全国2006年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试外贸函电试题2
11. Owing to the _______ nature of our business, sometimes we may need emergency purchases.A. unpredictableB. unbelievableC. unmistakableD. unprincipled12. We are writing to confirm _______ from you the following products.A. being purchasedB. to have purchasedC. to purchaseD. having purchased13. I would appreciate _______ me an up-to-date price list for your building materials.A. it if you would sendB. that you would sendC. you sendD. it sending14. We will proceed _______ your order as soon as we receive your instructions.A. inB. forC. withD. to15. They have _______ a price which we think will be acceptable _______ you.A. bided. . . toB. bid. . . toC. bidden. . . byD. bid. . . with16. For your information, our products enjoy a ready _______ in Europe.A. sellB. sellingC. sailD. sale17. It is necessary that the specifications _______ the requirements.A. confirm toB. conform toC. confirm withD. conform18. It is possible that you couldn’t find the new patterns _______ you are looking in this catalogue.A. for whatB. whichC. for whichD. that19. We assure you that your order is executed with _______ delay.A. no least delayB. least possibleC. least anyD. the least possible20. We are pleased to tell you that we have _______ at 45 days’ sight for the amount of the enclosed invoice.A. drawn on youB. written to youC. called on youD. dispatched to you by airmail。
7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reservesover the next few years as a means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology.【】A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2.Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped.【】A. improvedB. removedC. stimulatedD. introduced3.Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone ofhalf-built office buildings and hotels.【】A. tremendousB. enormousC. noisyD. orderly4.Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developingregions in 1991 was especially noteworthy.【】A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5.Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free trade agreement.【】A. hugB. embarrassC. acceptanceD. balance6.As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges.【】A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7.At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets.【】1A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8.Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies.【】A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9.International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder.【】A. lowB. minimumC. highD. profitable10.A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat.【】A. possessB. presentC. provideD. persuade11.With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.【】A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12.However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation to take the.【】A. offeringB. forcingC. encouragingD. discouraging13.Hong Kong Eggs and Products Company monopolizes the import of Chinese eggs, both fresh and preserved.【】A. confinesB. minimizesC. dominatesD. mobilizes14.You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well.【】A. couponsB. moneyC. coinsD. dimes15.Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement at Australia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines.【】A. withoutB. withC. asD. through2II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16. counter trade17. means of production18. surplus labour19. debt restructuring20. trade reprisal21. certificate of origin22. currency exchange system23. exclusive contract24. foreign exchange earnings25. primary productsIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26. 货币市场27. 利息付款28. 试销29. 新兴工业30. 国内需求31. 直接投资32. 供应短缺33. 大规模销售活动34. 供求模式35. 现货市场IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1The slowdown of the industrial countries in 1991 partly originated in structural problems inherited from the 1980s. Slower growth in Europe in 1991 revealed that unemployment, for instance, was still a structurally problematic area. The unemployment rate in the four largest European economies was 7.8 per cent in 1990, near the peak of the business cycle, and rose to 8.3 per cent in 1991. Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States. Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservative lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial3construction and highly leveraged corporate transactions. A number of weaker institutions were also consolidated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization.36. What are the two structural problems mentioned in the passage?37. When did the structural problems start?38. What do "conservative lending policies" and "commercial construction" mean?Passage 2The need for reform is clear: Although South Korea’s material achievements are impressive, the development of its political and economic organizations hasn’t kept pace. In recent years, the government has come under more and more pressure from trading partners and has begun to open the gates to foreign investment. There’s also a strong pressu re to keep up the fight against corruption, protect consumers and curtail the power of the huge business organizations that still dominate the economy. Keeping the reform process going and bringing the country’s institutions up to the level of those in advanced countries has become the pivotal agenda of President Kim Young Sam’s government.39. Why is it necessary to reform in South Korea?40. What do "hasn’t kept pace" and "pivotal agenda" mean?41. What is the main consideration of President Kim Young Sam’s government?