开拓我国农村消费市场
3、国际化经营要受到哪些环境因素的影响三、论述（30*1=30）
1、ERP 承载哪些先进管理理念，其基本内容是什么
一、简答（18*5=90）
1、农业在生态环境保护和治理中的作用
2、农业对国民经济发展直接作用
3、现代农业科技革命的目标
4、农村公共文化服务特征
5、农村文化人才管理的内容
二、论述（30*2=60）
中国农村研究院
1、结合实际谈一谈，现代农业典型形式和内容以及农业现代化路径
2、结合实际谈一谈，领导有效性理论的内容以及如何运用
城市与环境科学学院
1、结合《乡村振兴战略规划（2018-2022 年）》，谈一谈你对城乡发展空间的认识
2、中共中央、国务院发布《我国积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》，结合实际谈一谈，你对农村人口老龄化问题的看法
国家文化产业中心
1、农业产业化经营是什么，在现代农业生产中的作用是什么
2、农村文化管理主体之间的关系，以及存在问题和对策
经济与工商管理学院
1、论述深化农村土地制度改革的观点
2、论述对“夯实农业基础，保障重要农产品供给”的认识。
农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目
农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目摘要：一、引言二、博士笔试题目的特点1.专业性强2.考察研究能力3.注重实践与应用三、农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目类型1.基本理论知识题2.研究方法与技术题3.案例分析题四、应对策略与建议1.系统学习专业知识2.掌握研究方法与技术3.关注实际应用案例4.加强学术交流与讨论五、结尾正文：一、引言农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目旨在选拔具备较强专业素养、研究能力和实践经验的人才。
为了在考试中取得优异成绩，我们需要对题目的特点、类型及应对策略有所了解。
二、博士笔试题目的特点1.专业性强：农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目紧密围绕灌溉领域，考查考生对相关专业知识的理解和掌握程度。
2.考察研究能力：题目要求考生具备独立开展科研工作的能力，包括设计研究方案、运用研究方法、分析数据等方面。
3.注重实践与应用：考试内容注重考查考生在实际工程项目中的应用能力，以及解决实际问题的能力。
三、农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目类型1.基本理论知识题：考查考生对灌溉领域基本概念、原理和公式等的掌握。
2.研究方法与技术题：重点考查考生在灌溉领域的研究方法、技术手段和最新进展等方面的知识。
3.案例分析题：要求考生运用所学知识对实际工程项目进行分析和评价，提出合理建议。
四、应对策略与建议1.系统学习专业知识：针对考试范围，系统学习灌溉领域的基本理论和实践知识。
2.掌握研究方法与技术：了解并掌握灌溉领域的研究方法和技术手段，关注最新进展。
3.关注实际应用案例：多关注实际工程项目，提高自己在实际问题中的分析和解决能力。
4.加强学术交流与讨论：与同行进行学术交流和讨论，提高自己的专业素养和思维能力。
五、结尾农科院灌溉所博士笔试题目对考生的专业素养、研究能力和实践经验有较高要求。
通过系统学习、掌握研究方法、关注实际应用和加强学术交流，相信大家都能在考试中取得好成绩。
中国农业科学院植物营养学考博复习题
1 铁有哪些主要营养功能?2 铁与叶绿素含量有何关系?3 铁是哪些酶的组成分?4 硼有哪些营养功能?5 缺硼植物的典型症状是什么?6 对硼敏感的植物有哪些?7 锰与植物生长素的含量有何关系?8 植物缺锰的典型症状是什么?9 锰与植物的光合作用有何关系?10 铜有哪些主要营养功能?11 铜与植物的光合作用有何关系?12 铜是哪些酶的激活剂?13 锌有哪些主要营养功能?14 锌与植物的光合作用有何关系?15 锌是哪些酶的激活剂?16 对锌敏感的植物有哪些?17 碳酸酐酶有何作用? 锌与它的活性有何关系?19 钼有哪些营养功能?20 钼与豆科植物固氮有何关系?21 钼与硝酸还原酶的活性有何关系?22 哪些植物对钼敏感?23 大麦灰斑病、番茄脐腐病、苹果小叶病分别是缺乏什么元素引起的?24 果树黄叶病、甜菜心腐病、花叶菜鞭尾病分别是缺乏什么元素引起的?25 简述根际的概念和范围26 根际N、P、K养分的亏缺区宽度大小顺序如何?27 化学有效性养分与生物有效性养分有何差异?28 那些因素影响根系的生长?29 什么是根分泌物? 有哪些种类? 举例说明造成根际pH值变化的因素有哪些?31 何谓菌根? 对植物生长有何作用?32 菌根促进植物磷素吸收的主要机理是什么?33 说明排根的形成条件及其在植物营养中的作用34 什么是土壤养分的强度因素和容量因素?35 交换性钾含量相同的沙土和粘土在钾肥施用上有何区别?36 根际pH值变化对养分有效性有何影响?37 土壤A的全磷含量比土壤B高, 能否推断土壤A上植物生长一定比土壤B好?38、试分析土壤条件与土壤中微量元素有效性的关系。
39、列出土壤中养分向根表迁移的集中方式, 并说明氮磷钙各以那种方式为主? •它们在根际的分布各有何特点? 并分析其原因。
40、试比较钙和磷在根部吸收的部位、横向运输、纵向运输、•再利用程度和缺素症出现的部位等方面的特点。
41、简述植物根分泌物的成分、性质，它对土壤微生物和植物营养有什么意义?42、华北石灰性土壤上哪些微量元素容易缺乏? 为什么? 其主要症状表现有哪些?43、说明植物对铵态氮和硝态氮在吸收、同化、运输、•贮存和利用方面各有什么差异?44、试说明钾对增强作物抗病虫能力的原因。
中国农业科学院分子遗传学历年博士考试试题.doc
2^ 核小体(nucleosome)密的结构形式。
操纵子(operon ) 转应子(transposon) Z 型 DNA (Z-I)NA) 溶源现象(lys ()gcncsis) 光复合修复(photoreaction repair) 复制子(replicon)构成染色质的基木结构单位使得染色质中DNA 、引发体(promosome) 异源双链体(heteroduplex) 无效突变(null mutation) 密码兼并(code degenerac}0 断裂基因(split gene) 同裂悔(isoschizomer)RXA 和蛋白质组织成为一种致增变基因(mutator gene) 卫星 DNA (satellite DNA)RNA 编辑(RNA-editing) 拟基因(pseudogene)Chi 序列(Chi sequence) 核酶(ribozyme)1995年分子遗传学试题(北农科院M 士分了遗传学试题_97基木是此卷)内含子(intron ) 増变基因(mutatorgene) 冈崎片段(Okazaki fragment) 琥珀突变(amber mutation) 引发体(primosome) 颠换 (tra ns versi ()n )Z 型 DNA (Z-DNA) 操纵子(opcron )移码突变(fYameshitt mutation) 核小体(nucleosme) 卫星 DNA (satellite DNA) 弱化子(attenuator)同裂酶(isoschizomer) 同功tRNA (isoacccptcr) 基因簇(gene cluster)拓扑异构酶(topoisomerase) 核酶(ribozyme) 基因家族(genefamily)1994年分子遗传学试题一、名词解释1、内含子(intron)原始转录物通过RNA 拼接反应而被去除的RNA 序列或基因屮与这种RNA 序列相应的 DNA 序列。
农学博士英语试题及答案
农学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common agricultural practice?A. MonocultureB. PolycultureC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "photosynthesis" refers to the process by which plants:A. Convert sunlight into energyB. Break down organic compoundsC. Absorb waterD. Release oxygen3. In agriculture, the use of "fertilizers" is primarily for:A. Soil structure improvementB. Pest controlC. Enhancing plant growthD. Harvesting crops4. What is the main purpose of crop rotation?A. To increase crop yieldB. To reduce soil erosionC. To prevent pest infestationD. All of the above5. The "Green Revolution" in agriculture is associated with:A. The use of high-yielding varietiesB. The application of organic farmingC. The reduction of chemical fertilizersD. The promotion of sustainable practices6. What is the role of "pesticides" in agriculture?A. To increase crop yieldB. To protect crops from pestsC. To improve soil fertilityD. To enhance crop quality7. "Organic farming" is characterized by:A. The use of chemical fertilizersB. The avoidance of synthetic chemicalsC. The reliance on monocultureD. The use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)8. The term "biotechnology" in agriculture refers to:A. The use of traditional