2012 ACS 癌症预防的营养与运动指南

American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention

Reducing the Risk of Cancer With Healthy Food Choices

and Physical Activity

Lawrence H.Kushi,ScD1;Colleen Doyle,MS,RD2;Marji McCullough,ScD,RD3;Cheryl L.Rock,PhD,RD4;

Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,PhD,RD5;Elisa V.Bandera,MD,PhD6;Susan Gapstur,PhD,MPH7;Alpa V.Patel,PhD8;

Kimberly Andrews9;Ted Gansler,MD,MBA,MPH10and The American Cancer Society2010Nutrition and

Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee

Abstract

The American Cancer Society(ACS)publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication,policy,and community strategies and,ultimately,to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans.These Guidelines,published approximately every5years,are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research,prevention,epidemiology,public health,and policy,and they reflect the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk.The ACS Guidelines focus on recommen-dations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns,but those choices occur within a commu-nity context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors.Therefore,this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the4recommendations for individual choices to reduce can-cer risk.These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors.

The ACS Guidelines are consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes,as well as for general health promotion,as defined by the2010Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the2008Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.

CA Cancer J Clin2012;62:30–67.V C2012American Cancer Society.

Introduction

The Importance of Weight Control,Physical Activity,and Diet in Cancer Prevention For the great majority of Americans who do not use tobacco,the most important modifiable determinants of can-cer risk are weight control,dietary choices,and levels of physical activity.1,2One-third of the more than572,000 cancer deaths that occur in the United States each year can be attributed to diet and physical activity habits,includ-ing overweight and obesity,while another one-third is caused by exposure to tobacco products.2Although genetic susceptibility influences the risk of cancer,most of the variation in cancer risk across populations and among individuals is due to factors that are not inherited.3,4Behaviors such as avoiding exposure to tobacco products, 1Associate Director for Etiology and Prevention Research,Division of Research,Kaiser Permanente,Oakland,CA;2Director,Nutrition and Physical Activity, Cancer Control Science,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;3Strategic Director,Nutritional Epidemiology,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;

4Professor,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine,School of Medicine,University of California at San Diego,San Diego,CA;5Professor and Webb Endowed Chair of Nutrition Sciences,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,AL;6Assistant Professor,The Cancer Institute of New Jersey,New Brunswick,NJ;7Vice President,Epidemiology Research Program,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;8Strategic Director,Cancer Prevention Study-3, American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;9Research Associate,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA;10Director of Medical Content,American Cancer Society,Atlanta,GA.

Corresponding author:Colleen Doyle,MS,RD,Director of Nutrition and Physical Activity,Cancer Control Science,American Cancer Society,250Williams St, NW,Suite600,Atlanta,GA30303;colleen.doyle@

DISCLOSURES:The authors report no conflicts of interest.

This report was approved by the American Cancer Society National Board of Directors on August5,2011.

V C2012American Cancer Society,Inc.doi:10.3322/caac.20140.

Available online at

30CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians