词形变化归纳

中考英语复习词形归纳

一、名词的复数形式构成：

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：cafes, giraffes

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：

half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves

thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos （2）加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mangoes, Negro-Negroes hero-heroes

歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃芒果、西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这五个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

3.表示―国家‖的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-Canadians American-Americans

歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余s加后面。

4.以复数形式出现的名词

goods货物trousers/pants /jeans /shorts裤子clothes衣服glasses眼镜

5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

（2）news是不可数名词。

（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。

6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数

如：man worker-men workers（男工人）woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）

7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。例如：

baby-babies, city-cities, story-stories, party-parties, lady-ladies, diary-diaries, century-centuries copy-copies country, company, factory, family, memory, enemy, hobby, dictionary, university

8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es，如：

class-classes bus-buses, boss-bosses class, glass, dress, box-boxes, foxes, watch-watches speech-speeches, , beach-beaches church-churches, sandwiches, coaches, matches, inches, brush-brushes dishes, wishes, fishes

9.其他不规则变化

man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth

child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice

fisherman-fishermen, policeman, chairman, spaceman, postman, salesman, snowman

歌诀记忆：男人（man）女人（woman）a变e，鹅（goose）足（foot）牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）鹿（deer）绵羊（sheep）

不用变。

[注] fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复

(2)-es brush, rush, push, fish, wish, wash, teach, watch, catch, match, search, dress,

miss, discuss, fix, relax do , go

(3)去y加ies carry, hurry, worry, try, cry, dry(v.), fly, reply, copy, study, tidy (v), 2. 现在分词：

(1)-ing waiting, raining, happening, visiting, suffering, seeing

(2)去e加ing give, leave, have, lose, invite, close, admire, breathe, cause, prepare

(3)双写辅音字母加ing sit, hit, cut, put, chat, get, forget, shut, set, let, fit begin, plan, win, run, spin; nod, swim, dig, jog, step, clap, rob, rub, kidnap, shop, drop

注意：prefer, travel, quarrel, control

(4) ie-ying die, lie, tie— dying, lying, tying

3. 过去式/过去分词（规则变化）

(1)-ed enjoyed, destroyed, stayed, played, waited, rained, happened, visited, suffered

(2)e-d advise, ache, practice, arrive, believe, receive, refuse, share, continue, breathe, notice, manage, celebrate, change, score, communicate, dance, decide, describe, force, divide, encourage, hate, hope, move, waste, exercise, imagine, increase, cause, compare, care, complete, introduce, produce, provide, prove, promise, invite, praise, prepare,

(3)双写辅音字母加ed

chat, fit, clap, stop, step, shop, drop, rub, rob, kidnap, jog, plan, nod,

prefer, travel, quarrel, control

(4)去y 加ied study, carry, hurry, worry, dry, try, cry, copy, reply, tidy(v.)

不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：

A.三形相同(AAA型): cost, cut, hit, hurt, let, put, read, set, shut, spread

B.两形相同

1) 原形与过去分词相同: (ABA型)

become-became-become, come-came-come, run-ran-run

2) 原形与过去式相同（AAB型）beat-beat-beaten

3) 过去式与过去分词相同: （ABB型）

bring-br ough t, buy-b ough t, fight-f ough t, think-th ough t,

catch-c augh t, teach-t augh t

build-buil t, lend-len t, send-sen t, spend-spen t;

burn-burn ed/burn t, dream-dream ed/dream t, learn-learn ed/learn t,

smell-smell ed/sme lt, spell-spell ed/spe lt

pay-p aid, say-s aid, lay-l aid

sell-s old, tell-t old

keep-k ept, sleep-sl ept, sweep-sw ept,

g e t-g o t, sh i ne-sh o ne, w i n-w o n, s i t-s a t, st i ck-st u ck, d i g-d u g, h o ld-h e ld, h a ng-h u ng, stand-st ood, understand-underst ood, feel-f elt, find-f ound,

m ee t-m e t, f ee d-f e d, bl ee d-bl e d, l ea d-l e d, sh oo t-sh o t

have-had, leave-left, lose-lost, make-made,

hear-hear d, deal-deal t, mean-mean t

C.三形不同(ABC型)

beg i n-beg a n-beg u n, drink-drank-drunk, sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung，swim-swam-swum , dr i ve-dr o ve-drive n, rise-rose-risen, g i ve-g a ve-give n, forgive-forgave-forgiven;