冲压成形的研究方法Methods-to-study-stamping-forming毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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冲压成型的方法和案例

冲压成型的方法和案例

冲压工艺工序综述冲压工艺是通过模具对毛坯施加外力,使之产生塑性变形或分离,从而活得一定尺寸、形状和性能的工件的加工方法。

冲压工艺的应用范围十分广泛,既可以加工金属板料、棒料,也可以加工多种非金属材料。

由于加工通常是在常温下进行的,故又称为冷冲压。

冲压加工的冲压件的形状、尺寸和表面质量是由模具保证的,所以在大量生产中可以获得稳定的加工质量,可以满足一般的装配和使用要求。

冲压加工可通过使材料变形制造复杂形状的工件,这是其他工艺方法难以实现的。

冲压加工具有很高的生产率。

一般在一台冲压设备上每分钟可以生产中小尺寸工件几件到几十件,高速冲床可达几百件,这是其他任何加工方法都无法实现的。

此外,冲压加工所用坯料是板材或卷料,通常又是在常温下加工,故易于实现机械化与自动化,可大幅度地提高生产率。

冲压加工成本低,在大量生产中采用冲压工艺加工板料工件是最经济的工艺方法。

以冲裁为例,一般冲裁模的寿命可达几百万次,硬质合金冲裁模的寿命可达几千万次至亿次;其次,冲压生产的材料利用率较高,一般可达70%~85%,故可极大地降低冲压件的生产成本。

冲压工艺与冲压设备正在不断地发展,特别是精密冲压。

高速冲压、多工位自动冲压一集液压成形、超塑性冲压等各种冲压工艺的迅速发展,把冲压的技术水平提高到了一个新高度。

新型模具材料的采用和钢结合金、硬质合金模具的推广,模具各种表面处理技术的发展,冲压设备和模具结构的改善及其精度的提高,显著地延长了模具的寿命和扩大了冲压加工的工艺范围。

由于冲压工艺具有生产率高、质量稳定、成本低已经可加工复杂性状工件等一系列有点,在机械、汽车、轻功、国防、电机电器、家用电器,已经日常生活用品等行业应用非常广泛。

占有十分重要的地位。

随着工业产品的不断发展和生产技术水平的不断提高,冲压模具作为各部门的重要基础工艺装备将起到越来越大的作用。

冲压工艺可分为分离工序与成形工序两大类。

分离工序是将冲压件或毛坯沿一定的轮廓线与板料分离。

板料的冲压成型特性研究

板料的冲压成型特性研究

板料的冲压成型特性研究摘要:讨论了板料的冲压成型特性,介绍了4种不同的冲压成型方式及冲压成型原理,归纳了冲压成型过程的4种研究方法,给出了研究冲压成型过程的理论体系及发展前景。

关键词:冲压;板料;成型方法1 引言冲压是通过模具使板料产生塑性变形从而得到成品零件的一种塑性成型方法。

冲压通常在常温状态下进行,所以也称作冷冲压。

热冲压只用于当板料厚度超过8~100mm的时候才使用。

冲压用的金属材料通常为板料或带料,因此也称作板料成型。

一些非金属材料(如夹板,云母片,石棉,皮革)也可以采用冲压成型。

冲压广泛的用于金属制品业的各个领域,在汽车、仪表、军工和家用电器等工业中占有极其重要的地位。

冲压需要考虑工艺,设备和模具这三个基本问题。

板料冲压的特点如下:(1)材料利用率高;(2)可以加工复杂形状的薄壁零件;(3)冲压件在形状和尺寸精度上的互换性好;(4)可以得到质量轻,强度高和刚性好的零件;(5)生产率高,易操作并且容易实现机械化和自动化;冲压模具的成本高,因此只适合于大批量生产。

对于小批量和多品种的制品生产,采用简单冲压模及新型设备如冲压加工中心,来满足市场的需求。

金属板料冲压的材料包括低碳钢、铜、铝、镁合金和高塑性的合金钢等。

冲压成型设备包括有剪床和冲床。

前者是将板料剪成具有一定宽度的条料,以便以后的冲压。

后者用来剪切和成形。

2 冲压成型的特性冲压成型有多种方法,有不同的形式和名称。

但这些方法塑性变形的本质是相似的。

冲压成型有以下几个非常突出的特点:(1)垂直于板面单位面积上的力虽然不大但足以在板面方向上使材料产生塑性变形。

这个垂直于板面单位面积上的力远小于板面方向的内应力,所以大多数的冲压变形都可以近似的当作平面应力状态来处理,使其变形力学的分析和工艺参数的计算等都得到很大程度的简化。