farming methodsB. The application of modern scientific techniquesC. The cultivation of wild plantsD. The breeding of livestock9. "Sustainable agriculture" aims to:A. Maximize short-term profitsB. Ensure long-term productivityC. Increase the use of machineryD. Expand the scale of farming10. "Conservation tillage" is a method that:A. Involves deep plowing of soilB. Reduces soil disturbanceC. Increases the use of waterD. Requires more fertilizers二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process by which plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil is known as __________.2. A system of farming that mimics natural ecosystems is called __________.3. The use of genetically modified seeds in agriculture can lead to __________.4. The practice of leaving land fallow for a period is known as __________.5. The main component of natural gas used as a fertilizer is __________.6. The technique of grafting involves joining two different plants to form a __________.7. The term "drought-resistant" refers to plants that can survive with __________.8. The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy in plants is __________.9. The use of manure as a fertilizer is an example of__________.10. The practice of planting different crops in the samefield at the same time is known as __________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture.2. Describe the benefits of using compost in agricultural practices.3. What are the potential environmental impacts of using chemical fertilizers?4. Discuss the importance of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the role of biotechnology in modern agriculture and its potential implications for food security.2. Analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of precision farming techniques.五、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）1. Translate the following sentence into English: “土壤侵蚀是农业生产中一个严重的问题，需要采取有效措施来防止。
还有农科院、农大、浙江大学等)分子生物学往年考博试题(2021整理)
中科院2002年分子遗传学〔博士〕注：1、A卷考生必须答复以下5题，每题20分。
B卷考生任选四题答复，每题25分。
一、请举出细胞中的各种RNA分子的名称、特征和功能。
如何从RNA动身开展功能基因组的研究。
二、真核生物的基因表达操纵〔controlofgeneexpression〕和信号传导〔signaltransduction〕有紧密的关系，请举出一个你熟悉的例子分不讲明这两个概念的含义及其联系。
三、目前差不多有一些现成的软件用来猜测基因组全序列中的基因。
为了设计这些软件，你觉得哪些关于基因和基因组的分子遗传学知识是必须的？请讲明理由。
四、在真核生物中转座子能够分为几种类型？请分述每种类型的结构和特征。
如何利用转座子进行分子遗传学的研究和功能基因组的研究。
五、自从克隆的多利羊诞生以来，报界经常传播所谓克隆动物的缺陷，有一种讲法是克隆动物会早衰，有人推测早衰的缘故可能是：〔1〕被克隆的体细胞核的染色体端粒变短或〔2〕被克隆的体细胞核的基因表达程序差不多处在发育上成熟的时期。
现在请你从染色体DNA 复制的角度作支持第〔1〕种可能的阐述，并从基因表达调控的角度做反对第〔2〕中可能的阐述。
中国海洋大学博士进学考试试题分子生物学2002年名词解释：基因组学基因组大小基因组复杂度基因表达正操纵顺势调控元件开放阅读框架基因芯片内含子肽核酸内含肽咨询答题：1、表达遗传中心法那么，目前在用的重要分子生物学技术有哪些？请用中心法那么解释这些技术的工作原理。
2、基因全然结构如何？〔即含有基因的DNA区域具有什么结构能使基因遗传信息传递给蛋白质？〕3、什么是遗传变异？变异的实质是什么？现在使用的分子标记系统各利用了哪些变异？基本上如何利用的？4、用哪些方法能够获得一段DNA的大量拷贝？分子克隆是获得大量拷贝的技术之一。
请对历史上使用过的和目前仍在使用的分子克隆载体做评述〔描述特点，对比异同〕5、DNA测序的方法是什么？目前在用的方法和原始方法有什么不同？有一段100千碱基对的DNA片断〔没有重复区段〕，请设计最正确测序策略。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国农业科学院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题A centrally controlled military force was the guarantee of their continuation in power, but the army was a part of the administrative organization, and it too was（）corruption.问题1选项A.more likelyB.prone toC.less likelyD.tending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项more likely“更可能的”；B选项prone to“有……倾向的”；C选项less likely“最不可能的是”；D选项tending“照顾”。
根据题意，只有“prone to易于，倾向于”符合。
A中“more likely”需要接to，构成“more likely to do sth.”才正确。
句意：虽然中央集权的武装力量是他们连续执政的保障，但是军队只是管理机构的一部分，并且它……腐2.单选题Theory and science are nurtured in material environments, and application is a powerful （）to thought. In this respect he was a great planter of ideas.问题1选项A.encouragementB.spurC.driveD.driving force【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A选项encouragement“鼓舞”；B选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；C选项drive“驱动”，常用表达：a drive to sth，D选项driving force“驱动力，推动力”，常用表达：driving force for sth，跟后面的“to”不搭，可排除D选项。
中国农科院基因工程概论历年考博试题集锦
一．名词解释： 1．CDNA 2 Ti 质粒 3. 2u 环 4. HAT 选择 5 二．问答题： 1 举例说明两种植物转基因的方法。
2 Phagmid 和 cosmid 作为载体的特点。 3 AFLF 原理及其应用。 4 双元载体的概念及构建原理。 5 Southern 吸印杂交的原理及应用。 1995 年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题同 98 年 1994 年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题 1 AP-PCR 和普通 PCR 的区别。 2 用于植物动物的基因转移方法有何区别。 3 植物基因组和动物基因组结构有何区别。 4 目前已克隆转录因子有那些，采用什么方法克隆。 5 RNA 的自我剪切有几种方法其过程。 6 获得某一基因，如何得知其功能。 7 评价转基因安全性。
4 目前已克隆转录因子有那些，采用什么方法克隆。 5 RNA 的自我剪切有几种方法其过程。 6 获得某一基因，如何得知其功能。 7 评价转基因安全性。
1998 年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题 一、什么是基因工程，基因工程在农业生产上有何意义? 二、简答:
1}聚丙烯酸胺凝胶电泳和琼脂糖凝胶电泳应用有何特点? 2、举两种植物基因转移的方法?简述其原理。 3、双脱氧法测序的原理 4、转座子标签法克隆植物基因的原理 5、Southern 印迹的基木原理，这种方法有何应用? 6、在 DNA 复制过程中会形成一种复制体（replisome）的结构，它是由哪几部分组成的? 7、Sanger 测序法的基木原理是什么?