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1I’m contemplating applying for my fifty-first job. It’s been a long time since I wasted stamp money this way. In fact, when I reached the fiftieth without success I decided to abandon job hunting and got out my pen to scratch a living instead.But there’s another wildly exciting job in the paper today, "salary ￡22,500—￡26,250 according to age and experience". The good news is the pay, the bad news is that damning little phrase "according to age and experience" which means I won’t get the job.It’s not that I have more age than experience - I’ve led an incident-packed existence. Journalist, company director, wife and mother, market researcher, and now, at thirty-something, I’m trying to use my Cambridge degree in criminology.I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employer: stable, good-humored, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment.4Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market. It is lagging behind sexism, racism, and handicappism because even the oppressed seem to accept the discrimination. Yet there are many professions that would benefit from the maturity and stability the older entrant can bring.My own pressing concern is to lessen my guilt. I am desperately grateful to the Government for financing me through my university education at a cost of over ￡10, 000. But unless someone gives me a job, how can I pay them back in income tax?Statements:42. The writer is over forty years old. 【】43. She gave up applying for jobs some time ago. 【】44. Employers think that someone of her age is too expensive to employ. 【】45. People don’t get as angry about ageism as about otherforms of discrimination. 【】46. More mature employees would be valuable assets to many professions. 【】Passage 2Consumers are primarily interested in product availability and low price in at least two types of situations. The first is that the demand for a product exceeds supply, as is the case in many Third World countries. There the consumers are more interested in obtaining a product than in its fine quality. The suppliers will concentrate on finding ways to increase production. The second situation is that the product’s cost is high and is to be brought down through increased productivity to exceed the demand. Some service organizations also have the production tendency. Many medical and dental practices are organized by assembly-line principles, as are some government agencies like unemployment offices and license bureaus. While it results in handling many cases per hour, this management orientation is open for charges of impersonality and questionable service quality.Statements:47.Consumers are interested in the quality of a product when demand exceeds supply.【】48.In many Third World countries, consumer demand is not very high. 【】49.If product cost is too high, producers will concentrate on finding ways to reduce production.【】50.Many hospitals and government agencies tend to operate like factories so that they will be more efficient. 【】551.It seems that the author is for the idea of this management orientation.【】VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%) Now, some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy early in the 21st century. Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product ($370) is already two to three times too low. And former World Bank chief economist Larry Summers recently argued that China could surpass both Japan and the Unit ed States to become the world’s largest economy by 2020.6。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习(自考).docx
《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章—、术语1. 制成品manufactured goods2. 资本货物capital goods3. 国际收支balance of payments4. 经常项目current account5. 有形贸易项目visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差trade surplus8. 贸易逆差trade deficit9. 易货贸易barter10. 补偿贸易compensation trade11. 反向贸易counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业joint venture15. 延期付款deferred payment16. 买方信贷buyer credit17. 卖方信贷supplier credit18. 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan19. 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(lnternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会IDA(lnternational Development Association)26. 国际金融公司IFC(lnternational Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source —位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46・15.tight monetary policy紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially: dramatically, significantly, considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently : afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate : deteriorate, worsen; aggravate ; make worse 恶化withdraw: cancellation 撤回，撤销theme : principle 主题，原则in return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interrupt 中断，打断destined : designed］注定的，H的是，有计划的pronounced: marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of: following; after with 在 ........ 之后undue : too much; unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse : change to the opposite 反转,颠倒,反向,相反buoyant: brisk 活跃的outcome: result 结果boost : stimulate; promote; develop 促进，提高，朿ij激recover: rebound 恢复facilitate : make easy促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down: reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as: to the extent 在...... 范围内bottlenecks: obstacles 障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
7月自考经贸知识英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自考经贸知识英语试题课程代码：00095I. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:(5%)( ) 1. discrimination A. introduction of something new( )2. maturity B. a practical advantage given to one over others( )3. innovation C. the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due( )4. preference D. the total annual income of a state( )5. revenue E. treatment or distinction in favor of or against a person, group, etc., not based onindividual meritII. Translate the following words and expressions:(10%)(i)From English into Chinese:6. title of the goods7. partial shipment8. contract proper9. gold tranche10. board of directors(ii)From Chinese into English:11. 无形贸易12. 承运人13. 成本节约14. 可保利益15. 外汇III. Make brief explanations of the following and give the full term of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. sight draft17. tariff18. consignee19. principle of indemnity20. EXWIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate wordfrom the list（You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the box）: (10%)International trade is often explained by the theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative cost theory. This (21)___________was developed by David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and (22)___________economists in the nineteenth century. The theory (23)___________that different countries orregions have different (24)___________possibilities. A tropical climate is better suited for growing bananas (25)___________a cold one. A country like Norway could produce bananas in hot houses, (26)___________it is cheaper for Norway to (27)___________bananas than to produce them. Thus, climate establishes a trade pattern between a northern and a southern country. In other cases the availability of natural resources may be a trade factor.The theory of comparative cost points out that trade between countries can be (28)___________for all, even if one of the countries can produce every commodity more cheaply. As long as there are minor, relative differences in the (29)___________of producing a commodity, even the poor country can (30)___________a comparative advantage in producing it.V. Translate the following into English :(25%)31. 低收入国家的经济繁荣也会给发达国家带来好处。