(2)基于板料毛坯的相对厚度小,在压应力下的抗不稳定性比较弱,因而,在没有抗不稳定性的装置(如压边装置)下,冲压成型过程就很难进行下去,因此以拉应力为主的冲压成型过程多于以压应力为主的冲压成型过程。

冲压成形的研究方法Methods-to-study-stamping-forming毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

冲压成形的研究方法Methods-to-study-stamping-forming毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目:冲压成形的研究方法文献、资料英文题目:Methods to study stamping forming 文献、资料来源:文献、资料发表(出版)日期:院(部):专业:班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:翻译日期: 2017.02.14冲压成形的研究方法冲压成形的研究工作,就是在正确而深入的了解冲压成形过程的基础上,认识冲压成形过程中的各种规律性内容,并把它运用于解决冲压生产中出现的各种实际问题。

目前在冲压成形方面开展的研究工作领域十分广泛,而采用的研究的方法也各有特色。

但是从本质上可以把所有的冲压研究工作概括成以下几种类型。

正规的规范化类型的理论研究工作。

在这种理论研究工作中,把设备与模具的作用,根据变形金属多晶体微观结构的实际情况,分解成作用力的微观成分,使其作用在金属的微观结构上,研究金属微观结构的变形行为,最终将这些微观的变形的结果汇总成为板材毛胚的宏观变形。

当然,这种研究方法是十分科学的,无可挑剔的。

但是,由于当前的金属学与力学的发展还不能满足这样的需要,所以这种规范性很强的理论工作还处于理想和期望的状态,在实践中式不存在的。

、由于规范化的纯理论研究方法遇到了不可克服的困难,于是在冲压成形的研究领域里出现了经过某种简化了的理论的研究工作。

这种理论研究方法,首先把金属材料简化成理想的均匀固体,再进一步进化金属材料性能参数、边界条件毛培的几何参数的条件下,利用数学分析的方法研究冲压成形过程,并用数学的方法描述冲压成形的各种规律性的内容。

由于进行了前述的各种简化,必然使数学运算和分析过程与真实的冲压变形过程有某种程度的偏离,所以这种研究结果也必然使近似的,不能完全真实地反映冲压变形过程,尤其是在较为复杂的冲压成形时,这种理论研究工作有了很大的进步,即使在复杂形状冲压件成形中也显示出较好的应用前景。

目前这种理论研究多用于某些较为具体的变形研究,可以期望这种研究方法在冲压成形基本规律的研究方面取得更多的成就。

模具外文翻译--冲压成形的研究方法-其他专业

模具外文翻译--冲压成形的研究方法-其他专业

英文资料Methods to study stamping formingThe objective of the stamping forming research is to realize and apply the principles to solve various engineering problems through study on the stamping forming procedure. Recently, the research on stamping has been carried out in wide range with various methods. The research can be summed up substantially into following types.The double line arrows in the picture denote the procedure of formal theoretical research. In such research, the actions of the equipment and die are decomposed into micro-ingredients of the force and applied on the microstructure of the metal according to the multi-crystal microstructure of the deformation metal, the deformation of the metal microstructure is then investigated and the deformation of the microstructure to macro-deformation of the sheet metal is summed up. This scientific method is perfect, but current development in mechanics and metallurgy cannot meet such demand, therefore this kind of formal theoretical research is still in burgeoning, and is not applicable in practice.Since the formal theoretical research method encounters formidable difficulty, a kind of simplified theoretical method appears in the research field of the stamping forming. The characteristic of this kind of research method is denoted by continuous line in the picture, which is the main trend of the recent research. This research assumes metal as the ideal homogeneous solid and simplifies the property parameters, the boundary conditions and the blank geometrical parameters of the metal, the stamping process and principle are analyzed and described by mathematical method. Naturally, the assumptions adopted in the analysis would induce some deviation between the real stamping process and its simulation. The result is certainly approximate and does not reflect the real stamping process completely. Especially in analyzing complex stamping forming, this theory is not so valid. In recent years, due to the development of the finite element method and computer technology, this kind of theoretical method has greatly progressed, it shows applicable prospect even in analyzing complex stamping forming. The application of this kind of theoretical method mainly focuses on some special stamping deformation investigation, and it is expected that more achievements can be obtained in the fundamental principle of stamping forming. On the other hand, due to the simplification and assumptions, experiments are indispensable to test the validity of this theory.The third method to study stamping forming is shown by dashed dotted line in the picture. The characteristic of this method is that ignoring the deformation process of the blank under the action of the load during stamping forming conditions (including the structure of the die, the geometrical parameters of the die working portion and the properties of the stamping equipment) with the final results of the stamping forming. It is a rational empirical method, and widely used in stamping technology filed in recent years. This method is intuitional, simple and easy to be adopted by engineers, but it cannot be used to reveal the real procedure of the stamping deformation, so it is not the radical method to investigate the principles of the stamping forming more thoroughly and its usage is strictly limited.The fourth method to study stamping forming is denoted by dashed line in thepicture. Based on the fundamental knowledge of the mechanics and metallurgy, the essential characteristics and principle of the stamping forming are investigated to solve the practical problems in stamping process. In comparison with other plastic processes, the characteristics of the stamping forming, the principles of the sheet metal deformation are unique. So this method has definitely aim and the analysis results can be used directly to solve different problems in stamping forming. The characteristics and effects of this research of this research of this research method are illustrated by following examples.(1)The sequence of the stamping process can be decided by the trend rule of the stamping deformation.(2)According to the rule of uniform velocity distribution in the outer flange of the deformation zone during multi-pass deep drawing for the box parts, the shape and dimension of the blank during process sequence can be calculated. Therefore the calculation the for deep box parts of the multi-pass deep drawing technology is based on scientific foundation to improve the technique level of stamping forming.(3)According to the research on the wrinkle during the sheet metal forming caused by non-uniform tensile and shearing force, a new research field is developed beyond the traditional compressive instability theory. The results obtained offer an effective measure to cope directly with wrinkle during stamping forming.(4)The theory of sorting stamping forming based on the characteristics of the stamping deformation and mechanics and mechanics is an easy approach to systematize of the stamping forming, and can be used to deepen the investigation on stamping forming limit, to point out a clear and definite direction for improve the stamping forming limit.Above examples indicate that this method is closely relevant to the real stamping forming process. It can be used to analyze and solve the stamping forming problems effectively. Although this method is in the junior stage, mainly focusing on the qualitative analysis for stamping forming now . With the constant progress of this method and combined with modern mechanics, the breakthrough of this method isexpected to further enhance stamping forming technology.Structural design of blanking diel. Principle and general procedure of die designingThe steps of die designing include collecting necessary data, determining the structure scheme based on sufficient analysis and investigation, drawing the working principle diagram, the final assembly diagram, and then drawing the part diagram of the die according to the final assembly diagram.The necessary data to be collected include: the parts drawing of the product, the productive batch of the product, the process chart, the process specification and the die design program. The manufacture datum of each operation, the types of the die structural (simple die, progressive die or compound die) , the capacity of the press, the quality of the blanking work piece and other necessary items should be record in the process chart and the process specification.The detailed structure and dimension of the die are determined according to the production batch and work piece demand, etc. For the small batch production, the structure of die should be simple, the manufacture period should be short, and the cost should be as low as possible. For the large batch, the perfect structure, high productivity and long working life should be pursued.Furthermore, the structure measures to adjust, utilize, maintain, transport and deposit the dies should be taken into account.2. Determination of the pressure center of dieThe acting point of the resultant force in blanking is called the pressure center of die. In order to guarantee the die to work smoothly, the pressure center of die should align with the axes of shank and the center line of the slide block of press, to prevent the deflection of die during working, which would result in non-uniform clearance and wearing. Usually, the pressure center of die is laid on its symmetrical center point. The determination of the pressure center of die is mainly for the complex, multi-punch punching and progressive dies.For the work piece with complex shape, it can be divided into straight-linesection (the pressure center of die is situated at the middle of the straight) and arc section, and then to calculate its pressure center.The method to find the resultant force of the parallel force system is usually adopted to obtain the pressure center of die. The procedure to obtain the pressure center of die for multi-punch blanking by analytic method is showns chematically in .(1) Draw the outline of the working portion of punch proportionally.(2) Select the co-ordinate X-Y. The selection of the co-ordinate should simplify the calculation.(3)calculate the perimeter of each graphic outline (or linear section)L1,L2,L3,L4,..., L n(representing the blanking force), and the distance of gravity center in each graphic outline to the coordinate axes x1, x2, x3, x4, ...,x n and y1,y2,y3,y4,...,y n.(4) According to the mechanic principle that "the moment of the resultant force to a certain axis is equal to the sum of the moment of each component to the same axis", the calculation equation of the distance from the die pressure center to the axes of X and Y can be obtained:x0=L1x1+L2x2+L3x3+⋯+L n x n(3-20)L1+L2+L3+⋯+L n(3-21) y0=L1y1+L2y2+L3y3+⋯+L n y nL1+L2+L3+⋯+L nThe determination of the pressure center of die can also be obtained graphically by the linear polygon method.3. Determination of the shut height of dieThe outline dimension of die should fit with the selected example,the lower die of the blanking should be able to install in the working table of the press,the dimension of the shank should be consistent with that of the hole in the slide block,the ejecting pin of the ejecting device in the lower die should be able to penetrate through the bolster hole of press. The shut height of die should be consistent with that of the press.The shut height of die refers to the distance H between the top surface of the upper bolster and bottom surface of the lower bolster when the die is in the lowest working position. The shut height of press refers to the distance between the lower surface of the slide block and the upper surface of the bolster installed in the working bable when the slide block is in the lower dead point. The height when the length of the connecting rod is adjusted to the shortest, is called the maximum shut height H max; the height when the length of the connecting rod is adjusted to the longest, is called the minimum shut height H min, as shown schematically in . The shut height of die is between the maximum and minimum shut height of press, usually:If the shut height of die is larger than the maximum height of press, the die cannot be used in this press; oppositely, if the shut height of die is less than the minimum height, the die can be used by adding a bolster.中文翻译冲压成形的研究方法冲压成形的研究工作,就是在正确而深入地了解冲压成形过程的基础上,认识冲压成形过程中的各种规律性的内容,并把它运用于解决冲压生产中出现的各种实际问题。

