英语翻译基础考试大纲357
2023年暨南大学全国硕士真题357 英语翻译基础
It wasn’t the happiest marriage, but as their 60th anniversary approached, my sister and I decided to throw a party. We’d provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and they’d abide by one rule: no fighting. We had a wonderful day. In hindsight it was an important celebration, because soon after, things began to change for my parents. As Alzheimer's disease settled in, their marriage was about the
首都经济贸易大学211《翻译硕士英语》357《英语翻译基础》448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲
首都经济贸易大学硕士研究生入学考试211《翻译硕士英语》、357《英语翻译基础》、448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲一、考试目的根据全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会所制定的《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试总纲》（考试指导性意见）以及《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及有关文件要求与精神，本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（英语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6000个以上的英语积极词汇。
2.具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3.具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容见以下分别表述。
211《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试英语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1ef2b55952ea551811a68741.png)
目 录
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）
2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译
1．ISO
【答案】国际标准化组织
2．document against acceptance
【答案】承兑交单
3．nuclear disarmament
【答案】核裁军
4．overhead pedestrian walk
【答案】天桥
5．US federal reserve system
【答案】美国联邦储备系统
6．alma mater
【答案】母校
7．leap year
【答案】闰年
8．plead innocent
【答案】无罪答辩
9．B/L
【答案】海上运输提单。
《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解
《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解357 English Translation Basics: In-Depth Analysis of Postgraduate Entrance Exam QuestionsIntroductionThe field of English translation has gained significant importance in recent years, with many individuals opting to pursue it as a career. In this article, we will delve into the detailed analysis of the English translation basics, focusing specifically on the 357 English Translation Basics exam questions for postgraduate entrance exams. This examination is widely regarded as a benchmark for evaluating the translation skills of aspiring translators. Let us now explore the various aspects of this exam and gain valuable insights into the world of English translation.Part 1: Multiple Choice QuestionsThe 357 English Translation Basics exam includes a section of multiple-choice questions. These questions range from vocabulary and sentence structure to contextual understanding and idiomatic expressions. Each question requires candidates to choose the most appropriate translation or interpretation among the given options. This section aims to assess the candidates' comprehension abilities and their knowledge of the fundamental principles of English translation.Part 2: Sentence TransformationThe second part of the exam tests candidates' skills in sentence transformation. Here, candidates are presented with sentences in English andare required to translate them into Chinese accurately. This section evaluates candidates' ability to transform sentences while retaining the original meaning and effectively conveying it in the target language.Part 3: Passage TranslationPassage translation is a crucial aspect of the 357 English Translation Basics exam. Candidates are tasked with translating a given English passage into Chinese. The chosen passages cover a wide range of topics, such as literature, politics, science, and humanities, allowing candidates to showcase their proficiency in different subject areas. This section demands not only strong linguistic skills but also the ability to comprehend and interpret complex ideas accurately.Part 4: Essay TranslationThe essay translation section is designed to test candidates' ability to translate essays from Chinese into English. This part requires a comprehensive understanding of both languages and the ability to convey the intended meaning in a coherent and natural manner. Candidates are judged on their skill in accurately translating concepts, maintaining the appropriate style, and capturing the essence of the original text.Part 5: Cultural KnowledgeApart from translation skills, the 357 English Translation Basics