生产管理论文(Production management papers)

生产管理论文（Production management papers）Introduction to production management and safetyI. Basic knowledge of production managementSince the human society, there has been joint labor and production, then inevitably there is production management. Without production management, it is impossible to combine all kinds of dispersed and independent production factors to accomplish and realize the common production goal. Thus, production management is indispensable in all social production process.Two, the meaning of production managementThe production management is to achieve a given production target, and adopt effective means and methods of production, and relevant people and things, time and information plan, a series of activities of the organization, command, coordination and control. It ensures orderly and efficient production.Three, production management statusA, production management is an indispensable part of enterprise activities. Enterprise management is the market, product development and production management of the activities of the composition;B, production and operation management is an important function of enterprise management. It is the guarantee of theenterprise's management goal and the correct decision, and it is coordinated with the technical development and management of the enterprise.Four, the purpose of production managementProduction management is aimed at high efficiency, low consumption, flexibility and punctuality. Can be divided into the following implementation content:1. Ensure delivery time;2, shorten the production cycle, it can not only ensure the delivery time, but also reduce the occupation of WIP, thus reducing product costs;3, reduce WIP inventory, reflect the effectiveness of management. By reducing WIP inventory, it can not only reduce costs, shorten production cycles, but also find problems in production management;4, improve production efficiency5, reduce production costs6, stable production of quality requirements of users7, improve the flexibility of the production systemAs for production management, operation and improvement are often considered as quality, cost, delivery time and time. Howto meet customer's needs and maintain the smooth production and marketing activities is the key to production managementFive, production management functionsIn the actual operation of production management, we should grasp the function of production management and make use of it to meet the purpose of production management1. production planIn order to produce business, manufacturing orders and forecast the number of products and delivery on the basis of resource allocation for different period of production planning, production and marketing activities as outsourcing management, material planning and control, site management and production control and execution of the work basis.The main tasks of the production plan can be summarized into the following five items:1, to ensure delivery date and production;2, enable enterprises to maintain commensurate workload and appropriate operating capacity;3, as the basis of material procurement basis;4 maintain an adequate level of inventory of important products or materials;5, the long-term production plan, operators and machines2. routing planAccording to the basic plan of manufacturing mode and material composition of the enterprise, the general production technology proposed by the relevant departments, including the manufacturing process and method of setting, set the standard working hours and material usage standard, inspection items and methods of decision making, its purpose is to shorten the product cycle time, make the product process optimization, to reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, and as a daily schedule, work assignment and production schedule and control basis.3. scheduleThe schedule is one of the most important link in the production management, how to plan the production of preset time, sequence, different products, quantities of convergence, are planning to clear the content items or center.The production activities of enterprises is a broad and complex system, this system can make the smooth operation, must have system of production schedule planning and arrangements, provide the basis for the production of various departments, departments and even the comprehensive operation can be orderly and efficient.Planning the agenda1, determine the baseline scheduleAccording to the process / material of the operation, the starting / finishing period reference / sequence is indicated.2. Determine the production scheduleDetailed monthly production plan based on baseline schedule, production capacity and delivery schedule.3. Arrange the agendaArrange in accordance with the delivery dateAccording to the customer arrangementAccording to the process bottleneck size arrangement4, preparatory work preparationAdequate job preparation and production schedule review to ensure the feasibility and achievement of the plan.Implementation steps of agenda plan1. make monthly production plan according to production plan;2. determine the start and completion date of the product on the basis of the baseline schedule;3. determine the standard processing time of individualprocesses;4. determine process start and finish times in accordance with process data and machine / manual load;5. define production schedule and start and finish date;6. specify work / machine start date and completion date with work schedule;7. confirm the pre production preparation for the schedule;8. adjust / revise the schedule when necessary.4. job assignmentAccording to the order routing and schedule the completion date, the workload assigned appropriate to the staff of various departments with the machine, in order to start the actual production activities. There are three kinds of methods: centralized dispatching, dispersed dispatching and mixed dispatching. Its function is:(1) give orders effectively.(2) providing material consumption and working hours data for batch manufacturing order as the basis for cost calculation.(3) as the basis for the preparation of tools and fixtures for the public works department.(4) as the manufacturing department supervisor, dispatch workers and control the manufacture of the products.(5) provide the process data as a reference after the routing plan and schedule.(6) provide the manufacture process for material, delay, quality abnormal data as a reference control over personnel.5. progress controlAccording to the schedule of production schedule, control the time step by step to ensure the completion of the schedule. Its contents include the control of time and quantity. Its function is:(1) once the manufacturing work has been dispatched, the production schedule of the product will be in accordance with the planned production schedule in advance, and only if the progress is checked continuously.(2) grasp the actual progress of the manufacturing work, review the degree of achievement of the schedule, and then analyze the reasons for the lead or delay in production, and take remedial measures in order to complete the project on time.Six 、 production management responsibilitiesWith the difference of enterprise scale and production form, the production organization and the scope of pipe production need to be adjusted frequently, but the main work is thecoordination of production plan, production schedule and abnormal production and marketing.A variety of small order production units often have emergency work. Therefore, the enrichment of the work of institutionalization and abnormal management is neglected by mass production. The responsibilities of the sanitary work are usually as follows:(1) determine the product, quantity and delivery time(2) production capacity and load analysis before production, and get ready for work(3) arrange production plan and schedule(4) do grasp the supply of materials required for production(5) allocation and coordination of production work;(6) control the actual production situation and coordinate the problem(7) responsible for the liaison work about the shipment(8) regular participation in production and marketing coordination meetings and production meetings;(9) analyze and review production performance, check and record reports(10) participate in other relevant activities, review meetings, etc.Seven, production management: 1 2 3; finance; 