英语句型结构

英语句型结构

一. 简单句：

英语基本句型-1

主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：

1. 表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

2. 表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, con ti nue, sta nd;

3. 表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

eg: Our En glish teacher is thirty years old.

The cake tastes delicious.

The potatoes went bad in the fields.

Deep water stays still.

He was at work.

She is in good health.

It is bey ond my ability.

I was at a loss.

You are un der arrest.

英语基本句型-2

主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。

如: The sun rises.

Tom has already left.

主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。

如:1. The red sun rises in the east.

2. They had to travel by air or boat.

3. She sat there alone.

4. He came back whe n we were eati ng.

5. Weak buildi ngs will fall dow n in an earthquake 。

英语基本句型-3

主谓宾结构：本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如: 1. Tom made a hole in the wall.

2. I don ' t know if he can come tomorrow.

3. They haven ' t decided where to go next.

4. She stopped teachi ng En glish two years ago.

英语基本句型-4

双宾语结构：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。女口：He brings

me cookies every day.

但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词

to 或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.

She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to 的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask 等；

（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare 等。

英语基本句型-5

复合宾语结构：此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。

女口：The sun keeps us warm.

I heard him singing.

They made Tom mon itor.

He used to do his homework with his radio on.

My mother asked me to clea n my room.

The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.

用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：

I found it very pleasa nt to be with your family.

也可以说I found it was pleasa nt to be with your family. 它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是

复合句，意思都是一样的。

英语基本句型-6

There be句型：此句型是由“thEE+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“••…有……”。

它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此

句型有时不用be 动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等，但一般不用have。如：

There sta nds a hill in the middle of the park.

Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有there is/are …

过去有there was/were …

将来有there will be ;• -there is /are going to be...

现在已经有there has/have bee n …

可能有there might be...

肯定有there must b e …/there must have been...

过去曾经有there used to be …