初中英语语法——三大从句之表语从句
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【初中英语语法——三大从句之表语从句】
【表语从句】
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句,例如: T he problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The s cissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find h im a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
“That is why...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如: That is why you se
e this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮,这就是现在这
个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Tha t is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“That is the reason why...”中why引
导的是—个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样,例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意
的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词
性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/
因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由,“That is why...”
则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he ha
d to help his littl
e sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有
去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see i t last night.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
[考题1]
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain i s “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
[答案] D
[解析]下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句,如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此,应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
[考题2]
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
[答案] B
[解析]下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词,“I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构),下划线应填入引导词where,表语从句“w here I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、我不同意的地方”。[考题3]
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
[答案] A
[解析]下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语,下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
[考题4]
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer stu dents showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why
B. That; what
C. What; because
D. Why; that
[答案] A