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毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目:冲压成形的研究方法文献、资料英文题目:Methods to study stamping forming 文献、资料来源:文献、资料发表(出版)日期:院(部):专业:班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:翻译日期: 2017.02.14冲压成形的研究方法冲压成形的研究工作,就是在正确而深入的了解冲压成形过程的基础上,认识冲压成形过程中的各种规律性内容,并把它运用于解决冲压生产中出现的各种实际问题。

目前在冲压成形方面开展的研究工作领域十分广泛,而采用的研究的方法也各有特色。

但是从本质上可以把所有的冲压研究工作概括成以下几种类型。

正规的规范化类型的理论研究工作。

在这种理论研究工作中,把设备与模具的作用,根据变形金属多晶体微观结构的实际情况,分解成作用力的微观成分,使其作用在金属的微观结构上,研究金属微观结构的变形行为,最终将这些微观的变形的结果汇总成为板材毛胚的宏观变形。

当然,这种研究方法是十分科学的,无可挑剔的。

但是,由于当前的金属学与力学的发展还不能满足这样的需要,所以这种规范性很强的理论工作还处于理想和期望的状态,在实践中式不存在的。

、由于规范化的纯理论研究方法遇到了不可克服的困难,于是在冲压成形的研究领域里出现了经过某种简化了的理论的研究工作。

这种理论研究方法,首先把金属材料简化成理想的均匀固体,再进一步进化金属材料性能参数、边界条件毛培的几何参数的条件下,利用数学分析的方法研究冲压成形过程,并用数学的方法描述冲压成形的各种规律性的内容。

由于进行了前述的各种简化,必然使数学运算和分析过程与真实的冲压变形过程有某种程度的偏离,所以这种研究结果也必然使近似的,不能完全真实地反映冲压变形过程,尤其是在较为复杂的冲压成形时,这种理论研究工作有了很大的进步,即使在复杂形状冲压件成形中也显示出较好的应用前景。

目前这种理论研究多用于某些较为具体的变形研究,可以期望这种研究方法在冲压成形基本规律的研究方面取得更多的成就。

另一方面,由于这种理论研究中存在简化和假设,为了证明这种理论研究成果的可信程度,实验验证工作是必须的。

第三种冲压成形研究方法,特点是:无视冲压成形时毛培金属在受力作用下残生变形过程,而是仅仅把模具的结构与工作部分的几何参数、冲压设备的作用特点等初始成形条件与成形结果直接联系起来,用于冲压成形中的实际问题。

可以说,这是一种比较合理的经验方法,也是目前在冲压成形领域中应用比较多的方法。

虽然这种方法具有直观、简单实用、容易被技术人员接收等优点,但是,由于他具有很强的局限性,而且也不能深入揭露真实的冲压变形过程,从而影响人们对冲压成形的深入认识,所以他不是冲压成形研究工作的根本方法,不宜用这种方法深入地探索冲压成形中规律性的内容。

第四种冲压成形方法,它是利用力学与金属学的基础知识,对冲压成形中的各种问题进行分析、加工与概括,明确冲压成形的基本特点与规律,用于处理和解决冲压生产中的实际问题。