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。
7月全国自考经贸知识英语自考试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自考经贸知识英语试题课程代码：00095Ⅰ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)（）1. indemnity A. the total annual income of a state（）2. revenue B. compensation for loss（）3. cost-effective C. an official group of persons who direct or supervise someactivities of a firm（）4. board D. producing the best result for the expenditure（）5. consensus E. general agreementⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(ⅰ) From English into Chinese:6. economies of scale7. documentary collection8. Electronic Data Interchange9. insurance policy10. preferential customs tariff(ⅱ) From Chinese into English:11. 无形贸易12. 保兑信用证13. 运输标志14. 商品交易会15. 资本市场Ⅲ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English: (20%)16. clean bill of lading17. Incoterms18. balance of payments19. revolving credit20. MFNⅣ. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square): (10%)Successful multinational corporations eventually must learn (21)________ to inter-relate their subsidiaries with the (22)________ company, how to delegate decision-making authority, and how to develop satisfactory methods of control and supervision. (23)________ most traditional organizational structure is the international division structure, in (24)________ communication (25)________ the parent company is channeled (26)________ an international division. In the global structure there is no international division for overseas activities; instead, the entire top management becomes involved (27)________ international as well as (28)________ matters. The global approach unifies domestic and international divisions (29)________ one global division. It thereforeeliminates the danger of competition (30)________ an international division and a domestic one.Ⅴ. Translate the following into English：（25%）31.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。
《外刊经贸知识选读》试卷A卷
高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试卷A卷一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960—1962.( )A. exaggeratedB. celebratedC. worsenedD. facilitated2.The following year, a tax law for joint venture was promulgated.( )A. announcedB. prolongedC. transformedD. upgraded3.Growing ties between China’s traders an d their partners in Taiwan and Hong Kong are creating an unofficial but formidable “greater China” trade bloc.( )A. formalB. powerfulC. fundamentalD. rational4.The index of nonoil primary commodity prices in nominal dollar terms declines for the third consecutive year, and the index in real terms hits an all-time low.( )A. communicativeB. intensiveC. selectiveD. successive5.This push to expand U.S. manufacturing exports is considered essential politically to fulfill the President’s prom ise.( )A. promotionB. purposeC. pressureD. pull6.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years. （）A. goes throughB. goes offC. goes downD. goes on7.Japan’s government is deeply opposed to a new policy geared to “quantifiable results” for some products. ( )A. generated toB. suitable forC. followed byD. acquainted with8.The Japanese will not be able to keep a lid on their high-tech know-howforever. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge.( )A. hopeB. heartC. advantageD. disadvantage9.The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centers is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings.( )A. positive`B. activeC. passiveD. negative10.The U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) is providing at least $120 million to spur investment in three Central American nations that are signatories to a free-trade agreement with the United States.( )A. restrictB. restrainC. supportD. stimulate11.The Northrop Corporation of the United States located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt. ( )A. sellerB. distributorC. brokerD. buyer12.Pepsi is concentrating on distributing Slice through bottlers who have no conflict.( )A. contractingB. distributingC. focusingD. promoting13.Chinese eggs dominate the fresh egg market with more than an 80-per cent share.( )A. controlB. concentrateC. constrainD. comply14.For most people involved in the production and trading of “soft” or agricultural commodities, this is proving to be a grim decade.( )A. communitiesB. productsC. commandsD. districts15.But a recovery was made on the back of sterling’s weaker trend against the dollar.( )A. supportingB. surroundingC. influencingD. following二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）1. barrier-free market2.trade surplus3.inflation4.barter trade5.futures market6.current account7.budget deficit8.invisible tradepensation trade10. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.市场力量2.货币政策3.最惠国待遇4.世界贸易组织5.国民收入6.商品市场7.服务贸易8.初级产品9.国际货币基金组织10.人均国内生产总值四、简答题( 本大题共6 小题，共18 分)Passage 1American hopes that pressure from the U. S.will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade barriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment. The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in Tokyo's government offices. It must buck centuries-old, deeply ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.Questions:1.What are American hopes?2.Can their hopes come true? Why? Or why not?3.What does 'move' mean in the given context?Passage 2some of the Clinton administration's tough talk appears tactical, intended to pressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade- and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well - trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now bearing down on the Clinton team.Questions:1.Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading partners?2.What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared to see?3.Please paraphrase"Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well- trod path as the Bush administration."