4、酵母双杂交原理和进展 酵母双杂交系统利用杂交基因通过激活报道基因的表达探测蛋白－蛋白的相互作用。单独的 DB 虽然能和启动子结合，但是不能激活转录。而不同转录激活因子的 DB 和 AD 形成的杂 合蛋白仍然具有正常的激活转录的功能。 酵母双杂交由 Fields 在 1989 年提出. 他的产生是基于对真核细胞转录因子特别是酵母转录 因子 GAL4 性质的研究. GAL4 包括两个彼此分离的但功能必需的结构域. 位于 N 端 1-174
中国农业科学院博士入学考试英语样题.-.20171027171850
中国农业科学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题PART I Vocabulary and Grammatical Structure(25%)Section A:Vocabulary(15points)Directions:There are fifteen questions in this section.Each question is a sentence with something missing.Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose oneword or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1.Studies on cats have helped______some of the abilities of our mysterious housemates.A.lightenB.obscureC.illuminateD.cherish2.Lung cancer is the UK’s biggest cancer killer,______more than35,000lives a year.A.savingB.claimingC.demandingD.producing3.Some stereotypes of the Chinese______in the United States because of the large number ofnegative reports.A.endureB.vanishC.insistD.deteriorate4.After the marathon race,some athletes are too______to answer the reporter’s questions.A.wiped outB.figured outid outD.worn out5.The good news is that more foreigners have come to______traditional Chinese medicine.A.take inB.believe inC.turn inD.get in6.Treatments that______the immune system have shown great promise against some forms ofcancer.A.proceedB.erodeC.harnessD.precede7.A year ago there were slightly more______than jobseekers,but now there are twice as manyopenings.A.vacuumsB.vacanciesC.vacationsD.vocations8.Dogs seem to experience separation anxiety,which also indicates that they feel______to theirowners.A.hostilityB.objectionC.relianceD.attachment9.Previous research has shown that there are immediate______benefits from eating chocolate.A.cognitiveB.imaginativeC.creativepetitive10.A discovery into the genetic makeup of tumors may deliver therapies that are______toindividual patients.A.entitledB.affiliatedC.tailoredD.obliged11.A major obstacle______English learning is the profound influence of the mother tongue.A.forB.onC.toD.over12.As the vote will be______in favor of the Republican Party,Trump is getting near to thepresidency.A.deliberatelyB.overwhelminglyC.conscientiouslyD.crudely13.It takes courage to______all the opposition to the decision to have these corrupt officialsarrested.A.break downB.turn downC.let downD.shut down14.One choice has to______another when you are making a decision as to which college toattend.A.be oriented toB.be indulged inC.be coupled withD.be weighed against15.This company is constantly looking for ways to improve services______different customers.A.on behalf ofB.in case ofC.by means ofD.with a view toSection B Grammatical Structure(10points)Directions:There are twenty questions in this section.Each question is a sentence with something missing.Below each sentence are four words,phrases or grammatical structures marked A,B,C and D.Choose one that best completes the sentence.Mark the corresponding letterwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.16.About twenty years______since my parents bought this apartment in this city.A.passedB.has passedC.is passingD.have passed17.She was so busy that she left the food______last evening.A.untouchedB.being untouchedC.to be untouchedD.not touched18.Despite his repeated attempt______this test,he has never succeeded.A.of passingB.that passesC.to passD.passing19.This book is not so important as______.A.is said to beB.what is said to beC.are said to beD.which is said to be20.A college student______the four basic skills related to English learning.A.need improvingB.needs to improveC.need to improveD.needs improving21.Tom might have got the top score in physics______more careful.A.he had beenB.had he beenC.if he wereD.if he is22.My professor of biology is an amiable lady about twice______.A.my ageB.so old as meC.as my ageD.as old as my age23.An individual,______,is entitled to some constitutional rights.A.no matter rich or poorB.however rich or poorC.rich or poorD.either rich or poor24.A new library has been built in______used to be residential buildings.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what25.Regular exercise can boost your immunity______helping you look younger.A.whenB.whileC.duringD.as26.What my supervisor said to me set me______.A.thinkingB.to thinkC.thoughtD.think27.There is a growing body of evidence______nuts can benefit human health.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.where28.The first thing she has to do now is______to the manager.A.apologizesB.to apologizedC.apologyD.apologize29.My mom was thirty years old the year______I was born.A.whichB.XC.in thatD.where30.Couples who have lost their only child wish to have______child.A.the secondB.secondC.a secondD.a secondary31.The teacher tried to console this little girl,______her feel worse.A.which makingB.only to makeC.but makingD.yet to make32.It was______last weekend______I learned that she had been diagnosed with cancer.A.at…whenB.no sooner…thanC.hardly…whenD.not until…that33.We can find out more about______space via______Internet.A.X...the B.the...the C.X...X D.a (X)34.This bridge is believed______about800years ago.A.to be builtB.having builtC.to have been builtD.being built35.______in the1960s,my parents usually think differently from us.A.Being bornB.BornC.Having been bornD.To be bornPART II READING COMPREHENSION(30points)Directions:In this part of the test,there are five short passages.Read each passage carefully,and then do the questions that follow.Choose the best answer from the four choices given and markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.Passage OneImagine a world without alcohol sponsorship of sport and without drinks ads on TV.You’re imagining France,the country with a heavy drinking rate one sixth that of Ireland.It’s a country where there is a genuinely sensible and mature approach to alcohol–with a range of regulationsfor the alcohol industry.To be certain,people drink in France–there is alcoholism and serious issues for public health there,just as in other societies where alcohol is available–but in France,the trend is downward and heavy drinking isn’t a group activity where getting drunk is the objective.The drinks industry in Ireland is pitilessly efficient and deeply rational–like any multi-billion euro industry,knowing how to get people to drink more,how to grow a market,howto cultivate the next generation of drinkers and how to put them on the value addition conveyor belt.The economics of drinking is strikingly obvious.A massive diversity of products at a massively wide range of prices,with a staggering diversity of lifestyle messages and marketing approaches to segment and divide the market.We start with the young drinkers,who don’t have a whole lot of money–for young men there’re the thin aluminum can beers which promise European sophistication and precious metals.For the ladies there are the lighter alcopops and coolers,which promise to have one laugh uncontrollably into the night with your equally attractive mid-twenties friends,often with a three-for-two offer.The next stage in the process is to get the drinker into the bottled beers and shift the ladies towards whiskey.In the summer,everyone is encouraged to dedicate time to quenching the thirst with juice–and to move on from there.At each life stage there is a higher-value drink product targeted at our aspirations and an encouragement to get some of the good life.The drinks industry reminds us to tame our animal side with a trip to their website saying that‘enjoying a drink may be part of Irish culture…’and,at the start of an article on the possible health benefits of cutting down on alcohol,states:“Lots of people associate moderate drinking with relaxation and fun.”The drinks industry needs young drinkers–it cultivates drinkers as early as possible,but it cultivates partners and harvests goodwill as well.36.Which of the following statements is true about France?A.Sport can be sponsored by alcohol producers.B.There are no TV commercials related to alcohol.C.No one consumes an excessive amount of alcohol.D.There are no strict regulations for the alcohol industry.37.The underlined words in Paragraph3imply that the drinks industry in Ireland______.A.tries to make money by illegal meansB.cares about the health of consumersC.is good at boosting sales of alcoholD.has enjoyed quite high productivity38.Paragraph Four and Five are focused on______the drinks industry.A.health benefits associated withB.the economics employed byC.the wide range of products ofD.various lifestyle messages from39.The drinks industry has been working hard to increase its sales by______.A.encouraging consumers to use the same drink productB.telling consumers the truth about the harm of alcoholC.matching each stage of life with a particular type of drinkD.targeting at young drinkers exclusively and relentlessly40.The central idea of this passage is that in Ireland______.A.alcoholism is a serious social problem tB.the drinks industry cares about sales,not youC.there is an abundant supply of drink productsD.people should learn from their French neighbors41.The author’s tone in writing this passage is______.A.ironicB.supportiveC.appreciativeD.objective Passage TwoJulie Lythcott-Haims noticed a disturbing trend during her decade as the former dean of freshmen at Stanford University.Incoming students were brilliant and accomplished and virtually flawless,on paper.But with each year,more of them seemed incapable of taking care of themselves.At the same time,parents were becoming increasingly involved in their children’s lives.They talked to their children multiple times a day and rushed in to personally intervene whenever something difficult happened.Lythcott-Haims came to believe that parents in wealthy communities have been hindering their children by trying so hard to protect the children from any disappointment,failure and hardship.Such“over-helping”might assist children in developing impressive résumés for college applications,but it also deprives them of the chance to learn who they are,what they love and how to navigate the world,she argues in her book.“We want so badly to help them by shepherding them from milestone to milestone and by shielding them from failure and pain.But over-helping is devastating,”she writes.“It can leave young adults without the strengths of skill,will and character that are needed to know themselves and to craft a life.”“Don’t call me a parenting expert,”she said in an interview.“I’m interested in humans’thriving,and it turns out that over-parenting is getting in the way.”She cites statistics on the rise of depression and other mental health problems among the young people.She has seen the effects up close:she lives in a community that,following a string of suicides in the past year,has undertaken a period of soul-searching about what parents can do to stem the pressure that young people face.Her book tour is taking her to more school auditoriums and parent groups than bookstores. She tells stories about over-involvement and shares statistics about problems in young people, which she hopes will spark change in communities where helicopter parents are making themselves and their children miserable.“Our job as a parent is to put ourselves out of a job,”she said.“We need to know that our children are able to get up in the morning and take care of themselves.”And how can parents help their children become self-sufficient?Teach them the skills they’ll need in real life and make sure they practice those skills on their own.And have them do chores.“Chores build a sense of accountability.They build life skills and a work ethic,”she said.42.According to this passage,many students failed to take care of themselves______.A.because of excessive school assignmentsB.due to low IQ and limited book knowledgeC.for lack of skills needed in real lifeD.for lack of care and love from parents43.Over-helping can possibly help children to______.A.grow up more quicklyB.enter better collegesC.take care of themselvesD.face up to failure or agony44.The underlined word“devastating”in Paragraph Four probably means______.A.harmfulB.indispensableC.non-existentD.beneficial45.Which of the following is NOT true about Lythcott-Haims?A.She has given many lectures on over-involvement.B.She thinks over-parenting can drive human prosperity.C.She believes over-involvement cause mental problems.D.She hopes to see much less helicopter parenting.46.Lythcott-Haims suggests that parents do the following EXCEPT______.A.ask children to do choresB.give children more freedomC.quit jobs and stay at homeD.teach children life skills47.This passage aims to explain______.A.why helicopter parenting is ruining childrenB.which is the best approach to parenting childrenC.what children can learn from successful parentsD.how over-involvement can benefit childrenPassage ThreeTeams have become the basic building-blocks of organizations.Recruitment ads routinely call for“team players”.Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects.Office managers knock down walls to encourage team-building.Numerous companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on it,and restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.Companies are abandoning functional silos and organizing employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products,problems or customers,with more power to run their own affairs and more time to work with each other rather than reporting upwards.A network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.However,teams are not always the answer—teams may provide more insight,creativity and knowledge,but teamwork may also lead to confusion,delay and poor decision-making.It is noted that teams are hindered by problems of coordination and motivation that erode the benefits of collaboration.High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered.Groupthink may be unavoidable.Less than10%of the supposed members agree on who exactly is on the team.Agreeing on its purpose is harder.Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage.Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.This is hard to achieve when,as is now the case in many big firms,a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors.Teamwork improves with time:73%of the incidents in a civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together.Companies need to think harder about managing teams to keep teams small and focused.A new study finds that the best way to ensure employees are“engaged”is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.However,organizations need to ask themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply:Deloitte reports that only12%of the executives understand the way people work together in networks and only21%feel capable of building cross-functional teams.Slackly managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or in noisy offices.Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.48.It can be concluded from the first paragraph that______.A.team players can easily enter better collegesB.team building will probably be short-livedC.team-building is getting increasingly popularD.team players are likely to be business leaders49.According to this passage,teams are characterized by______.A.many functional silosB.more efficient coordinationC.better decision-makingD.autonomy and collaboration50.All the following statements are problems with teams EXCEPT______.A.Team membership is hard to determineB.Too many firms have a common cultureC.Individuals’abilities are ignoredD.Team building can be risky51.The main idea of Paragraph Five is that______.A.new pilots are more prone to accidentsB.teams are currently difficult to manageC.a common culture is shared in big firmsD.teamwork depends on temporary contractors52.The author argues in the last paragraph that______.A.the number of teams should be increasedB.excellence mostly results from teamworkC.different jobs require different teamsD.teams are not suitable for some jobs53.This passage is primarily concerned with______.A.the contributions of teams to companiesB.disadvantages of working in teamsC.different ways to improve teamworkD.the reasons for the popularity of teamsPassage FourOn the surface,shopping online seems environmentally friendly:it eliminates car trips and carbon emissions.But what about the emissions from fleets of delivery vehicles bringing orders to houses?Delivery trucks also contribute substantially to the burden of PM2.5,which is associated with many effects on human health.Researchers recently conducted a survey of downtown Newark residents’shopping habits and preferences to calculate the quantity of goods purchased online.They also used the information from delivery companies about the number of trucks on the road and the number of packages per truck to determine how