2004-2013-英语专四语法-从句

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英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读

英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读

英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读根据历年专四真题语法词汇题的总结,从句是语法考试的难点,时间状语从句是难点之一,以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读,希望能给大家带来帮助!§引导词有:when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly等。

____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.A) Hardly he had gone§B) No sooner had he goneC) Not until he wentD) Scarcely did he goHardly /Scarcely… when 和No sooner… thanShe comes to me whenever she feels lonely.Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。

The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 【拓展阅读】专四条件状语从句考点解析1、连词看到条件状语从句,我们一般都能想到由if做连词,引导的状语从句。

专四语法复习之状语从句

专四语法复习之状语从句

专四语法复习之-状语从句小结主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。

一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

1.时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, the day, every time, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2.地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3.原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as, since特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, in as much as, in so much asMy friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4.目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that for fear that,The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5.结果状语从句常用引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, o the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It’s su ch a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.6.条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, as far as only if, on condition that, providing/provided that, in the event that, suppose(supposing) that, given that in case that, assuming/ saying (that)We’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7.让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首),no matter …,in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.8.比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …,so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

专四语法讲解(从句)

专四语法讲解(从句)


从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语 一致,并且从句谓语含有be时,可以将从句主语 和be一起省略。 这被称为带连词的无动词状语从 句。


如: Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.
1.让步状语从句


让步状语从句:除了2000,2007年没考,其 他年份都考过 (1)由though, although, even if / though引 导的状语从句
(2)as引导的让步状语从句 (3) while 引导的让步状语从句 (4) no matter how/ what / when / where, however, whatever 引导的让步状语从句 (5)特殊让步状语从句
4.原因状语从句



常用引导词since, as, because, in that, 等 (1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因 为”、“就在于”。如: Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
1. I have never been to London, but that is the city _____.(97, 50) A. where I like to visit most B. I’d most like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. where I’d like most to visit [B]

专四语法归纳总结解读

专四语法归纳总结解读

一些搭配与主谓一致
• • • • • • • • a great many + 可数名词复数 many a + 可数名词单数 a number of +可数名词复数 the number of +可数名词复数 the majority of +可数名词复数 neither/either of +可数名词复数 more than one +可数名词单数 one and a half +可数名词复数 谓语用复数 谓语用单数 谓语用复数 谓语用单数 谓语用复数 谓语用单数 谓语用单数 谓语用单数
• 专四中常见的虚拟语气形式。 1) wish后的宾语从句 I wish I knew what was going to happen. 2)suggest (suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice)demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在这些从句中,谓语 形式为should加动词原形,should可以省略。 例:The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left (答案:B)(2002年49题) 例:It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week. A. comes B. will com C. come D. may come (答案:词作主语主谓一致 1)通常作复数的集体名词 集体名词,如:police, people,cattle,militia民兵,poultry家禽 等, 通常作复数,用复数动词。如: Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 有些集体名词,如foliage叶 子,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数 名词,随后的动词用单数。例如: All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。 The city council is meeting to set its agenda. 4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词 如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数 名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如: A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

最新2004年英语专业四级语法词汇部分及答案详解

最新2004年英语专业四级语法词汇部分及答案详解

12004年23441. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t botheredby his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.56A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than7答案:A 参考译文:那个喇叭手的确引人注意,但与其说我讨厌他的吵8闹,倒不如说他没天分。

试题分析:本题考查的是固定搭配的用法。

详细9解答:not so much …as意为“与其说是,倒不如说是”。

故选项A为正确答10案。

42.____, I’ll marry him all the same.1112A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poor13C. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor14答案:D 参考译文:无论他贫贱与否,我都会嫁给他。

试题分析:本15题为语法题,考查的是虚拟语气的固定用法详细解答:Be he rich or poor 相当16于whether he is rich or poor。

故选项D为正确答案。

1743. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to18ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.19A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever20答案:C 参考译文:政府决定允偌尽其职责去减轻洪水区受害者的损失。

21试题分析:本题考查代词的用法。

详细解答:whatever引导宾语从句,作主句22的宾语,在从句中作主语。

而选项A,B,D意思说不通。

44.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know2324beforehand?25A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprised26C. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised答27案:A 参考译文:如果昨天没有提前通知你,我就来了,你会觉得奇怪吗?28试题分析:本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。