五、正误判断题（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，共20 分）Passage 1Haier appliances feature the latest technology and styles and have a reputation for durability. Ranked China's NO.1 consumer - electronics maker, Haier accounts for nearly 40% of the country's refrigerator sales and a third of its washing - machine and air -conditioner sales.And it hopes to become an export powerhouse - "a famous global brand like Japan's Matsushita," President Zhang Ruimin says. It already sells washing machines to Japan,air conditioners to France and refrigerators to the U.S.Haier's success is helping the Chinese government pursue its goal of steering the economy away from labor - intensive industries such as textiles and toys and encouraging home - grown electronics and technology companies to compete with Japan,South Korea and other Asian nations as a global source of high-tech products.Statements:1.Haier appliances are technology - oriented,durable,but out of fashion.( )2.As the No.1 consumer-electronics maker in China,Hairer accounts for over 30% of the country's washing - machine and air-conditioner sales.( )3.Haier's success has enabled the Chinese government to achieve its goal of steering the economy away from labor-intensive industries such as textiles and toys.( )4.Just like Japan's Matsushita. Haier has now become a famous global brand, selling washing machines to Japan, air conditioners to France and refrigerators to the U.S.( )5.Haier's success encourages Chinese electronics and technology companies to compete with Japan, South Korea and other Asian nations.( )Passage 2A year ago. AT&T looked as if it might soon be sleeping with the fishes. Its long- time boss, Bob Allen, had been replaced in November 1997 by Michael Armstrong from Hughes Electronics, who was a relative novice in the telecoms business. The firm's long-distance operation was being whittled away by newcomers such as WorldCom.Its international alliances were floundering. and it had wasted $ 4 billion trying to persuade its uppity offspring, the Baby Bells, to let it into their lucrative $ 100 billion local markets. People whispered that the only good bit of AT&T had been its equipment business.Yet in the past six months Mr. Armstrong has silenced most of his critics. Some of his moves - for instance slimming AT&T's workforce by another18,000 people and piling money into Internet research - were only to the expected. But AT&T has also begun to throw its weight around:It has terrified the Baby bells, first by buying TeleCommunications Inc, America's biggest cable -TV firm, for $ 48 billion and, this week, by forming a joint - venture with Time Warner, the second -biggest cable group, to deliver local telephone services. AT&T now has a potential line into 50 million American houses (more than 40% of the total), and it talking with other big cable operators about extending its reach.Statements:1.When Machael Armstrong replaced Bob Allen in November 1997, he was considered as an expert in the telecoms business.( )2.Though AT&T's long - distance operation was being reduced, its international alliances were doing extremely well.( )3.Mr.Armstrong was expected to make more employees redundant soon after he became the new boss of AT&T.( )4.Undr Machale Armstrong,AT&T threw its weight around by buying TeleCommunications Inc, and by forming a joint - venture with Time Warner.( )5.Mr. Armstrong was quite irresolute in dealing with his critics.( )六、翻译题（本大题12 分）Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods，produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.。
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。
学历类《自考》自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(国贸)《外刊经贸知识选读》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A 、cameaboutB 、cameoutC 、camealongD 、cameacross正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析2、You should try to write __________ eve n whenyou ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A 、nowandthenB 、moreorlessC 、soonerorlaterD 、hereandthere正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析3、Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A 、notsmokedB 、smokedC 、hassmokedD 、begantosmoke正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析4、America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A 、English-spoken;EnglishspeakingB 、English-speaking;EnglishspokenC 、speaking-English;EnglishspokenD 、spoken-English;Englishspeaking正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析5、For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A 、rainedB、rainsC、wasrainingD、hasbeenraining正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析6、You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A、changeB、growC、becomeD、stay正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析7、She would rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A、onherownB、ofherownC、ofhersD、forher正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析8、The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A、toB、inC、byD、for正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析9、John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A、the;/B、the;theC、a;theD、a;/正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析10、Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A、itthatB、itC、theplaceD、there正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析11、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A、/B、theC、aD、one正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析12、—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. — I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A、mustbeB、musthavebeenC、canbeD、canhavebeen正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析13、The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A、beatB、tobeatC、beatingD、beaten正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析14、________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A、AsinAustraliaB、AsAustraliaC、LikeinAustraliaD、LikeAustralia正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析15、—Shall we go outing this weekend?—Oh, with all this work ______ ____,I don ’ t know if I ’ ll have time to go out.A、todoB、doingC、doneD、do正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析16、__________of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A、Twofifth;isB、Twofifths;isC、Twofifth;areD、Twofifths;are正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析17、I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A、mayseeB、canseeC、mayhaveseenD、can’thaveseen正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析18、The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A、isincreasingB、hasincreasedC、areincreasedD、haveincreased正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析19、Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A、anyone’sB、anyone’selseC、anyoneelse’sD、anyoneelse正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析20、An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A、atmost;workB、atleast;controlC、atleast;fuelD、atmost;charge正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析。