exam also incorporates questions related to cultural knowledge. Candidates are expected to demonstrate an understanding of cultural differences, including idioms, expressions, and social customs specific to English-speakingcountries. This component emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity in producing accurate translations.ConclusionThe 357 English Translation Basics exam serves as a significant evaluation tool for individuals aspiring to pursue a career in English translation. Through its comprehensive coverage of various translation aspects, including multiple-choice questions, sentence transformation, passage translation, essay translation, and cultural knowledge, this exam rigorously assesses candidates' linguistic abilities, cultural understanding, and translation competence. By successfully preparing for and excelling in this exam, aspiring translators can strengthen their skills and enhance their prospects in the field.。
湖北大学2024年研究生招生考大纲 357 英语翻译基础
湖北大学全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》考试大纲科目代码（357）一、考试目的《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考查考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MTI学习阶段的水平。
二、考试性质及范围本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。
三、考试基本要求1. 具备一定中英文化，以及政治、经济、商务、旅游、科技、教育等方面的背景知识。
2. 具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。
3. 具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取主观试题以及单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的英汉/汉英转换能力。
试题分类参见“试卷构成一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括两个部分：词语翻译和段落翻译。
总分150分。
I. 词语翻译1. 考试要求要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。
2.题型要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语或专有名词的对应目的语（其中英译汉包括5个缩略语）。
汉/英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。
II. 段落翻译1. 考试要求要求应试者具备英汉互译的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中国和英语国家的社会、文化等背景知识；译文忠实原文，无明显误译、漏译；译文通顺，用词正确、表达基本无误；译文无明显语法错误。
2.题型要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章段落，英译汉每个段落为180-200个单词，汉译英每个段落为220-230个汉字，英译汉和汉译英各占60分，总分120分。
六、参考书目初试科目英语翻译基础不指定参考书目。
复试科目英语笔译1. 近三年的《政府工作报告》中英文版2. 《英汉语对比与翻译教程》，杨元刚主编，武汉大学出版社，2021年版。
复试科目英语口译1.《高级听力教程》（第四版），周国强，上海外语教育出版社，2011年版。
2.《英语口译综合能力3级》，周国强，外文出版社，2011年版。
英语翻译基础2017(357)【试题+答案】江西师范
2017年江西师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ. 词语翻译：英汉术语、缩略语或专有名词互译（30分）（一）英译汉（15分）1. corpus-based system【答案】基于语料库的系统2. interlingual translation【答案】语际翻译3. interactive MT【答案】交互式机器翻译4. whispered interpreting【答案】耳语传译5. transmigration【答案】轮回；转生6. aesthetic equivalence【答案】审美对等7. community interpreting【答案】社区口译8. target-oriented【答案】目标导向9. hypotaxis【答案】形合10. governance in cyberspace【答案】网络空间治理11. cutting-edge technologies【答案】尖端技术12. the era of AI【答案】人工智能时代13. VR technology【答案】虚拟现实技术14. skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论15. translation and the dissemination of knowledge【答案】翻译与知识的传播（二）汉译英（15分）1. 功能对等【答案】functional equivalence2. 忠实通顺【答案】faithfulness and3. 语义翻译【答案】semantic translation4. 视译【答案】sight translation5. 逐字翻译【答案】word-for-word translation6. 不可译性【答案】untranslatability7. 信息经济示范区【答案】Information Economy Demonstration Zone8. 本地化【答案】localization9. 中国文化“走出去”【答案】“go global” strategy of Chinese culture10. 佛经翻译【答案】sutra translation11. 归化与异化【答案】domesticating translation and foreignizing translation12. 翻译与文化多样性【答案】translation and cultural diversity13. 计算机辅助翻译【答案】computer-assisted translation14. 非文学翻译【答案】non-literary translation15. 同声传译【答案】simultaneous interpretingⅡ. 语篇翻译：英汉段落互译（120分)（一）英译汉（60分）As information technology, specially the smartphone, rapidly develops, people are overwhelmed by all sorts of information. As a result, “smartphone addicts” can be seen everywhere…during meetings, lectures and gatherings; in the worst cases, such as when driving, they can cause disasters.Well, do people need to be inundated with so much information? We should remind ourselves that information doesn’t not equate to knowledge. Scattered information and fragmented reading not only cannot form anything useful in our minds but can rather actually interfere with our thinking, resulting in so-called “information overload”. Basically, information can be transformed into knowledge only when it is processed for a certain purpose featuring with a structure. In other words, when integrated into an individual