many delivery trucks are required to distribute home shopping purchases.Finally,the researchers used transportation simulation software and data fromlocal transportation authorities to determine the effect of delivery trucks on the transportation network,focusing on an area of downtown Newark that includes a portion of the university’s campus.They conducted similar analyses in2001,at the dawn of the online shopping era,and again in2008.Curiously,the2008data suggested that home shopping in Newark had grown by only14.8% since2001.That’s much less than the researchers predicted in their earlier study.It also contrasts with data from other researchers showing that internet shopping increased six-fold between2001 and2011.This is an unexpected finding.However,a large proportion of their survey respondents were university students,and the convenience of internet shopping may appeal more to people who are running a household.Also,the researchers’latest data are from2008,which suggests that their study underestimates the effect of home shopping on the transportation network.In any case,the researchers found that even though home shopping by residents of Newark grew more slowly than anticipated,traffic in2008was worse than they had predicted,for more home shopping purchases increase travel time,traffic delays,and vehicle emissions of the transportation network.While some previous studies suggest that e-commerce is associated with lower carbon emissions than traditional retail,other researchers have warned of a“rebound effect,”which occurs when gains in efficiency merely stimulate new consumption.Something similar may be going on in Newark,the results suggest.“We found that the total number of vehicles miles travelled hasn’t decreased at all with the growth of online shopping,”says study leader Arde Faghri.“This suggests that people are using the time saved by Internet shopping to do things like eating out at restaurants,going to the movies, or visiting friends.”54.According to the first paragraph,the author______.A.doubts the environmental friendliness of online shoppingB.believes in the benefit of online shopping to the environmentC.insists that delivery trucks can reduce the emission of PM2.5D.associates online shopping with better human health55.The ultimate goal of the survey mentioned in Paragraph Two was to______.A.trace the effects of online shopping on transportation networksB.calculate the total annual amount of goods purchased onlineC.determine the number and load of delivery trucks for online purchasespare the difference in the data on online shopping56.The unexpected finding mentioned in Paragraph Four refers to the finding that______.A.many of the survey respondents were university studentsB.housewives are normally more interested in online shoppingC.home shopping in Newark grew more slowly than anticipatedD.internet shopping increased six-fold between2001and201157.The researchers might have come to the conclusion that______.A.online shopping has decreased the emission of greenhouse gasesB.people are cutting down on driving thanks to online shoppingC.the popularity of online shopping should be discouragedD.online shopping fails to reduce traffic jam and carbon emissions58.The results of the survey by Arde Faghri suggest that in Newark______.A.a“rebound effect”is probably taking placeB.online shopping is being replaced by other entertainmentsC.online shopping has reduced people’s daily spendingD.supermarkets or malls are gradually disappearing59.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A.Current Trends of Online Shopping.B.How Green Is Online Shopping?C.Why Online Shopping Is Getting Popular?D.Benefits of Online Shopping to Human Health.Passage FiveEveryone in the UK seems to agree that recorded crime is decreasing.This is one of the arguments the government is using to justify its savage cuts in police budgets.All we have to do now is to get the police more efficient–working smarter,making better use of IT.Reduction in crime means we don’t need so many police officers.This belief is based on a false premise.Recorded crime is declining,but that’s largely due to the fact that crime has moved from the physical world to cyberspace or the Internet:cybercrime is much safer and more appealing.The rewards are much greater,and the risks of being caught and convicted are vanishingly small.So if you’re a rational criminal with a reasonable IQ,why would you bother robbing people,breaking into houses,stealing cars and doing all the other things that old-style crooks do–and that old-style cops are good at catching them doing?Each senior police officer believes that cybercrime has been at alarming levels but none seems confident that our law enforcement system can deal with it.These views are supported by the experiences of the5%of UK internet users who have been the victims of various cybercrime; they report a variety of responses–almost none of them helpful–from the local police forces to whom they turn for help.One good reason is that the criminals are hard to identify or turn out to be operating abroad. Other reasons include bureaucratic inertia,lack of technical knowledge and a shortage of resources,which means that cybercrime receives lower priority than other,more urgent, responsibilities.Or simply the fact that officers often don’t take it seriously.It’s exceedingly difficult to measure accurately,for a variety of reasons–the spectrum of wrongdoing,the fact that much of it is under-reported and widely distributed,and the high cost that includes not only the actual damage done,but the costs of self-protection and the costs of