宗教改革和反宗教改革
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Typical practice during this time Invited people to debate the
issues
This officially began the Reformation
A. Beginning of the Reformation
a. Martin Luther’s experiences in church matters and his study of the Scriptures led him to post on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 theses, making open protests against the indulgences that had been in practice for centuries.
Gospel of Love and Ideas of Equality
a. As Martin declared that all believers were priests, so
he preached that all occupations were holy, from the blacksmith at his forge to the potter at his wheel.
b. Martin Luthur quoted the Scripture in support of his belief that men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences. This won sympathy among the exploited peasantry who had to yield a good part of their fruits of labor to the Church, as well as among the civil authorities who were forced to see their funds drained to the Roman Catholic Church for their worldly pleasures. c. Martin Luthur’s posting his 95 theses on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg, making open protests against the indulgences, marked the beginning of the Reformation.
2.Pre-Luther Religious Reformers
1）John Wycliff: 约翰 威克利夫
2
Jan Hus 扬 胡斯
1）John Wycliff: 约翰 威克利夫
Professor of Oxford University He believed :Christ is mans only overlord and that salvation depends upon predestination and grace His doctrine: Bible is the supreme authority and all men have access to the Scriptures in the vernacular To practice what he preached, he took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time.
3. Martin Luther and his doctrines
Martin Luther’s doctrines
1). Men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences 2) Bible was the supreme authority. He translated the Bible and made Bible accessible to the ordinary men. 3) Gospels of love and ideas of equality: all the believers were priests, all occupations were holy.
Prebysterian church基督教长老会 Some of ideas
Felt that men and women were sinful by
nature Bible is only source of religious truth God chooses very few people to save
Causes
Leaders of church were corrupt
Popes Patronized arts Spent extravagantly on personal items Fought wars (ie. Crusades) Lower clergy were poorly educated
4. John Calvin
Calvinism 加尔文主义/教 （加尔文） and Calvinism French theologian 法国神学家 Institute of the Christian Religion<基督 教原理>
----expressed his ideas about God, salvation, and human nature
95 Theses
Wrote 95 Theses attacking Tetzel and others who used indulgences Luther posted the statements on the door of the Wittenberg Chapel
Oct 31, 1517
DemanLeabharlann of the reformists:
Simplifying rituals（宗教等的仪式） Abolishing heavy taxes & indulgences Institutional reform of the Church（教会） Making Bible accissible to the common folks Liberating national economy and politics from Roman Catholic church Carry out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie.
2)Jan Hus 扬 胡斯
Czech religious leader Jan Hus, a Bohemian Czech religious leader, attacked the abuses of the Church. He was imprisoned and exiled for his reformist ideas and patriotic activities. His writings were condemned by the Roman Catholic Church and was sentenced to be burnt at stake. This triggered off the Hus War of Czech people for national liberation.
Others married, gambled, or drank excessively
reformaiton
1). The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement
as well as a socio-political movement. 2). The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted on the door of castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 theses inviting to debating on matters of practice and doctrine in the Church. 3). The Reformation was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.
Translation of the Bible
a. One of the doctrines of Martin Luthur was that the Bible
is the supreme authority and man is only bound to the law of word of God, not to the word of the clergy. b. Before the reformation, very few people in Europe read the Bible. Martin Luthur, with his translation of the New Testament and later the whole Bible into the vernacular made the Bible accessible to every man, to the average church goer. Because of that Martin could claim that the average man was better educated than many priests had formerly been and with that the control Pope had on the German mind could never restored.
In the history of Germany, Martin Luthur was more than a religious leader. He was a fighter for democracy and nationalism, a humanist who helped to build a competent educational system and a writer whose forceful language helped fix the standards of the modern German language.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was the German leader of the
Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church.
