美赛翻译要求说明
美赛规则说明及注意事项
BEFORE THE CONTEST BEGINS
Choose your team members Registration
All teams must be registered before 2PM EST on Thursday, February 4 2015. COMAP will not accept late registrations for MCM/ICM 2015 under any circumstances. NO EXCEPTIONSWILL BE MADE.
2014 MCM Statistics
6755teams participated 391 US Teams (6%) 6364 Foreign Teams (94%) 13 Outstanding Winners (1%) 12 Finalist Winners (1%) 656 Meritorious Winners (9%) 2168 Honorable Mentions (31%) 3891 Successful Participants (57%) 15 Unsuccessful Participants (1%)
MCM
The Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM), hold its 31th annual competition in February 2015. 6755 teams 17 countries participated in 2014. designed to stimulate and improve problem-solving and writing skills in mathematics. Students participate as team members rather than as individuals, creating an environment for sharing knowledge and skills.
2013美国赛 MCM-ICM 英语原文+翻译
2013 MCM ProblemsPROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular（矩形的）pan heat is concentrated（集中）in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked（焙烧过度）at the corners (and to a lesser extent(较小程度上) at the edges). In a round（圆）pan the heat is distributed evenly（均匀的）over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens（烤箱）are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient（高效）with respect to（关于）using the space in an oven. Develop a model to show the distribution（分布规律）of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular（圆形）and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio（···比）of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced（均匀分布）.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions（条件）:1. Maximize number of pans（平底锅）that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution （均匀分布）of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize（最优化）a combination of （···的综合）conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to（被分配···）illustrate（阐明）how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting（使··突显出来）your design and results.在矩形烤盘烘焙的时候，热量会被集中到4个角，食物会被烘焙过度（热量较小程度上在边缘）。
数模美国赛总结部分英文
数模美国赛总结部分英文第一篇：数模美国赛总结部分英文Conclusions1、As our team set out to come up with a strategy on what would be the most efficient way to 我们提出了一种最有效的方法去解决……2、The first aspect that we took into major consideration was…….Other important findings through research made it apparent that the standard 首先我们考虑到……，其他重要的是我们通过研究使4、We have used mathematical modeling in a……to analyze some of the factors associated with such an activity。
为了分析这类问题的一些因素，我们运用数学模型……5、This “cannon problem” has been used in many forms in many differential equations courses in the Department of Mathematical Sciences for several years.这些年这些问题已经以不同的微分方程形式运用于自然科学部门。
6、In conclusion our team is very certain that the methods we came up with in 总之，我们很确定我们提出的方法7、We already know how well our results worked for…… 我们已经知道我们结果对……8、Now that the problem areas have been defined, we offer some ways to reduce the effect of these problems.既然已经定义了结果，我们提出一些方法减少对问题的影响。
美国数学建模竞赛参赛帮助中英文
MCM: The Mathematical Contest in ModelingICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in ModelingMCM：数学建模竞赛ICM：交叉学科建模竞赛Contest Registration and Instructions竞赛注册和指导(All instructions and rules apply to ICM as well as to MCM, except where otherwise noted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于ICM）To participate in MCM a team must be sponsored by a faculty advisor f rom their institution. The registration process must be completed by the advisor.每个MCM的参赛队需有一名所在单位的指导教师负责。