clearing up after an attack.And then there are the opportunity costs:for example,security software used by online merchants typically rejects4.3%of orders out of fear of fraud,even though many of those potential orders are in fact genuine.The reality we face is that cybercrime is vast and flourishing.But do not expect to hear much about it in the election.What we actually need are more policemen on the net.60.Police budgets will be cut down in the UK because of the belief that______.A.recorded crime is decliningB.the police will become more efficientC.high-technology will be usedD.cybercrime cases need fewer police officers61.Paragraph Two is mainly concerned with______.A.whether recorded crime is decreasingB.how criminals commit crimes onlineC.what is the risk facing cybercrimeD.why cybercrime is increasing62.It can be concluded from Paragraph Three that______.A.no one asks the police for help in case of cybercrimeB.cybercriminals have connections with the policeC.cybercrime has not been effectively tackledD.the police have gained experience in fighting cybercrime63.The rate of cybercrime is quite high in the UK for the following reasons EXCEPT______.A.inefficient law enforcement agenciesB.fake ID cards used widely by criminalsC.limited expertise and resourcesD.inadequate attention paid to cybercrime64.Paragraph Five implies that online companies______.pensate for customers’loss in case of cybercrimeB.are more vulnerable to the attack by cybercriminalsC.have paid much money for catching cybercriminalsD.may suffer financially from the security software65.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?A.Good news–recorded crime is declining in the UK.B.How high-tech is used in cybercrime.C.These days crime doesn’t pay unless it’s done online.D.The important role of the police in fighting crime.PART III Cloze test(15points)Directions:There are fifteen questions in this part of the test.Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A,B,C,or D for each blank in the passage.Mark the corresponding letter of theword or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.Free schools are flourishing in the UK.More than400free schools have either opened or been approved to open across England___66___.These schools have been made___67___by the hundreds of teachers,parents and charities working in their own time to go through a___68___ application process to bring their___69___of a new school to life.___70___these schools proving so popular,parents and groups continue to come forward in significant numbers to set them up.The government’s___71___to expand the program with another new500schools is___72___a logical next step.Importantly these schools are already making a(n)___73___to the education of thousands of pupils around the country.Over70%of those inspected have been___74___good or outstandingby inspectors,and___75___they are being opened where they are most needed.There are far more free schools in___76___local communities than in wealthy___77___.Obviously free schools can play a role in___78___the current shortage of school places.For free schools to continue to have the biggest___79___,they must be allowed to bring in new ideas and challenge existing schools in areas where low___80___have been accepted for far too long.66.A.by far B.so far C.in turn D.at first67.A.difficult B.impossible C.extinct D.possible68.A.rigorous B.prosperous C.hazardous D.populous69.A.myth B.attitude C.access D.vision70.A.For B.With C.Among D.Despitemitment B.importance C.objection D.cancellation72.A.in many ways B.on one hand C.by no means D.at one time73.A.sacrifice B.impression C.influence D.difference74.A.regarded B.judged C.operated D.decided75.A.undesirably B.substantially C.critically D.notoriously76.A.convicted B.deprived C.deserted D.invaded77.A.neighborhoods B.lives C.merchants D.schools78.A.addressing B.enhancing C.integrating D.intending79.A.expense B.impact C.consequence D.conclusion80.A.incomes B.spirits C.standards D.pricesPART IV Translation(15points)Directions:Put the following passage into English and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多得多，原因是英语学习需要泛读、经常复习和高效方法。
2023年广东省农业科学院第二批招考聘用博士强化练习题(二)
2023年广东省农业科学院第二批招考聘用博士强化练习题(二)1、多选题通讯与消息的不同表此刻_____。
A: 时效性B: 真实性C: 篇幅方式D: 表达方式参考答案: ACD本题诠释:【答案】ACD。
解析：通讯和消息都是新闻题材，都具有真实性。
它们的不同表此刻：（1）时效性，消息的时效性要求比通讯的更高。
（2）内容，消息的内容要比通讯的更加广泛。
（3）篇幅，消息的篇幅一般较短，通讯一般篇幅较长。
（4）表达方式，消息多用叙述，通讯是以叙述为主，辅以描写、抒情、议论等。
（5）语言分析，消息写作主题采纳第三人称叙事，通讯则可运用第一、二、三人称各显所长。
故本题答案选ACD。
第1题所属考点-题库原题2、单选题领导的法定权力又被称为_____。
A: 政治权力B: 强制权力C: 位置权力D: 专场权力参考答案: C本题诠释:【答案】C。
解析:位置权力又称职权，是由组织领导者的地位决定的一种具有强制性的法定权力。
它有明确的范围，权力因地位不同而变化。
故本題答案选C。
第2题所属考点-题库原题3、单选题二十世纪八九十时期，两极格局解体，世界格局向多极化进步。
中国不但经受住了考验，而且进步成具有广泛影响的世界性大国。
这一时期中国在内政外交上取得的重大成就和政策有_____。
①从规划经济向市场经济过渡②恢复中国在联合国的合法席位③对香港、澳门恢复行使主权④反对霸权主义，维护世界和平A: ①②③B: ②③④C: ①③④D: ①②④参考答案: C本题诠释:参考答案:C【解析】1971年10月25日，联合国大会通过恢复新中国在联合国合法席位的2758号决议，而题目要求的是“二十世纪八九十时期”这一期间，故②不选。
第3题所属考点-题库原题4、单选题甲属于某国有企业的财务人员，私自动用了一笔数额较大的公款用于炒股，一个月后被领导发现，其行为属于_____。
A: 滥用职权罪B: 职务侵占罪C: 贪污罪D: 调用公款罪参考答案: D本题诠释:【答案】D。
2023年中国农科院历年考博试题汇总
中国农科院历年考博基因工程概论试题2023年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题一、简答题1、聚丙烯酰胺、琼脂糖在dna电泳中的区别是什么？2、举出动物转基因的两种方法，并说明其原理。
3、双脱氧法测序的原理。
4、以拟南芥或玉米为例，说明转座子标签法进行基因转移的原理。
5、southern印迹的原理及应用。
三、试论述植物基因工程研究进展以及在农业生产上的意义。
2023年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题一、名词解释1、限制性内切酶2、同裂酶3、核酶4、2μ环5、hat选择6、ti质粒7、t-dna8、同功trna9、反义trna 10、有义链11、α互补12、基因文库13、cdna 14、染色体步查二．简答题01、举两种植物基因转移的方法?简述其原理。
2、southern印迹的基本原理，这种方法有何应用。
3、噬菌体与cos作载体有何区别？4、aflp的原理及其应用5、普通pcr与rapd有何区别，何谓普通pcr？6、何谓双元载体，简述其组装过程及其作用机理？三、判断题1、无论用哪种转化方法均可用pbr322作载体2、进入细菌的外来dna之所以被降解，是由于细菌只修饰自身dna，不修饰外来dna3、只有粘粒端才可以被连接起来4、用自身作引物合成的cdna链，往往cdna并不完整1998年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题一、什么是基因工程，基因工程在农业生产上有何意义？二、简答：1、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂糖凝胶电泳应用有何特点？2、举两种植物基因转移的方法?简述其原理。
3、双脱氧法测序的原理4、转座子标签法克隆植物基因的原理5、southern印迹的基本原理，这种方法有何应用？6、在dna复制过程中会形成一种复制体（replisome）的结构，它是由哪几部分组成的？7、sanger测序法的基本原理是什么？1999年中国农科院博士入学基因工程概论试题一．名词解释：1．cdna 2 ti质粒3. 2u环4. hat选择5 a互补6 yac 7 转导8 基因文库9 限制性内切酶10 染色体步查二．问答题：1 举例说明两种植物转基因的方法。
13-15年考博试题 中国农业科学院真题
2014年传染病一．名词解释：(英文)每个三分1.放线杆菌.2地方性流行和大流行，3.反向遗传学，4.单抗，5.马流感，6，狂犬和伪狂犬，7，埃希菌属，8，新发传染病和重新出现传染病9.Actinokaciclus放线杆菌属10.致病性大肠杆菌二．简答题：1.简述造成猪繁殖障碍的疾病及病原；10分2.从传染源角度简述造成仔猪腹泻的原因；20分。
从传染病角度分析猪流行性腹泻病因3.简述基因工程标记疫苗，用于一种传染病控制净化的策略。
利用基因工程疫苗手段控制或消灭一种传染病20分4.对猪，鸡具有致病性的流感病毒亚型？及致病特点？致病性猪流感和禽流感主要亚型以及致病特征20分2013传染病一．名词解释：1.天然免疫，2.Eqine infectious anemia (马传贫)，3，Tuberculosi (结核病)，4，Reticuloendotheliosis REV (禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒)，5，endemic;enzootic(地方流行性) pandemic(大流行); 6，Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases新发与再发传染病，7.Seroconversation (血清转化)，8.Bovine infectious rhinotracheitis（牛传染性鼻气管炎），9，二．简答题：1.为什么说猪是流感病毒的“混合器”的分子机理；2.列出几种免疫抑制性疾病；（2005年考PRRS,圆环II型，猪气喘病-肺炎支原体）3.病毒性传染病易发生毒力和血清型变异，列出2-3种疾病的致病性特点；（2002年考）4.什么是标记疫苗？如何设计利用标记疫苗消灭或控制一种传染病。
2014年免疫一．名词解释：1.补体：是存在于正常人和动物血清与组织液中的一组经活化后具有酶活性的蛋白质。
可辅助和补充特异性抗体，介导免疫溶菌、溶血作用。
2．细胞因子：免疫细胞及组织细胞分泌在细胞间发挥作用的一类小分子可溶性多肽蛋白质，通过结合相应受体调节细胞生长、分化和效应，调控免疫应答。
2023年农科院博士考试高级植物病理学试题
一、名词解释〔10 分〕1.CFU/ml〔1 分〕：每毫升样品中含有的细菌群落总数.2.基因对基因学说〔2 分〕在寄主植物中把握抗病性和感病性的基因与病原菌中把握无毒性和毒性的基因相互对应。
针对寄主植物的每一个抗病基因，病原菌迟早也会消灭一个相对应的毒性基因。
毒性基因只有抑制其相对应的抗病基因，才能表现毒性反响。
3.过敏性坏死反响〔2 分〕植物对非亲和性病原物侵染表现高度敏感的现象。
受侵细胞及其邻近细胞快速坏死，病原物受到遏制或被杀死，或被封锁在枯死的组织中。
4.植物病害的种,生理小种〔2 分〕种是生物分类学上最根底的分类单位。
它具有遗传特征的稳定性，又存在确定的变异范围，是由一个模式个体为根底，连同一些具有一样性状的个体共同组成的群体。
生理小种是同种病原物的不同群体，在形态上没有什么区分，在生理生化特性、培育特征和致病性等方面存在差异。
一般状况下，不同的生理小种对同种作物不同品种的致病性不同。
5.革兰氏染色〔2 分〕用于细菌的观看和鉴定。
其主要过程是将细菌固定，用结晶紫和碘液染色，用酒精脱色，假设不褪色即仍为紫色则为革兰氏阳性菌；假设呈红色则为革兰氏阴性菌。
革兰氏染色反映了细菌的组成和构造等本质上的区分，所以是细菌分类上的一个重要特征。
6.植物病程〔1 分〕病原物的侵染过程，即病原物与寄主植物可侵染部位接触，并侵入寄主植物，在植物体内生殖和扩展，然后发生致病作用，显示病害病症的过程，也是植物个体患病病原物侵染后的发病过程。
二、多项选择题〔5 分〕三、依据拉丁文或英文缩写写出中文〔10 个，5 分〕四、简答题〔40 分，5 分*8〕1.绘制田间病害调查表。
2.柯赫氏法则。
柯赫氏法则是确定某种微生物是侵染性病害病原物时必需遵守的原则。
其要点是：〔1〕在病植物上常伴有一种病原微生物的存在；（2）该微生物可在离体或人工培育的条件下分别纯化而得到纯培育；（3）将纯培育接种到一样品种的健株上，消灭病症一样的病害；病害名称 小麦条锈病 小麦叶锈病 小麦秆锈病 叶片为主，也可危害叶 叶片为主，也可危害叶 茎秆、叶鞘为主，也可危 危害部位 鞘、茎秆、穗部 鞘、茎秆 害叶片和穗部 为害时期 最早 中间 最晚 较小，椭圆形，黄色，沿 较小，圆形或近圆形，橘 最大，长椭圆形，红褐 夏孢子堆 叶脉成行排列，表皮裂开 红色，不规章散生，表皮 色，排列不规章，表皮破 后散出黄色绣粉状物 裂开后，散出黄褐色粉末 裂后散出锈褐色夏孢子 黑褐色、扁平、短线条 黑色，椭圆形，散生或排 黑色，大斑，长椭圆形或 冬孢子堆 状，不裂开 列成条状，不裂开 长条形，裂开（4） 从接种发病的寄主上再分别到其纯培育物，性状与接种物一样。
中国农业科学院博士研究生预防兽医学入学试题近5年考题
.中国农业科学院博士研究生预防兽医学入学试题近5年考题20XX年传染病1．兽医生物安全措施包括哪些内容？2疯牛病的诊断方法3．猪瘟强毒的鉴别实验4．写出下列病原和传播媒介乙胞，马传贫，莱母病，蓝舌病，非洲猪瘟5．试述鸡白痢的微生物学诊断方法和净化措施。
问答1．高致病性AIV的诊断和确诊？我国公布的省市？提出近期和远期防治措施2．PRRS的流行特点和防治策略20XX年传染病,1．高致病性AIV的控制措施2．简述引起猪繁殖障碍的四种疾病及其区别（病原学，流行病学，剖检）3．简述引起鸡呼吸系统疾病的四种疾病及其区别4．简述引起鸡免疫抑制的四种疾病及其区别论述1．三种分子生物学诊断方法及其应用2．如果你在实验室新分离出一种病原微生物，你将从哪几个方面去研究？3．人畜共患病不断出现的原因和措施一、名词解释1、抗原肽2、TNF3、MHC4、毒力岛5、REASSORTMENT6、MAC7、核酸疫苗8、朊病毒9、条件致死性突变株二、简答1、确定病院微生物的致病性的柯赫氏法则的要点2、B淋巴细胞表面抗原标志BCR组成及其作用3、单克隆抗体制备过程4、正粘病毒组成和基因组结构5、胞内菌感染参与的免役因素6、病毒分类的机构和依据三、1．PRRS产生免役抑制，你认为从何入手说明PRRS对巨噬细胞免役抑制的影响的分子机制（基本研究内容，基本路线，方法手段，结果结论意义）2．进行动物病毒分子流行病学研究的方法及其应用一名词解释（3分X10个）抗原漂移持续性感染慢病毒感染流氏细胞术亚病毒朊病毒缺陷性干扰颗粒（注意考题均为英文给出，先翻译后解释）二简答：1。
负链RNA病毒复制过程（5分）2。
内源性抗原和外源性抗原递呈过程（5分）3。
沙门氏菌的鉴定流程（10分）三问答1。
有些疾病一定要用基因工程疫苗来预防，试举2到3例并解释原因。
2。
PRRSV 能引起免疫抑制，试设计试验证明之。
20XX年兽医传染病（20分X5个）1．针对疯牛病我国应采取的国策2．以新城疫和喘气病为例介绍对这两类疾病的不同对策。
2023年山东省农业科学院招考聘用工作人员(博士)模拟题(二)_1
2023年山东省农业科学院招考聘用工作人员(博士)模拟题(二)1、判断题陈独秀右倾投降主义的理论基础是两步走理论。
_____参考答案:错误第1题所属考点-《中共党史》2、单选题公众参与是实现可持续发展的一个重要方面，下面的公众行为符合可持续发展思想的是_____。
①使用公共交通工具②追求计算机的更新换代③垃圾分类回收利用④农田灌溉采用大水漫灌⑤自备篮子买菜A:①③⑤B:②③⑤C:③④⑤D:②③④参考答案:A本题解释:【答案】A。
解析：可持续发展指在保护环境的条件下既满足当代人的需求，又不损害后代人的需求的发展方式。
提倡节约资源，杜绝挥霍浪费型消费。
故本题答案选A。
第2题所属考点-题库原题3、单选题根据《婚姻法》的相关规定，我国法定结婚年龄为：男性不得早于_____周岁和女性不得早于_____周岁。
A:1820B:2220C:2018D:2523参考答案:B本题解释:【答案】B。
解析：（婚姻法>第6条规定，结婚年龄，男不得早于二十二周岁，女不得早于二十周岁。
晚婚晚育应予鼓励。
故本題答案选B。
第3题所属考点-题库原题4、单选题太阳风暴是指太阳因能量增加而向空间释放大量高速运行的_____，它们可能对短波无线电信号的传播造成严重影响。
A:带电粒子流B:热气流C:电磁场D:陨石参考答案:A本题解释:【答案】A。
解析：太阳风暴是指从太阳上层大气射出的超高速等离子体（带电粒子）流。
这些带电粒子到达地球后会迅速扰乱地球磁场，可以造成通讯系统、GPS卫星失灵，被扰乱的磁场会在远距离输电线中产生电流，这些电流可能造成电网瘫痪。
故本题答案选A。
第4题所属考点-题库原题5、单选题行政管理活动的出发点和归宿是_____。
A:行政目标B:行政任务C:行政效率D:行政规定参考答案:A本题解释:【答案】A。
解析：行政目标是行政管理活动的出发点和归宿。
故本题答案选A。
第5题所属考点-题库原题6、单选题社会主义之所以高于并优于资本主义最终要体现在_____。
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2001年微生物学与免疫学：
一名词解释（3分X10个）
抗原漂移持续性感染慢病毒感染流氏细胞术亚病毒朊病毒缺陷性干扰颗粒
（注考题均为英文给出，先翻译后解释）
二简答：
1。
负链RNA病毒复制过程（5分）
2。
内源性抗原和外源性抗原递呈过程（5分）
3。
沙门氏菌的鉴定流程（10分）
三问答
1。
有些疾病一定要用基因工程疫苗来预防，试举2到3例并解释原因。
2。
PRRSV能引起免疫抑制，试设计试验证明之。
2001年兽医传染病
针对疯牛病我国应采取的国策
以新城疫和喘气病为例介绍对这两类疾病的不以对策
我国兽医防疫水平不高，表现在哪些方面
从兽医防疫角度，谈谈引种应注意的几个问题
谈谈规模化养殖场免疫程序的制定及其评价标准
2002年中国农业大学博士研究生入学考试试题
预防兽医学专业：微生物学与免疫学
一．名词解释：
1.Spike（线突，）表型混合RFLP 感染性cDNA 超抗原核酸疫苗免
疫识别Blocking-ELISA
二．问答：
1．写出病毒属于哪一科：鸡CA V，IBDV，ILTV，兔病毒出血症病毒，鸭瘟病毒。
2．PRRSV的结构特点
3．APC有哪些？各自有什么功能？
4．从分子水平阐述抗体结构多样性？
5．鉴定病毒的依据有哪些？
三．论述
1．构建基因工程活载体疫苗的设计方法？
2．分子生物学技术在动物病毒学流行病研究中的应用。
从免疫应答的分子及细胞学角度说一说弱毒活疫苗与灭活疫苗的差异。
中国农业科学院预防兽医学2003年微生物与免疫考博试题
一名词解释（20分，每题2分）Tz9; hr
1．回复突变2．Prion 3．Infectious nucleio acid 4．MAC 5．Cytokine 6．重构型抗体7．CTL 8．溶原化9．内源性抗原10．合胞体E|fELq
二、简述题（30分）jT0L+
1．缺损病毒有哪些形式？有何生物学意文？（4分）#Lf #|@BW
2．微RNA病毒科有几个属，各写出一种兽医上重要的动物病毒。
（3分）vunKVaa(W<
3．病毒的持续性感染有哪些类型？各有何特点？（4分|Bvn"r
4．动脉炎病毒科的成员有哪些？举例说明其结构蛋白的组成（6分）yX GFY
5．简述参与抗胞内菌感染的特异性细胞免疫的因素及其功能。
（6分）G{##Ev1
6．抗体产生的初次应答和再次应答各有何特点？在免疫防制工作中有何实际指导意义（7分）0T)wIPMk
三、问答题（50分）(u1-7>B
1．简述各种分子生物学诊断技术的原理并举例说明在动物病毒病诊断中的应用（15分）Z<>
2003年中国农业大学考博试题
微生物试题
1 名词解释：
prion 感染性核酸回复突变CTL MAC 合胞体溶原化重组抗体cytokine
2 简答：
缺损病毒微RNA病毒属共有几个科，各种的代表病毒
动脉炎病毒属蛋白特性内源性抗原
胞内菌相关的细胞内免疫抗体产生的动力学
3 论述
阻断ELISA的原理，技术路线，操作，判定
分子生物学诊断技术
外源性抗原的加工过程。