system, knowledge functions as a part of a holistic effect.In terms of biological structure and functions the sensory organs of human beings are in fact no more developed than other highly evolved creatures, and yet humans can catch more of the essence of the world, mainly due to their abstract thinking capacity and their language systems. The secret lies in systematized structures.The core of a system is the structure which determines its nature and functions. Diamond and graphite(石墨), for example, are both made solely of carbons. However, their different arrangements of carbonaceous atoms result in the hardest and softest substance in the world. The same principle applies to our perceptual and knowledge systems, where the same amount of information may cause different effects. In a way, we may say “Knowledge is power”—But information is not.So-called “prediction” or “knowing the rest by analogy” is generated essentially by systematic analysis. Taking chemistry as an example, some gaps in the Periodic Table discovered by the Russian Chemist Mendeleyev predicted several new chemical elements; three of which were found by other chemists fifteen years later. Similarly, the theoretical physicist Diac revealed that there were no electronic “bubbles” in a vacuum dur ing his research into the nature of electrons, and then predicted that something called a “positron”(正子) might exist. In physics, many basic particles are found by way of repeated experiments based on symmetrical theory, thus bridging the gap between the subjective and objective worlds. In searching one of the greatest mysteries in modem astrophysics—dark matter—the same law applies.The transformation of “information” into “knowledge” requires ability. Information can be beneficial to our mental developmen t only if it has been effectively screened, categorized and stored. Blindly “receiving” information, on the other hand, will put us in a passive position where creativity can hardly be initiated.To be precise, a human’s intelligence therefore, doesn’t dep end on how much information he or she has been exposed to, rather, it is the ability to process information into personal constructive knowledge that counts.【参考译文】随着信息技术，特别是智能手机的飞速发展，人们被各种各样的信息淹没了。
河北经贸大学《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解
河北经贸大学《357英语翻译基础》考研真题详解2021年河北经贸大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》考研全套目录•2021年翻译硕士《357英语翻译基础》考研真题与典型题详解说明：本科目考研真题不对外公布（暂时难以获得），通过分析参考教材知识点，精选了有类似考点的其他院校相关考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》（第3版）配套题库（含考研真题）说明：以上为本科目参考教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容翻译的基本技巧1.1 解包袱法1. the first black presiden t【译文】第一位与黑人关系密切的总统2. the first woman president【译文】第一位关心妇女问题的总统3. presidenti al histori an【译文】专门研究总统生平的历史学家4. opinion leader【译文1】能影响或左右舆论的人【译文2】意见领袖（台湾译法）5. milkboy【译文】送牛奶的男孩6. fireman【译文】消防员7. postman【译文】送邮件的人8. sick room【译文】病房9. criminally insane【译文】刑事法庭鉴定为患有精神病10. a morning person【译文】习惯早起的人11. a body shop【译文】车身修理厂（洗车店）12. manage forests sustainably【译文】管理森林，以便使其可以持续发展13. digital gap【译文】数字鸿沟/数位落差（台湾译法）【解析】对于已经形成相对固定的说法的包袱，可不解。
14. peak load【译文】峰值负荷15. sate l l i te co m m u n i cati o n s g ro u n d sta ti o n e qu i p m e n t repairer【译文】卫星通讯地面站设备维修人员16. Th e di vo rce i s l e ss cul tu rally acce p tab l e i n a so ci e t y that is family-oriented.【译文】在以家庭为中心的社会文化背景下，离婚是难以接受的。
郑州大学357英语翻译基础_2020(带答案)
2020年郑州大学357英语翻译基础考研题一、Word collocation（Subtitles 1-15 are word collocations.(30 points)）1.a community with a shared future for mankindA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】O【解析】community社区，社会，团体；a shared future一个共享的未来；mankind人类。
因此结合起来，拥有共享的未来的人类团体，即人类命运共同体。
【难度系数】1【分值】22.socialist core valuesA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】P【解析】socialist源于单词social（社会的），加上-ist（表示人的后缀），变成“社会主义者”；core核心；values价值。
因此结合起来，就是“社会主义核心价值观”。
【难度系数】1【分值】23.Shanghai International Import ExpoA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】Q【解析】Shanghai上海；International国际的；Import进口；Expo展览会。
南京信息工程大学2023考研大纲：357英语翻译基础2
