材料专业英语常见词汇备课讲稿
材料专业英文词汇
材料专业英文词汇（全）来源：李硕的日志化学元素（elements）化学元素，简称元素，是化学元素周期表中的基本组成，现有113种元素，其中原子序数从93到113号的元素是人造元素。
物质(matter)物质是客观实在，且能被人们通过某种方式感知和了解的东西,是元素的载体。
材料(materials)材料是能为人类经济地、用于制造有用物品的物质。
化学纤维(man-made fiber, chemical fiber)化学纤维是用天然的或合成的高聚物为原料，主要经过化学方法加工制成的纤维。
可分为再生纤维、合成纤维、醋酯纤维、无机纤维等。
芯片（COMS chip）芯片是含有一系列电子元件及其连线的小块硅片，主要用于计算机和其他电子设备。
光导纤维（optical waveguide fibre）光以波导方式在其中传输的光学介质材料，简称光纤。
激光(laser)（light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation简写为：laser）激光是利用辐射计发光放大原理而产生的一种单色（单频率）、定向性好、干涉性强、能量密度高的光束。
超导(Superconduct)物质在某个温度下电阻为零的现象为超导，我们称具有超导性质的材料为超导体。
仿生材料(biomimetic matorials)仿生材料是模仿生物结构或功能，人为设计和制造的一类材料。
材料科学(materials science)材料科学是一门科学，它从事于材料本质的发现、分析方面的研究，它的目的在于提供材料结构的统一描绘，或给出模型，并解释这种结构与材料的性能之间的关系。
材料工程(materials engineering)材料工程属技术的范畴，目的在于采用经济的、而又能为社会所接受的生产工艺、加工工艺控制材料的结构、性能和形状以达到使用要求。
材料科学与工程(materials science and engineering)材料科学与工程是研究有关材料的成份、结构和制造工艺与其性能和使用性能间相互关系的知识及这些知识的应用，是一门应用基础科学。
材料专业英语词汇
材料专业英语词汇材料专业英语词汇是材料工程专业学习的重要组成部分，掌握好材料专业英语词汇对于提高专业素养和学术水平具有重要意义。
下面将介绍一些常用的材料专业英语词汇，希望能够帮助大家更好地学习和掌握这些词汇。
首先，我们来看一些关于材料的基本词汇。
材料在英语中通常是指“material”，而材料的性能则可以用“property”来表示。
例如，强度可以用“strength”来表示，硬度可以用“hardness”来表示，韧性可以用“toughness”来表示，导热性可以用“thermal conductivity”来表示，导电性可以用“electrical conductivity”来表示，透明度可以用“transparency”来表示，等等。
其次，我们来看一些关于材料加工的词汇。
加工在英语中可以用“processing”来表示，而材料的成型可以用“forming”来表示，材料的切削可以用“cutting”来表示，材料的焊接可以用“welding”来表示，材料的涂覆可以用“coating”来表示，材料的热处理可以用“heat treatment”来表示，等等。
再次，我们来看一些关于材料测试的词汇。
测试在英语中可以用“testing”来表示，而材料的力学性能测试可以用“mechanical property testing”来表示，材料的化学成分分析可以用“chemical composition analysis”来表示，材料的表面形貌观察可以用“surface morphology observation”来表示，材料的断裂形貌分析可以用“fracture surface analysis”来表示，等等。
最后，我们来看一些关于材料应用的词汇。
应用在英语中可以用“application”来表示，而材料的应用领域可以用“application field”来表示，材料的设计可以用“material design”来表示，材料的选型可以用“material selection”来表示，材料的改性可以用“material modification”来表示，等等。
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)1. Introduction2. Basic Concepts3. Materials Classification4. Materials Properties5. Materials Testing6. Materials Processing7. Materials Characterization Techniques8. Materials Applications1. Introduction- Materials science: 材料科学- Field of study: 研究领域- Engineering materials: 工程材料- Physical properties: 物理特性- Chemical properties: 化学特性- Mechanical properties: 机械特性2. Basic Concepts- Atoms: 原子- Molecules: 分子- Electrons: 电子- Protons: 质子- Neutrons: 中子- Crystalline structure: 晶体结构- Amorphous structure: 非晶结构- Bonds: 键3. Materials Classification - Metals: 金属- Polymers: 聚合物- Ceramics: 陶瓷4. Materials Properties- Density: 密度- Hardness: 硬度- Strength: 强度- Heat resistance: 耐热性- Conductivity: 导电性- Insulation: 绝缘性- Corrosion resistance: 耐腐蚀性5. Materials Testing- Tensile test: 拉伸试验- Hardness test: 硬度测试- Impact test: 冲击试验- Fatigue test: 疲劳试验6. Materials Processing- Casting: 铸造- Forming: 成型- Machining: 机加工- Welding: 焊接- Heat treatment: 热处理7. Materials Characterization Techniques - Microscopy: 显微镜技术- X-ray diffraction: X射线衍射- Scanning electron microscopy: 扫描电子显微镜- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: 傅里叶红外光谱8. Materials Applications- Automotive: 汽车工业- Aerospace: 航空航天- Electronics: 电子工业- Construction: 建筑业- Biomedical: 生物医学以上是材料科学专业英语词汇的一些基本内容，供参考之用。
专业英语词汇上课讲义
anthracite无烟煤, lignite 褐煤, bituminous coal 烟煤, graphite 石墨coke 焦炭, liquefaction 液化, gasification 气化,hydrogenation 加氢Coal assay 煤质分析, moisture 水分Volatile content 挥发分Ash content 灰分Fixed carbon 固定碳Relative density 相对密度Particle size distribution颗粒粒度组成Float-sink test 浮沉试验Abrasion test 磨耗试验Specific energy 比能Ash fusion test 灰融试验Crucible swelling index坩埚膨胀序数Energy output 发热量矿石粒度size of the ore，有用矿物颗粒grains of valuable minerals细粒嵌布finely disseminated，低品位矿石low grade ore解离度degree of liberation ，光学性质optical properties磁性magnetic properties，导电性electrical conductivity propertierun-of-mine ore 原矿, ore dressing 选矿, milling选矿，磨矿,metallic ore金属矿，non-metallic mineral非金属矿物，end product 最终产品，valuable mineral有用矿物gangue mineral脉石矿物，enrich 富集，concentrate精矿, tailing尾矿，recovery回收率,leaching浸出，finely dissemination细粒嵌布liberation解离，concentration富集comminution 粉碎, crushing 破碎, grinding 磨矿, particle size 颗粒粒度degree of liberation 解离度overgrind 过磨grade 品位sorting 拣选hand selection 手选, froth flotation 泡沫浮选, pulp 矿浆,low intensity magnetic separator 弱磁场磁选机high-intensity separator 强磁场磁选机ferromagnetic mineral 铁磁性矿物paramagnetic mineral 顺磁性magnetite磁铁矿Non-ferrous mineral有色金属矿Non-metallic mineral非金属矿Electrical conductivity properties导电性magnetic separation磁选, high-tension separation高压电选,Beneficiation选矿，富集,roasting煅烧，焙烧, sizing筛分, screen筛子, classifier分级机, Dewatering脱水, thickener浓密机, filter过滤机, drier干燥机. Comminution 粉碎Disseminated浸染的Associate 伴生Conveyor运输机Stage段Reduction ratio破碎比mill 磨矿机grinding media 磨矿介质feed 给矿stress 应力Tensile stress 拉应力potential energy势能Adsorption吸附Surfactant 表面活性剂Primary crushing 粗碎Secondary crushing 中碎Tertiary crushing 细碎Open circuit 开路Scalping screen 棒条筛Grizzly 棒条筛Throughput 处理能力Swinging jaw动颚Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机Gyratory crusher 旋回破碎机Impact crusher 冲击式破碎机Cone crusher 圆锥破碎机Roll crusher辊式破碎机sieve bends 弧形筛shaking screens 振荡筛reciprocating screen 往复筛gyratory screens 回转筛vibrating screens 振动筛screening 筛分screen 筛子coarse material 粗粒物料efficiency 效率undersize 筛下，筛下物oversize 筛上，筛上物closed-circuit 闭路near mesh particles 难筛粒classification分级settling rate沉降速率terminal velocity沉降末速Specific gravity比重viscosity粘度overflow溢流underflow 底流Resistance 阻力viscous resistance 粘滞阻力turbulent resistance 紊流阻力，buoyant force浮力drag force 拖曳力percentage of solids by weight固体重量百分比spherical particle球形颗粒Stokes’ law斯托克斯公式Reynolds number雷诺数free settling自由沉降Hindered settling干涉沉降free settling ratio自由沉降等沉比Hydraulic classifier水力分级机Settling cone 圆锥分级机，深锥Mechanical classifier 机械分级机Hydrocyclone 水力旋流器Gravity concentration重力选矿Froth flotation泡沫浮选Flotation reagent浮选药剂Concentrate v.富集，n.精矿Concentration criterion可选性判定系数，可选性准则Jig跳汰机Cone圆锥分选机Spiral螺旋分选机Shaking table摇床Flow-film separation流膜选矿pulp density矿浆浓度Thicken浓缩Thickener浓密机，浓缩机Settling cone沉降池，浓密斗Cyclone旋流器deslime 脱泥middlings 中矿rougher 粗选preconcentration 预选feed density 给矿浓度Heavy medium separation/ dense medium separation重介质分选Sink and float test （heavy liquid test）浮沉实验Specific gravity比重Heavy liquid重液Near-density material/ near gravity material近比重物料Upper size limit粒度上限Separating density分选密度Misplaced material错配物Apparent density 表观密度Density fraction密度级Yield产率Ash content灰分Weight fraction / weight per cent质量分数Washability curves可选性曲线Medium cleaning facility介质净化设施Flotation 浮选Direct flotation 直接浮选Reverse flotation 反浮选Hydrophobic 疏水的Hydrophobicity疏水性Hydrophilic 亲水的Floatability 可浮性Collectors 捕收剂Frothers 起泡剂Regulators 调整剂Activates 活化pH modifiers pH调整剂Dispersants分散剂Coagulators凝聚剂Flocculants絮凝剂Kinetics of flotation 浮选动力学Conditioning 调浆Aeration 充气Flowsheet流程Mineralized froth矿化气泡Flotation column浮选柱Coagulation凝聚Flocculation絮凝Sedimentation沉降Filtration过滤Thermal drying热力干燥Agglometrate团聚Flocs絮团Polyacrylamides聚丙烯酰胺Centrifuges离心机Screw conveyor螺旋输送机Solid bowl scroll centrifuge螺旋卸料沉降式离心机选煤部分词汇：Coal preparation选煤run of mine 毛煤raw coal原煤cleaned coal/clean coal精煤Middlings 中煤reject/refuse 矸石washability/preparability可选性flotability可浮性Float-and-sink analysis/test浮沉试验washability curve 可选性曲线design capacity 设计能力Pithead coal preparation plant 矿井选煤厂groupmine’s coal preparation plant群矿选煤厂Mine coal preparation plant矿区选煤厂central coal preparation plant中心选煤厂Use’s coal preparation plant用户选煤厂size粒度sizing 分级size consist粒度组成Sized coal 粒级煤lump coal 块煤mixed coal混煤classification 分级Size analysis 筛分分析mean size 平均粒度fines 粉煤desliming 脱泥classifier 分级机Hydrocyclone水力旋流器density consist密度组成launder 溜槽closed water circuit洗水闭路循环slimes 细泥slurry 煤泥水gravity concentration/separation 重力选煤preparation of blended raw coal 配煤入洗preparation of grouped raw coal 分组入洗preparation of unsized raw coal 不分级入洗preparation of deslimed raw coal脱泥入洗spilt flow分流Froth flotation泡沫浮选selective flocculation methed选择性絮凝法pulp矿浆flotation concentrate 浮选精煤flotation tailings浮选尾煤flotation middlings 浮选中煤contact angle接触角hydrophobic mineral 疏水性矿物hydrophilic mineral 亲水性矿物flotation time 浮选时间flotation agent 浮选药剂emulsifier乳化剂regime of agent药剂制度direct flotation 直接浮选thickening flotation 浓缩浮选roughing粗选scavenging 扫选cleaning 精选flotation test 浮选试验batch-flotation test 单元浮选试验timed-release analysis 分布释放浮选试验flotation column 浮选柱dewatering脱水drying 干燥filtration 过滤flocculation 絮凝clarification 澄清thickening 浓缩slurry pond煤泥池fixed screen固定筛basket centrifuge 过滤式离心脱水机solid-bowl centrifuge沉降式离心脱水机screen-bowl centrifuge沉降过滤式离心脱水机centrate离心液filter cake 滤饼filtrate滤液pressure filter压力过滤机filter press 压滤机vacuum filter真空过滤机dredging sump捞坑flocculant 絮凝剂flocs絮团settling pond 沉淀池rake thickener耙式浓缩机cyclone thickener浓缩旋流器filter aid助滤剂centrifuge 离心脱水机filter 过滤机disc-type filter 圆盘式真空过滤机drum-type filter圆筒式真空过滤机hyperbaric filter 加压过滤机slime煤泥coarse slime 粗煤泥primary slime 原生煤泥secondary slime 次生煤泥crushing破碎grinding磨碎reduction ratio破碎比liberation解离crushability 可碎性grindability可磨性jaw crusher鄂式破碎机roll crusher辊式破碎机rigid-hammer crusher 固定锤式破碎机ball mill球磨机Efficiency 效率yield recovery产率distribution curve 分配曲线separation size分离粒度sizing size 分级粒度near-density material 邻近密度物recovery回收率capacity 处理能力unit capacity 单位处理能力efficiency of screening筛分效率Size distribution curve 粒度特性曲线theoretical separation density理论分选密度practical separation density实际分选密度ecart probable moyen E pm,E 可能偏差imperfection I 不完善度percentage of desulfurization 降硫率cut-point ash分界灰分rule of maximum yield 最高产率原则Perfect index flotation 浮选完善指标Blending 配料surge hopper 缓冲仓bulk density堆密度control system控制系统automatic control 自动控制sensor传感器ash monitor 灰分检测器on line coal ash monitor 在线灰分仪on line moisture monitor在线水分仪on line coal analyzer在线煤质仪。