专四语法复习-从句篇

专四语法复习-从句篇

从句专题从句引导词的确定从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句②在从句中作某种成分答题依据:看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义(一)主语从句引导词:从属连词—that, whether连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, how1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all.2 In some countries, ____ is called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people.A whichB whatC thatD one答案 B(二)宾语从句引导词:从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)连接副词—when, where, why, how1 By success, I don’t mean ___ usually thought of when that word is used.A what isB that weC as youD all is2 We agreed to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whicheverB whoeverC whateverD whomever3 The basic features of communication process are identified in one question: who says ___ through what channel to whom?A whatB howC whenD such4 Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ___ will happen on her private life.A thisB thatC itD what5 They always give the vacant seats to ___ come first.A whoeverB whomeverC whoD whom答案:ABADA(三)表语从句引导词:从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, howThat’s what they did. / why I didn’t come.The question is whether we shall stay or not./ how we can get there./ who he is./ whom he is looking for.The reason is (that) he is ill.(四)同位语从句引导词:从属连词—that, whether连接副词—when, where, why, howthat—无意义,不做成分,但不能省略同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。

专四历年语法真题总结

专四历年语法真题总结

c. in where
d. where 2002
1
7.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff
is needed for
quality control can be substantially reduced.
a. whose b. as
c. that
d. what
2003
3.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man
he was
twenty years ago.
a. which b. that
c. who
d. whom
2003
4. The experiment requires more money than
1997
14. I have never been to London, but that is the city
.
a. where I like to visit most
b. I’d most like to visit
c. which I like to visit mostly d. where I’d like most to visit
13. The physicist has made a discovery,
of great importance to the progress of
science and technology.
a. I think which is b. that I think is c. which I think is d. which I think is

2004年英语专业四级语法词汇部分及答案详解

2004年英语专业四级语法词汇部分及答案详解

2004年41. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than答案:A 参考译文:那个喇叭手的确引人注意,但与其说我讨厌他的吵闹,倒不如说他没天分。

试题分析:本题考查的是固定搭配的用法。

详细解答:not so much …as意为“与其说是,倒不如说是”。

故选项A为正确答案。

42.____, I’ll marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor答案:D 参考译文:无论他贫贱与否,我都会嫁给他。

试题分析:本题为语法题,考查的是虚拟语气的固定用法详细解答:Be he rich or poor 相当于whether he is rich or poor。

故选项D为正确答案。

43. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. wherever答案:C 参考译文:政府决定允偌尽其职责去减轻洪水区受害者的损失。

试题分析:本题考查代词的用法。

详细解答:whatever引导宾语从句,作主句的宾语,在从句中作主语。

而选项A,B,D意思说不通。

44.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised答案:A 参考译文:如果昨天没有提前通知你,我就来了,你会觉得奇怪吗?试题分析:本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。

1英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--从句

1英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--从句

• 表示“直到”:the instant, the
moment, the minute, the second,
the day, until, till
SDPSL EDU
Haifeng Yan
时间状语从句---注意事项 1. 时态: 1) 时间状语从句中一般不用将来时,若谈 论将来的事情,往往用一般现在时来代替 一般将来时,用一般过去时替代过去将来 时。
SDPSL EDU
Haifeng Yan
题型 年份
从属 分句
虚拟 语气
非谓 语动 词
1
代词
动词 时态
情态 动词
形容 词/ 副词
句子 主谓 成分 一致 结构
2
反意 疑问 句
限定 词
倒装 省略
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
4 5 6 4 2 3 3 6 4 2 3 2 3 4 1 1 1 2
• I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework. • In the event that our team wins, there will be a big celebration.
SDPSL EDU
Haifeng Yan
Only if vs. if only
c
SDPSL EDU
Haifeng Yan
条件状语从句
条件状语从句 • 常用if,unless(除非,如果不), as/so long as只要, only if, once,
on condition that (条件是),
provided/providing (that),

专四语法 定语从句

专四语法 定语从句

11. That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用 e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived.
This is the house that Louis XIII lived. This is the house where Louis XIII lived. This is house which Louis XIII lived in. This is the house Louis XIII lived in.
12 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分
同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有时使用that/which;
同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用when, 有时使用that/which 主要看: 从句意思是否完整;完整的话需用关系副词,若意思
不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。
2引导从句时表示“正如”,没有具体的内容, which引导从句时表示具体的内容
Air, as is well-known, contains some kinds of gas.
3 As引导的从句位置很灵活,可在主句前面、中间 和后面,而which从句只能放在主句之后。
14 定语从句和同位语从句的区别:
6. 当those作为先行词指人时,通常只能用who引 导;
7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所 修饰;多用于表示肯定意义的从句中,不用于表 否定意义的从句中。
e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.
eg. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