外刊经贸知识选读试题答案
自考外刊经贸知识选读真题答案课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分)在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. ( )A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. ( )A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. ( )A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 202X. ( )A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. ( )A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.( )A. flashB. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. ( )A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents. ( )A. excessB. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. ( )A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC. ( )A. introductionsB. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. ( )A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. ( )A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. ( )A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. ( )A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. ( )A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1 分，共10分〕16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. 供给过剩 27. 收盘价28. 初级产品 29. 市场份额30. 双边条约 31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会 33. 资本货物34. 优先权 35. 直接投资四、简答题〔本大题共6小题，共18分〕Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover〞and “ba re-bones〞 mean in the passage37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication〞 used here What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energyPassage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.〞Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,〞 he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertradeprovides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter〞 in its traditional form40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade五、正误推断题〔本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分〕Passage 1The term “quality〞 is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that.In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest inthe world. Why all these detailed questions about numbersRolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are alsohighly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. ( )43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. ( )44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.( )45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. ( )46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers a re not worth the money. ( )Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. ( )48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. ( )49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. ( )50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. ( )51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. ( )六、翻译题〔本大题12分〕52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented〞. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this newthrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.外刊经贸知识选读真题答案及评分参考一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕1. B2. A3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9.A 10. D 11. C 12.B 13. D 14. A 15. C二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕16. 独家经销合约 17. 经常工程 18. 清算协议 19. 人均收入 20. 无壁垒市场 21. 双重税22. 房地产 23. 试销市场 24. 知识产权 25. 商业周期三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. glut of supplies 27. closing level/closing price 28.soft commodity 29. market share30. bilateral pacts 31. certificate of origin 32. Chinese Export Commodity Fair 33. capital goods34. preferred status 35. direct investment四、简答题〔本大题共 6小题，共 18分〕36.“Hover〞means “stay〞. “Bare-bones〞means “very low〞 or “inadequate〞. (2分)37. Only a few of the most advanced Western nations. (2分)38. In the given context, it means the advancement of technology. (2分)It refers specifically to their (technically) modernized municipal facilities, which helps give people the impression that it’s a place full of “energy〞. (3分)39. It means the direct exchanging of goods of equivalent value rather than using money. (3分)40. Countertrade involves conditional buying or allows no free choice in importing. That’s both against competition and free trade. (3分)41. It provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system. / I can relieve the massive debts of developing countries. (3分)五、正误推断题。
(全新整理)7月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试卷及答案解析
全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将所有答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。
一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. If current population trends continue and states do not improve the education of all racial groups, the skills of the workforce and the incomes of U.S. residents are projected to decline over the next two decades.A. fallB. defineC. increaseD. deliver2. But the company also continues to work in Michigan, including assembling land for retail projects in Commerce Township.A. associatingB. contributingC. appreciatingD. collecting3. The emergence of new products in the global navigation market is growing so fast that today’s $100 CD-ROM navigation package will be out of date in six months.A. efficiencyB. appearanceC. exerciseD. arrangement4. Discover real practical information that shows you how to manifest your desires.A. manageB. accelerateC. demonstrateD. implement5. A slump in share prices has made life difficult for public companies.A. slumB. dropC. pick-upD. contract6. Divergent creative processes like biological evolution always involve tradeoffs between diversity and concentration.A. DifferentB. Absurd1C. FragileD. Explicit7. Just as in the stock market, there is opportunity for power-management advances in rough economic times, despite a darkening forecast for many power management devices themselves.A. coarseB. evidentC. excessD. difficult8. Trade