与其他的塑料加工方法相比,冲压成形具有十分明显的特点,板材的变形行为也具有其独特的规律,所有这种研究方法具有十分明显的特点,板材的变形行为也具有其独特的规律,所以这种研究方法具有十分明确的针对性与目的,而且研究的结果可以直接应用于冲压成形实际问题的分析处理,也易于为生产技术人员接受和在工作中灵活地运用。

这种研究工作的特点与效果,可用以下几方面的实际应用来说明。

(1)利用冲压变形趋向性规律可以作为冲压工艺过程设计中决定成形工艺顺序的基本原则。

(2)根据盒形件多次拉伸过程中变形区外缘运动速度均匀分布的准则,确定工序间毛培形状与尺寸的计算法,使冲压生产技术水平有所提高。

(3)根据板材成形特点展开的不均匀拉力作用下的起皱与剪力作用下的起皱方面的研究工作,在传统的压缩失稳理论范畴之外,又开拓了新的研究领域,而已取得的研究成果又直接为克服冲压成形中的起皱缺陷提供了针对性很强的所谓“对症下药”的对策。

(4)根据冲压变形与力学的特点进行的冲压变形分类的理论,可使冲压成形的研究工作走向体系化研究的捷径,而且可以深化对冲压成形极限的认识,为提高冲压成形极限的技术工作提供清晰而明确的方向。

由上所述的实际应用可以看出,这种研究工作方法与冲压成形的实际情况的关系十分密切,所以对于冲压成形出现的问题的分析与处理时十分有效的。

虽然由于这种研究工作深度与广度还很不够,目前主要用于多冲压成形中各种问题的定性分析,不过随着这种研究方法的不断发展,在于现代力学想结合的基础上,可望有突破性的进展,从而促进冲压成形技术的进步。

Methods to study stamping formingThe objective of the stamping forming research is to realize and apply the principles to solve various engineering problems through study on the stamping forming procedure .recently the research on stamping forming has been carried out in wide range with various methods. The research can be summed up substantially into following types.The double line arrows in fig .1.4denote the procedure of formal theoretical research .in such research, the actions of the equipment and die are decomposed into micro-crystal of the force and applied on the microstructure of the deformation metal, the deformation of the metal microstructure is then investigated and the deformation of microstructure to macro-deformation of the sheet metal is summed up . This scientific method is perfect, but current development in mechanics and metallurgy cannot meet such demand .therefore this kind of formal theoretical research is still in burgeoning, and is not applicable in practice.Since the formal theoretical research method encounters formidable difficulty ,a kind of simplified theoretical method appears in the research field of the stamping forming .the characteristic of this kind of research method is denoted by continuous line in fig 1.4,which is the main trines of the recentresearch .this research assumes metal as the ideal homogeneous solid and simplified the property parameters ,the boundary condition and the blank geometrical parameters of the metal the stamping process and principle are analyzed and described by mathematical method .naturally ,the assumption adopted in the analysis would include some deviation between the real stamping process and its simulation .the result is certainly approximate and does not reflect the real stamping process completely .especially in analyzing complex stamping forming ,this theory is not so valid .in recent years ,due to the development of the finite element method and computer technology .this kind of theoretical method has greatly progressed ,it shows applicable prospect even in analyzing complex stamping forming .the application of this kind of theoretical method mainly focuses on some special stamping deformation investigation ,and it is expected that more achievement can be obtained in the fundamental principles of stamping forming .on the other hand ,due to the simplification and assumptions experiments are indispensable to test the validity of this theory .The third method to study stamping forming is shown by dashed dotted line in fig ,the characteristic of this method is thatignoring the deformation process of the blank under the action of the load during stamping forming ,trying to build the relationships and rules directly among the original forming conditions with the final result of stamping forming .it is a rational empirical method ,and widely used in stamping technology field in recent years .this method is intuitional ,simple and easy to be adopted by engineers ,but it cannot be used to reveal the real procedure simple and easy to be adopted by engineers ,but it cannot be used to reveal the real procedure of the stamping deformation ,so it is not the radical method to investigate the principles of the stamping forming more thoroughly and its usage is strictly limited .The fourth method to study stamping forming is denoted by dashed line in fig .based on the fundamental knowledge of the mechanics and metallurgy ,the essential characteristics and principles of the stamping forming are investigated to solve the practical problems in tamping process in comparison with other plastic process ,the characteristic of the stamping forming ,the principles of the sheet metal deformation are unique .so this method has definitely aim and the analysis results can be used directly to solve different problems in stamping forming .the characteristics and effects of this research method are。

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