专四语法讲从句

专四语法讲从句
• 作地点状语:where=in/at which,先行词为表示时 间的名词;
• 作原因状语:why=for which,先行词为reason;
定语从句考点六:非限定性从句
• 非限定性从句的关系词为which, who, whom, as, 介词+which 不能用that
They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, __A__ is something we had not expected. 2003
other person is right yet you cannoBt /aDgree with him 2002
A. by which
B. that
C. in where
D. where
This company has now introduced a policy ___ pay rises are
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. they
定语从句考点七:but
• But引导限制性定语从句,先行词可是人也可是物, 表示that/who/which…not
There are very few _____ admire his talents. Not a day went by _____ brought us bad news at that
Child as/though he was, he could help his mother.
▲注意: a.句首名词不能带任何冠词. b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语
后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起 放在主语之前.

英语专四语法之定语从句

英语专四语法之定语从句

英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,在英语专四考试中也占有重要地位。

定语从句可以用来修饰一个名词或代词,并且能够起到更精确、更具体的描述作用。

定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种类型。

其中,关系代词包括that、who、whom、whose和which等,而关系副词则包括when、where和why等。

在定语从句的使用中,需要注意以下几点:
1.关系代词的选择应根据先行词的性质来确定。

2.定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在数和人称上保持一致。

3.定语从句的位置应与先行词的位置紧密相连。

4.关系代词who和whom的使用需要根据先行词在句子中的地位来选择。

除此之外,还需要注意避免使用重复的定语从句,以及注意定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别等问题。

总之,掌握好定语从句的使用方法,能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思,提高英语表达能力。