南京信息工程大学2023考研大纲：357英语翻译基础1500字南京信息工程大学2023考研大纲：357英语翻译基础1. Translation Theories and Approaches1.1 Historical Development of Translation Studies1.2 Major Theories of Translation1.3 The Role of Translation in Communication2. Principles of Translation2.1 Equivalence in Translation2.2 Faithfulness and Expressiveness in Translation2.3 The Principle of Contextual Adequacy2.4 Cultural and Ethical Considerations in Translation3. Translation Strategies and Techniques3.1 Literal Translation3.2 Free Translation3.3 Idiomatic Translation3.4 Transference, Modulation, and Adaptation3.5 Compensation and Omission4. Translation of Different Text Types4.1 Literary Translation4.2 Legal Translation4.3 Business and Financial Translation4.4 Scientific and Technical Translation4.5 Audiovisual Translation5. Translation Quality Assessment5.1 Criteria for Evaluating Translation Quality5.2 Methods and Techniques for Translation Review 5.3 Post-editing and Machine Translation6. Translation and Technology6.1 Computer-aided Translation Tools6.2 Machine Translation Systems6.3 Internet Resources for Translators6.4 Localization and Internationalization7. Practical Translation Exercises7.1 Translation of General Texts7.2 Translation of Specialized Texts7.3 Translation Critique and Review7.4 Translation Project Management8. Research Methods in Translation Studies8.1 Quantitative Research Methods8.2 Qualitative Research Methods8.3 Corpus-based Translation Studies9. Professional Ethics in Translation9.1 Code of Ethics for Translators9.2 Copyright and Intellectual Property Rights in Translation10. Translation and Intercultural Communication10.1 Translation as Intercultural Mediation10.2 Cultural Adaptation in Translation10.3 Intercultural Pragmatics in TranslationThis syllabus is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical skills necessary for translation practice. Through the study of translation theories and approaches, students will gain insight into the different strategies and techniques employed in various translation contexts. The syllabus also covers the translation of different text types, including literary, legal, business, scientific, technical, and audiovisual texts. Additionally, students will learn about the assessment of translation quality, the use of technology in translation, and the ethical considerations associated with translation. Practical translation exercises and research methods in translation studies are incorporated into the syllabus to enhance students' translation skills and research abilities. Furthermore, the syllabus emphasizes the importance of intercultural communication in translation, highlighting the role of translators as intercultural mediators. Overall, this syllabus aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in the field of translation.。
广东财经大学357英语翻译基础2024年考研真题
广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2024年考试科目代码及名称：357-英语翻译基础适用专业：055100翻译［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］Part I Translate the following words and phrases. (30题，每题1分，共30分) Section A English-Chinese Translation (15分)1.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.2.Look before you leap.3.A young idler, an old beggar.4.black market5.pillar industry6.World Wide Fund for Nature7.Falling Objects8.a land of honey and milk9.a Napoleon of finance10.asymmetric information11.C. I. F.12.Export Contract13.two-way trade14.average cost pricing15.force majeureSection B Chinese-English Translation (15分)16.破釜沉舟17.拆东墙补西墙18.一寸光阴一寸金19.四书五经20.一带一路21.人类命运共同体22.国务院23.中华民族伟大复兴24.脱贫攻坚25.三角债26.承包方27.特许产品28.转基因食物29.连锁反应30.纸老虎Part II Translate the following sentences. (10题，每题3分，共30分)Section A English-Chinese Translation (15分)1.Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.2.Elliot was too clever not to see that many of the persons who accepted his invitations did so only to get a free meal and that of these some were stupid and some worthless.3.The Ministry of Health said the man was being held at a special isolation facility for the remaining period of his quarantine and that his case was being investigated.4.Postdoctoral fellowships have been defined by the National Research Council as appointments of a temporary nature “which are intended to offer an opportunity for continued education and experience in research, usually though not necessarily, under the supervision of a senior mentor.”5.Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restrictions.Section B Chinese-English Translation (15分)6.与伦敦格林公司所签代理合约，经双方同意，将于6月底失效。
《大学专业试卷：英语翻译基础 357》大学2021年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)
大学2021年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：357 考试科目名称：英语翻译基础
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
大学2021年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题。
上海外国语大学357英语翻译基础2022年考研真题试卷
上海外国语大学2022年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：357英语翻译基础专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效一、汉译英（80分）用“双增”推动“双减”落实今天，上海市教委就“强化学校教育主阵地作用”召开新闻发布会称，上海方面已注意到“双减”工作既要治标、又要治本的要求，未来将尝试通过用“双增”来推动“双减”的具体落实。
“把课外内容减了，我们要把课内做强做好。
”上海市教委相关负责人表示，上海将把“增强学校主阵地功能、增强校内教育质量”作为落实“双减”工作的主要内容，其中包括加强学校作业管理、全面实施义务教育课后服务、建立培育课后服务支持体系、加快推进紧密型学区集团建设、推进落实全员导师制全覆盖6个方面内容。
“这是首次明确把课后服务延伸到初中学段。
参加课后服务将成为学生常态，大多数人都参加。
”上海市教委相关负责人介绍，与课后服务时长配套的，是对学校布置高质量作业的新要求。
上海市教委相关负责人员说，高质量作业要求“小学作业不出校门，初中疑难作业不带回家”。
为此，上海还将要求义务教育阶段各所学校建立作业公示制度，公示作业完成时间和内容。
“校长和老师们要思考，如何向40分钟的课堂要质量。
而不是反复操练，捆绑出来的好成绩没有用。
”上海市教委相关负责人员介绍，考核的是80%学生的作业时长，不算平均数，作业管理将被纳入学校绩效考核范围。
上海市教委相关负责人介绍，上海“双减”工作的一个重要导向是关注每个学生，包括学生的情绪疏导、未来发展、生命价值讨论等。
“强调系统性、整体性、针对性地推进‘双减’工作，治标的同时要从治本上下工夫”。
二、英译汉（70分）The Reader,the Text,the PoemThe views set forth here have been tested and tempered by over forty years of observing and reflecting on readers'involvements with texts ranging from Chaucer and Shakespeare to Joyce and Wallace Stevens.For two decades,in a course on"Criticism and the Literary Experience,"I was able to pursue the study systematically.I presented texts-many of them repeated year after year to graduateand undergraduate students,who were often helped to develop a measure of self-criticism before their study of the critical canon from Plato to Eliot and beyond.A by-product for me was the opportunity,through various techniques,to gather evidence of what went onduring their reading.I was able to discover continuities and differences in response with changing student populations and changing mores,and to analyze the processes and patterns that manifested themselves in the actual movement toward an interpretation.My aim was to immerse myself in a rich source of insights,not merely to accumulate a body of codified data.What follows,therefore,is a distillation of my observations,reflections,and reading.As contemporary philosophers remind us,the observer inevitably enters into his observations:although I stress the inductive groundwork,obviously I brought to these inquiries various assumptions and hypotheses to be either supported or discarded.Further,strict training in the historical and critical disciplines of literary scholarship had established in me habits of thought from some of which I needed to be liberated.Perhaps this book can perform a similar service for others,not merely by articulating a particular set of intellectual theses but by inducing a new way of thinking about literary works of art.With one exception already alluded to,I have avoided the current tendency to create new terminology.Citations also have been kept to a minimum;a list of the works consulted over the years,or even those to which I am in some way indebted,beyond the ones mentioned in the notes,would be excessively long.I shall try simply to suggest the intellectual matrix within which the transactional theory of the literary work has evolved.As I look back on a long scholarly career,I become aware of a continuing need to affirm and to reconcile two often opposed positions,phrased,in earliest terms,as a Keatsian sense of the unique values of art,on the one hand,and,on the other,a Shelleyan feeling for its social origins and social impact.My first book,(L'Idée de l'art pour l'art dans la littérature anglaise (Paris,1931),)written for the doctorate in comparative literature at the Sorbonne,was a study of the theories of art for art's sake developed by nineteenth-century English and French writers to combat the pressures of an uncomprehending or hostile society.In the concluding pages,I stated the need for a public of readers able"to participate fully in the poetic experience" -readers able to provide a nurturing,free environment for poets and other artists of the word.Their texts possess,I believed,the highest potentialities for bringing the whole human personality,as Coleridge had said,"into activity."Here already was the germ of an increasingly intense preoccupation with the importance,to the arts and to society,of the