材料专业英语常见词汇【范本模板】
材料专业英语常见词汇(一）Structure ［’strʌktʃə］组织Ceramic [si’ræmik］陶瓷Ductility ［dʌk'tiləti] 塑性Stiffness ［’stifnis]刚度Grain [ɡrein］晶粒Phase [feiz]相Unit cell 单胞Bravais lattice 布拉菲[’lætis］布拉菲点阵Stack [stæk］堆垛Crystal ['kristəl］晶体Metallic crystal structure [mi’tælik, me-］金属性晶体点阵Non-directional ［,nɔndi'rekʃənəl, -dai—]无方向性Face—centered cubic [’kju:bik]面心立方Body—centered cubic 体心立方Hexagonal close-packed ［hek’sæɡənəl］［'kləus'pækt]密排六方Copper [’kɔpə］铜Aluminum ［ə'lju:minəm]铝Chromium ［'krəumjəm］铬Tungsten [’tʌŋstən］钨Crystallographic Plane ［，kristələu’ɡræfik］［plein]晶面Crystallographic direction 晶向Property [’prɔpəti] 性质Miller indices [’indisi:z］米勒指数Lattice parameters [’lætis］［pə'ræmitə］点阵参数Tetragonal ［te'træɡənəl]四方的Hexagonal [hek'sæɡənəl]六方的Orthorhombic [,ɔ:θə'rɔmbik］正交的Rhombohedra [，rɔmbəu’hi:drə］菱方的Monoclinic [，mɔnəu’klinik］单斜的Prism [’prizm］棱镜Cadmium ［’kædmiəm]镉Coordinate system [kəu’ɔ：dinit，kəu'ɔ：dineit]坐标系Point defect ［’di：fekt，di'f—，di'fekt]点缺陷Lattice ['lætis］点阵Vacancy ['veikənsi]空位Solidification [，səlidifi’keiʃən]结晶Interstitial [,intə’stiʃəl]间隙Substitution [，sʌbsti'tju:ʃən］置换Solid solution strengthening ［sə’lju:ʃən］［’streŋθən，'s treŋkθən］固溶强化Diffusion ［di’fju:ʒən］扩散Homogeneous ［,hɔmə'dʒi：niəs，，həu-］均匀的Diffusion Mechanisms [di'fju:ʒən][’mekənizəm］扩散机制Lattice distortion ［dis'tɔ:ʃən］点阵畸变Self-diffusion [’selfdi，fju：ʒən］自扩散Fick’s First Law 菲克第一定律Unit time 单位时间Coefficient ［,kəui’fiʃənt］系数Concentration gradient ［,kɔnsən'treiʃən］［'ɡreidiənt］浓度梯度Dislocation [,disləu'keiʃən]位错Linear defect [’liniə]［’di：fekt，di'f-, di’fekt］线缺陷Screw dislocation ［skru：]螺型位错Edge dislocation [edʒ］刃型位错Vector ［'vektə]矢量Loop [lu:p］环路Burgers’vector［'bə：ɡəs］柏氏矢量Perpendicular [，pə:pən’dikjulə］垂直于Surface defect 面缺陷Grain boundary [ɡrein］['baundəri］晶界Twin boundary [twin]晶界Shear force ［ʃiə] 剪应力Deformation ［，di:fɔ:'meiʃən］变形Small （ or low） angle grain boundary ［’æŋɡl]小角度晶界Tilt boundary [tilt]倾斜晶界Supercooled [，sju:pə'ku：ld]过冷的Solidification ［，səlidifi’keiʃən]凝固Ordering process 有序化过程材料专业英语常见词汇（二）Crystallinity [，kristə’linəti］结晶度Microstructure ［'maikrəu,strʌktʃə]纤维组织Term 术语Phase Diagram ［feiz］[’daiəɡræm］相图Equilibrium ［，i：kwi'libriəm] 平衡Melt 熔化Cast 浇注Crystallization [,kristəlai’zeiʃən]结晶Binary Isomorphous Systems [’bainəri］［,aisəu'mɔ：fəs]二元匀晶相图Soluble ［'sɔljubl］溶解Phase Present 存在相Locate 确定Tie line 连接线Isotherm [’aisəuθə:m] 等温线Concentration 浓度Intersection 交点The Lever Law 杠杆定律Binary Eutectic System ［'bainəri］［ju：’tektik］二元共晶相图Solvus Line ［'sɔlvəs]溶解线Invariant ［in'vεəriənt］恒定Isotherm ［'aisəuθə:m］恒温线Cast Iron 铸铁Ferrite ［’ferait］珠光体Polymorphic transformation [,pɔli'mɔ:fik]［，trænsfə’meiʃən］多晶体转变Austenite ［’ɔstinait]奥氏体Revert ［ri'və：t, 'ri:və：t]回复Intermediate compound [，intə'mi:djət][kəm’paund]中间化合物Cementite ［si'mentait]渗碳体Vertical ［’və:tikəl]垂线Nonmagnetic ［,nɔnmæɡ'netik］无磁性的Solubility [,sɔlju’biləti]溶解度Brittle ['britl］易脆的Eutectic [ju:'tektik]共晶Eutectoid invariant point[ju:'tektɔid］[in'vεəriənt］共析点Phase transformation 相变Allotropic [，æləu'trɔpik，—kəl]同素异形体Recrystallization [ri：,kristəlai’zeiʃən]再结晶Metastable ［,metə’steibl]亚稳的Martensitic transformation [，mɑ:tin’zitik］马氏体转变Lamellae ？薄片Simultaneously [saiməl'teiniəsli］同时存在Pearlite [’pə:lait]珠光体Ductile [’dʌktail, -til] 可塑的Mechanically [mi’kænikəli] 机械性能Hypo eutectoid ［’haipəu][ju：'tektɔid]过共析的Particle ［’pɑ:tikl]颗粒Matrix ［'meitriks］基体,矩阵Proeutectoid ？先共析Hypereutectoid [，haipəju'tektɔid］亚共析的Bainite [’beinait]贝氏体Martensite ['mɑ：tnzait]马氏体Linearity [，lini’ærəti]线性的Stress—strain curve [kə:v］应力-应变曲线Proportional limit ［prəu'pɔ:ʃənəl]比例极限Tensile strength [’tensail，—səl］抗拉强度Ductility ［dʌk’tiləti］延展性Percent reduction in area 断面收缩率Hardness 硬度Modulus of Elasticity ［'mɔdjuləs］［,elæs’tisəti] 弹性模量Tolerance [’tɔlərəns］公差Rub 摩擦Wear 磨损Corrosion resistance ［’tɔlərəns］［ri'zistəns]抗腐蚀性Aluminum ［ə'lju：minəm]铝Zinc ［ziŋk] 锌Iron ore ［’aiən]［ɔ:］铁矿材料专业英语常见词汇（三）Blast furnace ［'baiəu,blæst］[’fə:nis］高炉Coke [kəuk]焦炭Limestone [’laimstəun］石灰石Slag ［slæɡ]熔渣Pig iron 生铁Ladle ['leidl］钢水包Silicon ［'silikən，-kɔn］硅Sulphur ［'sʌlfə］硫Wrought [rɔ:t]可锻的Graphite ［'ɡræfait] 石墨Flaky ［’fleiki]片状Low-carbon steels 低碳钢Case hardening 表面硬化Medium—carbon steels 中碳钢Electrode ［i’lektrəud]电极As a rule 通常Preheating ［'pri：hi:tiŋ]预热Quench [kwentʃ]淬火Body—centered lattice 体心晶格Carbide ［’kɑ：baid]碳化物Hypereutectoid ［,haipəju’tektɔid]过共晶Chromium ['krəumjəm]铬Manganese ['mæŋɡə,ni：s，，mæŋɡə’ni：z］锰Molybdenum [mɔ’libdinəm］钼Titanium ［tai'teiniəm, ti—］钛Cobalt [kəu’bɔ:lt］钴Tungsten ['tʌŋstən]钨Vanadium ［və'neidiəm]钒Pearlitic microstructure [pə:'litik］珠光体组织Martensitic microstructure ［，mɑ:tin'zitik］马氏体组织Viscosity ［vi’skɔsəti］粘性Wrought [rɔ:t]锻造的Magnesium ［mæɡ'ni:ziəm, -ʃi-]镁Flake ［fleik］片状Malleable [’mæliəbl］可锻的Nodular ［'nɔdjulə，—dʒə-]球状Spheroidal ［sfiə'rɔidəl]球状Superior property [sju：'piriə，sju：pə-］［'prɔpəti]优越性Galvanization ［，ɡælvənai’zeiʃən, -ni'z-]镀锌Versatile [’və:sətail］通用的Battery grid 电极板Calcium [’kælsiəm]钙Tin ［tin]锡Toxicity ［tɔk'sisəti］毒性Refractory ［ri'fræktəri]耐火的Platinum ［'plætinəm］铂Polymer ［'pɔlimə］聚合物Composite ［’kɔmpəzit］混合物Erosive [i’rəusiv］腐蚀性Inert [i'nə：t］惰性Thermo chemically ['θə：məu］［’kemikəli］热化学Generator [’dʒenəreitə］发电机Flaw ［flɔ:］缺陷Variability [，vεəriə’biləti] 易变的Annealing ？退火Tempering [’tempəriŋ] 回火Texture ['tekstʃə]织构Kinetic [ki’netik，kai—］动力学Peculiarity [pi，kju：li'æriti]特性Critical point 临界点Dispersity ? 弥散程度Spontaneous [spɔn'teiniəs］自发的Inherent grain ［in'hiərənt]［ɡrein本质晶粒Toughness ［’tʌfnis］韧性Rupture ［’rʌptʃə] 断裂Kinetic curve of transformation 转变动力学曲线Incubation period ［,inkju’beiʃən］孕育期Sorbite ［'sɔ：bait]索氏体Troostite ［’tru：stait]屈氏体Disperse ［dis'pə：s］弥散的Granular ['ɡrænjulə］颗粒状Metallurgical [,melə'lə：dʒik,—kəl］冶金学的Precipitation [pri，sipi’teiʃən]析出Depletion [di'pli:ʃən］减少Quasi-eutectoid ［'kweizai] ［ju:'tektɔid 伪共析Superposition [，sju:pəpə'ziʃən］重叠Supersede ［,sju：pə'si：d] 代替Dilatometric ［，dilətəu'metrik]膨胀Unstable ［,ʌn'steibl］不稳定Supersaturate ［，sju:pə'sætʃəreit]使过饱和Tetragonality ? 正方度Shear ［ʃiə]切变Displacement [dis'pleismənt］位移Irreversible [,iri’və：səbl]不可逆的。
材料专业中英文词汇
材料专业中英文词汇材料专业是一门以材料为研究对象的学科，主要研究材料的性质、结构、制备、加工、性能、应用等方面。
随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步，材料专业越来越受到人们的关注和重视，成为现代工业、科技和军事等领域的重要学科。
在材料专业的学习和研究过程中，掌握一些常用的中英文词汇是十分必要的。
下面是一些常见的材料专业中英文词汇。
1.材料（Material）指一切原料、零件、半成品、成品等，用于生产、加工或制造其他产品的物质实体或物质流。
不同的材料具有不同的特性和应用范围，主要包括金属材料、非金属材料、复合材料等。
2.金属材料（Metallic materials）是一种以金属元素为基础，具有金属特性（良好的导电性、导热性、延展性和可塑性等）的材料。
主要包括铁、铜、铝、锌、钴、钼等金属，以及合金等。
3.非金属材料（Non-metallic materials）是指以非金属元素为主要成分，具有非金属特性（如绝缘性、耐腐蚀性、轻量化、防火等）的材料。
主要包括陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、纤维素等。
4.复合材料（Composite materials）是指由两种或两种以上不同性质的材料通过物理或化学方法结合而成的材料。
这种材料的性能比较优异，具有轻量化、高强度、高刚度、耐腐蚀等特点。
主要包括碳纤维复合材料、玻璃纤维复合材料、金属基复合材料等。
5.性能（Properties）是指材料在不同环境下的物理、化学、机械等特性和表现。
主要包括强度、硬度、韧性、耐磨性、导电性、导热性、耐腐蚀性、热膨胀系数、断裂韧度等。
6.结构（Structure）是指材料组成元素（原子、分子、晶体等）之间的排列方式和组成方式。
材料的结构决定了其性能。
常见的材料结构包括晶体结构、非晶体结构、非晶态结构等。
7.制备（Preparation）是指将原始材料经过一定的工艺方法转化成所需材料的过程。
常见的制备方法包括铸造、轧制、锻造、淬火、淬硬、退火、沉淀、溶剂提取等。
材料导论中英文讲稿 (36)
Module 4 (Metallic Materials金属材料)Video 3 Processing of Metal Alloys金属的制备Hello, every one. Today, let’s talk about processing of Metal Alloys.译文：大家好！今天我们来学习金属的制备。
Metal fabrication techniques are normally preceded by refining, alloying and often heat treating processes that produce alloys with the desired characteristics. The techniques include various metal-forming methods金属成型方法, casting铸造, powder metallurgy粉末冶金, welding焊接, and machining机加工.译文：金属制备技术包含精炼、合金化以及热处理。
金属制备技术包括：不同的成型方法、铸造、粉末冶金、焊接以及机加工。
Forming operations are those, in which the shape of a metal piece is changed by plastic deformation. Common techniques include: forging锻造, rolling轧制, extrusion 挤压, and drawing拉拔.译文：通过塑性形变改变金属的形状称之为成型工艺。
包括：锻造、轧制、挤压和拉拔。
When deformation is carried out above the recrystallization temperature, it is termed hot working热加工. The material remains relatively soft and ductile during deformation. Deformation below its recrystallization temperature is called cold working冷加工. Cold working produces an increase in strength, meanwhile a decrease in ductility, because the metal strain hardens.译文：当成型在重结晶温度以上进行，称为热加工。
材料科学专业英语词汇
材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。
材料科学与工程专业英语课件
1.1.1 Iron and Steel
The iron ore which we find on earth is not pure. It contains some impurities that must be removed by smelting. The process of smelting consists of heating the ore in a blast furnace with coke and limestone, and reducing it to metal. Blasts of hot air enter the furnace from the bottom and provide the oxygen that is necessary for the reduction of the ore.
1.1.1 Iron and Steel
• We can melt this down again in another furnace-a cupola-with more coke and limestone, and tap it out into a ladle or directly into molds. This is cast iron. Cast iron does not have the strength of steel. It is brittle and may fracture under tension.
