材料科学专业英语第二章翻译

ferrous alloys

铁合金

More than 90% by weight of the metallic materials used by human beings are ferrous alloy. This represents an immense family of engineering materials with a wide range of microstructures and related properties. The majority of engineering designs that require structural load support or power transmission involve ferrous alloys. As a practical matter, those alloys fall into two broad categories based on the carbon in the alloy composition. Steel generally contains between wc=0.05% and wc=4.5%.

超过90%的重量的金属材料使用的人类是铁合金。这是一个巨大的工程材料的家庭与广泛的微观结构和相关的属性。大部分的工程设计,需要结构性的负载支持或电力传输涉及铁合金。作为一个实际问题,这些合金分为两大类基于碳在合金成分。钢一般包含在wc = 0.05%和wc = 4.5%。

Within the steel category,we shall other than carbon is used.A compositon of 5% total noncarbon high alloy steels. Those alloy additions are chosen carefully becouse they invariably bring with them sharply increased material costs. They are justified only by essential improvements in improvements such as higher strength or improved corrosion resistance

在钢的类别,我们将使用碳。写的5%的总无碳高合金钢。这些合金添加的内容都是经过精心挑选因为他们总是携带材料成本大幅增加。他们是合理的只有基本的改进在进步,如高强度或改进的耐蚀性

2.1.1The earth contains a large number of metals which are useful to man. One of the most important of these is iron. Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in the from of steel. A certain number of non-ferrous metals, including aluminum and zinc, are also important, but even today the majority of our engineering products are of iron or steel. Moreover, iron possesses magnetic properties, which have made the development of electrical power possible.地球包含大量的金属是有用的人。其中最重要的是铁。现代工业需要大量这样的金属,无论是在形式的铁或钢的.一定数量的有色金属,包括铝和锌,也很重要,但即使是在今天,我们的大部分工程产品的铁或钢。此外,铁具有磁特性,使电力可能的发展.

the iron which we find on earth is not pure.it contains some impurities that must be removed by smelting. the process of smelting. consists of heating the ore in a blast furnace with coke and limestone, andreducing it to metal.铁,我们发现在地球上不纯。它包含一些杂质,必须被冶炼。这个过程的冶炼.由加热矿石与焦炭在高炉和石灰石,以及减少它的金属

blasts of not air enter the furnace from the bottom and provide the oxygen that is necessary for thereduction of the ore.爆炸的不是空气进入炉从底部,并提供了氧气,这是必要的森林采伐量减少矿石.

The ore becomes molten,and its oxides combine with carbon from the coke.the non-metallic constituents of the ore combine with the limestone to form a liquid slag. This floats top of the molten iron,and passes out of the furnace athrough a tap.the metal which remains is pig iron.矿石变成熔融,及其氧化物结合碳从可口可乐. 非金属成分的矿石结合灰岩形成液态渣. 这花车顶部的熔铁,然后流出炉通过一个水龙头,金属仍是生铁.

We can melt this down again in another furnace a cupola with more coke and limestone, and tap it out into a ladle or directly into molds. This is cast iron. Cast iron does not have the strength of steel. It is brittle and may fracture under tension. But it possesses certain properties that make it very useful in the manufacture of machinery. In the molten state it is very fluid, therefore, it is easy to cast it into intricate shapes. 我们可以融化这下又在另一个炉的圆顶和更多的可口可乐和石灰石,轻敲出一个包或直接进入模具。这是铸铁。铸铁没有钢的强度。它是脆弱和可能断裂在张力。但它具有特定的属性,使它非常有用的生产机械。在熔融状态很流畅,因此,很容易铸造成复杂的形状。

Also it is easy to machine it. Cast iron contains small proportions of other substances. These non-metallic constituents of cast iron include carbon, silicon and sulphur, and the presence of these substances affects the behavior of the metal. Iron which contains a negligible quantity of carbon, for example, wrought iron behaves differently form iron which contains a lot of carbon. 也很容易机它。铸铁包含小比例的其他物质。这些非金属的成分铸铁包括碳、硅、硫,这些物质的存在影响行为的金属。铁,包含一个微不足道的碳的数量,例如铁艺行为不同形式铁含有大量的碳。The carbon in cast iron is present partly as free graphite and partly as a chemical combination of iron and carbon which is called cementite. This is a very hard substance, and it makes the iron hard too. However, iron can only hold about 1.5% of cementite. Any