education of readers of literature.My second book,(Literature as Exploration(1938),)confronted this problem directly,setting forth a philosophy of the teaching of literature the outgrowth mainly of my experience in teaching English and comparativeliterature at Barnard College.The book also refleeted work with Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict in the graduate department of anthropology at Columbia University.By that time,the writings of William Tamea.C.S.Peirce.Genroe Santavana,and John Dewey had provided a philosophic base for reconciling my aesthetic and social commitments.Dewey's Arl as Experience especially left its mark,perhaps more through its vision of aesthetic values woven into the texture of the daily life of human beings than its specific treatment of the literary arts.。
三峡大学357英语翻译基础12~19年真题
At various locations between the King’s Chair and Sasznits one can leave the high road and climb down steep stairways to the beach. Walking on the beach is an arduous affair because of the many rocks. But it is from this flat perspective that the majesty of the chalk cliffs is most fully appreciated. And the bands of flintstone（燧石）bulbs that run along the cliffs like a string of peals can be seen from this perspective alone. These flintstone phenomena are due to small organisms the skeletons of which dissolved in the chalky mud. These cliffs are of organic origin themselves. Some 80 million years ago, during the Mesozoic era(中 生代), the earth atmosphere warmed up and enormous glacier masses melted and flooded all of Northern Europe. The sea was filled with starfish（海星）, mussels （贝类生物）, corals, algae（藻类生物） and plankton（浮游生物）——their chalky scales, skeletons and armor dropped to the sea bottom. In the course of millions of years they combined with other sediments into chalk cliffs up to 1,640 ft. (500m) high. (352 words)
2023年广东财经大学《357英语翻译基础》考研真题
2023年广东财经大学《357英语翻译基础》考研真题Part I Translate the following words and phrases. (30题，每题1分，共30分) Section A English-Chinese Translation (15分)1.time draft2.force majeure3.WWF4.Level Access5.Falling Objects6.Position Closed7.a land of honey and milk8.industrial processparative jurisprudence10. asymmetric information11.C. I. F.12.debt equity13. Claims Procedure14.average cost pricing15.Licensed ProductsSection B Chinese-English Translation (15分)16.承包方17.破釜沉舟18.国家统计局19.新冠20.一带一路21.人类命运共同体22.新征程23.中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会24.中华民族伟大复兴25.脱贫攻坚26.购销合同27.延长报盘28.合作经营企业合同29.东方明珠塔30.国民议会大厦Part II Translate the following sentences. (10题，每题3分，共30分)Section A English-Chinese Translation (15分)1.When the history of the Nixon Administration is finally written, the chances arethat his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.2.This modern and spacious hotel is designed to make the most of its advantageous position, in the hills above Sorrento overlooking the enchanting Bay of Naples.3.In order to enable you to apply for the necessary import licence, we are sending out Proforma Invoice No. 234 in triplicate. Please note that if there is any change in price or delivery, we shall keep you informed.4.Fowler had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrase; he was no slavish admirer of logic and was willing enough to give usage right of way through the exact demesnes of grammar.5.Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.Section B Chinese-English Translation (15分)6.本合同生效后，如有未尽事宜，须经双方友好协商同意后，以交换正式文件确认，该文件应视为本合同不可分割的一部分。
中国人民大学357-英语翻译基础考研参考书目、考研真题、复试分数线
6、负责组织本学院的专业综合课和外语笔试试题的命制、专业课和综合素质面试试题 的命制、外语口语听力试题的命制、对同等学力加试科目试题的命制。
7、负责制定本学院的综合素质面试和外语面试的实施方案，认真制定面试评分标准、 考核指标。
8、负责审核各专业复试小组的复试记录和复试结果，复试记录和复试结果须妥存备查。
9、负责对参加复试而未录取考生的必要解释和遗留问题的处理。
三、复试公告
1、网上公示复试办法和复试名单
研招办于 3 月中上旬将学校复试基本要求（参考分数线）在研究生院网站公布；各学院 须在本学院网站公布本学院的复试办法和复试名单，并将网址报研招办备案。
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各学院对拟录取的硕士生必须进行复试，复试合格方可录取。
我校实行差额复试，差额复试比例在 120%以上。生源充足的学院可进一步扩大差额复 试比例。
二、复试工作管理
专注中国人民大学考研辅导
我校硕士生入学考试复试工作实行二级管理。学校研究生招生委员会负责制定我校硕士 生复试规则和各学科的复试基本要求；各学院依据学校复试要求，负责确定本学院复试名单， 制定本学院的复试办法并报学校研究生招生办公室（以下简称研招办）备案。
357-英语翻译基础-扬州大学2024年硕士研究生初试试卷真题