整个注册报名过程需由该指导教师完成。
IMPORTANT CHANGE TO CONTEST RULES FOR MCM/ICM 2009:2009年MCM/ICM规则的重要改变：Teams (Student or Advisor) are now required to submit an electronic copy of their solution paper by email to solutions@. Your email MUST be received at COMAP by the submission deadline of 8:00 PM EST, February 9, 2009.要求参赛队（由学生或者指导教师）通过Email提交一份解决方案的电子版拷贝，发到solutions@。
Email邮件必须在美国东部时间2009年2月9日上午8点前发到COMAP。
2013年美国大学生数学建模竞赛(MCMICM)参赛规则中英文对照
2013年美国大学生数学建模竞赛（MCMICM）参赛规则中英文对照2 ICM:The InterdisciplinaryContest in ModelingICM：交叉学科建模竞赛ContestRules, Registration and Instructions比赛规则，报名注册和指导(All rules and instructions apply to both ICM and MCM contests, except where otherwisenoted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于ICM）To participate in a contest, each team must be sponsored by a faculty advisor fromits institution.参加MCM的每个队伍需有一名在职的高校老师负责指导。
TeamAdvisors: Please read these instructions carefully. It isyour responsibility to make sure that teams are correctly registered and thatall of the following steps required for participation in the contest arecompleted:Pleaseprint a copy of these contest instructions for reference before, during, andafter the contest. Click here for the printer friendly version.指导老师：请认真阅读这些说明事项，确保完成了所有相关的项。
每位指导教师的责任包括确保每个参赛队正确注册并正确完成参加MCM/ICM所要求的相关步骤。
翻译比赛规则和评分标准
翻译比赛规则和评分标准
规则
1. 参赛者必须按时提交所要翻译的文本，不能延期。
2. 翻译比赛采用线上提交形式，请参赛者在指定的时间内将翻译文本通过指定渠道提交。
3. 参赛者需要确保翻译文本的准确性和流畅性，尽量做到与原文一致，同时保持语言的质量。
4. 所选用的语言应与原文相符，且翻译稿要清晰地传达原文的意思。
5. 参赛者提交翻译文本时应保持文本格式良好，包括正确的标点符号和段落结构。
评分标准
准确性（40%）
准确性是翻译的基本要求。
评分时将根据参赛者翻译文本与原文的一致程度进行评分，原文与翻译文本意思上的对应关系应尽可能保持一致。
流畅性（30%）
流畅性是指翻译文本的连贯性和可读性。
参赛者需要通过运用恰当的词汇、语法和句式，使翻译文本在语言表达上更为流畅。
质量（20%）
质量评分主要针对翻译的语言质量，包括选词、语法、标点等方面。
参赛者应注意使用准确的词汇，正确的语法结构，以及适当的标点符号。
格式（10%）
格式评分主要评价参赛者提交的翻译文本的格式规范程度。
参赛者应注意文本的排版，标点的使用以及段落结构等。
以上是我们对翻译比赛的规则和评分标准的说明，请参赛者按照规则要求准备并提交翻译文本。
祝好运！。
美赛格式翻译
2015年美国数学建模要求Your Paper's TitleStarts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica(Arial) 14论文的题目从这里开始：用Helvetica (Arial)14号FULL First Author1, a, FULLSecond Author2,b and Last Author3,c第一第二第三作者的全名1Fulladdress of first author, including country第一作者的地址全名，包括国家2Fulladdress of second author, including country第二作者的地址全名，包括国家3Listall distinct addresses in the same way第三作者同上aemail,bemail, cemail第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址1．文章标题居中用宋体14 2．第一/第二/第三作者宋体143．第一作者详细地址，包括国家，电子邮件（宋体11），第二第三作者一样4．关键词：文章涵盖你论文中的关键词。
这些关键词也会被使用的出版商制作一个关键字索引。
（使用宋体11）5．对于本文的其余部分，请用宋体126．摘要：本文档介绍并演示了如何准备你的相机准备手稿跨技术出版物。
最好的是阅读这些说明，并按照该文的轮廓。
7．文本区为你的稿件必须是宽17厘米，高25厘米（6.7和9.8英寸，RESP）。
请勿超过本区域以外。
使用质量好，约21 X 29 cm或8×11英寸白纸。
您的原稿将约20％减少由出版商。
当设计你的数字和表格等时，请铭记你的原稿将由出版商进行20%的删减。
8．介绍：所有稿件必须是英文（包括表格和数字）。
请保持您的稿件的第二个副本在你的办公室，以防丢失。
9．使用斜体强调一个词或短语。
不要用粗体字打字或大写字母除外，对于章节标题（见备注一节的标题，下同）。
国赛与美赛的区别
下面就简要介绍几点国赛与美赛的区别吧：1. 美赛和国赛最大的区别就是，国赛不管怎么样你都要做出一个解答，有了解答什么都好说，心里也比较踏实，而美赛对于结果没有国赛那么看重，只要你的想法够创新，有依据，哪怕没有做出最后的结果，也是很有希望获奖的。
2. 美赛的论文是需要用英文写作的，所以怎么样把自己的论文翻译好让评委看得懂，这点很重要，本人在这推荐一个稍微好用一点的翻译的软件：灵格斯翻译，相比而言，此软件对于一些专业名词的翻译还是可以接受的。
个人建议美赛前最好做一套题的翻译，这样就能理解其中的困难之处。
3. 美赛相比国赛对于数据处理的能力要求更高，题目很少能够给出现成数据，大多数据都是要靠网上搜索得到。
4. 美赛题目的类型其实和国赛差不多，MCM的A题偏计算一点，B题则比较灵活，个人发挥的空间较大。
ICM 则比较倾向于个人写作能力，只要你的文笔够好，相信能够得奖问题不大。
5. 美赛对于数据库的使用要求没有国赛那么高，一般需要搜索外国文献，谷歌搜索已经足以应付了。
6. 介绍点美赛的小技巧，国赛一般我们程序的界面都是代码的原始界面，但是美赛的时候可以用相关软件对界面做相关处理，做得更美观一点、花哨一点，对于美赛而言，不会认为你弄虚作假，只要程序的结果正确，界面的美观只是时间问题，这么做反而会使人认为你们更有能力。
2013美赛MCM A题 标准翻译
PROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.Problem A: 终极布朗尼锅当在一个矩形的锅里烹煮食物时，受热集中在锅的4个角落里，因此食品在这4个拐角处被过度烹饪（在边缘程度会稍微轻点）。