Minister Mark Vaile today announced a new taskforce designed to help Australian companies deal with business opportunities in the United States.A. reckonB. argueC. tackleD. dispute9. My point in explaining this is not necessarily to discourage developers from creating them.A. compoundB. dissuadeC. evaporateD. persuade10. Henry was sure the future of the auto industry was in a low-priced car for the general public.A. automatB. automationC. autobicycleD. automobile11. Managers who seek growth at a reasonable price try to strike a balance between strong earnings and good value.A. fairB. seasonableC. supremeD. predictable12. The bank found that from the 1709 postcode districts in England and Wales, 757 (44%) had average detached property prices above the IHT threshold for the new tax year.A. dischargedB. disguisedC. separatedD. exerted13. If you are a new learner at a participating organization you must register to create your own username and password and gain access to the site.A. haveB. makeC. takeD. save14. Garlic mashed potatoes were served perfectly whipped and full of flavor, but the chopped carrots, drenched in cinnamon, brown sugar and a brandy glaze, were very sweet and sugary and did not complement the rest of the meal.2A. sodaB. tasteC. syrupD. bubble15. Customs procedures should, on the basis of compliance on the part of firms, be simplified, facilitating trade for firms.A. sortingB. gradingC. easingD. shipping二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. GA TT17. portfolio investment18. debt restructuring19. countervailing duty20. glut of supplies21. barrier-free market22. invisible account23. preferential tax rate24. economic heavy weight25. fledgling industries三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 中国出口商品交易会27. 硬通货28. 剩余劳动力29. 试销30. 直接投资31. 资本货物32. 国际收支33. 强硬政策34. 合资企业35. 技术转让四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）3Passage 1Having spent years fattening up its leading companies, South Korea is now forcing them to slim down. On Jan. 18th the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced that the country’ s top 30 chaebols would do as the government had asked and concentrate on their core businesses. The ten largest chaebols were allowed to name three sectors each, the next 20 to name two sectors.The government claims it has three clear aims: to encourage competition and foster small businesses; to wrest power from the old industrial dynasties and hand it over to professional managers; and, above all, to stem the “octopus-like growth”of the chaebols into unrelated areas.36. In what way did the government require the chaebols to slim down?37. What does “octopus-like growth”mean here?38. Among the three aims of the government order, which is the most important?Passage 2In the first half of the 1980s, it was conventional wisdom to say that the exceptional strength of the dollar was partly responsible for—and helped to offset—the increasing weakness of dollar denominated commodity prices. All other things being equal, so the argument went, a subsequent fall in the dollar might be expected to give a compensating boost to dollar commodity prices.39. What do “all other things” mainly refer to?40. What was the “fall in the dollar” subsequent to?41. Why should the “boost” hav e been a compensating one?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In 1958, two young college students, brothers Frank and Dan Carney, opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant in Kansas, USA with US $ 600. The Carney brothers found that there was a great potential in franchises, so they decided to use that as a foundation for their business. A year later, the first Pizza Hut franchise store opened.In 1977, Pizza Hut became a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc. Through mergers and acquisitions, as well as organic growth, Pizza Hut has secured a prominent position in the market.Today, franchises and joint venture partnerships account for more than half of the Pizza Hut system’ s total units. Following the opening of the first international restaurant in Canada in 1968,4Pizza Hut restaurants quickly appeared in Mexico, South America, Australia, Europe, the Far East and Africa. The red roof was introduced as the company logo which was soon to become world famous as an easily recognized guarantee of crispy pizza, delicious pasta and friendly service in a pleasant atmosphere.Pizza Hut, a division of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc., is now the world’ s largest pizza restaurant company with more than 8,000 units in the United States and more than 4,000 units in over 90 countries and territories. The company is the recognized leader in the $25 billion pizza category worldwide. It has more than 250,000 employees worldwide, providing more than 1.7 million pizzas to more than 4 million customers each day.42. Franchise has brought about the spread of Pizza Hut worldwide not only at the beginning of its business but also at present.43. Now Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of PepsiCo., Inc.44. The red roof of Pizza Hut is a symbol of good pizza and good service.45. Four million customers around the world have pizza each day.46. The company makes a total profit of $25 billion each year.Passage 2The term market and marketing can have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business includes all of these meanings, and more.In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales. The manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product. Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks.The modern marketing concept includes all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a5different set of principles. It suggests that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product or what the market for the product is—before production begins.Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the consumer, and this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.Because products are often marketed internationally, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the place where the customer needs them and must be brought there. This is known as place utility; it adds value to a product. However, many markets are separated from the place of production, which means that often both raw materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed.Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities, but basically it involves four things: 1. selling the correct product at the proper place; 2. selling it at a price determined by demand; 3. satisfying a customer’ s needs and wants; and 4. producing a profit for the economy.47. When different economists use the wor d “marketing”, they mean different things.48. Marketing is a bigger concept than market.49. One characteristic of traditional marketing is that demand is considered before production.50. Modern marketing is much more than making a product and thinking about how to sell it.51. Distribution is a basic activity of modern marketing.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52. But some economists stressed the risks that a more aggressive U.S. policy poses. C. Fred Bergsten, director of the Institute for International Economists and a prominent member of the free-trade establishment, said he saw little evidence for a strategy, except for “a willingness to listen to protectionist appeals”from the automobile, semi conductor, steel and energy industries, among others, and a desire to mollify these industries’powerful congressional protectors.6。
【VIP专享】外刊经贸知识选读复习(自考)课后习题答案
三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China’s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What’s “a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)”? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter” should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported within a period of time.5、“The strong increase in imports last year is attributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government’s trade and foreigninvestment policies.”(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。
外刊经贸知识选读习题集及答案
《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。
2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。
它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。
3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。
4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。
二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。
国际商务英语2006年7月
全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%）1.trade mark2.Gross Domestic Product3.national income4.escape clause5.capital marketmissionance credit8.arbitration9.transshipment 10.documentary collectionⅡ.Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English（10%）11.承运人12.发盘（报盘）13.货号14.商业发票15.期权班16.清算系统(制度) 17.知识产权18.储备货币19.卖出价20.增值税Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right（10%）21.indemnitya. a person covered by an insurance policy22.ad valorem duties b. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under thecontract23.sight credit c. compensation for loss24.insured d. a credit by which payment can be made uponpresentation of the draft25.specialization e. the main body of a contract26.contract proper f. social or natural calamities that take place beyond thecontrol of a contracting party27.premium g. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods28.force majeure h. to restrict one’s economic activities to certainparticular fields29.liberalization of trade i. those commodities not processed, or only slightlyprocessed, usually farm produce or raw materials30.primary commodities j. the act of government in lifting controls overimports and exportsⅣ.Make brief explanations of the following terms in English （10%）31.anti-dumping 32.acquisition 33.devaluation34.subrogate 35.confirming bankⅤ.Answer the following questions in English （20%）36.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?37.What is Comparative Advantage?38.Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.第 1 页39.What is the difference between D/P at sight and D/P after sight? Which is more favourable for the exporter?Ⅵ.Translate the following into Chinese（10%）40.In choosing a transportation mode for a particular product, shippers consider as many as six criteria: speed, frequency, dependability, capability, availability and cost. Thus if a shipper seeks speed, air and truck are the prime contenders. If the goal is low cost, then water and pipeline are the prime contenders. Shippers are increasingly combining two or more transportation modes, thanks to containerization. Containerization consists of putting the goods in boxes or trailers that are easy to transfer between two transportation modes. Each coordinated mode of transportation offers specific advantages to the shipper.41.The practical advantages exist due to the peculiar environment within which counter trade usually takes place. They quite likely disappear when the environment changes—as is happening now in many countries. Restructuring and the development of markets may therefore mean that the environment within which counter trade usually takes place is changing so as to reduce its frequency. Reduced ownership restrictions are likely to shift the organizational forms toward joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises which possess production facilities. Improved knowledge, experience, and legal enforcement of contractual obligations will likely mean increasing use of longer term and more sophisticated explicit transaction contracts.Ⅶ.Translate the following into English（30%）42.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。
外刊经贸知识选读真题试题及答案解析
外刊经贸知识选读真题试题及答案解析一、单选题（共50题，共100分）1.It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to2.He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset3.This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was4.His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up5.Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.6.We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent7.His backache is only _________ for not watering the flowers.A.a reasonB.a causeC.an excuseD.reasons8.Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.9.The shop _________ until 7 o ’ clock.A. stays openedB.continues openC. stays openD. continues opened10. We ________in the neighborhood.A. happened beingB. happened beC.happened to beD.are happened to be11.I _________when I was a young girl.A.kept a diaryB.wrote a diaryC.made diariesD.kept diaries12.No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking13.I don't know_________.A.how can I finish my homework on timeB.how I copd finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time14.I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do.A.advicesB.piece of advicesC.adviceD.advise15.Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us16.Wood is often _________ paper.ed to makinged to makeed to be madeed making17.Mr White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn ’ t show up.A.shopd have arrivedB.shopd arriveC.shopd be arrivingD.arrived18.--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________.A.are paintingB.are being paintedC.are paintedD.have painted19.The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on20.At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce21.__________ twenty-fifth of December is__________Christmas Day.A.The; /B.The; theC.The; aD.A; the22.The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which23.—It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes,t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little24.—How are you today? —Oh, I __________ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didn ’ t feelB.didn ’ t feelC. wa sn’ t feelingD.don ’ t feel25.You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not26.Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets27.The two main poppar__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.A.signsB. symbolsC. marksD.signals28.The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsC.three months oldD.three-months-old29.I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color. __________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides30.We Chinese people shopd __________ that China is just likea dragon proud and powerfp.A.proveB.makeC.testD.present31.An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It copd __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge32.Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A.anyone ’sB.anyone ’ s elseC.anyone else ’sD.anyone else33.The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased34.I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen35.__________of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB.Two fifths; isC.Two fifth; areD.Two fifths; are36.—Shall we go outing this weekend?A.to doB. doingC.doneD. do37.________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A.As in AustraliaB.As AustraliaC.Like in AustraliaD.Like Australia38.The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten39.—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. —I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A.must beB. must have beenC.can beD.can have been40.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain__________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one41.Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there42.John said he wopd pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /43.The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for44.She wopd rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A.on her ownB.of her ownC.of hersD. for her45.You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A.changeB.growC.becomeD.stay46.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining47.America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A.English-spoken; English speakingB.English-speaking; English spokenC.speaking-English; English spokenD.spoken-English; English speaking48.Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A.not smokedB.smokedC. has smokedD.began to smoke49.You shopd try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there50.When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came alongD.came across1、正确答案： B2、正确答案： A3、正确答案： B4、正确答案： C5、正确答案： D6、正确答案： B7、正确答案： C8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： C11、正确答案： A12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： D14、正确答案： C15、正确答案： A16、正确答案： B17、正确答案： A18、正确答案： B19、正确答案： D20、正确答案： C21、正确答案： A22、正确答案： D23、正确答案： A24、正确答案： B25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： C27、正确答案： B28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： D30、正确答案： A31、正确答案： D32、正确答案： C33、正确答案： B34、正确答案： C35、正确答案： B36、正确答案： A37、正确答案： A38、正确答案： C39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： C41、正确答案： A42、正确答案： C43、正确答案： B44、正确答案： B45、正确答案： D46、正确答案： D47、正确答案： B48、正确答案： B49、正确答案： A50、正确答案： A。
最新《外刊经贸知识选读》复习(自考)
《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章一、术语1. 制成品 manufactured goods2. 资本货物 capital goods3. 国际收支 balance of payments4. 经常项目 current account5. 有形贸易项目 visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差 trade surplus8. 贸易逆差 trade deficit9. 易货贸易 barter10. 补偿贸易 compensation trade11. 反向贸易 counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业 joint venture15. 延期付款 deferred payment16. 买方信贷 buyer credit17. 卖方信贷 supplier credit18. 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan19. 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入 NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association)26. 国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46. 15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially： dramatically，significantly，considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently： afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen；aggravate；make worse 恶化withdraw： cancellation 撤回，撤销theme： principle 主题，原则in return for： in exchange fordisrupt： interrupt中断，打断destined： designed] 注定的，目的是，有计划的pronounced： marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of： following； after with 在……之后undue： too much； unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse： change to the opposite 反转，颠倒，反向，相反buoyant： brisk 活跃的outcome： result 结果boost： stimulate； promote； develop 促进，提高，刺激recover： rebound 恢复facilitate： make easy 促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down： reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as： to the extent 在……范围内bottlenecks： obstacles障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
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中国自考人()——700门自考课程永久免费、完整在线学习快快加入我们吧！全国2006年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
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1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in the field.( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children may wellreceive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs”imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and arecalculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor andcapital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.中国自考人()——改写昨日遗憾创造美好明天！用科学方法牢记知识点顺利通过考试！演讲稿尊敬的老师们，同学们下午好：我是来自10级经济学（2）班的学习委，我叫张盼盼，很荣幸有这次机会和大家一起交流担任学习委员这一职务的经验。