扬州大学2024年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码357科目名称英语翻译基础满分150分注意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15points,1point each)1.Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation2.a community of shared developmentrge language model4.show leniency to people who make mistakes5.Global AI Governance Initiative6.movie box office revenue during Spring Festival holiday7.artificial intelligence ecosystem8.World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit9.International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative10.at-home care services for the elderly11.International Monetary Fund12.World Youth Development Forum13.Hangzhou Asian Para Games14.regulations to protect minors in cyberspace15.the tiered and classified social assistance systemII.Translate the following terms into English.(15points,1point each)1.世界科幻大会2.普惠金融高质量发展3.全球可持续交通高峰论坛4.火炬传递5.粮食安全保障体系6.“金砖”扩员7.模块化小型核反应堆8.恢复和扩大消费9.防汛救灾工作10.可再生能源装机容量11.文物保护利用12.民营经济13.高标准农田14.数字化转型15.中国-中亚峰会III.Translate the following passages into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points,20points each)Passage OneWhen we consider the situation of the human mind in nature,its limited plasticity and few channels of communication with the outer world,we need not wonder that we grope for light,or that we find incoherence and instability in human systems of ideas.The wonder rather is that we have done so well,that in the chaos of sensations and passions that fills the mind we have found any leisure for self-concentration and reflection,and have succeeded in gathering even a light harvest of experience from our distracted labours.Our occasional madness is less wonderful than our occasional sanity.Relapses into dreams are to be expected in a being whose brief existence is so like a dream;but who could have been sure of this sturdy and indomitable perseverance in the work of reason in spite of all checks and discouragements?Passage TwoIt is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction,biography,poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.Do not dictate to your author;try to become him.Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.Steep yourself in this,acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you,or attempting to give you,something far more definite.Passage ThreeVery ready we are to say of a book,“How good this is—that’s exactly what I think!”But the right feeling is,“How strange that is!I never thought of that before,and yet I see it is true;or if Ido not now,I hope I shall,some day.”But whether thus submissively or not,at least be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning,not to find yours.Judge it afterwards,if you think yourself qualified to do so;but ascertain it first.And be sure also,if the author is worth anything, that you will not get at his meaning all at once;—nay,that at his whole meaning you will not for a long time arrive in any wise.Not that he does not say what he means,and in strong words too; but he cannot say it all;and what is stranger,will not,but in a hidden way and parables,in order that he may be sure you want it.I cannot quite see the reason of this,nor analyze that cruel reticence in the breasts of wise men which makes them always hide their deeper thought.They do not give it to you by way of help,but of reward,and will make themselves sure that you deserve it before they allow you to reach it.IV.Translate the following passages into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points,20points each)Passage One我开始写小说，是在进了女师的第二年，那时刚满十五岁。
357英语翻译基础考研试题
from Chinese to English, within 60 minutes.
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《英语翻译基础》考试大纲（357）
一、考查目标
《英语翻译基础》作为翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的专业课，目的是考查考生是否具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功，是否具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。
二、基本内容
本考试为测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。
三、主要参考教材
《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版社，2003年。
《英汉翻译教程》，张培基，上海外语教育出版社，2009年。
《英语笔译实务》(三级)最新修订版，张春柏，外文出版社，2009年。
四、题型
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
考试包括词语翻译和英汉互译共两个部分，总分为150分。
1、词语翻译
要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。
汉/英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。
2、英汉互译
要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章，英译汉为350-450个单词，汉译英为250-350个汉字，各占60分，总分120分。
《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表。