Predestination World divided into saints and sinners
Doctrines of Calvinism:
1) Stress the absolute authority of the God’s will 2) Only those specially elected by God are saved. 3) any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation
issues
This officially began the Reformation
A. Beginning of the Reformation
a. Martin Luther’s experiences in church matters and his study of the Scriptures led him to post on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 theses, making open protests against the indulgences that had been in practice for centuries.
Gospel of Love and Ideas of Equality
a. As Martin declared that all believers were priests, so
he preached that all occupations were holy, from the blacksmith at his forge to the potter at his wheel.
b. Martin Luthur quoted the Scripture in support of his belief that men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences. This won sympathy among the exploited peasantry who had to yield a good part of their fruits of labor to the Church, as well as among the civil authorities who were forced to see their funds drained to the Roman Catholic Church for their worldly pleasures. c. Martin Luthur’s posting his 95 theses on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg, making open protests against the indulgences, marked the beginning of the Reformation.
2.Pre-Luther Religious Reformers
1）John Wycliff: 约翰 威克利夫
2
Jan Hus 扬 胡斯
1）John Wycliff: 约翰 威克利夫
Professor of Oxford University He believed :Christ is mans only overlord and that salvation depends upon predestination and grace His doctrine: Bible is the supreme authority and all men have access to the Scriptures in the vernacular To practice what he preached, he took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time.
3. Martin Luther and his doctrines
Martin Luther’s doctrines
1). Men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences 2) Bible was the supreme authority. He translated the Bible and made Bible accessible to the ordinary men. 3) Gospels of love and ideas of equality: all the believers were priests, all occupations were holy.
Prebysterian church基督教长老会 Some of ideas
Felt that men and women were sinful by
nature Bible is only source of religious truth God chooses very few people to save
Causes
Leaders of church were corrupt
Popes Patronized arts Spent extravagantly on personal items Fought wars (ie. Crusades) Lower clergy were poorly educated
4. John Calvin
Calvinism 加尔文主义/教 （加尔文） and Calvinism French theologian 法国神学家 Institute of the Christian Religion<基督 教原理>
----expressed his ideas about God, salvation, and human nature
95 Theses
Wrote 95 Theses attacking Tetzel and others who used indulgences Luther posted the statements on the door of the Wittenberg Chapel
Oct 31, 1517
DemanLeabharlann of the reformists:
Simplifying rituals（宗教等的仪式） Abolishing heavy taxes & indulgences Institutional reform of the Church（教会） Making Bible accissible to the common folks Liberating national economy and politics from Roman Catholic church Carry out wars in the interests of the peasants and revolution in the interests of the bourgeoisie.
2)Jan Hus 扬 胡斯
Czech religious leader Jan Hus, a Bohemian Czech religious leader, attacked the abuses of the Church. He was imprisoned and exiled for his reformist ideas and patriotic activities. His writings were condemned by the Roman Catholic Church and was sentenced to be burnt at stake. This triggered off the Hus War of Czech people for national liberation.
Others married, gambled, or drank excessively
reformaiton
1). The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement
as well as a socio-political movement. 2). The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted on the door of castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 theses inviting to debating on matters of practice and doctrine in the Church. 3). The Reformation was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.
Translation of the Bible
a. One of the doctrines of Martin Luthur was that the Bible
is the supreme authority and man is only bound to the law of word of God, not to the word of the clergy. b. Before the reformation, very few people in Europe read the Bible. Martin Luthur, with his translation of the New Testament and later the whole Bible into the vernacular made the Bible accessible to every man, to the average church goer. Because of that Martin could claim that the average man was better educated than many priests had formerly been and with that the control Pope had on the German mind could never restored.
In the history of Germany, Martin Luthur was more than a religious leader. He was a fighter for democracy and nationalism, a humanist who helped to build a competent educational system and a writer whose forceful language helped fix the standards of the modern German language.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was the German leader of the
Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church.
Predestination World divided into saints and sinners
Doctrines of Calvinism:
1) Stress the absolute authority of the God’s will 2) Only those specially elected by God are saved. 3) any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas ceaseless work could be a sign of salvation