Since-和-for-的用法及区别

Since 和for 的用法及区别：

一，since 的四种用法

1，since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在这儿。

2，since+ 一段时间+ago

I h a v e b e e n h e r e s i n c e f i v e m o n t h s a g o。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。3，since+从句Great

Changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。

4，It is +一段时间+since从句

I t i s t w o y e a r s s i n c e I b e c a m e a n E n g l i s h t e a c h e r.我成为英语老师有两年了。

2，For + 时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。

I have been in Beijing for one year。

We have learnt English for about three years.

I have been here for 3 days. (对)

I have arrived here for 3 days.（误）

三，延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词

表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：

learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep,

live, stay等。

终止性动词

也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

如

open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

四、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long 等

I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning . （误）

rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作，可借助come begin get等终止性动词来表示。

上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)

又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

五、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语用(只限肯定式)。

如：

（1)他死了三年了。

误：

He has died for three years.

正：

He has been dead for three years.

正：

He died three years ago.

正：

It is three years since he died.

正：

Three years has passed since he died.

(2)

他来这儿五天了。

误：

He has come here for five days.

正：

He has been here for five days.

正：

He came here five days ago.

正：

It is five days since he came here.

正：

Five days has passed since he came here.

句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例：

leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be

on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member

of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have

a cold

。

练习：用since和for填空

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month

4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock

7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children

10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.