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英语专四语法讲义

英语专四语法讲义

名词性从句、定语从句名词性从句 三大从句定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 名词性从句表语从句 同位语从句两步解题法 1.抓连词2.抓连词在名词性从句中的成分连接词 -- that whether if (宾从)连词连接代词 -- what(ever) which(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) whose 连接副词 -- how(ever) when(ever) where(ver) why英语专业四级语法讲义代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭状从中的连接词--常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result thatso thatthat引导名词性从句--that + 完整句子(1)主语从句It is/was + adj.-ed+that +完整句子某些名词e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.*强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+ that +不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g.I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.It was I that met him in the street.(2)宾语从句主+ 谓语vt + (that) + 完整句子e.g.I know (that) he passed the exam.(3)表语从句主+ 系动词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow is right.There is /are + 抽象名词+ that + 完整句子*抽象名词answer, belief, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, sign, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, statement, suggestion, thought, probability…on the condition that…despite the fact that…on the understanding that…代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each …the first the last the only the veryN + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子that引导限定性定从N + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.what = all that; the thing that; the person thatwhat + 不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. ____it turned out, it was Italian movie.A What____ it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词___ + 不完整句子n A what Xvt /介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词,___ + 不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat与how的区别I don’t know what to do .I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of __A__ to do about it.A.whatB.how介词短语在句中的位置1)作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2)作定语n + 介短3)作表语系+介短4)与vi连用形成固搭wh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens, don’t panic.转折连词---找逗号“但是”however让步连词---找公式“无论如何”However, ,however,公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about B___ they might control the experiences of children to produce responsible and productive adults.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.howeverif与whether的区别if 条件状从“如果”/宾从“是否”whether 让步状从“无论是否”名词性从句(主从、宾从、表从、同位从)“无论是否”whether…or not/…or...We know, however, __D__ no two places are exactly the same.A)although B)whetherC)since D)that定语从句:限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句两步解题法1.抓先行项(指人、物、整句话内容)2.抓关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词:关系代词--作主、宾、表、定语关系副词--作状语e.g. This is the house ____①I once lived.②I once visited.①where / in which②that / which / XThis is the very house _that/x___ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day ___①I met him.②I spent with him.①when / on which②that / which / XI’ll never forget the very day _that/x__ I spent with him.地点N where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间N when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表词___ + 句子A whatB whichC that词,___ + 句子A whatB whichC thatN 介词+ which+主+谓+宾介词+ whom+主+谓+宾The food __on _ which he depends is expensive.We need a chairman ___in__ whom we have confidence.have confidence inbe confident ofWe were struck by the extend _to__ which the teacher’s decision served the interests of the school rather than those of the students.I listen to what he said.…set at ___C__ they would be if ….A whichB thatC whatD whoAs ①固定搭配②介词与like区别③原因状从④比较状从⑤方式状从⑥让步倒装⑦时间状从⑧定语从句as引导的限定性定语从句such…as (不完整句子)the same…as(不完整句子)注意与such …that区别such …that(完整句子)e.g. It wasn’t such a good dinner _B__ she had promised us.A.thatB.asC.whichD.whatpromise to do/promise sb sthe.g. There was such a long line at the exhibition _A___ we had to wait for about an hour.A.thatB.asC.soD.hencewait for me for a long timee.g. It is language _B___ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world.A.whatB.thatC.aswhose 表所属关系“…的”n + (,)whose + n.I know a girl whose name is Mary.I like the room whose window faces the south.The book, the cover _B__ is broken, isn’t mine.A whose B. of whichThe book , __A__ cover is broken, isn’t mine.A.whoseB.of which名从、定从真题练习04年43.The government has promised to do ________ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.[A]however[B]whichever[C]whatever[D]wherever03年43.Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.[A]where [B] of whose[C]whose[D]which51.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.[A]which[B]it[C]that[D]what52.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.[A]which[B]that[C]who[D]whom02年44.Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A]by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where45.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ___should make great differences in our life next summer.[A]which[B]what[C]that[D]they01年42.Even as a girl, ______ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.[A]performing by Melissa were[B]it was known that Melissa’s performances were[C]knowing that Melissa’s performances were[D]Melissa knew that performing was44.There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.[A]why [B] that[C]whether [D] when45.Intellect is to the mind ______sight is to the body.[A]what [B] as[C]that [D]like08年53.Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what62.Quality is ____ counts most.A.whichB.thatC. whatD.where09年56.I was very interested in _____ she told me.A.all thatB.all whichC.all whatD.that10年54.After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A.thatB.itC.whatD.there11年63.There is no doubt ________ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when参考答案:C.C. A. B. D A.D. B. A. D. C.A. C. B.状语从句状语从句让步状从although though even if / thougheven adv.Even 句子,句子XEven they get the answers right, some are just guessing. Xas引导的让步倒装adj.adv.n (无冠词) as + 主+谓分词短语表让步Although/Though 句首While 表转折but 句中当……时候46.____C__ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.[A]As long as[B]As[C]While[D]Evenwh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步whether…or not/or省略whether倒装Whether he is busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.Be he busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.42.____D____, I’ll marry him all the same.[A]Was he rich or poor [B] Whether rich or poor[C]Were he rich or poor [D] Be he rich or poordespite = in spite of介词介短条件状从if与whether的区别unless = if…notas long as=so long ason condition thatin the event that42.This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___B___ left untreated.[A]after[B]if[C]since[D]unlessprovided (that)= providing (that)= suppose (that)= supposing (that)__B_ I have enough money, I’ll visit Europe next year.A.ImagineB.SupposeC.ProvideD.Givein case:主+ do/does主+ should doin case of时间状从when while as 区别(2)Hardly haveScarcely+has+主+ done + whenhadhave(3)No sooner+has+主+ done + thanhad60.The couple had no sooner got to the station __D___ the coach left.A.whenB. asC.untilD.thanThis means that no sooner has he got used to one routine (33)______D__ he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.33.[A] as[B]when[C]then[D]thanas soon as=the instant=the minute=the momentby the timeevery time each timesince (自从)过去时间点主+ have/has –ed + since过去时句子till/until not …untilonce ①adv “曾经”②连词“一旦”before after then结果状从目的状从so…that with the result thatsuch…that so thatso that in order thattherefore consequently thus so原因状从because = in thatsince = now thatas forbecause of due toowing to thanks to54.Men differ from animals _C___ they can think and speak.A.for whichB. for thatC.in thatD.in which地点状从where wherever anywhere somewhereStay where you are.注意与定语从句的区别This is the house where I once lived.注意when引导的时间状从与定从的区别I’ll never forget the day when I met him.08年56.I enjoyed myself so much _B.____ I visited my friend in Pairs last year.A thatB whenC whereD which比较状从as…as, thanas … as possible = as … as one canthan:比较状从定语从句比较级+ than + 完整句子He ran faster than I did.比较级+ (n)+ than + 不完整句子方式状从as just asI have changed it as you suggested.注意与非限定性定语从句的区别I have changed it, as you suggested.41.She did her work ___A____ her manager had instructed.[A]as[B]until[C]when[D]though状从真题练习07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than[B]like[C]as[D]so61.The research requires more money than _____.[A]have been put in[B]has been put in[C]being put in[D]to be put in04年49.The experiment requires more money than____.[A]have been put in[B]being put in[C]has been put in[D]to be put in06年51.__________ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.[A]Although [B]Whatever[C]As [D]However03年45.—Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.[A]for[B]as[C]to[D]so49.____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.[A]As mush as[B]So much[C]How much[D]Much as08年55.____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much60.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was09年54._____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However08年56.I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where01年49.Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.[A]since that [B] in that[C]at that[D]so that参考答案:C.B. C.D. D. D.B. A. A. A. B.虚拟虚拟语气与情态动词1.if引导的虚拟语气(1)省略if 的虚拟倒装※had + 主语(not )done ※should + 主语 + do ※were +主语+ to do (2)含蓄虚拟without = but forwith(3)错综(混合)虚拟2.其他形式虚拟(1)wish / wished①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done (2)as if / as though①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done (3)if only①过去式主②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done(4)would rather = ’d rather 主①过去式②had done /would/could + have donewould rather do / not do(5)用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的名词性从句中that + 主语+(should)do+(should)be done两步解题方法:①圈出标志词(表建议、命令、要求的词)②选出动词原形suggest/-ed/-ion propose/-d/-sal order/-ed ask/-ed require/-d/-ment request/-eddesire/-d/-rable demand/-ed command/-edinsist/-ed/-ent/-ence recommend/-ed/-ation move/motion urge/-ent direct/-edadvise/-ce/-able important vitalessential necessary imperative(6)It's/was + timehigh time+that +主+ didabout time(7)lest (that)for fear that+主语+ should + do(in case)in case 主+ do/dose主+ should do(8)跳层虚拟真实,otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟,but + 真实真实—过去时/ must have done虚拟—would / could + have done3.情态动词+ have donemust + have donecan / could + have donemay / might + have doneshould / ought to + have doneshouldn't / oughtn't to + have doneneedn't + have donemust: 表命令“必须”表推测“一定”need: 情态动词“必要”+ do实义动词“需要”+ to doneed doing = need to be done虚拟语气真题14年51.It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A.is examiningB.will examineC.examinesD.examine55.Which of the following sentences indicatesPOSSIBILITY?A.The moon cannot always be at the full.B.You cannot smoke inside the building.C.He cannot come today.D.She cannot play the piano.13年54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?B.She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.63.If it ____ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained12年54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent11年61.It's getting late. I'd rather you _______ now.A.will leaveB. are leavingC.leaveD.left10年52.Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She __________ by bus.A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone60.It is necessary that he ___ the assignment without delay.A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in09年52.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A.could have beenB.would beC.will beD.would have been53.She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A.had beenB.must beC.has beenD.must have been61.Aren’t you tired? I ___ you had done enough for today.A.should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC.might have thoughtD. could have thought08年52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must getD.would get65.Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight o'clock.D.You must complete the reading assignment on time.07年54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.[A]had received[B]received[C]should receive[D]were receiving60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.[A]had had [B] has [C] had [D] would have65.It is absolutely essential that William ________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.[A]will continue[B]continued[C]continue[D]continues06年52.If only I ____._____ play the guitar as well as you![A]would [B]could[C]should [D]might54.It’s high time we __________ cutting down the rainforests.[A]stopped [B]had to stop[C]shall stop [D]stop59.It is imperative that the government _______ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.