材料学专业英语讲稿
材料科学与工程专业英语PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＳＣＩＥＮＣＥＡＮＤＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧ材料科学与工程概论ＵＮＩＴ１Materials Science and Engineering材料科学与工程Materials are properly more deep-seated in our culture than most of us realize. Transportation, housing, clothing, communication, recreation and food production——virtually every segment of our everyday lives is influenced to one degree or another by materials. Historically, the development and advancement of societies have been intimately tied to the members’abilities to produce and manipulate materials to fill their needs. In fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development (i.e. Stone Age, Bronze Age).The earliest humans has access to only a very limited number of materials, those that occur naturally stone, wood, clay, skins, and so on. With time they discovered techniques for producing materials that had properties superior to those of the natural ones: these new materials included pottery and various metals. Furthermore, it was discovered that the properties of a material could be altered by heat treatments and by the addition of other substances. At this point, materials utilization was totally a selection process, that is, deciding from a given, rather limited set of materials the one that was best suited for an application by virtue of its characteristic. It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties. This knowledge, acquired in the past 60 years or so, has empowered them to fashion, to a large degree, the characteristics of materials. Thus, tens of thousands of different materials have evolved with rather specialized characteristics that meet the needs of our modern and complex society.The development of many technologies that make our existence so comfortable has been intimately associated with the accessibility of suitable materials. Advancement in the understanding of a material type is often the forerunner to the stepwise progression of a technology. For example, automobiles would not have been possible without the availability of inexpensive steel or some other comparable substitutes. In our contemporary era, sophisticated electronic devices rely on components that are made from what are called semiconducting materials.Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials science is an interdisciplinary study that combines chemistry, physics, metallurgy, engineering and very recently life sciences. One aspect of materials science involves studying and designing materials to make them useful and reliable in the service of humankind. It strives for basic understanding of how structures and processes on the atomic scale result in the properties and functions familiar at the engineering level. Materials scientists are interested in physical and chemical phenomena acting across large magnitudes of space and time scales. In this regard it differs from physics or chemistry where the emphasis is more on explaining the properties of pure substances. In materials science there is also an emphasis on developing and using knowledge to understand how the properties of materials can be controllably designed by varying the compositions, structures, and the way in which the bulk and surfaces phase materials are processed.In contrast, materials engineering is, on the basis of those structure properties correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. In other words, materials engineering mainly deals with the use of materials in design and how materials are manufactured.“Structure”is a nebulous term that deserves some explanation. In brief, the structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next large structural realm, which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed “microscopic”meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye are termed “macroscopic”.The notion of “property” deserves elaboration. While in service use, all materials are exposed to external stimuli that evoke some type of response. For example, a specimen subject to forces will experience deformation; or a polished metal surface will reflect light. Property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size.Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. For each there is a characteristic type of stimulus capable of provoking different responses. Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or force: examples include elastic modulus and strength. For electrical properties, such as electrical conductivity and dielectric constant, the stimulus is an electric filed. The thermal behavior of solids can be represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Magnetic properties demonstrate the response of a material to the application of a magnetic field. For optical properties, the stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation: index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties. Finally, deteriorative characteristics indicate the chemical reactivity of materials.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials, namely “processing”and “performance”. With regard to the relationships of these four components, the structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. Furthermore, a material’s performance will be a function of its properties. Thus, the interrelationship between processing, structure, properties, and performance is linear as follows:Processing——Strcture——Properties——PerformanceWhy Study Materials Science and EngineeringWhy do we study materials? Many an applied scientists or engineers, whe ther mechanical, civil, chemical, or electrical, will be exposed to a design problem involving materials at one time or another. Examples might include a transmission gear, the superstructure for a building, an oil refinery component, or an integrated circuit chip. Of course, materials scientists and engineers are specialists who are totally involved in the investigation and design of materials.Many times, a materials problem is to select the right material from many thousands available ones. There are several criteria on which the final decision is normally based. First of all, the in-service conditions must be characterized. On only rare occasion does a material posses the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another. The classic example involves strength and ductility; normally, a material having a high strength will have only a limited ductility. In such cases a reasonable compromise between two or more properties may be necessary.A second selection consideration is any deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation. For example, significant reductions in mechanical strength may result from exposure to elevated temperatures or corrosive environments.Finally, probably the overriding consideration is economics. What will the finished product cost? A material may be found that has the ideal set of properties, but is prohibitively expensive. Here again, some compromise is inevitable. The cost of a finished piece also includes any expense incurred during fabrication.The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.。
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)
材料科学专业英语词汇(整理版)材料科学专业英语词汇（整理版）以下是一些常用的材料科学专业英语词汇：1. 材料科学 - Materials science2. 材料工程 - Materials engineering3. 物理性能 - Physical properties4. 化学性质 - Chemical properties5. 结构性能 - Structural properties6. 材料强度 - Material strength7. 弹性模量 - Elastic modulus8. 硬度 - Hardness9. 腐蚀性 - Corrosiveness10. 耐磨性 - Wear resistance11. 热导率 - Thermal conductivity12. 电导率 - Electrical conductivity13. 密度 - Density14. 能量吸收 - Energy absorption15. 环境影响 - Environmental impact16. 金属 - Metal17. 陶瓷 - Ceramic18. 聚合物 - Polymer20. 玻璃 - Glass21. 晶体 - Crystal22. 金属合金 - Metal alloy23. 电子材料 - Electronic material24. 纳米材料 - Nanomaterial25. 材料测试 - Materials testing26. 材料设计 - Materials design27. 材料拓扑优化 - Materials topology optimization28. 材料制备 - Materials synthesis29. 材料表征 - Materials characterization30. 材料耐久性 - Materials durability31. 材料再循环 - Materials recycling希望这份材料科学专业英语词汇整理对你有帮助！。
材料专业学术英文词汇
材料专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文 英文1 合金合金 alloy2 材料材料 material3 复合材料复合材料 properties4 制备制备 preparation5 强度强度 strength6 力学力学 mechanical7 力学性能力学性能 mechanical8 复合复合 composite9 薄膜薄膜 films10 基体基体 matrix11 增强增强 reinforced12 非晶非晶 amorphous13 基复合材料基复合材料 composites14 纤维纤维 fiber15 纳米纳米 nanometer16 金属金属 metal17 合成合成 synthesis18 界面界面 interface19 颗粒颗粒 particles20 法制备法制备 prepared21 尺寸尺寸 size22 形状形状 shape23 烧结烧结 sintering24 磁性磁性 magnetic25 断裂断裂 fracture26 聚合物聚合物 polymer27 衍射衍射 diffraction28 记忆记忆 memory29 陶瓷陶瓷 ceramic30 磨损磨损 wear31 表征表征 characterization 32 拉伸拉伸 tensile33 形状记忆形状记忆 memory34 摩擦摩擦 friction35 碳纤维碳纤维 carbon 38 凝胶凝胶 sol-gel39 应变应变 strain40 性能研究性能研究 properties41 晶粒晶粒 grain42 粒径粒径 size43 硬度硬度 hardness44 粒子粒子 particles45 涂层涂层 coating46 氧化氧化 oxidation47 疲劳疲劳 fatigue48 组织组织 microstructure49 石墨石墨 graphite50 机械机械 mechanical51 相变相变 phase52 冲击冲击 impact53 形貌形貌 morphology54 有机有机 organic55 损伤损伤 damage56 有限有限 finite57 粉体粉体 powder58 无机无机 inorganic59 电化学电化学 electrochemical60 梯度梯度 gradient61 多孔多孔 porous62 树脂树脂 resin63 扫描电镜扫描电镜 sem64 晶化晶化 crystallization65 记忆合金记忆合金 memory66 玻璃玻璃 glass67 退火退火 annealing68 非晶态非晶态 amorphous69 溶胶-凝胶凝胶 sol-gel70 蒙脱土蒙脱土 montmorillonite71 样品样品 samples72 粒度粒度 size73 耐磨耐磨 wear74 韧性韧性 toughness75 介电介电 dielectric76 颗粒增强颗粒增强 reinforced78 环氧树脂环氧树脂 epoxy79 纳米tio tio80 掺杂掺杂 doped81 拉伸强度拉伸强度 strength82 阻尼阻尼 damping83 微观结构微观结构 microstructure84 合金化合金化 alloying85 制备方法制备方法 preparation86 沉积沉积 deposition87 透射电镜透射电镜 tem88 模量模量 modulus89 水热水热 hydrothermal90 磨损性磨损性 wear91 凝固凝固 solidification92 贮氢贮氢 hydrogen93 磨损性能磨损性能 wear94 球磨球磨 milling95 分数分数 fraction96 剪切剪切 shear97 氧化物氧化物 oxide98 直径直径 diameter99 蠕变蠕变 creep100 弹性模量性模量 modulus101 储氢 hydrogen102 压电 piezoelectric103 电阻 resistivity104 纤维增强维增强 composites105 纳米复合材料米复合材料 preparation106 制备出备出 prepared107 磁性能性能 magnetic108 导电 conductive109 晶粒尺寸粒尺寸 size110 弯曲 bending111 光催化催化 tio112 非晶合金晶合金 amorphous113 铝基复合材料基复合材料 composites114 金刚石刚石 diamond115 沉淀 precipitation116 分散 dispersion118显微组织微组织 microstructure 119 s ic 复合材料复合材料 sic 120硬质合金质合金 cemented 121 摩擦系数擦系数 friction 122 吸波 absorbing 123 杂化 hybrid 124 模板 template 125 催化剂化剂 catalyst 126 塑性 plastic 127晶体 crystal 128 s ic 颗粒颗粒 sic 129 功能材料能材料 materials 130 铝合金合金 alloy 131 表面积面积 surface 132 填充 filled 133 电导率导率 conductivity 134控溅射溅射 sputtering135金属基复合材料属基复合材料 composites 136 磁控溅射控溅射 sputtering 137 结晶 crystallization 138 磁控 magnetron 139均匀 uniform 140 弯曲强度曲强度 strength 141 纳米碳米碳 carbon 142 偶联 coupling 143 电化学性能化学性能 electrochemical 144及性能性能 properties 145 a l 复合材料复合材料 composite 146 高分子分子 polymer 147 本构 constitutive 148 晶格 lattice 149编织 braided 150 断裂韧性裂韧性 toughness 151 尼龙 nylon 152 摩擦磨损性擦磨损性 friction 153 耐磨性磨性 wear 154 摩擦学擦学 tribological 155 共晶 eutectic 156 聚丙烯丙烯 polypropylene 158 偶联剂联剂 coupling 159 泡沫 foam 160前驱 precursor 161高温合金温合金 superalloy 162 显微结构微结构 microstructure 163氧化铝化铝 alumina164 扫描电子显微镜描电子显微镜 sem 165 时效 aging 166 熔体 melt 167 凝胶法胶法 sol-gel 168 橡胶 rubber 169 微结构结构 microstructure 170 铸造 casting 171铝基 aluminum 172 抗拉强度拉强度 strength 173 导热thermal174 透射电子显微镜射电子显微镜 tem 175插层 intercalation 176 冲击强度击强度 impact 177超导 superconducting 178 记忆效应忆效应 memory 179 固化 curing 180晶须 whisker181 溶胶-凝胶法制凝胶法制 sol-gel 182 催化 catalytic 183 导电性电性 conductivity 184 环氧 epoxy 185 晶界 grain 186前驱体驱体 precursor 187 机械性能械性能 mechanical 188 抗弯 strength 189 粘度 viscosity 190热力学力学 thermodynamic191 溶胶-凝胶法制备凝胶法制备 sol-gel 192块体 bulk 193 抗弯强度弯强度 strength 194粘土 clay195 微观组织观组织 microstructure 196孔径 pore 198压缩 compression 199 摩擦磨损擦磨损 wear 200 马氏体氏体 martensitic 201制得 prepared202 复合材料性能合材料性能 composites 203气氛 atmosphere 204 制备工艺备工艺 preparation 205 平均粒径均粒径 size 206 衬底 substrate 207相组成组成 phase 208表面处理面处理 surface 209 杂化材料化材料 hybrid 210 材料中料中 materials 211 断口fracture212增强复合材料强复合材料 composites 213 马氏体相变氏体相变 transformation 214 球形 spherical 215 混杂 hybrid 216聚氨酯氨酯 polyurethane 217 纳米材料米材料 nanometer 218位错 dislocation 219纳米粒子米粒子 particles 220 表面形貌面形貌 surface 221 试样 samples 222 电学 properties 223 有序 ordered 224 电压 voltage 225 析出 phase 226 拉伸性伸性 tensile 227 大块 bulk 228 立方 cubic 229聚苯胺苯胺 polyaniline 230 抗氧化性氧化性 oxidation 231 增韧 toughening 232物相 phase 233表面改性面改性 modification 234 拉伸性能伸性能 tensile 235 相结构结构 phase 236优异 excellent238铁电 ferroelectric 239 复合材料力学性能 composites 240 碳化硅化硅 sic 241 共混 blends 242炭纤维纤维 carbon 243 复合材料层合材料层 composite 244挤压 extrusion 245 表面活性剂面活性剂 surfactant 246阵列 arrays 247 高分子材料分子材料 polymer 248 应变率变率 strain 249短纤维纤维 fiber 250 摩擦学性能擦学性能 tribological 251浸渗 infiltration 252 阻尼性能尼性能 damping 253室温下温下 room254复合材料层合板合材料层合板 composite 255 剪切强度切强度 strength 256 流变 rheological 257 磨损率损率wear258 化学气相沉积学气相沉积 deposition 259 热膨胀膨胀 thermal 260屏蔽 shielding 261发光 