唐边塞诗形式与风格研究

中南民族大学

硕士学位论文

唐边塞诗形式与风格研究姓名：曹亚文

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：文艺学

指导教师：罗秉武

20070520

中南民族大学硕士学位论文

摘要

本文以唐代边塞诗为研究对象，侧重探讨唐边塞诗作的形式选择与风格特征。全文分四个部分展开论述。第一部分“边塞诗若干问题新探”，着重梳理边塞诗的源流和唐边塞诗的特殊界定，揭示唐边塞诗蔚为大观的历史原因。

第二部分是“唐边塞诗形式研究”，主要从形式的选择出发分析唐边塞诗创作中隐含的形式倾向。中国的古代诗体具有本体化特征，通常情况下内容只能去适应当时的诗体形式，这从中国古代格律诗发展的历史中的确能找到佐证；但是，内容对于强化到本体地位的诗歌形式也并不是纯粹的被动接受，在诸多细分的体式中，具体的题材、内容仍有其特定的倾向和选择，确切地说，中国古代诗歌创作应当是双向选择的结果。于是，我们在今天再回头浏览古代诗歌作品时，会发现这样一个有趣的现象，那就是每一种体裁和内容都能在一种或几种形式上生发出最大的艺术魅力，达至其最高成就，形成一批代表作品。我们即将探讨的边塞诗也不例外，在整体上它也有特定的形式倾向。研究发现，七言歌行、七绝和五古成为唐边塞诗最主要的三大载体。

第三部分是“唐边塞诗的创作特色及风格承递”，针对边塞诗，尤其是唐代边塞诗中体现出的创作特色展开论述。现存的边塞诗作在整体上体现出较为统一的风格，其对于轻靡局促的诗风的自觉抵触贯穿始终，这是其区别于其它诗歌流派或思潮的一个重要方面。而随着时代变迁，边塞诗在不同时期呈现出截然不同的风貌，成为社会及文学整体变迁的重要组成内容。更为重要的是，作为密切联系现实的边塞作品，往往最先感受到时代的变化，其风格承递宛如气候中的信风，预先昭示着即将显现的重大转变。集大成于一身的唐边塞诗兼具模拟、表现、再现的广阔视野，三者成交替之势；与之相对应的是边塞诗整体上又体现出较为明显的阶段性差异，初唐边塞诗郁勃如春，盛唐豪雄如夏，中唐苍凉如秋，晚唐则萧飒似冬。

文章最后是结语部分，主要对唐边塞诗在形式与风格上的特殊意义（包括当下性）做出阐释。作为唐人精神之气的艺术表现，边塞诗不仅反映了那个时代的社会风貌和士人心态，更体现了唐代最为杰出的一个群体为时代风云所催生的爱国情怀，边塞诗中以国为家、怜顾苍生的高尚情操感染了无数后人，也散发出永久且激动人心的独特魅力。

唐代边塞诗人以其积极进取的人生态度导引自身不断认识和把握“寒窗”之外的世界，视国家兴亡为己任。正是这种开阔的眼界和豁然的胸怀，使边塞诗人成功的实现了文人、志士的完美结合，边塞风光、战争实事、民族交流乃至民生疾苦也第一次有机会得到艺术性地全面反映。

唐边塞诗形式与风格研究

在整体观照下，边塞诗体现出明显的形式倾向，七言歌行、七绝和五古成为边塞诗人最倚重的创作形式，其中尤以七言歌行边塞诗的创作成就最为突出。此外，唐代边塞诗人关注现实，每一声呐喊都出自肺腑，继而表现出时代的转变，初、盛、中、晚——唐代历史的分期就犹如胎记般为边塞诗所保留，“四季”分明的风格承递不仅反映了边塞诗自身的演变，也体现出诗歌作为社会内容的载体性质。

在几个世纪的时间里，唐代边塞诗呈现出五彩纷呈的艺术特色和多样风格，在佐证唐代艺术整体发展特征的同时，更为中国古典文学走廊增添了雄壮而悲凉的另类色彩，边塞与山水一道成为唐代诗歌最高成就的标志。

关键词：边塞；边塞诗；形式倾向；风格呈递；多维视角

中南民族大学硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

This article takes the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem as the objects of the study and it mainly explores the form choice and style characteristic of the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem. The full text contains four parts to discuss the poem in Tang Dynasty. The first part is about new researches of some certain questions of the frontier fortress poem. This part mainly talks about the source and special limits of the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem, so that it will promulgate historical reasons that the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem presents an impressive sight.

The second part is about the analysis of the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem. From the angles of the form choice, the form tendency is implicit in the poem creation. Chinese ancient poem has the feature of main body. Usually, only the content adapts the poem form at that time. It could be found the evidence from the development of Chinese ancient classical poetry. But the content is not pure passive to accept the poetry form which is strengthened to the main body status. In many segmentation styles, the concrete theme and content still have own specific tendency and choice. More exactly to say, the creation of Chinese ancient poem should be the result of two-way job choice (双向选择). Therefore, when we turn back to browse ancient poem, there is an interesting phenomenon. That is, each kind of form and content could produce the biggest artistic charm in one or several forms, even reach the highest achievement, and become a batch of the typical works. The frontier fortress poem discussed soon is not an exception. This kind of poem has its own specific form tendency in the whole. According to the research, the seven-syllable style of ancient poetry characterized by freedom from rigid patterns, the seven-character jueju and the five-character ancient-style poem become the most main three carriers of the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem.

The third part is about the creation feature and style inheritance of the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem. It discusses the frontier fortress poem, especially the creation feature in the Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem. The ready-made frontier fortress poem presents a unified form in the whole. It conflicts the light waste cramped poetic style and it penetrates throughout the Tang Dynasty. This is the important aspect to distinguish other poetry school or ideological trend. With the transformation of the time, its style inheritance is just like the wind in the climate to show the great and important change in advance which soon appears at that time. The Tang Dynasty frontier fortress poem has the broad field of vision of simulation, the performance and the reappearance and they exchange. At the same time, the frontier fortress poem also