[A]attracts [B]shall attract[C]attract [D]has to attract05年51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.[A]would be[B]will have been[C]was[D]were60.That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.[A]betrayed…take[B]had betrayed…took[C]has betrayed…took[D]has betrayed…take63.__ you ____ further problems with your printer,contact your dealer for advice.[A]If, had[B]Have, had[C]Should, have[D]In case, had04年46.It is imperative that students ______ their term papers on time.[A]hand in[B]would hand in[C]have to hand in[D]handed in02年50._______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.[A]Had it not been[B]Hadn’t it been[C]Was it not[D]Were it not51.“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ___on something.”[A]I’d decide[B]I decided[C]I decide[D]I’m deciding00年48.You _______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.[A]needn’t have told[B]needn’t tell[C]mustn’t have told[D]mustn’t tell49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ______ quite such a crowd of people there.[A]weren’t[B]hasn’t been[C]hadn’t been[D]wouldn’t be参考答案:D A A A A D A A B D A D B A C C B A C A B C A A B A C时态、语态时态、语态常考时态、语态1.现在完成进行时have/has been doing(1)表示一个动作发生在过去,一直延续下去(2)现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别①现在完成时表动作已经完成;现在完成进行时表动作还在继续②现在完成时表动作已经一次性完成;现在完成进行时表动作反复发生③如果动作表示状态,应用现在完成时2.进行时be + doing①表示正在进行的动作②即将发生的动作③与always, for ever, constantly,continually等adv连用,表示说话人的某种情绪How can I ever concentrate if you _C__ continually ___ me with silly questions?A.have, interruptedB.had, interruptedC.are, interruptingD.were, interrupting3.表示将来的一般现在时①在时间状从和条件状从中②表计划好、安排好的事情be to do时态、语态真题练习13年58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week,C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.07年55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.[A]to start[B]to have started[C]to be starting[D]to have been starting58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.[A]arise[B]will arise[C]arose[D]have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.[A]had found [B] finds[C]has found [D] would find05年54.J ames has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.[A]will come[B]was coming[C]had been coming[D]came55._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.[A]I was and always will be[B]I have to be and always will be[C]I had been and always will be[D]I have been and always will be02年43.For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.[A]had been pointing [B] have been pointing[C]were pointing[D]pointed08年63.In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A.would makeB.had madeC.madeD.makes参考答案:C B B A B D B D反意问句反意问句前肯,后否前否,后肯否定形式:no not never little few seldom scarcely hardly rarely祈使句祈使句否定,will you?祈使句肯定, won’t you?句子的主语是this, that, these, those时,反意问句的主语为it, theyThis is a book, ______?复合句中的反意问句,有两种情况:①反意问句的主语应与主句主语一致Mary said her son would come, ___________?②主句的主语是I/We,谓语是think/believe/suppose时,反意问句主语应与从句主语一致I don’t think he’ll come, ________?there be结构的反意问句,反意问句主语用thereThere used to be…, didn’t there?There used to be…, usedn’t there?反意问句真题练习10年57.She seldom goes to the theatre, __________?A.doesn't sheB.does sheC.would sheD.wouldn't she08年58.When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, ____?A.do youB.don't youC.will youD.won't young与11年54题考一样06年65.There used to be petrol station near the park,______ ?[A]didn’t it [B]doesn’t there[C]usedn’t it [D]didn’t there03年53.She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?[A]hadn’t she[B]hasn’t she[C]woul dn’t she[D] didn’t she00年44.Do help yourself to some fruit, ______ you?[A]can’t[B]don’t[C]wouldn’t[D]won’t参考答案:B C D C D形容词、副词adj / adv比较结构倍数表达法:基数词+timesonce twice three times分数表达法:分子用基数,分母用序数;分子大于1,分母+S2/3 two-thirds倍数在句中的应用※主+谓+倍数/分数+as + adj + as※主+谓+倍数/分数+the size (amount /length /price…) of※主+谓+倍数/分数+adj/adv比较级+than※increase/decrease by+倍数/分数具有比较意义的adj两个特点:(1)不能与more,-er连用(2)不能与than连用, 只能与to连用superior to inferior tosenior to junior toprior to = before sensitive tosecond to preferable to含有最高意义的adjabsolute unique round right wrong correct perfect outstanding结构:be + of + a + nbe + much + of + a + nbe + more + of + a + n + thanbe + as + much + of + a + n + asadj / adv 比较级、最高级用法一些特殊的比较结构①the more…, the more…“越…越”e.g. The harder you study, the more progress you’llmake.②(not) so/as…as“如同…一样,不如…”e.g. It is not so/as good as it looks.③the same…as / the same as “和…一样”e.g. She looks just the same as before.I got the same feeling as you did.④no more A than BA not…any more than B“正如A不能…B也不能”;“和…一样不”A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.no less…than “不比…差”⑤not A so much as Bnot so much A as Bnot more …A than B“与其说A不如说B”;“是B,而不是A”He is not so much a writer as a reporter.形容词、副词真题练习14年62.Which of the following italicized parts modifies anadverb?A.I rather like my teacher.B.That was a very funny film.C.Do it right now.D.We walked about 6 miles.11年56.Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A.The city is now ten times its original size.B.I wish I had two times his strength.C.The seller asked for double the usual price.D.They come here four times every year.09年55.A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three timesB.three times the priceC.as much as the three times priceD.three times more than the price08年64.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A./B.that ofC.which isD.of07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than [B] like [C] as[D]so57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.[A]that [B] as [C] so [D]very11年57题、99年45题考的一样62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.[A]no more[B]not more[C]even more[D]much more06年64.It was __________ we had hoped.[A]more a success than[B]a success more than[C]as much of a success as[D] a success as much as05年59.Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ____ than Tim.[A]much more sportsman[B]more of a sportsman[C]more of sportsman[D]more a sportsman04年41.That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his l oudness ________ by his lack of talent.[A]so much as[B]rather than[C]as[D]than01年48.He was ______to tell the truth even to his closest friend.[A]too much of a coward[B]too much the coward[C]a coward enough[D]enough of a coward参考答案:C B B A C C B C B A A非谓语to do / not to do 非谓语 doing / not doingdone形式(时态、语态)注意:①to do 一般式表示动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生。