luminescence262 功能梯度能梯度 functionally 263 层合板合板 laminates 264 器件 devices 265 铁氧体氧体 ferrite 266 刚度 stiffness 267介电性能电性能 dielectric 268 x rd 分析分析 xrd 269 锐钛矿钛矿 anatase 270炭黑 carbon 271热应力应力 thermal 272材料性能料性能 properties 273 溶胶-凝胶法凝胶法 sol-gel 274 单向 unidirectional 275 衍射仪射仪 xrd 277水泥 cement 278退火温度火温度 annealing 279粉末冶金末冶金 powder 280 溶胶凝胶胶凝胶 sol-gel 281 熔融 melt 282 钛酸 titanate 283 磁合金合金 magnetic 284脆性 brittle285金属间化合物属间化合物 intermetallic 286 非晶态合金晶态合金 amorphous 287超细 ultrafine 288羟基磷灰石基磷灰石 hydroxyapatite 289 各向异性向异性 anisotropy 290镀层 coating 291 颗粒尺寸粒尺寸 size 292 拉曼 raman 293新材料材料 materials 294 t ic 颗粒颗粒 tic 295孔隙率隙率 porosity 296制备技术备技术 preparation 297 屈服强度服强度 strength 298金红石红石 rutile299 采用溶胶-凝胶凝胶 sol-gel 300 电容量容量 capacity 301 热电 thermoelectric 302抗菌 antibacterial 303聚酰亚胺酰亚胺 polyimide 304二氧化硅氧化硅 silica 305 放电容量电容量 capacity 306 层板 laminates 307 微球 microspheres 308 熔点 melting 309 屈曲 buckling 310 包覆 coated 311致密化密化 densification 312磁化强度化强度 magnetization 313疲劳寿命劳寿命 fatigue 314本构关系构关系 constitutive 315组织结构织结构 microstructure 317 热塑性塑性 thermoplastic 318形核 nucleation 319复合粒子合粒子 composite 320材料制备料制备 preparation 321 晶化过程化过程 crystallization 322 层间 interlaminar 323 陶瓷基瓷基 ceramic 324多晶 polycrystalline 325纳米结构米结构 nanostructures 326 纳米复合米复合 composite 327 热导率导率 conductivity 328 空心 hollow 329致密度密度 density 330 x 射线衍射仪 xrd 331 层状 layered 332 矫顽力顽力 coercivity 333纳米粉体米粉体 powder 334 界面结合面结合 interface 335超导体导体 superconductor 336 衍射分析射分析 diffraction 337纳米粉米粉 powders 338 磨损机理损机理 wear 339泡沫铝沫铝 aluminum 340进行表征行表征 characterized 341 梯度功能度功能 gradient 342 耐磨性能磨性能 wear 343平均粒均粒 particle 344聚苯乙烯苯乙烯 polystyrene345陶瓷基复合材料瓷基复合材料 composites 346 陶瓷材料瓷材料 ceramics 347石墨化墨化 graphitization 348 摩擦材料擦材料 friction 349 熔化 melting 350 多层 multilayer 351及其性能其性能 properties 352 酚醛树脂醛树脂 resin353 电沉积沉积 electrodeposition 354 分散剂散剂 dispersant 355相图 phase357壳聚糖聚糖 chitosan 358 抗氧化性能氧化性能 oxidation 359 钙钛矿钛矿 perovskite 360 分层 delamination 361 热循环循环 thermal 362 氢量 hydrogen 363 蒙脱石脱石 montmorillonite 364 接枝 grafting 365 导率 conductivity 366 放氢 hydrogen 367 微粒 particles 368 伸长率长率 elongation 369延伸率伸率 elongation 370 烧结工艺结工艺 sintering 371 层合 laminated 372 纳米级米级 nanometer 373 莫来石来石 mullite 374 磁导率导率 permeability 375填料 filler 376热电材料电材料 thermoelectric 377 射线衍射线衍射 ray 378铸造法造法 casting 379 粒度分布度分布 size 380 原子力子力 afm381 共沉淀沉淀 coprecipitation 382 水解 hydrolysis 383 抗热 thermal 384 高能球能球 ball 385干摩擦摩擦 friction 386聚合物基合物基 polymer 387 疲劳裂纹劳裂纹 fatigue 388 分散性散性 dispersion 389 硅烷 silane 390 弛豫 relaxation 391 物理性能理性能 properties 392晶相 phase393饱和磁化强度和磁化强度 magnetization 394 凝固过程固过程 solidification 395共聚物聚物 copolymer e 397薄膜材料膜材料 films 398 导热系数热系数 conductivity 399 居里 curie 400第二相二相 phase401复合材料制备合材料制备 composites 402 多孔材料孔材料 porous 403水热法热法 hydrothermal404原子力显微镜子力显微镜 afm 405 压电复合材料电复合材料 piezoelectric 406 尼龙6 nylon 407高能球磨能球磨 milling 408 显微硬度微硬度 microhardness 409基片 substrate 410 纳米技术米技术 nanotechnology 411 直径为径为 diameter 412 织构 texture 413 氮化 nitride 414热性能性能 properties 415 磁致伸缩致伸缩 magnetostriction 416 成核 nucleation 417 老化 aging 418细化 grain 419 压电材料电材料 piezoelectric 420 纳米晶米晶 amorphous 421 s i 合金合金 si 422 复合镀层合镀层 composite 423 缠绕 winding 424 抗氧化氧化 oxidation 425表观 apparent426 环氧复合材料氧复合材料 epoxy 427 甲基 methyl 428 聚乙烯乙烯 polyethylene 429 复合膜合膜 composite 430表面修饰面修饰 surface 431大块非晶块非晶 amorphous 432 结构材料构材料 materials 433表面能面能 surface 434材料表面料表面 surface 436粘弹性弹性 viscoelastic 437 基体合金体合金 alloy 438单相 phase 439 梯度材料度材料 material 440 六方 hexagonal 441 四方 tetragonal 442 蜂窝 honeycomb 443 阳极氧化极氧化 anodic 444 塑料 plastics 445超塑性塑性 superplastic 446 s em 观察观察 sem 447烧蚀 ablation 448 复合薄膜合薄膜 films 449 树脂基脂基 resin 450 高聚物聚物 polymer 451 气相 vapor 452电子能谱子能谱 xps 453 硅烷偶联烷偶联 coupling 454 团聚 particles 455基底 substrate 456断口形貌口形貌 fracture 457 抗压强度压强度 strength 458 储能 storage 459松弛 relaxation 460 拉曼光谱曼光谱 raman 461 孔率 porosity 462 沸石 zeolite 463 熔炼 melting 464磁体 magnet 465 s em 分析分析 sem 466润湿性湿性 wettability 467 电磁屏蔽磁屏蔽 shielding 468 升温 heating 469 致密 dense 470沉淀法淀法 precipitation 471差热分析热分析 dta 472成功制备功制备 prepared 473 复合体系合体系 composites 474浸渍 impregnation476 复合粉体合粉体 powders 477 沥青 pitch478磁电阻电阻 magnetoresistance 479导电性能电性能 conductivity 480光电子能谱电子能谱 xps 481 材料力学料力学 mechanical 482 夹层 sandwich 483 玻璃化璃化 glass 484衬底上底上 substrates485原位复合材料位复合材料 composites 486 智能材料能材料 materials 487 碳化物化物 carbide 488 复相 composite 489氧化锆化锆 zirconia 490 基体材料体材料 matrix 491 渗透 infiltration 492 退火处理火处理 annealing 493磨粒 wear 494 氧化行为化行为 oxidation 495 细小 fine 496基合金合金 alloy 497 粒径分布径分布 size 498润滑 lubrication 499定向凝固向凝固 solidification 500 晶格常数格常数 lattice 501晶粒度粒度 size 502 颗粒表面粒表面 surface 503吸收峰收峰 absorption 504磨损特性损特性 wear 505水热合成热合成 hydrothermal 506薄膜表面膜表面 films 507 性质研究质研究 properties 508 试件 specimen 509 结晶度晶度 crystallinity 510聚四氟乙烯四氟乙烯 ptfe 511 硅烷偶联剂烷偶联剂 silane 512 碳化 carbide 513试验机验机 tester 514结合强度合强度 bonding 516晶型 crystal 517介电损耗电损耗 dielectric 518复合涂层合涂层 coating 519 压电陶瓷电陶瓷 piezoelectric 520磨损量损量 wear 521 组织与性能织与性能 microstructure 522 合成法成法 synthesis 523烧结过程结过程 sintering 524 金属材料属材料 materials 525引发剂发剂 initiator 526有机蒙脱土机蒙脱土 montmorillonite 527 水热法制热法制 hydrothermal 528再结晶结晶 recrystallization 529 沉积速率积速率 deposition 530 非晶相晶相 amorphous 531 尖端 tip 532 淬火 quenching 533 亚稳 metastable 534穆斯 mossbauer 535 穆斯堡尔斯堡尔 mossbauer 536 偏析 segregation 537 种材料材料 materials 538 先驱 precursor 539物性 properties 540 石墨化度墨化度 graphitization 541 中空 hollow 542 弥散 particles 543淀粉 starch 544 水热法制备热法制备 hydrothermal 545涂料 coating 546复合粉末合粉末 powder 547 晶粒长大粒长大 grain 548 s em 等sem549 复合材料组织合材料组织 microstructure 550 界面结构面结构 interface 551 煅烧 calcined 552共混物混物 blends 553结晶行为晶行为 crystallization554混杂复合材料杂复合材料 hybrid 556 摩擦因数擦因数 friction 557钛基 titanium 558磁性材料性材料 magnetic 559 制备纳米备纳米 nanometer 560界面上面上 interface 561晶粒大小粒大小 size 562 阻尼材料尼材料 damping 563热分析分析 thermal564复合材料层板合材料层板 laminates 565 二氧化钛氧化钛 titanium 566沉积法积法 deposition 567 光催化剂催化剂 tio 568余辉 afterglow 569断裂行为裂行为 fracture 570颗粒大小粒大小 size 571 合金组织金组织 alloy 572非晶形成晶形成 amorphous 573 杨氏模量氏模量 modulus 574 前驱物驱物 precursor 575 过冷 alloy 576 尖晶石晶石 spinel 577化学镀学镀 electroless578溶胶凝胶法制备胶凝胶法制备 sol-gel 579 本构方程构方程 constitutive 580 磁学 magnetic 581 气氛下氛下 atmosphere 582 钛合金合金 titanium 583 微粉 powder 584压电性电性 piezoelectric 585 s ic 晶须晶须 sic 586 应力应变力应变 strain 587 石英 quartz 588 热电性电性 thermoelectric 589 相转变转变 phase 590 合成方法成方法 synthesis 591 热学 thermal 592 气孔率孔率 porosity 593永磁 magnetic 594 流变性能变性能 rheological596 热压烧结压烧结 sintering597 正硅酸乙酯硅酸乙酯 teos598 点阵 lattice599 梯度功能材料度功能材料 fgm600 带材 tapes601 磨粒磨损粒磨损 wear602 碳含量含量 carbon603 仿生 biomimetic604 快速凝固速凝固 solidification 605 预制 preform606 差示 dsc607 发泡 foaming608 疲劳损伤劳损伤 fatigue609 尺度 size610 镍基高温合金基高温合金 superalloy611 透过率过率 transmittance 612 溅射法制射法制 sputtering613 结构表征构表征 characterization 614 差示扫描示扫描 dsc615 通过sem sem616 水泥基泥基 cement617 木材 wood618 t em分析分析 tem619 量热 calorimetry620 复合物合物 composites621 铁电薄膜电薄膜 ferroelectric 622 共混体系混体系 blends623 先驱体驱体 precursor624 晶态 crystalline625 冲击性能击性能 impact626 离心 centrifugal627 断裂伸长率裂伸长率 elongation628 有机-无机无机 organic-inorganic 629 块状 bulk630 相沉淀沉淀 precipitation 631 织物 fabric632 因数 coefficient633 合成与表征成与表征 synthesis634 缺口 notch 636 弹性体性体 elastomer637 金属氧化物属氧化物 oxide638 均匀化匀化 homogenization639 吸收光谱收光谱 absorption640 磨损行为损行为 wear641 高岭土岭土 kaolin642 功能梯度材料能梯度材料 fgm643 滞后 hysteresis644 气凝胶凝胶 aerogel645 记忆性忆性 memory646 磁流体流体 magnetic647 铁磁 ferromagnetic648 合金成分金成分 alloy649 微米 micron650 蠕变性能变性能 creep651 聚氯乙烯氯乙烯 pvc652 湮没 annihilation653 断裂力学裂力学 fracture654 滑移 slip655 差示扫描量热示扫描量热 dsc656 等温结晶温结晶 crystallization657 树脂基复合材料脂基复合材料 composite658 阳极 anodic659 退火后火后 annealing660 发光性光性 properties661 木粉 wood662 交联 crosslinking663 过渡金属渡金属 transition664 无定形定形 amorphous665 拉伸试验伸试验 tensile666 溅射法射法 sputtering667 硅橡胶橡胶 rubber668 明胶 gelatin669 生物相容性物相容性 biocompatibility670 界面处面处 interface671 陶瓷复合材料瓷复合材料 composite672 共沉淀法制沉淀法制 coprecipitation673 本构模型构模型 constitutive674 合金材料金材料 alloy676 隐身 stealth677 比强度强度 strength678 改性研究性研究 modification679 采用粉末用粉末 powder680 晶粒细化粒细化 grain681 抗磨 wear682 元合金合金 alloy683 剪切变形切变形 shear684 高温超导温超导 superconducting685 金红石型红石型 rutile686 晶化行为化行为 crystallization687 催化性能化性能 catalytic688 热挤压挤压 extrusion689 微观 microstructure690 t em观察观察 tem691 缺口冲击口冲击 impact692 生物材料物材料 biomaterials693 涂覆 coating694 纳米氧化米氧化 nanometer695 x射线光电子能谱 xps696 硅灰石灰石 wollastonite697 摩擦条件擦条件 friction698 衍射峰射峰 diffraction699 块体材料体材料 bulk700 溶质 solute701 冲击韧性击韧性 impact702 锐钛矿型钛矿型 anatase703 凝固组织固组织 microstructure704 磨损试验机损试验机 tester705 丙烯酸甲酯烯酸甲酯 pmma706 r aman光谱光谱 raman707 减振 damping708 聚酯 polyester709 体材料材料 materials710 航空 aerospace711 光吸收吸收 absorption712 韧化 toughening713 疲劳裂纹扩展劳裂纹扩展 fatigue714 超塑 superplastic716 半导体材料导体材料 semiconductor 717 剪应力应力 shear718 发光材料光材料 luminescence 719 凝胶法制胶法制 gel720 甲基丙烯酸甲酯基丙烯酸甲酯 pmma721 硬质 hard722 摩擦性能擦性能 friction723 电致变色致变色 electrochromic 724 超细粉细粉 powder725 增强相强相 reinforced726 薄带 ribbons727 结构弛豫构弛豫 relaxation728 光学材料学材料 materials729 s ic陶瓷陶瓷 sic730 纤维含量维含量 fiber731 高阻尼阻尼 damping732 镍基 nickel733 热导 thermal734 奥氏体氏体 austenite735 单轴 uniaxial736 超导电性导电性 superconductivity 737 高温氧化温氧化 oxidation738 树脂基体脂基体 matrix739 含能 energetic740 粘着 adhesion741 穆斯堡尔谱斯堡尔谱 mossbauer742 脱层 delamination 743 反射率射率 reflectivity744 单晶高温合金晶高温合金 superalloy745 粘结 bonded746 快淬 quenching747 熔融插层融插层 intercalation 748 外加 applied749 钙钛矿结构钛矿结构 perovskite750 减摩 friction751 复合氧化物合氧化物 oxide752 苯乙烯乙烯 styrene753 合金表面金表面 alloy754 爆轰 detonation 756 断裂过程裂过程 fracture 757 纺织 textile。
材料专业英语(匡少平第一版)ppt课件
结合力高于无氢键分子
22
2、classification of materials based on the interatomic bonding
metals: metallic bonding
classification
ceramics:
ionic bonding covalent bonding
材料是人类进步的里程碑
6
电子管 钨、钼
晶体管 锗、硅半导体
集成电路 单晶硅片
材料是一切科学技术的物质基础与先导 总 结7
2、Definition of Materials Science and Engineering
研究材料组成、结构、性能、制备工艺和使用效能以 及它们之间关系的科学。
研究“Why”
(a) brittle materials 脆性材料 (b) ductile materials 延性材料 (c) elastic materials 弹性材料
36
拉伸试验
37
应力-应变曲线（σ-ε曲线）
弹性变形阶段elastic deformation
塑性变形阶段plastic deformation
解决“how to do”
Research and production materials
理
制
论
造
角
角
度
指导
度
《 Materials Science 》
《 Materials Engineering 》
补充完善
提供理论依据 奠定工艺基础 basic science
提供技术
奠定工业基础
applied
16
金属键
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇
材料科学与工程专业英语词汇1. material 材料2. composite material 复合材料3. ceramic material 陶瓷材料4. metallic material 金属材料5. alloy 材料合金6. material properties 材料性质7. mechanical properties 机械性质8. thermal properties 热学性质9. electrical properties 电学性质10. chemical properties 化学性质11. processing technology 加工工艺12. casting process 铸造工艺13. forging process 锻造工艺14. casting alloy 铸造合金15. high-temperature casting 高温铸造16. lost wax casting 失蜡法铸造17. extrusion process 挤压工艺18. rolling process 轧制工艺19. sintering process 烧结工艺20. sintering temperature 烧结温度21. welding technology 焊接工艺22. fusion welding 熔焊23. electron beam welding 电子束焊接24. laser welding 激光焊接25. adhesive bonding 粘接工艺26. adhesive 胶粘剂27. diffusion bonding 扩散焊接28. brazing process 钎焊工艺29. metallurgy 材料科学30. crystal structure 晶体结构31. phase transformation 物相转变32. grain size 晶粒尺寸33. microstructure microstructure 分析显微组织34. texture 织构35. phase 相36. solid solution solid solution 强化的固溶体37. transformation toughening transformation强化韧化38. dislocation 位错39. grain boundary dislocation 晶界位错40. stress state 应力状态41. deformation deformation 变形42. elastic deformation 弹性变形43. plastic deformation 塑性变形44. fracture fracture 断裂45. hardness hardness testing硬度测试46. Vickers hardness tester Vickers硬度计47. Brinell hardness tester 布氏硬度计48. tensile test拉伸试验49. compressive test 压缩试验50. bending test弯曲试验51. fracture test 断口分析52. corrosion resistance耐腐蚀性53. oxidation resistance耐氧化性54. fatigue resistance耐疲劳性55. thermal stability热稳定性56. electrical conductivity电导率57. thermal conductivity热导率58. dielectric constant介电常数59. permeability磁导率60. specific heat capacity比热容61. density密度62. reinforcement reinforcement增强剂/增强纤维63. carbon fiber碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)等。
材料科学英语专业词汇讲解
材料科学英语专业词汇a-grain 高铝颗粒A.S.T.M. specification A.S.T.M. 的规范abbe number or abbe value 阿贝值abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计abbertite 黑沥青ablation 耗损ablative shielding 剥落，散热性屏蔽(太空)abnormal setting 异常凝结abnormal steel 异常钢abradant 摩擦剂Abram's law 亚伯姆定律Abrams method of proportioning 阿不伦氏配合方法abrasion 磨耗abrasion cutting 磨切abrasion resistance 耐磨抗力abrasion test 磨耗试验abrasive 研磨剂，磨料abrasive belt 研磨带abrasive brick 研磨砖abrasive cloth 研磨布，砂布abrasive disc 金刚砂研磨盘abrasive grain 研磨粒abrasive grains 研磨粒abrasive hardness 耐磨硬度abrasive paper 砂纸abrasive paper 磨擦纸abrasive stone 磨石abrasive tool 磨具abrasive wheel 砂轮，磨轮abros 阿伯罗期1-一种抗腐蚀合金88%Ni；10%Cr；2%Mn)absolute temperature 绝对温度absorber1 中子吸收材料 2 动能吸收材料(如铅，金属，蜂巢，塑胶泡沫等) absorption 吸着absorption band 吸收带absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption edge 吸收限absorption limit 吸收限absorption test 吸收率试验absorption-type inhibitor (inhibiter)吸着型(腐蚀)抑制剂Abyssinian gold 阿比西尼亚金88%Cu,11.5%Zn,0.5%Au AC parametric test/AC testAC 参数试验/交流测试AC test 交流测试accelerated aging 加速老化(橡胶)accelerated cement 速凝水泥accelerated gum 速成胶acceleration 自旋马达之加速度特性acceleration factor 加速因数acceleration tube 加速管acceleration voltage 加速电压accelerator 催速剂；加速器acceptable wafer size 适用晶圆尺寸acceptor 受素；受体acceptor impurity 受素不纯物acceptor level1 受素能阶 2 受者能阶accessory mineral 附生矿物accommodation kink 缓和节accumulate/accumulation 累积加算accumulator metal 蓄电合金(90%Pb, 9.2%Sn, 0.8%Sb) accuracy 精度accuracy test 精度试验acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acetylene tetrabromide 四溴化乙炔Acheson furnace 艾其逊炉(制碳化矽用电弧炉) Acheson process 艾其逊法(用电弧炉制碳化矽) acicular cast iron 针状铸体acicular powder 针状粉末acicular structure 针状组织acid Bessemer converter 酸性柏思麦转炉acid Bessemer process 酸性柏思麦法acid Bessemer steel 柏思麦钢acid brick 酸性砖acid brittleness 酸洗脆性acid bronze 耐酸青铜acid dip 酸浸acid earth 酸性土acid electric arc furnace 酸性电弧炉acid electric furnace 酸性电炉acid embossing 酸刻acid etching 酸蚀acid flux 酸性溶剂acid frosting 酸霜法（玻）acid hearth 酸性炉膛(床)acid lining1 酸性衬里 2 酸性炉衬acid open-hearth furnace 酸性平炉acid open-hearth process 酸性平炉法acid pickling 酸洗acid pig iron 酸性生铁acid polishing 酸磨光acid proof alloy 耐酸合金acid proof cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid refractories 酸性耐火材料acid refractory material 酸性耐火材料acid resisting cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid resisting enamel 抗酸搪瓷acid resisting steel 耐酸钢acid slag 酸性渣acid steel 酸性钢acid-core solder 酸心软焊条acid-proof brick 耐酸砖acid-proof cement 耐酸水泥acidic component 酸性成分acidic oxide 酸性氧化物acidic rock 酸性岩acidity 酸度acierage 电镀铁(钢)acieration 加碳於铁(钢)包括渗碳表面硬化表面渗覆acoustic fatigue 音波疲劳(亦称sonic fatigue 为由噪音或乱气流所产生之疲劳acoustic mill 音控磨acrolite1 陨石2 爱尔兰合金(12%Cu, 2%Mn 之活塞用铝合金) actinolite 阳起石activated absorption 活性吸着activated alumina 活性铝氧activated atom 活化原子activated carbon 活性碳activated charcoal 活性炭activated species 活性种activation 活性化activation analysis 活性分析activation energy 活性化能activation polarization 活性极化activator 活化剂active carbon 活性碳active clay 活性黏土active damper 有源阻尼器active load 有能源负载，主动负载active material 放射[性]材料active region 活性区active-passive metal 活性-钝态金属active-passive transition 活性-钝态转变activity1 活[性]度 2 活[性]量activity coefficient 活性系数activity index 活性指数actual wafer thickness 晶圆实际厚度adapter brick 楔砖（陶）adaptive controller/automatic thickness controller 自适控制器/自动厚度控制器adaptive Z functionZ 轴上承载压自动调整功能adaptor 接头addition agent 添日剂additive 添加剂address multiplex function 位址多工功能address scramble function 位址打散功能adherence test 黏着试验adhesion force 附着力adhesion promoter coat/vapor primer 黏着力促进膜涂敷/汽相底层adhesion strength 附着强度adhesives 黏合剂adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic curve 绝热曲线adiabatic deformation 绝热变形adiabatic demagnetization 绝热去磁adiabatic elasticity 绝热弹性adiabatic equation 绝热方程式adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic gradient 绝热梯度adiabatic invariance 绝热不变性adiabatic invariant 绝热不变量adiabatic potential 绝热电位adiabatic principle 绝热原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic system 绝热系统adjustable die 可调模具adjustable gauge 可调量规adjustable mandrel 可调心轴admiralty brass 海将炮铜admiralty metal 海将金属admixture 搀和物Adnic alloy 艾德立克合金(冷凝器管用之铜镍合金，70%Cu,29%Ni,1%Sn) adobe admixture 土砖；晒乾砖adsorbed film 吸附膜adsorbed layer 吸附层adsorption 吸附 [作用]adsorption energy 吸附能adularia 冰长石advance 艾德凡司(含40%-44%Ni 之铜合金热电偶用)advanced global alignment 进步型全晶圆调准AEC, Atomic Energy commission 原子能委员会aegirite 纯钠辉石aerated concrete 充气混凝土aeration 充气法aeration 充气（水泥）aeration cell 充气电池aerator 松砂机aerobic bacteria 嗜氧细菌aeroclay 风簸黏土aerograph 喷雾器aerolite1 陨石 2 爱罗耐合金(12%Cu, 2%Mn 其余为Al 制活塞用)aerospace corrosion 太空腐蚀aerospace material 太空材料aerugo 铜绿after blow1 後期吹炼2 後期吹风after contraction 再热收缩after cure/post cure 二次熟化/二次硬化after glow Microwave plasma enhanced CVD system 隔离行微波等离子体增强型CVD 系统after-corrosion 後端腐蚀after-treatment 後处理agalmatolite 寿山石agalmatolite brick 蜡石砖agate 玛瑙age 材龄age hardening 时效硬化agglomerated structure 聚结组织agglomerating 黏聚（从化工）agglomeration1 凝聚 2聚结aggregate 骨材；聚集体aggregate-cement ratio 骨材水泥比aging 时效aging crack 时效裂纹(痕)aging range 时效温度范围aging test 时效试验agitation 搅拌agitator 搅拌器agricultural steel 农具钢(0.25%-0.5%C) aguite 普通辉石air analysis 风析air analyzer 风析器air automatic welding 气体自动[电弧]焊接air belt1 风带 2 风箱air bending 空中弯折air blast 鼓风air blast quenching 强风淬火air blasting 鼓风air box 风箱air breakdown 空气绝缘破坏air brick 通风砖air burner 喷灯air carbon-arc cutting 空气炭弧切割air chamber 气室air channel 开路air chuck 气动夹头air classification 空气分级air compressor 空气压缩机air content test 空气含量试验air cooling[ 空]气冷[却]air craft quality steel 航空级用钢air deposited clay 风积黏土air dried strength 风乾强度air driven hammer 气动鎚air dry 兆乾air dry fiber 风乾纤维air dust 导气管air entraining admixture 输气搀加物air entraining agent 输气剂air entraining cement 拌沬水泥air entraining Portland cement 输气波特兰水泥air entrainment 输气air floated powder 风簸粉air flue 空气道air furnace 空气炉air gap 空气隙air gas furnace 煤气炉air gauge (quauanatic micrometer)空气量规air gun 气枪air hammer 空气鎚air hardening 风硬air hardening steel 风硬钢air hole 气孔air leakage test 漏气试验air lift 气升air melting 大开熔解air meter 气量计air nozzle 空气喷嘴air patenting 空气勒化air permeability 透气性air port 通气口air pressure 气压air pressure type 气压式air quenching cooler 风激泠却机（泥）air rammer 气动撞鎚air seal 气封air seal type clean draft chamber 密封式洁净通风室air seasoning 辈乾法air separator 风析机air set process 风硬[造模]法air setting[ 常温]空气自硬法air shrinkage 风乾收缩air sieve 风析air slaked lime 风化石灰air slide conveyor 滑运机air tension 空气张力air toughening 空气勒化[法]air uptake 空气喉道air vent 透气孔air weight control 风量控制air-acetylene 空气-乙炔air-annealing 空气退火air-borne sealing 吸粉封补air-entrained concrete 伴沫混凝土air-lift gravity drop hammer 气提自落鎚air-setting refractory mortar 风凝耐火泥air-slaked lime 风化石灰airless blast cleaner 离心喷砂机airless blast cleaning 离心喷光法airless spraying 压力喷涂AISIA (American Iron & Steel Institute)美国钢铁协会Aitch metal 爱蒂金属(含60%Cu,40%Zn,1-2þ, 有良好铸造性与强度)Ajax alloy 亚杰斯合金(－系一轴承，铸造用合金)Ajax-Northrup furnace 亚杰诺斯电炉Ajax-Scomet induction furnace 亚杰斯可美感应电炉Ajax-Wyatt furnace 亚杰卫特电炉Akrit 亚克里特(切割工具尖端硬材料含38%Co,30%Cr,16%W,10%Ni,4þ,2%C)al-fin process 铝翅法(以铝镀覆钢面之热浸法)alabaster 雪花石膏，纯白生石膏alabaster glass 雪花玻璃alabaster ware 雪花[骨灰] 瓷Alader 亚兰德合金Alar alloys 亚拉合金(一系列铝矽铸造合金，4.5-6% Si 或10-13% Si，其余为铝，有时少许Cu 和Zn)albany glaze 阿邦尼釉albata 洋银，德[国]银，铜镍合金Albatra alloy 亚伯他合金(家庭器血用，今60% Cu, 20%Zn, 有时加1-2% Pb)alberti furnace 阿伯蒂炉Albion metal 亚宾夹片金属(镀锡铝箔，作装饰品及玩具用)albite 钠长石albumen albumin 蛋白质(水溶性)ALCAN 加拿大铝业公司alchemy 链丹术alclad 铝夹板Alcoa 美国铝业公司alcogel 醇凝胶alcomax 亚可墨磁体合金(一系列硬脆永久磁性材料，含10%Al,15%Ni,20-25%Co, 其余为Fe, 另加少许F alcove 流槽Alcumite 亚克美拟金合金(金色铝青铜，8%Al,0-2þ,1%Ni, 其余为铜)Alcunic 亚克力合金(铝铜合金，16-27% Zn,2% Al,1% Ni, 其余为铜及1%以下Sn)aldip process 浸铝法(铝的热浸法)Aldural 亚杜拉铝夹板(杜拉铝两面包以商业用97.7%纯铝)aldurbra 亚杜保(一种铝黄铜，含2%Al,22%Zn, 其余为铜)alfenide 亚分镍黄铜(含(60%Cu,29%Zn,10%Ni,1þ)Alfenol 亚分铝铁合金(含14-18%Al, 其余为Fe, 具高导磁率，低磁滞，优良耐氧化性) alfer 亚福铝铁合金(含12%Al, 其余为Fe)alger metal 亚尔加合金(白色铸造合金，为廉价珠宝用，含90%Sn,10%Sb 与argentine metal 相若)algorithm controller 演算法控制器algorithmic pattern generator 演算法图案产生器aligner for large liquid crystal display substrate 大型液晶显示基板对准曝光器alignment 定向alignment accuracy 位置对准精确度alignment mark 对准标记alignment offset 对准偏移alignment scope 对准用双眼显微镜alignment stage 调准夹片台alite 矽酸三钙alitieren 渗铝法(铝粉渗透法)alkali 硷alkali (high) cement 高硷水泥alkali cleaning 硷洗alkali embrittlement 硷脆性alkali metals 硷金属alkali-aggregate expansion inhibitor 硷性-骨材膨胀抑制剂alkali-aggregate reaction 硷性骨材反应alkaline cleaning 硷洗alkaline earth metal 硷土金属alkaline glaze 硷性釉alkalinity 硷度alkalinity（PH4.8）含硷量（PH4.8） all-base furnace 全硷性炉all-mine pig-iron 原矿生铁allan metal 亚兰合金(一种轴承合金50%Cu,50%Pb, 有时加至5%Sn) alligator effect 鳄皮状效应(晶体之塑性变形而产生表面粗糙之金属片) alligator shears 鳄口形剪alligator skin 鳄皮状表面allomeric 同晶异晶allomorphous 同质异晶allophane 铝英石（从矿）allotriomorphic crystal 不整形晶体allotrope 同素异形体allotropic transformation 同素变态allotropy 同素异形allowable stress 许用应力allowance 裕度allowance for shrinkage 收缩裕度allowed band 容许带alloxite (alundum)刚铝石alloy 合金alloy carbide 合金碳化物alloy cast iron 合金铸铁alloy element 合金元素alloy pig iron 合金生铁Alloy plating 合金电镀alloy powder 铝金粉末alloy steel 合金钢alloy steel casting 合金钢铸件alloy strip 合金钢带alloy tool steel 合金工具钢alluvial clay 冲积黏土alluvial deposits 慢水流沉积物almandine 铁铝（石）榴子石alnico 亚力可(铝镍钴磁铁)alnico alloy 亚力可合金aloxite (同alundum)刚铝石alpax alloy 亚伯斯合金(铝矽合金)alpha brassα- 黄铜alpha bronzeα- 青铜alpha-beta titanium alloyα-β钛合金alpha-ironα- 铁alpha-particleα- 粒子alplate process 覆铝法alsifer 铝矽铁(一种40þ,40%Si,20%Al 之合金) alteration 交变（从物）alternate firing 交互烧制alternate wet and dry test 交替乾湿试验alternating bend test 反覆弯曲试验alternating stress 交替应力aludip 铝浸钢片(以热浸法镀铝之钢片)alum 明矾alumel 亚铝美(热电偶用98%Ni, 2%Al)alumel-chromel thermocouple 亚铝美-克铬美热电偶alumilite cement 高铝水泥alumilite process 铝阳极氧化法alumina 铝氧，氧化铝alumina brick 氧化铝砖，铝氧砖alumina cement 矾土水泥alumina porcelain 高铝瓷alumina whiteware 高铝白瓷器alumina-silica refractory 矽铝耐火物aluminizing (calorizing)渗铝法alumino thermic process 铝热法alumino-nickle 铝镍合金alumino-silicate 铝矽砖aluminous cement 高铝水泥aluminum (aluminium)铝aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum alloy casting 铝合金铸件aluminum brass 铝黄铜aluminum bronze 铝青铜aluminum cast iron 铝铸铁aluminum deoxidation 加铝脱氧aluminum foil 铝箔aluminum ink 铝墨汁aluminum ion 铝离子aluminum oxide tool 氧化铝刀具aluminum removal 除铝剂aluminum soap 铝皂aluminum solder 铝焊料aluminum soldering 铝软焊aluminum-tin bearings 铝锡轴承(一种轻轴承金属10%Sn,0.5%P,0.25%Pb, 其余为铝) alumna 亚铝锰(含15% Mn 之铝合金有良好防锈及深冲性)alundum 刚铝石alundum (同aloxite)刚铝石alunite 明矾石alzak process 亚砂克法(用於铝合金反射器及装饰品之一种专利电解研磨法) amalgam 汞齐amalgamate 汞齐化amalgamation 汞齐法amber 琥珀amber blanket 琥珀色胶泡amber glass 琥珀色玻璃amblygonite 鏻铝石ambrac AA 式安培克合金(一种铜镍锌合金)ambraloy 安培乐合金(一种铝青铜)ambrose alloys 安布洛白铜(含65-75%Cu,20-30%Ni,5%Zn,0.5%Mn 类似於nickel-silver) American Concrete Institute (A.C.I)美国混凝土学会American gold 美国金币合金(90%Au,10%Cu)American Society for Testing Materials (A.S.T.M)美国材料试验学会amethyst 紫水晶ammonia carburizing 氨渗碳ammonia leaching1 氨水浸滤 2 氨水浸洗amorphous 非晶[形]的amorphous cement hypothesis 非晶质填充说amorphous graphite 非晶质石墨amorphous material1 非晶态材料 2 非晶质材料amorphous state 非晶质状态amorphous theory 非晶质学说amount of finish 加工量amount of oxygen precipitation 析出氧气量ampco metal 安柯金属amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric refractory (neutral refractory)中性耐火材料ampoule 安亨(密封管)ampoule tube 密闭瓶管AMS (Aerospace Material Specification)[美国]太空材料规格AMU (Atomic Mass Unit)原子质量单位anaerobic bacteria 厌氧细菌analog test system 类比测试系统analog-digital mixed mode simulator 类比/数位混合型模拟器analyzer1 分析仪 2 析光镜analyzing chamber 分析管〈腔〉analyzing magnet 分析磁铁anatase 锐钛矿(TiO2)anatomical alloys 骨外科合金(钴，银，vitallium)anchor post 撑柱andalusite 红柱石andesine 中性长石(从矿)andesite 安山石(从矿)andrades law of transient creep 安瑞德过渡潜变定律andradite 钙铁石榴石anelastic creep 滞弹性潜变anelastic strain 滞弹性应变anelasticity 滞弹性angle 角形料angle bar 角铁angle of aperture 孔衡角(显微镜)angle of bite 咬角(轧辊)angle of nip 挟角angle steel 角钢angle, dihedral 二面角angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy 角度分解奥格电子光谱学anglesite 铅矾anhedralization 常界anhedrall 失界面anhydrite 无水石膏anion 阴离子anisothermal diagram 非恒温变态图anisothermal transformation 非恒温变态anisotropic etching 各向异性蚀刻，非等向性蚀刻anisotropic substance 异向性物质anisotropy 界向性anka 安克不锈钢(一种18-8不锈钢)anneal 退火处理anneal, annealing 退火annealed condition 退火状态annealed material 退火材料annealed structure 退火组织annealing 徐冷(玻)annealing box 退火箱annealing chamber 退火处理室annealing embrittlement 退火脆性annealing furnace 退火炉annealing point 退火点；钝化点；annealing pot 退火罐annealing temperature 退火温度annealing texture 退火织构annealing twin 退火双晶annealing uniformity 退火处理之均质性annealing-point temperature 韕化点温度annular kiln 环窑anode 阳极anode copper 阳极铜anode corrosion efficiency 阳极腐蚀效率anode coupling 阳极耦合anode dissolution 阳极分解anode effect 阳极效应anode efficiency 阳极效率anode material 阳极材料anode mud (同anode slime)阳极泥anode pickling 阳极浸渍(法)anode slime 阳极泥(同anode mud)anodic coating 阳极护膜anodic control 阳极控制anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic protection 阳极防蚀anodic reaction 阳极反应anodizing1 阳极处理 2 阳极氧化anodizing treatment 阳极处理anolyte 阳极电解液anorthite 钙斜长石anorthoclase 钠微斜长石(从矿)antenna ratio 天线比anthracite 无烟煤anti reflection coating 防反射涂膜anti-carburizer 渗炭防止剂anti-corrosion 耐蚀anti-corrosion alloy 耐蚀合金anti-corrosion paint 防锈漆anti-ferromagnetism 反磁铁性anti-fouling compound 防腐化合物(船底油漆用) anti-friction metal 耐磨金属anti-oxidant 抗氧化剂anti-oxidation 抗氧化anti-oxidation additives 抗氧化添加剂anti-piping compound 冒口保温剂anti-rusting grease 防锈脂anti-static tile 反静电砖anti-sweat insulation 防湿绝缘anticorodal aluminum 耐蚀铝(一系族可热处理耐腐蚀的铝合金) antiferroelectric 反强电介体的antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性(从物)antimonial lead 含锑铅antimony yellow 锑黄antimony (SB,51)锑antiphase domain 逆相区antique glass 仿古玻璃anvil 砧anylyzing magnet 分析磁铁apatite 磷灰石API (American Petroleum Institute)美国石油学会aplite 半花冈岩apparent density 视密度apparent hardness 视硬度apparent modulus 视模数apparent porosity 视孔率apparent solid density 视固体密度apparent solid volume 视固体体积apparent specific gravity 视比重application box 操做箱application specific IC（ASIC）特殊应用IC application specific standard produce 特殊应用标准产品aqua regia 王水aquadag 胶体石墨aragonite 文石，霰石aragonite 文石arbor 心轴arborescent powder 树枝状粉未arc brick 拱砖arc chamber 电弧室，电弧腔arc cutting 电弧切割arc furmace 电弧炉arc furnace 电弧炉arc lamp annealer 弧光灯退火处理机arc melting, vacuum 真空电弧泰炼arc spraying 电弧喷敷法arc welding 电弧焊接arch brick 拱砖arch-frame press 拱架压机architectural bronze 建筑青铜archless continuous kiln 无拱连续窑archless kiln 无拱窑area defect test 面积缺陷试验arenaceous limestone 矽质灰石argent Francais 亚琴法兰西合金(含(35-60%Cu,20-40%Ag,3-30%Ni)argentine metal 阿根近金属(含85%Sn,15%Sb 为廉价首饰用白色铸造合金与alger metal 相若)argillaceous limestone 黏土质灰石argillaceous materials 黏土质材料argon arc welding 氩气，电弧焊接argon purifier 氩纯化器argon (Ar,18)氩argonaut welding 氩伴自动[电弧]焊接armco iron 亚姆克铁(工业用纯铁)armor plate 装甲板Armouring 装甲arrest point 停留点arrhenius equation 阿瑞尼氏方程式Arrhenius graph/Arrhenius plot 阿列尼厄图表arris 锋口arsenic (As,22)砷arsenical copper 含砷铜art marbles 艺术大理石artic bronze 北极青铜(硬模铸造含铅青铜) artificial abrasive 人造磨消料artificial age-hardening 人工时效硬化artificial aging 人工时效artificial graphite 人造石墨artificial graphite 人造石墨artificial magnet 人造磁体artificial meteor 人造流星artificial nuclear 人造核artificial puzzolana cement 人造火山灰水泥artwork 工艺图as cast [condition] 铸造状态as ingot [condition] 铸锭状态as quenched [condition] 淬火状态as received [condition] 原有状挚as rolled [condition] 巴制状态as-cut wafer 原切割晶圆ASARCO shaft furnace 亚萨柯直井炉asbestine 石棉质asbestos 石棉asbestos pulp 石棉浆asbolite 钴土(从矿)ascending kiln 阶级窑；目字窑ash 灰ASIC micro computer 微电脑aspect ratio 纵横尺寸比asperity 平坦表面之突点asphalt1 沥青 2柏油asphalt block 柏油砖，沥青砖asphalt cement 沥青胶泥asphalt coal 沥青煤asphalt cutback 涂料沥青asphalt felt 油毛毡asphalt flux 沥青溶剂asphalt paper 沥青纸asphaltene 沥青质asphaltic base 沥青基asphaltic fitumen 沥青系asphaltization 沥青化asphaltum 沥青，柏油(同asphalt)assayijng试金astatine(At,85) 砹asterism 星芒(模糊星状绕射点)aston process 艾士通[熟铁制造]法asynchronous design 非同步设计AT speed test 时间延迟测试athermal transformation 非热变态atlas alloy 亚特拉斯合金(一种含9%Al,1þ 的铝青铜)Atmosphere 蒙气Atmosphere corrosion 大气腐蚀atmosphere pressure method 大气压法atmospheric pressure CVD system 大气压CVD 系统atmospheric pressure vapor phase epitaxial growth system 大气压汽相磊晶生长系统atmospheric presure vapor phase epitaxial growth system 大气压汽相磊晶生长系统atmospheric thermal oxidation furnace 大气压热氧化炉Atom 原子Atom size1 原子粒度 2原子大小Atomalloy treatment 超硬渗透处理Atomic chain reaction 原子连销反应Atomic coordinate 原子配位Atomic disintegration 原子蜕变Atomic energy 原子能atomic force microscope 原子间力显微镜Atomic form factor 原子构型因素Atomic heat 原子热atomic layer epitaxial growth system 原子层磊晶生长系统Atomic mass 原子质量Atomic number 原子序Atomization 雾化Atomized metal powder 雾化金属粉Atomizing 雾化ATR alloyA.T.R 合金(含0.5%Cu,0.5%Mo之Zr合金用於以CO2冷却之反应物) Attack 侵蚀Attraction force 吸引力Attrition 擦耗attrition mill 磨粉机audio signal measurement 声频信号测试Audiolloy 音响用合金(一种导磁性极高之铁镍合金)auger 螺钻Auger electron appearance spectroscopy 奥格电子出现电位光谱学Auger electron spectrometer 奥谐电子分光仪Auger electron spectroscopy 奥格电子光谱学Ausaging 沃斯时效Ausforming 沃斯成形法Austempering 沃斯回火Austenite1 沃斯田铁 2沃斯田体Austenite grain size 沃斯田体晶粒大小Austenitic alloy steel 沃斯田合金钢Austenitic cast iron 沃斯田铸铁Austenitic chrome nickel steel 沃斯田镍铬钢Austenitic manganese steel 沃斯田锰钢Austenitic stainless steel 沃斯田不锈钢Austenitic structure 沃斯田铁组织Austenitizing (austenitising)沃斯田铁化Austenitizing temperature 沃斯田铁化温度Australian gold 澳大利亚金(8.33%Ag,其余为Au)Auto frettage 自紧法auto placement and routing 自动配置与配线Autoclave1 热压釜2 均压釜 3蒸煮釜Autoclave test 热压膨胀试验Autoclaved light weight concrete 热压养护轻质混凝土autocombustion system 自动燃烧系统Autogenous welding 自熔熔接autohandler 自动程序处理机autolysis 自消化Automatic batching equipment 自动配料设备automatic calibration function 自动校正功能automatic chemical diluting and mixing equipment 药品自动稀释混合设备Automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic damper/exhaust for coater 自动风门/涂料器排气automatic diameter control system 自动直径控制器automatic exhaust air mechanism 自动排热机构automatic fire extinguisher 自动灭火机automatic flatness controller 自动平面度控制器Automatic gauge controlAGC 自动仪表控制automatic melt level control system 自动融液面控制器automatic pressure contol 自动压力控制automatic probe to pad alignment function 自动探针对准衬垫功能automatic single wafer polishing machine 自动单晶圆抛光机automatic sizing device 自动定尺寸装置automatic temperature controller 自动温度控制器automatic test equipment 自动测试装置automatic test pattern generation 自动产生测试图案automatic test program generator 自动测试程式产生器automatically cutter set 自动切割机设定automatically set-up 自动调定Autoradiography1 辐射热自记法；2放射线自记法Auxiliary anode 辅助阳极availability 利用度，利用率available lime 有效石灰aventurine glaze 金星釉Avialfe 艾维夫铜(一种铝青铜)Avogadro's number 亚佛加德罗[常]数axial ratio 轴率axinite 斧石Azurite 蓝铜矿(2CuCoo3、Cu(OH02)B-H curveB-H 曲线(同磁滞曲线)B.N.F. jet testB.N.F 喷射试验(测量电镀层厚度)babbitt metal１巴比合金２巴氏合金back and design 後端设计back annotation 背面注解back rack 背後接线架back roll 背压轧辊back sand 背砂back side damage 背侧损伤back side reference method 背侧基准法back spattering 反电泼(离子蚀刻)back stamp 背款back surface luster 背面光泽度back-reflection focusing came 背面反射聚焦照像机back-reflection pinhole camera 背面反射针孔照像机back-reflection x-ray exami 背面反射X 光检验backing 背里backing pad 衬垫backing plate 支撑板backlash 齿隙backside rinse 背面冲洗backspill 逆溢料backstop tongs 後挡钳backstreaming 回流backwall 後墙backward extrusion 逆向挤制backward spinning 逆向旋弯成型backward welding 後退熔接bacterial corrosion 细菌腐蚀bacterial oxidation 细菌氧化baddeleyite 二氧化锆矿badging 落款；标记baffle 挡板baffle mark 挡板痕Bag filter 袋滤器bag wall 盾墙bagging cement 袋装水泥bahnmetal 道金属(含0.7%Ca,0/6%Na,0.2%Al 0.05%Si, Li 或Ni 之铅基轴承合金) bainite chin 弯勒铁颚baked permeability 烘乾透气性baked strength 烘乾强度bakelite 电木baking core 烘乾砂心baking furnace 烘焙炉baking temperature uniformity 烘烤温度均质性baking unit oven 烘烤炉balance 天平；秤；均衡balanced blast cupola 均衡鼓风化铁炉balanced steel 平衡钢(一种半静钢)Balbach electrolytic process 巴巴赫电解法Balbach-Thum cell 巴森电解槽ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball bearing stee 滚珠轴承钢ball bonding 球形接合，球形压接ball clay 球[状][黏]土ball grid array 球状栅极阵列封装体ball mill１粉机２球磨机ball shape 球形，球状ball shear strength 球部抗切强度ball shear tester 球状压接端切变强度测试机ball size 球头尺寸，球形大小ballast 道碴balling 球状化bamboo leaves pattern 竹叶状(铁水)花纹band blade 条带刀片band saw 带锯band steel 钢带band theory 能带论band-run gravel 河岸砾石banded structure 带状组织banding 描边；边圈bank controller 触排控制器bank kiln 坡窑bank sand 河砂Banka tin 彭克锡(印尼彭克岛生产纯度99.7%之锡)banks 斜床bannering 修边Banox process 斑诺克斯法(以磷酸处理钢线，使拉制时产生润滑作用) bar１棒２杆３条bar drawing 条杆拉制bar iron 铁条bar mill 棒料轧机bar solder 软焊条Barba's law 巴巴定律bare electrode 裸熔接条bare metal 裸金属barffing 发黑处理(形成黑色磁铁层之蒸汽处理)barite 重晶石barium (Ba, 56)钡barium ferrite 钡铁氧磁体barium titanate 钛酸钡Bark Hausen effect 巴好生效应(磁化)Bark Hausen jumps 巴好生跳跃(磁化时之一种现象)barn (1 barn=10-24 cm2)邦(原子核截面积单位)Barr-Bardgett creep test 巴尔-巴德格潜变试验barrel asher 圆筒型灰化机barrel finishing 打磨barrel type plasma etching system 圆筒型等离子体蚀刻系统barreling 装桶Barret effect 巴瑞德效应(材料磁化体积膨胀现象)barrier 障壁Barronia 巴隆尼尔(防锈黄铜，用於冷凝管,82-85%Cu, 4%Sn, 1%Fe, 其余为Zn) basal plane 基面basalt 玄武岩basalt ware 玄武陶base bullion 含银粗铅base coat 底涂base exchange 硷交换base line 基线base metal１卑金属２母材base metal thermocouple 卑金属热电偶base permeability 原砂透气性base-centered monoclinic 底心单斜Base-centered orthor hombic 底心斜方basic Bessemer converter 硷性柏思麦转炉basic Bessemer process 硷性柏思麦法basic Bessemer steel 硷性柏思麦钢basic brick 硷性砖basic electric arc furnace 硷性电弧炉basic electric furnace 硷性电炉basic lining１硷性衬里２硷性炉衬basic material 硷性材料basic open hearth furnace 硷性平炉basic open-hearth furnace 硷性平炉basic oxygen converter 硷性氧气转炉basic oxygen process 硷性氧气炼钢法basic pig iron 硷性生铁basic refractory 硷性耐火材料basic slag 硷性渣basic steel 硷性钢basic water content 基本含水量basicity 硷度basin 槽，池，盆basis metal 心材(包层产品之中心金属)basket ware 蓝纹陶bat 垫饼；泥饼；半截砖batch 批[料]batch meter 批量计batch processing 分批处理batch wafer retrieval 晶圆片回批取出batch weights 批重batch [type] furnace 批式炉batch-to-batch dose uniformity 批次间之注入均质性batch-type annealing furnace 批式退火炉batch-type mixer 批拌机batch-type mixer 分批混合机batching equipment 配料设备batching plant 配料工厂bath 浴bath metal 脆铜(廉价装饰用具，其成份为55%Cu, 其余为Zn) bath stabilizer 镀浴安定剂bath to bath transport time 槽间输送时间bath with filter for circulation solution 循环过滤洗条槽battering tool 鎚击工具batterium alloy 含镍铝青铜(9%Al, 1%Ni, 其余为Cu)batting out machine 平椪机Baume hydrometer 波美比重计Baume's scale 波美度(比重单位)bauschinger effect 鲍辛格效应bauxite 水矾土，铝矾土bauxite brick 矾土砖bauxite cement 铝矾土水泥Bayer process 拜耳法bead１熔珠；焊珠２珠bead weld 联珠泰接beaded rolls 起脊辊子beading 起脊beading enamel 逸缘釉beam 梁beam current 波束电流beam diameter 光束直径beam energy 波束能量beam filter 波束滤波器beam focusing system 波束聚焦系统beam positioner 光束定位器beam positioning accuracy 光束定位精确度beam stability 波束安定性beam, HH 型梁beam, II 型梁beam, wide-flange 宽缘梁bearing bronze 轴承青铜bearing corrosion 轴承腐蚀bearing metals 轴承金属Beck aluminium recovery process 贝克铝品收法bed 床面bed cok 底焦bedding 垫底bedding system 层集系统bedding, stratification 层理beehive coke 蜂巢炉焦炭beehive oven 蜂房炼焦炉behavioral description language 性能记述语言behavioral schematic editor 性能简图编辑器behavioral simulator 性能模拟器behavioral synthesis/behavioral synthesizer 性能合成/性能合成器beidellite 贝德石(从矿)Beilby layer 比耳拜层(金属研磨样品表面形成之30-50%A 厚之非晶体层) belite 矽酸二钙bell and hoppe 钟斗形盖\(鼓风炉)bell bronze 钟青铜，响铜bell damper 钟形风门bell metal 钟用合金bell-type furnace 钟式炉belljar 钟罩型反应器bellows pump 风箱泵belly 炉腹belt conveyor 带运机belt drop hammer 皮带落鎚belt grinding[ 连续]带研磨belt hammer 皮带鎚belt kiln 带式窑beltless transfer system 无带式输送系统bench mold 台制砂模bench molde 台制砂模工bend test 弯曲试验bendability 弯曲性bender１弯曲机２弯曲模bender, free-flow 开放式弯曲模bender, trapped-stock 关闭式弯曲模bending 弯曲bending roll 卷板机bending, air 空中弯曲bending, compression 压缩弯曲bending, roll 辊筒弯曲bending, stretch 拉伸弯曲benedict metal 班耐迪克金属(10%Ni, 20%Zn, 10%Pb, 2%Sn，其余为铜) benefaction 初选(矿)beneficiation 提选Bengough-Stuart process 班哥-可徙尔法(轻金属在3%铬酸中之阳极处理法) bentonite１膨土２土般土３火山黏土Berkelium (Bk, 97)(金北)berlin porcelain 柏林瓷Bernoulli chuck 伯努利吸盘Berrelius process 柏里法beryl 绿宝石beryllia 敛气(气化铍)berylliosis 铍毒效应beryllium (Be, 4)铍beryllium bronze 铍青铜beryllium-copper alloy 铍铜合金Bessemer cast steel 柏思麦铸钢Bessemer converter 柏思麦转炉Bessemer iron 柏思麦生铁Bessemer ore 柏思麦铁矿Bessemer pig iron 柏思麦生铁Bessemer process 柏思麦法Bessemer steel 柏思麦钢best fit plan reference 最妥适平面基准best fit plane reference 最妥适平面基准beta particleβ粒子beta structureβ组织beta treatmentβ处理beta (β)brassβ黄铜beta (β)graphiteβ石墨beta (β)ironβ铁Betts electrolytic lead process 柏兹电解铅法Betts electrolytic process 柏兹电解法bevel 斜角；截成斜角bevel brick 斜砖bevel cut 斜角切割bias 偏压bias sputtering system 偏压溅镀系统biaxial stress 双轴应力biaxiality 双轴应力比billet 小[纲]坯billet mill 小坯轧机bimetallic corrosion 双金属腐蚀bimetals 双金属bin 测试结果之分门类别bin-dicator 料面指示器binary alloy 二元合金binary decision diagram 双择判定图binary scale pattern recognition 二值标度图案识别binary scan 二进扫描binary search 二次搜索binary system 二元系binder 黏结剂binding material 结合剂binding, draw 拉延弯曲biological corrosion 生物腐蚀biotite 黑云母biquartz 双石英片birefringent 双折射Birmabright 柏玛勃莱合金(含1-7%Mg 之一组铝合金)Birmetal 柏尔合金(含0-4.5%Cu, 5-6%Zn, 0.5-3%Mg, 0.3%Cr 之铝合金) Birmingham platinum (或platima)伯明罕白金(20-45%Cu, 其余为Zn) biscuit 素烧坯biscuit firing 素烧biscuit ware 无釉器；素烧呣Bismanol 铋化锰(一种磁性材料)bismuth (Bi, 83)铋bismuth luster 铋光料bismuth telluride 石帝化铋(一种热电材料)bisque 素烧坯bit defect test 点缺陷试验bitstone 碎矽石Bitter pattern 毕德氏磁区图bituminous cement 沥青胶泥bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous coating 沥青涂面black annealing 黑色退火black ash 黑灰black body 黑体black edging 黑边black heart malleable cast ir 黑心可锻铸铁，黑心展性铸铁black iron plate 黑铁板black lead 石墨。
材料工程专业英语词汇
材料工程专业英语词汇Essential Vocabulary in Materials Engineering.Materials engineering, an interdisciplinary field,deals with the properties, structure, processing, and performance of materials. It is crucial in variousindustries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction, among others. Given the complexity and diversity of the field, a robust vocabulary is essentialfor effective communication and understanding. Here's a compilation of essential vocabulary related to materials engineering:1. Materials Science: The study of the structure, properties, and behavior of materials at atomic and molecular levels.2. Materials Engineering: The application of materials science principles to the design, development, and production of materials for use in engineering applications.3. Phase: A distinct thermodynamic state of matter, characterized by uniform chemical composition and structure throughout.4. Microstructure: The arrangement and configuration of atoms, molecules, or ions within a material, which determines its mechanical, electrical, and other properties.5. Alloy: A material made by combining two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.6. Polymer: A large molecule composed of repeating structural units, often formed by chemical reactions between monomers.7. Composite: A material made up of two or more constituent materials with distinct properties, combined to create a material with desired overall properties.8. Ceramic: A solid material made from inorganic non-metallic compounds, typically hard, brittle, and heat-resistant.9. Metallurgy: The science and technology of working with metals, including their extraction, purification, alloying, and processing.10. Crystallography: The study of the internal structure of crystals, including their atomic arrangement and symmetry.11. Nanomaterials: Materials with dimensions on the nanometer scale (1-100 nm), exhibiting unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.12. Biomaterials: Materials used in medical applications, such as implants, prostheses, and drug delivery systems, that interact with biological systems.13. Smart Materials: Materials that can respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, stress, or electromagnetic fields, by altering their properties.14. Fatigue: The progressive damage accumulation in a material due to repeated stress cycles, leading to failure.15. Corrosion: The degradation of materials due to chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment.16. Fracture: The separation of a material into two or more pieces due to the application of stress exceeding its strength.17. Plasticity: The ability of a material to deform permanently without fracturing under applied stress.18. Elasticity: The ability of a material to recoverits original shape and size after deformation caused by applied stress.19. Diffusion: The spontaneous movement of atoms or molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.20. Sintering: The process of joining powder particles into a solid mass by heating them to a temperature below their melting point.This list provides a foundation of vocabulary essential for materials engineering. However, the field is vast and constantly evolving, necessitating continuous learning and expansion of vocabulary. The terminology used in materials engineering is often specific and technical, making it crucial for professionals in the field to stay updated with the latest terminology and concepts.。
材料专业英语必背词汇word资料6页
Chapter 1alloy 合金atomic-scale architecture 原子尺度结构（构造）brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料concrete 混凝土conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的devitrified 反玻璃化的（晶化的）ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素fiberglass 玻璃钢glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的microcircuitry 微电路microscopic-scale architecture 微观尺度结构（构造）noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polyethylene 聚乙烯polymer 聚合物property 性能（质）refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silica 石英、二氧化硅silicate 硅酸盐silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材Chapter 7aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢high-strength low-alloy steel 高强度低合金钢Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值Hooke’s law 胡克定律carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁lead alloy 铅合金Charpy test Charpy试验low-alloy steel 低合金钢cold working 冷作加工lower yield point 屈服点下限copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁primary stage 第一（初期）阶段martensitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢secondary stage 第二阶段modulus of elasticity 弹性模量tertiary(final)? stage 第三（最后）阶段modulus of rigidity 刚性模量dislocation climb 位错攀（爬）移nickel alloy 镍合金ductile iron 球墨铸铁nickel-aluminum superalloy 镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittle transition temperature 韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrous alloy 非铁合金ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形Poission’s ratio 泊松比engineering strain 工程应变precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation-hardened stainless steel 沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatigue curve 疲劳曲线rapidly solidified alloy 速凝合金/快速固化合金fatigue strength (endurance limit) 疲劳强度（耐久极限）refractory? metal 耐火（高温）金属ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度ferrous alloy 铁基合金shear modulus 剪（切）模量fracture mechanics 断裂机制shear strain 剪（切）应变fracture toughness 断裂韧性shear stress 剪（切）应力gage length 标距（长度），计量长度，有效长度solution hardening 固溶强化galvanization 电镀，镀锌steel 钢strain hardening 应变强化white iron 白铁，白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢Young’s modulus 杨氏模量toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金upper yield point 屈服点上限Chapter 8annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃clay 粘土melting range 熔化（温度）范围soda-lime silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color 颜色modulus of rupture 断裂模量softening point 软化点cosine law 余弦定律network former 网络形成体specular reflection 镜面反射creep 蠕变netwrok modifier 网络修饰体/网络外体static fatigue 静态疲劳crystalline ceramic 晶态陶瓷nonoxide ceramic 非氧化物陶瓷structural clay product 粘土类结构制品diffuse reflection 漫反射nonsilicate glass 非硅酸盐玻璃surface gloss 表面光泽E-glass 电子玻璃（E玻璃）nonsilicate oxide ceramic 非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷tempered glass 钢化玻璃electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷nuclear ceramic 核用陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率enamel 搪瓷nucleate 成（形）核thermal shock 热震Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Opacity 乳浊transformation toughening 相变增韧fracture toughness 断裂韧性optical property 光学性质translucency 半透明Fresnel’s formula Fresnel公式partially stabilized zirconia ??部分稳定氧化锆transparency 透明glass 玻璃polar diagram 极坐标图viscosity 粘度glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery 陶器（制造术）viscous deformation 粘性变形glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度pure oxide 纯氧化物vitreous silica 无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze 釉reflectance 反射（率）whiteware 白瓷Griffith crack model Griffith裂纹模型refractive index 折射率working range 工作（温度）范围intermediate 中间体/中间的Chapter 9Chapter 10admixture 外加剂fiberglass 玻璃钢metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料aggregate 聚集体fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料aggregate composite 聚集体复合材料hardwood 硬质木材polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性hemicellulose 半纤维素portland cement 波特兰水泥cement 水泥interfacial strength 界面结合强度property averaging 性能平均ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料isostrain 等应变radial cell 径向细胞concrete 混凝土isotress 等应力softwood 软质木材continuous fiber 连续纤维isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度discrete (chopped) fiber 不连续（短切）纤维laminate 层状的strength-to-weight ratio 强度质量比率dispersion-strengthened metal 弥散强化金属lignin 木质素whisker 晶须longitudinal cell 经向（纵向）纤维wood 木材woven fabric 纺织构造E-glass 电子玻璃matrix 基质（体）philosophy 基本原理cross over 交叉，穿过，跨越restriction 限制（定）configuration 构造（形式），结构align 使成一直线（一行）elongate 拉长（的）/延伸（的）aggregate 集料，粒料，骨料chop 切utility 效用，实用，功用in regard for 考虑到cite 引用（证、述），援引，列举，举出（例），提到，谈到embed 埋置，把? 嵌入（或插入）dielectric 电介质implication 含意（义）epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 聚醚酮醚polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 聚苯亚砜entrant 新到者requisite 必需的imitate 仿deciduous 每年落叶的，非永久的commonality 共性，共同特点dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地，直立地longitudinal 经度的，纵向的sap 树液cellulose 纤维素alignment 直线排列phenol-propane 苯酚-丙烷manifest 显示，出现，显露dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明staggering 令人惊愕的igneous 火成的inspection 检查，视察interstice 空隙，裂缝enclose 包围，封闭entrain 混（气泡）于混凝土中entrap 截留的，夹杂的thaw 融化（解），解冻identify 认识，鉴定，确定generality 一般（性），一般原则，普遍（性），通则consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调，重点，重要性axially 轴向weighted average 加权平均elementary 基本的reverse 相反的rigorous 严格的，严密的，精确的bound 限度take for granted 被忽略（视）communicate 传达，传递deflect 偏转unless otherwise state 除非另外说明appreciation 正确评价，鉴别substantial 多的，大的，大量的offset 弥补，抵消，偏移assembly 装配，组装，总成Chapter 11capacitor 电容器electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对piezoelectric coupling coefficient 压电耦合系数ceramic 陶瓷electronic conduction 电子传导piezoelectric effect 压电效应charge carrier 载流子energy band 能带polymer 聚合物charge density 电荷密度energy band gap 能隙positive charge carrier 正载流子coercive field 矫顽（电）场energy level 能级PZT 锆钛酸铅conduction band 导带extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体remanent polarization 剩余极化conductivity 传导率Fermi function 费米函数resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体Fermi level 费米能级resistance 电阻current 电流ferroelectric 铁电性reverse piezoelectric effect逆压电效应dielectric 介电性，介电体free electron 自由电子saturization polarization 饱和极化dielectric constant 介电常数glass 玻璃Seebeck potential 赛贝克（电）势dielectric strength 介电强度hysteresis loop （电）滞回线semiconductor 半导体domain （电）畴insulator 绝缘体spontaneous polarization 自发极化drift velocity 漂移速率intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体superconductor 超导体electric permittivity 电容率，介电常数metal 金属temperature coefficient of resistivity 电阻率温度系数electrical conduction 电导negative charge carrier 负载流子electrical field strength 电场强度Ohm’s law 欧姆定律thermocouple 热（电）偶electrically poled 电极化的orbital 轨道transducer 变（转）换器/换能器electron 电子paraelectric 顺电性的valence band 价带electron hole 电子空穴Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理voltage 电压commonality （特点等的）共有，共同特点，共性in light of 按照，根据manifestation 显示，表明，表现，表现形式，现象give way to 让路（步），退让，让位，屈服spacing 间隔（距）abstract 抽象reciprocal 倒数的mobility 迁移率drift 漂移precisely 正好地hypothetical 假（设）定的delocalize 使离开原位extension 扩展（充）pseudocontinuous 准连续的nature 自然状态conductive to 有助（益）的on the order of (数值)相当于，大约，数量级为，跟相似的accessibility 能进入（的），可得到（的）inability 无能（力）attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动wave packet 波包（群）irregularity 不规则，无规律reminiscent 回忆往事的，提醒的，暗示的ultimately 最后（终）于trace 追溯，上溯ambient 周围的（环境）tabulate 把......制成表格，列表finite 有限的empirical 经验的ironically 冷嘲的，具有讽刺意味的，用反语的，挖苦的，令人啼笑皆非的synchronization 同时发生，同步cooperative 配合account for 解释，占多少比例speculation 思索cryogenic 低温学的appreciable 可评估的，可感知的breakdown 崩溃，击穿subsection 细分asymmetrical 不对称的dipole 偶极子polarization 极化crystallographic 晶体的，晶体学的at the expense of 以…..为代价symmetrical 对称的exaggerate 夸张（大）extrapolate 推断（知），外推induce 诱导prefix 前缀intriguing 引起? 的兴趣（或好奇心）stem from 由…引起的，产生（起源、归因于），出身于constrain 强迫，抑制，约束straightforward 简单，易懂的ensuring 确保，保证pseudo-single crystal 准单晶consolidate 加固，使合成一体transmitter 变送器，发射机oscillation 振动megahertz MHzChapter 12acceptor level 受主能级device 元件impurity 杂质amorphous semiconductor 无定形半导体diode 二极管intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体amplifier 放大器donor level 施主能级microcircuit 微电路Arrhenius behavior ???Arrhenius行为dopant 掺杂剂n-type semiconductor ??n型半导体base 基极drain 漏极p-n junction? ??p-n结carrier mobility 载流子迁移（率）electron hole 电子空穴p-type semiconductor? p型半导体chalcogenide 硫族（属）化物emitter 发射极rectifier 整流器charge 电荷energy band gap 能隙reverse bias ?反向偏置charge carrier ??载流子exhaustion range 耗尽区saturation range 饱和区charge density 电荷密度extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体source 源极chip （基）片Fermi function 费米函数thermal activation 热激活collector 集电极Fermi level 费米能级III-V compound III-V化合物compound semiconductor 化合物半导体field-effect transistor (FET) 场效应晶体管II-VI compound II-VI化合物conduction band 导带forward bias 正向偏置transistor 晶体管conduction electron 传导电子gate 栅极valence band 价带conductivity 传导率Hall effect 霍尔效应clustered 丛生，成群overlap 交迭activation 活化，激活occurrence 发生，出现，事件，发生的事情dominate 支配，占优势semilog 半对数的ambient 周围（环境）的phosphorus 磷plateau 平原/平台compensation 补（赔）偿intimate 亲密at right angle 成直角sideways 侧（横）向in order 整齐，状态良好，适应on the average 平均，按平均数计算，一般地说zinc blende 闪锌矿counterpart 配对物threshold 开始（端），极限photovoltaic 光电nondepletable 耗不尽的silane 硅烷xerography 静电复印术photoconductive 光敏polarization 极化herald 先驱，先兆excess 过量的，额外的，附加的overshoot 过冲distort 畸变，使失真Chapter 13antiparallel spin pairing 反平行（电子）对domain (bloch) wall 畴壁flux density 通量（磁力线）密度eddy current 涡流garnet 石榴子石Bohr magneton 玻尔磁子electron spin 电子自旋hard magnet 硬（永）磁铁（体）ceramic magnet 陶瓷磁铁（体）energy loss 能（量）损（失）hysteresis loop （磁）滞回线coercive field 矫顽（磁）场exchange interaction 交互作用induction 感应（诱导）coercive force矫顽（磁）力ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性，（亚）铁磁性inverse spinel 反尖晶石diamagnetism 抗（反）磁性ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体Joule heating 焦耳热domain structure 畴结构ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic field 磁场metallic magnet 金属磁体soft magnet 软（暂时）磁体（铁）magnetic field strength 磁场强度paramagnetism 顺磁性spinel 尖晶石magnetic flux line 磁通量（力）线permanent magnet 永（久）磁体superconducting magnet 超导磁体magnetic moment 磁矩permeability 导磁性（率）textured micostructure 织构magnetism 磁性preferred orientation 择优取向transition metal 过渡金属magnetite 磁铁矿（石）relative permeability 相对（磁）导率transition metal ion 过渡金属离子magnetization 磁化remanent induction 剩余感应YIG 钇铁石榴子石Magnetoplumbite 磁铅石，磁铁铅矿saturation induction 饱和感应nomenclature 命名routinely 常规，惯例counterpart 对手modest 小的reversible 可逆的traced out 探寻踪（轨）迹primitive 原始的，早期的，开始的，基本的，简单的visualize 目测，观察，设想relativistic 相对论的aligned 排列好的distinction （差）区别，特性tetrahedrally 四面体的octahedrally 八面体的inventory 清单，目录cancellation 抵（取）消traverse 在?? 上来回移动，沿? 来回移动flunctuate 波动，涨落，起伏，动摇不定ingot 铸模，铸块，锭fidelity 保真Samarium 钐Alnico 磁钢simultaneously 同时发生的product? (乘)积solenoid 螺线管deflection 偏转interchangeably 可交（互）换的，可代替的gem 宝石dodecahedral 十二面体的waveguide 波导hexagonal 六方晶系的strontium 锶fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的perovskite 钙钛矿availability 利用（或获得）的可能性levitation 悬浮。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
材料专业英语常见词汇（一Structure 组织Ceramic 陶瓷Ductility 塑性Stiffness 刚度Grain 晶粒Phase 相Unit cell 单胞Bravais lattice 布拉菲点阵Stack 堆垛Crystal 晶体Metallic crystal structure 金属性晶体点阵 Non-directional 无方向性Face-centered cubic 面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方 Hexagonal close-packed 密排六方 Copper 铜Aluminum 铝Chromium 铬 Tungsten 钨Crystallographic Plane 晶面 Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property 性质 Miller indices 米勒指数Lattice parameters 点阵参数Tetragonal 四方的Hexagonal 六方的Orthorhombic 正交的Rhombohedra 菱方的Monoclinic 单斜的Prism 棱镜Cadmium 镉 Coordinate system 坐Point defec点缺陷 Lattice 点阵 Vacancy 空位Solidification 结晶Interstitial 间隙Substitution 置换Solid solution strengthening 固溶强化Diffusion 扩散Homogeneous 均匀的Diffusion Mechanisms 扩散机制Lattice distortion 点阵畸变Self-diffusion 自扩散Fick’s First Law菲克第一定律 Unit time 单位时间Coefficient 系数Concentration gradient 浓度梯度Dislocations 位错Linear defect 线缺陷Screw dislocation 螺型位错Edge dislocation 刃型位错Vector 矢量Loop 环路Burgers’vector柏氏矢量Perpendicular 垂直于Surface defect 面缺陷Grain boundary 晶界Twin boundary 晶界 Shear force 剪应力Deformation 变形Small ( or low) angel grain boundary 小角度晶界Tilt boundary 倾斜晶界Supercooled 过冷的Solidification 凝固Ordering process 有序化过程Crystallinity 结晶度Microstructure 纤维组织Term 术语Phase Diagram 相图Equilibrium 平衡Melt 熔化Cast 浇注Crystallization 结晶Binary Isomorphous Systems 二元匀晶相图Soluble 溶解Phase Present 存在相Locate 确定Tie line 连接线Isotherm 等温线Concentration 浓度Intersection 交点The Lever Law 杠杆定律Binary Eutectic System 二元共晶相图Solvus Line 溶解线Invariant 恒定Isotherm 恒温线Cast Iron 铸铁Ferrite 珠光体Polymorphic transformation 多晶体转变Austenite 奥氏体Revert 回复Intermediate compound 中间化合物Cementite 渗碳体Vertical 垂线Nonmagnetic 无磁性的Solubility 溶解度Brittle 易脆的Eutectic 共晶Eutectoid invariant point 共析点Phase transformation 相变Allotropic 同素异形体Recrystallization 再结晶Metastable 亚稳的Martensitic transformation 马氏体转变Lamellae 薄片Simultaneously 同时存在Pearlite 珠光体Ductile 可塑的Mechanically 机械性能Hypo eutectoid 过共析的Particle 颗粒Matrix 基体Proeutectoid 先共析Hypereutectoid 亚共析的Bainite 贝氏体Martensite 马氏体Linearity 线性的Stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线Proportional limit 比例极限Tensile strength 抗拉强度Ductility 延展性Percent reduction in area 断面收缩率Hardness 硬度Modulus of Elasticity 弹性模量Tolerance 公差Rub 摩擦Wear 磨损Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀性Aluminum 铝Zinc 锌Iron ore 铁矿Blast furnace 高炉Coke 焦炭Limestone 石灰石Slag 熔渣Pig iron 生铁Ladle 钢水包Silicon 硅Sulphur 硫Wrought 可锻的Graphite 石墨Flaky 片状Low-carbon steels 低碳钢Case hardening 表面硬化Medium-carbon steels 中碳钢Electrode 电极As a rule 通常Preheating 预热Quench 淬火Body-centered lattice 体心晶格Carbide 碳化物Hypereutectoid 过共晶Chromium 铬Manganese 锰Molybdenum 钼Titanium 钛Cobalt 钴Tungsten 钨Vanadium 钒Pearlitic microstructure 珠光体组织Martensitic microstructure 马氏体组织Viscosity 粘性Wrought 锻造的Magnesium 镁Flake 片状Malleable 可锻的Nodular 球状Spheroidal 球状Superior property 优越性Galvanization 镀锌Versatile 通用的Battery grid 电极板Calcium 钙Tin 锡Toxicity 毒性Refractory 耐火的Platinum 铂Polymer 聚合物Composite 混合物Erosive 腐蚀性Inert 惰性Thermo chemically 热化学Generator 发电机Flaw 缺陷Variability 易变的Annealing 退火Tempering 回火Texture 织构Kinetic 动力学Peculiarity 特性Critical point 临界点Dispersity 弥散程度Spontaneous 自发的Inherent grain 本质晶粒Toughness 韧性Rupture 断裂Kinetic curve of transformation 转变动力学曲线Incubation period 孕育期Sorbite 索氏体Troostite 屈氏体Disperse 弥散的Granular 颗粒状Metallurgical 冶金学的Precipitation 析出Depletion 减少Quasi-eutectoid 伪共析Superposition 重叠Supersede 代替Dilatometric 膨胀Unstable 不稳定Supersaturate 使过饱和Tetragonality 正方度Shear 切变Displacement 位移Irreversible 不可逆的金属材料工程专业英语acid-base equilibrium酸碱平衡acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂acid bath酸槽acid（Bessemer）converter酸性转炉acid brick酸性耐火砖acid brittleness酸洗脆性、氢脆性acid burden酸性炉料acid clay酸性粘土acid cleaning （同pickling）酸洗acid concentration酸浓度acid converter酸性转炉acid converter steel酸性转炉钢acid content酸含量acid corrosion酸腐蚀acid deficient弱酸的、酸不足的acid dip 酸浸 acid dip pickler(沉浸式) 酸洗装置acid（dip）tank酸液（浸洗）槽acid drain tank排酸槽acidless descaling无酸除鳞acid medium酸性介质acid mist酸雾acid-proof paint耐酸涂料（漆）acid-proof steel耐酸钢acid-resistant耐酸钢acid-resisting vessel耐酸槽acid strength酸浓度acid supply pump供酸泵acid wash酸洗acid value酸值acid wash solution酸洗液acieration渗碳、增碳Acm point Acm转变点（渗碳体析出温度）acorn nut螺母、螺帽acoustic absorption coefficient声吸收系数acoustic susceptance声纳actifier再生器action line作用线action spot作用点activated atom激活原子activated bath活化槽activated carbon活性碳activating treatment活化处理active corrosion活性腐蚀、强烈腐蚀active area有效面积active power有功功率、有效功率active product放射性产物active resistance有效电阻、纯电阻active roll gap轧辊的有效（或工作）开口度active state活性状态active surface有效（表）面activity coefficient激活系数、活度系数actual diameter（钢丝绳）实际直径actual efficiency实际效率actual error实际误差actual time实时actual working stress实际加工应力actuating device调节装置、传动装置、起动装置actuating lever驱动杆、起动杆actuating mechanism 动作机构、执行机构actuating motor驱动电动机、伺服电动机actuating pressure作用压力actuation shaft 起动轴actuator调节器、传动装置、执行机构acute angle锐角adaptive feed back control自适应反馈控制adaptive optimization自适应最优化adaptor接头、接合器、连结装置、转接器、附件材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu) 原子数Atomic number 原子量Atomic weight波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model 键能Bonding energy 库仑力Coulombic force共价键Covalent bond 分子的构型molecular configuration电子构型electronic configuration 负电的Electronegative 正电的Electropositive基态Ground state 氢键Hydrogen bond 离子键Ionic bond 同位素Isotope金属键Metallic bond 摩尔Mole 分子Molecule 泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table 原子atom 分子molecule 分子量molecule weight极性分子Polar molecule 量子数quantum number 价电子valence electron范德华键van der waals bond 电子轨道electron orbitals 点群point group对称要素symmetry elements 各向异性anisotropy 原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF) 体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC)布拉格定律bragg’s law 配位数coordination number 晶体结构crystal structure晶系crystal system 晶体的crystalline 衍射diffraction 中子衍射neutron diffraction电子衍射electron diffraction 晶界grain boundary 六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 鲍林规则Pauling’s rules NaCl型结构NaCl-type structureCsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure 闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure 金红石型结构Rutile structure萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure 硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates岛状结构Island structure 链状结构Chain structure 层状结构Layer structure架状结构Framework structure 滑石talc 叶蜡石pyrophyllite 高岭石kaolinite石英quartz 长石feldspar 美橄榄石forsterite 各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy 晶格lattice 晶格参数lattice parameters 密勒指数miller indices 非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline 多晶形polymorphism 单晶single crystal 晶胞unit cell电位electron states(化合)价valence 电子electrons 共价键covalent bonding金属键metallic bonding 离子键Ionic bonding 极性分子polar molecules原子面密度atomic planar density 衍射角diffraction angle 合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grain size 显微结构microstructure 显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM)透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM) 重量百分数weight percent四方的tetragonal 单斜的monoclinic 配位数coordination number材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect, imperfection 点缺陷point defect 线缺陷line defect, dislocation面缺陷interface defect 体缺陷volume defect 位错排列dislocation arrangement位错线dislocation line 刃位错edge dislocation 螺位错screw dislocation混合位错mixed dislocation 晶界grain boundaries 大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries小角度晶界tilt boundary, 孪晶界twin boundaries 位错阵列dislocation array位错气团dislocation atmosphere 位错轴dislocation axis 位错胞dislocation cell位错爬移dislocation climb 位错聚结dislocation coalescence 位错滑移dislocation slip 位错核心能量dislocation core energy 位错裂纹dislocation crack位错阻尼dislocation damping 位错密度dislocation density原子错位substitution of a wrong atom 间隙原子interstitial atom晶格空位vacant lattice sites 间隙位置interstitial sites 杂质impurities弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder 肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder 主晶相the host lattice 错位原子misplaced atoms 缔合中心Associated Centers. 自由电子Free Electrons电子空穴Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量Burgers 克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体solid solution 固溶度solid solubility 化合物compound间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution 置换固溶体substitutional solid solution金属间化合物intermetallics 不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体ordered solid solution无序固溶体disordered solid solution 固溶强化solid solution strengthening取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions 过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution 非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound材料科学基础专业词汇:第三章熔体结构熔体结构structure of melt过冷液体supercooling melt 玻璃态vitreous state软化温度softening temperature 粘度viscosity 表面张力Surface tension介稳态过渡相metastable phase 组织constitution 淬火quenching退火的softened 玻璃分相phase separation in glasses 体积收缩volume shrinkage材料科学基础专业词汇:第四章固体的表面与界面表面surface 界面interface 同相界面homophase boundary异相界面heterophase boundary 晶界grain boundary 表面能surface energy小角度晶界low angle grain boundary 大角度晶界high angle grain boundary共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary 晶界迁移grain boundary migration错配度mismatch 驰豫relaxation 重构reconstuction 表面吸附surface adsorption表面能surface energy 倾转晶界titlt grain boundary 扭转晶界twist grain boundary倒易密度reciprocal density 共格界面coherent boundary 半共格界面semi-coherent boundary 非共格界面noncoherent boundary 界面能interfacial free energy应变能strain energy 晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation惯习面habit plane材料科学基础专业词汇:第五章相图相图phase diagrams 相phase 组分component 组元compoonent相律Phase rule 投影图Projection drawing 浓度三角形Concentration triangle冷却曲线Cooling curve 成分composition 自由度freedom相平衡phase equilibrium 化学势chemical potential 热力学thermodynamics相律phase rule 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule 自由能free energy吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy 吉布斯函数Gibbs function 热力学函数thermodynamics function热分析thermal analysis 过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling杠杆定律lever rule 相界phase boundary 相界线phase boundary line相界交联phase boundary crosslinking 共轭线conjugate lines相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking 相界反应phase boundary reaction相变phase change 相组成phase composition 共格相phase-coherent金相相组织phase constentuent 相衬phase contrast 相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy 相分布phase distribution相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant 相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram相变滞后phase transition lag 相分离phase segregation 相序phase order相稳定性phase stability 相态phase state 相稳定区phase stabile range相变温度phase transition temperature 相变压力phase transition pressure同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation 同素异晶转变allotropic transformation相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions 显微结构microstructures 低共熔体eutectoid不混溶性immiscibility材料科学基础专业词汇:第六章扩散活化能activation energy 扩散通量diffusion flux 浓度梯度concentration gradient菲克第一定律Fick’s first law 菲克第二定律Fick’s second law 相关因子correlation factor 稳态扩散steady state diffusion 非稳态扩散nonsteady-state diffusion扩散系数diffusion coefficient 跳动几率jump frequency填隙机制interstitalcy mechanism 晶界扩散grain boundary diffusion短路扩散short-circuit diffusion 上坡扩散uphill diffusion 下坡扩散Downhill diffusion互扩散系数Mutual diffusion 渗碳剂carburizing 浓度梯度concentration gradient浓度分布曲线concentration profile 扩散流量diffusion flux 驱动力driving force间隙扩散interstitial diffusion 自扩散self-diffusion 表面扩散surface diffusion空位扩散vacancy diffusion 扩散偶diffusion couple 扩散方程diffusion equation扩散机理diffusion mechanism 扩散特性diffusion property 无规行走Random walk达肯方程Dark equation 柯肯达尔效应Kirkendall equation本征热缺陷Intrinsic thermal defect 本征扩散系数Intrinsic diffusion coefficient离子电导率Ion-conductivity 空位机制Vacancy concentration材料科学基础专业词汇:第七章相变过冷supercooling 过冷度degree of supercooling 晶核nucleus 形核nucleation形核功nucleation energy 晶体长大crystal growth 均匀形核homogeneous nucleation非均匀形核heterogeneous nucleation 形核率nucleation rate 长大速率growth rate热力学函数thermodynamics function 临界晶核critical nucleus临界晶核半径critical nucleus radius 枝晶偏析dendritic segregation局部平衡localized equilibrium 平衡分配系数equilibrium distributioncoefficient有效分配系数effective distribution coefficient 成分过冷constitutional supercooling引领（领先）相leading phase 共晶组织eutectic structure 层状共晶体lamellar eutectic伪共晶pseudoeutectic 离异共晶divorsed eutectic 表面等轴晶区chill zone柱状晶区columnar zone 中心等轴晶区equiaxed crystal zone定向凝固unidirectional solidification 急冷技术splatcooling 区域提纯zone refining单晶提拉法Czochralski method 晶界形核boundary nucleation位错形核dislocation nucleation 晶核长大nuclei growth斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition 有序无序转变disordered-order transition马氏体相变martensite phase transformation 马氏体martensite材料科学基础专业词汇:第八、九章固相反应和烧结固相反应solid state reaction 烧结sintering 烧成fire 合金alloy 再结晶Recrystallization 二次再结晶Secondary recrystallization 成核nucleation 结晶crystallization子晶，雏晶matted crystal 耔晶取向seed orientation 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment 铁碳合金iron-carbon alloy渗碳体cementite 铁素体ferrite 奥氏体austenite 共晶反应eutectic reaction固溶处理solution heat treatment。