2017美赛ABCDEF题英文+中文翻译
PROBLEM A:Managing The Zambezi RiverThe Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River is one of the larger dams in Africa.Its construction was controversial,and a2015report by the Institute of Risk Management of South Africa included a warning that the dam is in dire need of maintenance.A number of options are available to the Zambezi River Authority(ZRA)that might address the situation.Three options in particular are of interest to ZRA:(Option1)Repairing the existing Kariba Dam,(Option2)Rebuilding the existing Kariba Dam,or(Option3)Removing the Kariba Dam and replacing it with a series of ten to twenty smaller dams along the Zambezi River.There are two main requirements for this problem:Requirement1ZRA management requires a brief assessment of the three options listed, with sufficient detail to provide an overview of potential costs and benefits associated with each option.This requirement should not exceed two pages in length,and must be provided in addition to your main report.Requirement2Provide a detailed analysis of Option(3)-removing the Kariba Dam and replacing it with a series of ten to twenty smaller dams along the Zambezi river.This new system of dams should have the same overall water management capabilities as the existing Kariba Dam while providing the same or greater levels of protection and water management options for Lake Kariba that are in place with the existing dam.Your analysis must support a recommendation as to the number and placement of the new dams along the Zambezi River.In your report for Requirement2,you should include a strategy for modulating the water flow through your new multiple dam system that provides a reasonable balance between safety and costs.In addition to addressing known or predicted normal water cycles,your strategy should provide guidance to the ZRA managers that explains and justifies the actions that should be taken to properly handle emergency water flow situations(i.e. flooding and/or prolonged low water conditions).Your strategy should provide specific guidance for extreme water flows ranging from maximum expected discharges to minimum expected discharges.Finally,your recommended strategy should include information addressing any restrictions regarding the locations and lengths of time that different areas of the Zambezi River should be exposed to the most detrimental effects of the extreme conditions.Your MCM submission should consist of three elements:a standard1page MCM Summary Sheet,a1-2page brief assessment report(Requirement1),and your main MCM solution (Requirement2)not to exceed20pages for a maximum submission of23pages.Note: Any appendices or reference pages you include will not count towards the23page limit.A题中文翻译：问题A：管理赞比西河赞比西河上的卡里巴水坝是非洲较大的水坝之一。
2015美赛参赛说明及指导
2015年美国大学生数学建模竞赛(MCM/ICM)参赛通知[中英版本]已有 2822 次阅读 2014-9-20 21:45 |系统分类:科研笔记数学建模与统计建模论坛/forum.php翻译人：Huiming Zhang（特别声明：任何人或者任何网站转载本博文必须声明来源于科学网）2015年美国数学建模竞赛将于北京时间2015年2月5日上午9时至2月9日上午8时举行。
(15美赛交流QQ群118438407)2015 MCM/ICM Call for EntriesICMDear Colleagues:The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling (ICM), aninternational contest for high school students and collegeundergraduates, will hold its 17th annual competition inFebruary 2015. Last year, 1028 teams from 228 institutionsin three countries participated in the contest. ICM is designedto develop and advance interdisciplinary problem-solvingskills as well as competence in written communication. Thisyear there will be two ICM problems to select from: one willfocus on network science and the second on environmentalscience. You can specifically build and prepare your team totackle one of these topics, if you so chose亲爱的同行们：第17届国际数学建模竞赛（ICM）将于2015年2月举行，该赛事是面向大学生和高中生的国际性赛事。