英语专四语法之定语从句

英语专四语法之定语从句

英语专四语法之定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构,常常用于修饰句子中的名词或代词,使其更加具体和明确。

下面将介绍英语专四考试中常见的定语从句类型和用法。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括who, whom, whose, that和which。

它们在定语从句中的作用是代替先行词,并引导一个修饰先行词的从句。

例如: - The man who is standing over there is my father.- The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.- The car that he drives is very expensive.- The woman whose daughter is in my class is a doctor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词包括when, where和why。

它们在定语从句中的作用是引导一个修饰先行词的从句。

例如:- The day when we met was sunny.- The place where we had dinner was very crowded.- The reason why he left the company is still unknown.3. 用于表示数量或序数的定语从句在表示数量或序数的句子中,常常使用定语从句来进一步说明先行词。

例如:- The first person who finishes the race will receive aprize.- The only thing that she wants for her birthday is a new guitar.- The number of students who attended the lecture was more than expected.以上是英语专四语法中关于定语从句的介绍,考生在备考过程中需要多加练习,尤其是在理解和使用不同类型的引导词上。

英语从句大全 Ppt

英语从句大全 Ppt

• 试比较: • I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 的宾语, 故用关系代词that / which ) • I have never been to Beijing, but it’s the place that I most want to visit. (place 作visit 的宾语。)
• 如: • 1)We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了 比赛。 试比较: • 2)We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。 (定语从句) • 例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个形 容词,其作用是修饰the news;例1中 的that从句的作用相当于一个名词, 是对the news的进一步说明。 • 有时如果主句的谓语动词较短,为保 持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,同位语 从句也常与要说明的名词分开。例如: Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。
英语从句专四考点归纳
从句定义
• 所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子,由从属连词 连接。由主句和从句构成的复合句,是英语中 比较复杂的句子结构。从句的种类有很多,但 根据其性质和作用可以分为:名词性从句,形 容词性从句(即定语从句),副词性从句(即 状语从句)三大类。从句构成与用法的考查要 点很多,历来是专业四级英语考试试题的热点 与焦点,专业四级英语考试几乎每年都涉及到 对名词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句的考查, 常将并列连接词、从属连词、关系代词、关系 副词放在同一题干中进行考查,故意设置干扰 项,增加试题难度,以考查考生分析交际语境、 理解句子之间的逻辑关系的能力。

2004-2013英语专四 词汇 固定搭配

2004-2013英语专四 词汇 固定搭配

真题词汇【固定搭配】1. He plays tennis to the ____ of all other sports. (2004)A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. Inclusion答案:B。

to the exclusion of意为“把……排斥在外”。

Exclusive school/neighborhood/store: Eradication:杜绝,根除~ smallpox 2. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January. (2005) A. carries into effect B. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect答案:B。

take effect意为“起作用,生效”,符合题意;put/bring sth into effect意为“使生效,落实计划”,此处应为被动语态;Have an effect/side effect on sth/sb3. She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.(2007)A. my backB. my headC. my eyeD. shoulder答案:A。

turn one’s back on sb为固定搭配,意为“不理会某人,不肯给某人帮助”。

Turn a blind eye to sth:熟视无睹Turn a cold shoulder on sb: 不理睬人4. Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.(2007)A. smackedB. openedC. partedD. separated答案:A。