美赛翻译2014年度
PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass RuleIn countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important.In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed.Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system – either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results of your earlier analysis?问题一:Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass规则在右边驾驶汽车的国家的规则(也就是说,美国、中国和其他国家除了英国,澳大利亚,和一些英国前殖民地),多车道高速公路通常使用一个规则,要求司机开车在最右边的车道,除非他们通过另一辆车,在这种情况下,他们向左移动一个车道,通过,返回前巷旅游。
2011美赛中英文参赛规则对照
MCM: The Mathematical Contest in ModelingICM: The Interdisciplinary Contest in ModelingMCM：数学建模竞赛ICM：交叉学科建模竞赛2011-Contest Rules, Registration and Instructions2011年-竞赛规则，注册和指导（北京诺亚数学建模公司提供）(All rules and instructions apply to both ICM and MCM contests, except where otherwisenoted.)（所有MCM的说明和规则除特别说明以外都适用于ICM）To participate in a contest, each team must be sponsored by a faculty advisor from its institution.中国建模人论坛：每个MCM的参赛队需有一名所在单位的指导教师负责。
Team Advisors: Please read these instructions carefully. It is your responsibility to make sure that teams are correctly registered and that all of the following steps required for participation in the contest are completed:Please print a copy of these contest instructions for reference before, during, and after the contest.Click here for the printer friendly version.指导老师：请认真阅读这些说明，确保完成了所有相关的步骤。
美国大学生数学建模竞赛翻译必备知识解析
Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distributionfunction 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihoodestimation 极大似然估计mean squareddeviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlationcoefficient 复相关系数multiple correlationcoefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis多元回归分析multiple regressionequation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regressionanalysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数Ⅱ.2 最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomialinterpolation method三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem 目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Iindependent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardtmethod列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints线性等式约束linear programmingproblem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解Mmedium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method序列二次规划法simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust regionmethod 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepestdescent 最速下降法transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的under-determined system负定系统Vvariable 变量vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵Ⅱ.3 样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-splineb样条a spline of polynomial piece/ppform spline分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件Iinput argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squaresapproximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数Ppoint/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重Ⅱ.4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry descriptionmatrix 几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition混合边界条件NNeuman boundarycondition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson's equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的sparce matrix 稀疏矩阵stiffness matrix 刚度矩阵subregion 子域Ttriangular mesh 三角形网格Uundetermined 未定的uniform refinement 均匀加密uniform triangle net 均匀三角形网络Wwave equation 波动方程Algebraic Equation代数方程Elementary Operations-Addition基础混算-加法ElementaryOperations-Subtaction基础混算-减法ElementaryOperations-Multiplication基础混算-乘法Elementary Operations-Division基础混算-除法Elementary Operation基础四则混算Decimal Operations 小数混算Fractional Operations分数混算Convert fractional no. intodecimal no.分数转小数Convert fractional no. intopercentage.分数转百分数Convert decimal no. intopercentage.小数转百分数Convert percentage into decimal no.百分数转小数Percentage百分数Numerals数字符号Common factors and multiples公因子及公倍数Sorting数字排序Area图形面积Perimeter图形周界Change Units : Time单位转换-时间Change Units : Weight 单位转换-重量Change Units :Length单位转换-长度Directed Numbers 有向数Fractional Operations 分数混算Decimal Operations 小数混算Convert fractional no. into decimal no.分数转小数Convert fractional no. into percentage.分数转百分数Convert decimal no. into percentage.小数转百分数Convert percentage into decimal no.百分数转小数Percentage百分数Indices指数Algebraic Substitution 代数代入Polynomials多项式Co-Geometry坐标几何学Solving Linear Equation解一元线性方程Solving Simultaneous Equation解联立方程Slope直线斜率Equation of Straight Line直线方程x-intercept ( Equation of St. Line )直线x轴截距y-intercept ( Equation of St. Line )直线y轴截距Factorization因式分解Quadratic Equation 二次方程x-intercept ( Quadratic Equation )二次曲线x轴截距Geometry几何学Inequalities不等式Rate and Ratio比和比例Bearing方位角Trigonometry三角学Probability概率Statistics-Graph统计学-统计图表Statistics-Measure of centraltendency统计学-量度集中趋势Salary Tax薪俸税Bridging Game汉英对对碰Indices指数Function函数Rate and Ratio比和比例Trigonometry三角学Inequalities不等式Linear Programming线性规划Co-Geometry坐标几何学Slope直线斜率Equation of Straight Line直线方程x-intercept ( Equation of St. Line )直线x轴截距y-intercept ( Equation of St. Line )直线y轴截距Factorization因式分解Quadratic Equation二次方程x-intercept ( Quadratic Equation )二次曲线x轴截距Method of Bisection分半方法Polynomials多项式Probability概率Statistics-Graph统计学-统计图表Statistics-Measure of centraltendency统计学-量度集中趋势Statistics-Measure of dispersion统计学-量度分布Statistics-Normal Distribution统计学-正态分布Surds根式Probability概率Statistics-Measure of dispersion统计学-量度离差Statistics-Normal Distribution统计学-正态分布Statistics-Binomial Distribution统计学Statistics-Poisson Distribution统计学Statistics-Geometric Distribution统计学Co-Geometry坐标几何学Sequence序列十万Hundred thousand三位数3-digit number千Thousand千万Ten million小数Decimal分子Numerator分母Denominator分数Fraction五位数5-digit number公因子Common factor公倍数Common multiple中国数字Chinese numeral平方Square平方根Square root古代计时工具Ancient timingdevice古代记时工具Ancienttime-recording device古代记数方法Ancient countingmethod古代数字Ancient numeral包含Grouping四位数4-digit number四则计算Mixed operations (Thefour operations)加Plus加法Addition加法交换性质Commutativeproperty of addition未知数Unknown百分数Percentage百万Million合成数Composite number多位数Large number因子Factor折扣Discount近似值Approximation阿拉伯数字Hindu-Arabic numeral定价Marked price括号Bracket计算器Calculator差Difference真分数Proper fraction退位Decomposition除Divide除法Division除数Divisor乘Multiply乘法Multiplication乘法交换性质Commutative property of multiplication乘法表Multiplication table乘法结合性质Associative property of multiplication被除数Dividend珠算Computation using Chinese abacus倍数Multiple假分数Improper fraction带分数mixed number现代计算工具Modern calculating devices售价Selling price万Ten thousand最大公因子Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.)最小公倍数Lowest Common Multiple (L.C.M.)减Minus / Subtract减少Decrease减法Subtraction等分Sharing 等于Equal进位Carrying短除法Short division单数Odd number循环小数Recurring decimal零Zero算盘Chinese abacus亿Hundred million增加Increase质数Prime number积Product整除性Divisibility双数Even number罗马数字Roman numeral数学mathematics, maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, isequivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial 系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth powern次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root 三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede（方程的）解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane 体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant补充：集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field ofdefinition值域range单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference轨迹locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron旋转rotation轴axis球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation, standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagramEnglish Chineseabbreviation 简写符号；简写abscissa 横坐标absolute complement 绝对补集absolute error 绝对误差absolute inequality 绝不等式absolute maximum 绝对极大值absolute minimum 绝对极小值absolute monotonic 绝对单调absolute value 绝对值accelerate 加速acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation 累积accumulative 累积的accuracy 准确度act on 施于action 作用; 作用力acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) （概率）加法定律additive inverse 加法逆元; 加法反元additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint matrix 伴随矩阵algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic number 代数数algebraic operation 代数运算algebraically closed 代数封闭algorithm 算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle （交）错角alternate segment 内错弓形alternating series 交错级数alternative hypothesis 择一假设;备择假设; 另一假设altitude 高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case 两义情况；二义情况amount 本利和；总数analysis 分析；解析analytic geometry 解析几何angle 角angle at the centre 圆心角angle at the circumference 圆周角angle between a line and a plane 直angle between two planes 两平面的交角angle bisection 角平分angle bisector角平分线angle in the alternate segment 交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment 同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of friction 静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of intersection 相交角；交角angle of projection 投射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of the sector 扇形角angle sum of a triangle 三角形内角和angles at a point 同顶角angular displacement 角移位angular momentum 角动量angular motion 角运动angular velocity 角速度annum(X% per annum) 年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment 逆时针力矩anti-derivative 反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm 逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric 反对称apex 顶点approach 接近；趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似；略计；逼近Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc length 弧长arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积Argand diagram 阿根图, 阿氏图argument (1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number 复数的辐角argument of a function 函数的自变量arithmetic 算术arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression 算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence 等差序列arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边array 数组; 数组arrow 前号ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂assertion 断语; 断定associative law 结合律assumed mean 假定平均数assumption 假定；假设asymmetrical 非对称asymptote 渐近asymptotic error constant 渐近误差常数at rest 静止augmented matrix 增广矩阵auxiliary angle 辅助角auxiliary circle 辅助圆auxiliary equation 辅助方程average 平均；平均数；平均值average speed 平均速率axiom 公理axiom of existence 存在公理axiom of extension 延伸公理axiom of inclusion 包含公理axiom of pairing 配对公理axiom of power 幂集公理axiom of specification 分类公理axiomatic theory of probability 概率公理论axis 轴axis of parabola 拋物线的轴axis of revolution 旋转轴axis of rotation 旋转轴axis of symmetry 对称轴back substitution 回代bar chart 棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base （1）底；（2）基；基数base angle 底角base area 底面base line 底线base number 底数；基数base of logarithm 对数的底basis 基Bayes' theorem 贝叶斯定理bearing 方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve 钟形图belong to 属于Bernoulli distribution 伯努利分布Bernoulli trials 伯努利试验bias 偏差；偏倚biconditional 双修件式; 双修件句bijection 对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function 对射函数; 只射函数billion 十亿bimodal distribution 双峰分布binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制binomial 二项式binomial distribution 二项分布binomial expression 二项式binomial series 二项级数binomial theorem 二项式定理bisect 平分；等分bisection method 分半法；分半方法bisector 等分线；平分线Boolean algebra 布尔代数boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界（线）；边界bounded 有界的bounded above 有上界的；上有界的bounded below 有下界的；下有界的bounded function 有界函数bounded sequence 有界序列brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broken line graph 折线图calculation 计算calculator 计算器；计算器calculus (1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel 消法；相消canellation law 消去律canonical 典型; 标准capacity 容量cardioid 心脏Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equation 笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面Cartesian product 笛卡儿积category 类型；范畴catenary 悬链Cauchy sequence 柯西序列Cauchy's principal value 柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西- 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem 中心极限定理central line 中线central tendency 集中趋centre 中心；心centre of a circle 圆心centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质量中心centrifugal force 离心力centripedal acceleration 向心加速度centripedal force force 向心力centroid 形心；距心certain event 必然事件chain rule 链式法则chance 机会change of axes 坐标轴的变换change of base 基的变换change of coordinates 坐标轴的变换change of subject 主项变换change of variable 换元；变量的换characteristic equation 特征(征)方程characteristic function 特征(征)函数characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root 特征(征)根chart 图；图表check digit 检验数位checking 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular 圆形；圆的circular function 圆函数；三角函数circular measure 弧度法circular motion 圆周运动circular permutation 环形排列;圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre 外心；外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumference 圆周circumradius 外接圆半径circumscribed circle 外接圆cissoid 蔓叶class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark 组中点；区中点classical theory of probability 古典概率论classification 分类clnometer 测斜仪clockwise direction 顺时针方向clockwise moment 顺时针力矩closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coaxial 共轴coaxial circles 共轴圆coaxial system 共轴系coded data 编码数据coding method 编码法co-domain 上域coefficient 系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of restitution 碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation 变差系数cofactor 余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix 列矩阵coincide 迭合；重合collection of terms 并项collinear 共线collinear planes 共线面collision 碰撞column (1)列；纵行；(2) 柱column matrix 列矩阵column vector 列向量combination 组合common chord 公弦common denominator 同分母；公分母common difference 公差。
2014年数学建模美赛题目原文及翻译
2014年数学建模美赛题目原文及翻译作者：Ternence Zhang转载注明出处：MCM原题PDF：PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass RuleIn countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this ruleeffective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important.In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed.Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system –either part of the road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway –to what extent would this change the results of your earlier analysis?问题A：车辆右行在一些规定汽车靠右行驶的国家（即美国，中国和其他大多数国家，除了英国，澳大利亚和一些前英国殖民地），多车道的高速公路经常使用这样一条规则：要求司机开车时在最右侧车道行驶，除了在超车的情况下，他们应移动到左侧相邻的车道，超车，然后恢复到原来的行驶车道（即最右车道）。
[DOC]-数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照
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[DOC]-数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14论文的题目从这里开始:用Helvetica (Arial)14号FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c 第一第二第三作者的全名1Full address of first author, including country第一作者的地址全名，包括国家2Full address of second author, including country第二作者的地址全名，包括国家3List all distinct addresses in the same way第三作者同上aemail, bemail, cemail第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址Keywords: List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.关键字: 列出你论文中的关键词。
这些关键词将会被出版者用作制作一个关键词索引。
For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12论文的其他部分请用Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12号字Abstract. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepareyour camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format(21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).摘要:这个模板解释和示范供稿技术刊物有限公司时，如何准备你的供相机使用文件。
2012年美国大学生数学建模竞赛B题特等奖文章翻译要点
2012年美赛B题题目翻译：到Big Long River（225英里）游玩的游客可以享受那里的风景和振奋人心的急流。
远足者没法到达这条河，唯一去的办法是漂流过去。
这需要几天的露营。
河流旅行始于First Launch，在Final Exit结束，共225英里的顺流。
旅客可以选择依靠船桨来前进的橡皮筏，它的速度是4英里每小时，或者选择8英里每小时的摩托船。
旅行从开始到结束包括大约6到18个晚上的河中的露营。
负责管理这条河的政府部门希望让每次旅行都能尽情享受野外经历，同时能尽量少的与河中其他的船只相遇。
当前，每年经过Big Long河的游客有X组，这些漂流都在一个为期6个月时期内进行，一年中的其他月份非常冷，不会有漂流。
在Big Long上有Y处露营地点，平均分布于河廊。
随着漂流人数的增加，管理者被要求应该允许让更多的船只漂流。
他们要决定如何来安排最优的方案：包括旅行时间（以在河上的夜晚数计算）、选择哪种船（摩托还是桨船），从而能够最好地利用河中的露营地。
换句话说，Big Long River在漂流季节还能增加多少漂流旅行数？管理者希望你能给他们最好的建议，告诉他们如何决定河流的容纳量，记住任两组旅行队都不能同时占据河中的露营地。
此外，在你的摘要表一页，准备一页给管理者的备忘录，用来描述你的关键发现。
沿着大朗河露营摘要我们开发了一个模型来安排沿大河的行程。
我们的目标是为了优化乘船旅行的时间，从而使6个月的旅游旺季出游人数最大化。
我们模拟团体从营地到营地旅行的过程。
根据给定的约束条件，我们的算法输出了每组沿河旅行最佳的日程安排。
通过研究算法的长期反应，我们可以计算出旅行的最大数量，我们定义为河流的承载能力。
我们的算法适应于科罗多拉大峡谷的个案分析，该问题的性质与大长河问题有许多共同之处。
最后，我们考察当改变推进方法，旅程时间分布，河上的露营地数量时承载能力的变化的敏感性。
我们解决了使沿大朗河出游人数最大化的休闲旅行计划。
美国数学建模比赛规则翻译
比赛规则，注册与指导（所有的规则与指导适用于ICM和MCM比赛，不包括附加的通知与说明）每组参加比赛的队伍必须有一个该学院的指导老师进行指导。
指导教师：请仔细阅读以下说明。
你的责任是确保参赛队伍正确注册并且顺利完成所有参加比赛的各项要求。
在参赛过程中请打印一份参赛指导以作参考。
1.开始参赛前：A. 注册B. 组建队伍2. 比赛开始后A. 通过比赛网站了解比赛试题B. 选择问题C. 团队准备解决方案D. 打印出3.比赛结束前A. 通过邮件发送一份电子版的报告。
4. 比赛结束时A. 将报告压缩打包B. 邮寄包裹5.比赛结束后A. 确认你的队伍的报告接收成功B. 查看比赛结果C. 证书D. 奖励重要说明：1、COMAP对规则与政策有最终解释权，并且可以根据自己的判断取消没有按照比赛规程和要求的队伍的注册资格。
2、如果参赛队伍被发现违规，那么该队的指导教师将被取消一年的指导资格，并且该指导教师所在学校将被取消参加下一届比赛的资格。
3、如果同一所院校的队伍被发现违反比赛规则两次，那么这个学校将至少一年不允许参加比赛。
4、所有的时间以美国东部时间为准。
一、在比赛开始之前：A 注册所有的队伍必须在美国东部时间2011年2月10日下午两点之前完成注册。
我们建议所有队伍能够提前完成所有的注册过程，因为注册系统在截至时间后不会接受任何新的注册队伍。
COMAP在任何情况下都不会接受任何迟到的MCM/ICM注册队伍。
不会有任何的特例。
●通过网站注册队伍：网址/undergraduate/contests/mcm.a.如果你是为今年的比赛注册第一支队伍，那么点击位于屏幕左手边的Register for 2011 Contest键。
输入全部要求的信息，包括你的email地址以及联系信息。
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（2）汉译英
要求翻译自己队国赛作品的前4页，必须完整翻译摘要部分。
（3）提交时间
用1周时间完成英译汉和汉译英,在2013-11-13号之前,将作品发送到mgsxjm@.
电子邮件主题格式：翻译--各成员名，例如：翻译--张三，李0页左右的英文材料，
一般取自一个较大的文章，
所以翻译之前最好通读全文，了解背景。
翻译过程中，注意英文表达方式和中文表达方式的差异。
各队具体的翻译内容，请查阅附件“2013年美赛翻译安排”文档。
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页码指的是用pdf阅读器打开文件时显示的页码。