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三类从句名词性从句:Nominative/noun clauses1. 主语从句subject clause除基础知识外,另外要掌握的:a. 识别it作形式主语,主语从句后置It is a privilege that you have invited me to the party.b. whether, if引导主语从句的区别c. whatever, whoever, whenever , wherever引导主语从句时,不可以用no matter what/who/when/where替换。

在引导让步状语从句时,可互换。

2. 宾语从句object clausea. 识别it作形式宾语, 宾语从句后置I consider it an honor that you have invited me to your wedding.b. whether, if引导的宾语从句可互换(没有和or not连用时),但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether, 不能用if. It is a question of whether we should compromise our integrity.c. 不可省略连词that的5种情况可浏览一下,有个印象:两个以上宾语从句,有插入语,直宾, that从句后置,宾语从句是复合句,且复合句中从句位于主句之前。

3. 表语从句predicative clausea. 位于系动词之后;b. 可用whether, as if, as though引导。

It looks as if it is going to rain.c. 当主句的主语是reason时,引导词用that, 不能用because.The reason why they were upset was that they lost the game.4. 同位语从句appositive clause;1. 通常在抽象名词之后,连词that 通常不可省略;if不能引导同位语从句;We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. (if不对)2. 和定语从句的区别: 作句子成分?3. doubt在否定句中带同位语从句时的引导词是that, 在肯定句中一般用whether.I don’t doubt ____ he can finish the task on time.I doubt ____ they can swim across the river.定语从句attributive clause:先行词:antecedent关系代词:relative pronoun限定性restrictive ~,非限定性non restrictive ~1.关系代词that, who, which用法区分;2.只能用that的情况:先行词前有特定的修饰词,不定代词;先行词是人+物的时候;3.关系代词which前可加介词,that前不能加介词;4.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别5.定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致:He is one of the players who are awarded a prize.He is the only one of the players who is awarded a prize.状语从句adverbial clause:时间~ of time,地点~ of place,原因~ of cause,比较~ of comparison,结果~ of result,条件~ of condition,让步~ of concession,目的~ of purpose,1. for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句要用should do/be:She put an extra blanket over the baby lest/for fear that he should catch a cold.2. as, though引导的让步状语从句;as 要倒装,though可倒装,也可不倒装。

3. though, although让步状语从句中,主句可用yet, still, 但不能用but. Though he is rich, yet/still he is unhappy.3. while可引导让步,通常放句首。

4. not…because否定because引导的原因状语从句The mountain is not famous because it is high.5. A is B as/what C is D.比较状语从句各类表示比较的结构: comparisons a.as...as…: as good as dead /sold (实际上等于,和…一样)b.m ore/less…than…: 和其…不如…This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.c.no less A than B: A和B一样A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.d.n o more…than B, not…any more than B:同B一样不…One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour is.e.more than: 多于,非常,不只是Her performance is more than good; it was perfect.f.not so much A as B: 和其说…不如说The high-tech company CEO is not so much a computer expert as a sharp businessman.g.n ot so much as:甚至不,连…都不…I have not so much as heard of him, much less know him.真题练习状语从句: Adverbial clause1.________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (2005)A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had答案:C。

should位置提前到句首,表示和将来相反的可能性。

A选项是虚拟语气;A, D选项时态错误。

2. Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what答案:D。

A is to B what C is to D是固定句式。

Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.3. Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which答案:C。

in that意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句。

A和D用来引导定语从句。

4. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Though much答案:B。

much as意为“尽管”,相当于though和although,引导让步状语从句,故选B。

as much意为“同样地”。

5. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (2008)A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where答案:A。

本句没有出现先行词,可知这句话不是定语从句,后半句last year,故选when,引导时间状语从句。

6. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.(2009)A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However答案:A。

whatever=no matter what,引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,充当宾语;whenever引导时间状语从句,表示“无论何时”,和句意不符;whichever通常指一种选择关系,表示“无论哪个,无论哪些”;however引导让步状语从句时,后面常接形容词或副词。

7. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.(2010)A. whoB. asC. likeD. that答案:B。

as引导让步状语从句时,从句部分必须倒装,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。

8.W hich of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause? (2012) A.I got a job as soon as I leftuniversity.B. As there was no answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercises as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is,Mark is not a happy man.答案:B。

考查as的诸多用法,选项A,as…soon…as引导时间状语从句;B项as引导原因状语从句;C项as表示方式;D项as表让步。

定语从句Attributive clause1. The party, ________ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. (2006)A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which答案:D。

此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词the party常和at连用,在从句中作状语。

介词放在关系代词前。

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