4.; information; the time.Among the five objects of production management, people are the main ones. Man is a dual role in management, both as a manager and as a manager. Management objects include people and other objects, while management of other objects is implemented by people. Therefore, the main body of the management process is human, and the behavior of people and people is the core of management.Wealth and material are the important material basis for an organization to achieve its goals, and are also important management objects. Money and things are passive. Management is the close coordination of the elements of wealth and goods with other elements.Information is the object of management because information reflects the management situation.Information can be transferred and processed.The information system is the nervous system of the management system".Management of the flow of people and logistics through information to reflect and achieve. Management should give full play to its function and rely on information support.The true and effective collection and dissemination of information is an important means of management activities.Any management activity can not be separated from time. One of the important characteristics of production and life in modern society is timeliness. Seize the opportunity, seize the opportunity is an important factor in successful management.Eight, production management system(1) management system1. function of management system(1) the system is the growth point of organizational power.(2) the system is the established way of collective cooperation, and should be a common tacit understanding within the enterprise.(3) the system is a tool to simplify the work method and obtain the quality of work.(4) system is a method to reduce the dependence of enterprise on employees' technology, experience and ability.2., the establishment of management system principles(1) pay attention to efficiency, effect and elasticity.(2) the system itself should have the ability to restrain itself.(3) before carrying out the system, the results and defects should be foreseen and prevented in advance.(4) reduce the frequency of institutional change.3., management system formulation steps(1) to determine the function and organizational status of the system.(2) determine the working items of the system.(3) determine the working process and working methods of the system.(4) the design of system statement.(5) the establishment and establishment of relevant data.(6) allocation of work and division of powers and responsibilities.(7) research on management methods.(8) publication and implementation, including schedule, budget and method of implementation.Nine, simple production management and work planning andpractical operation processFirst, the planDesign production capacity - production objectives - Purchasing - quality management - cost management - production schedule.Two, organizationDegree of centralization - external contracting - overtime hours - equipment scheduling - production equipment - production staffing - ScheduleThree, leadershipMotivating employees - work order - work indicators - personnel performance evaluationFour, control:Inventory control - quality control - progress control - cost control - production controlOperating practicesThe production management of a small enterprise is fairly simple, and the effective workflow is usually as follows:(1) sales: direct contact with the customer through the experience of the order, and determine the price and delivery.(2) material planning: the quantity required by the purchasing staff shall be determined by the responsible person after a short calculation.(3) routing plan: on the basis of past experience directly tell the site supervisor decision process.(4) cost estimation: the cost of materials used in each batch is calculated, plus the approximate work time required, and the wage is calculated. The manufacturing cost is calculated.(5) schedule: inform the on-site supervisor or staff of the date and delivery date of each batch of products by oral notice or simple record.(6) job assignment: the work drawings, work instructions, samples and materials required are handed over to the supervisor or staff at the site for their own work.(7) schedule control: daily inspection by the responsible person to the factory, check the actual progress and the delivery time required by the customer.(8) delivery: after the completion of the product, slightly with the specifications of the comparison, to determine the correct storage, temporary storage or direct to the customer.Ten, production management strategy inductionBefore the establishment of a variety of small quantityproduction management, the selection of production management strategy is as important as the rationalization of the pipe operation.Formulate flexible production and marketing management systemA variety of mode of production changes, must develop appropriate marketing management system, sales department to follow.Manage the auxiliary vendor to avoid material shortageIt is necessary to establish an outsourcing management system in order to adjust order in the light season and deal with urgent orders,Among them, the choice and management of the assistant supplier is crucial to the success of the outsourcing management. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job with the management of the auxiliary manufacturers to avoid the shortage of work stoppage.Selecting reasonable or outsourcing jobsBefore outsourcing management, it is necessary to choose and judge self - and outsourcing operations, which will not only affect production costs, but also affect delivery coordination.Application of mixing factory layoutIn a variety of small order production trends, the combination of mixed plant layout and group factory layout is the key point of process management improvement.Implement small batch productionExtensive line production, mixed line production, and group production are all examples of a few small order production methods. Therefore, the implementation of small batch production is the basis of a variety of small order production management.Small batch production can not only reduce inventory and shorten production time, but also easy to manage WIP and more flexibility in production and marketing. For manufacturing, it is indisputable that a small quantity of production can handle a variety of small orders.The training of multi skilled workers to work and personnel arrangement is more flexibleThe production of multiple products with planned manpower can not only eliminate the imbalance between workload and capability, but also prevent delay in delivery due to employee leave or project connection failure. Therefore, multi skilled work should be planned to make work and personnel arrangements more flexible.The promotion of visual management, management of abnormal problemsA variety of small order production methods often have abnormal problems because of the frequent change of production lines. The implementation of visual management, can quickly grasp the problem, and take timely measures to improve the production country, reduce defective goods and delivery delays and so on.Visual management is the heart, TCDC group intelligence simplified one and use planning, implementation, assessment and management, through the Kanban, color, light, sample entities such as display and marked, can further make the management work more to implement.According the production load regulation that the production and marketing closelyEx ante capacity load analysis can understand the general situation of production and marketing activities, further grasp the surplus amount and adjust them flexibly so as to make the production and marketing work more closely coordinated.To make the production management system and computerized, quickly grasp the production informationIt is the trend of production management to use computer to grasp production and marketing information promptly and correctly, adjust order condition in time, and make a variety of production methods more flexible.The training and selection of active coordination and good production management personnelIn order to improve the efficiency of the system management, we should train and select the active and coordinated production and logistics management personnel in order to meet the varied and small order production conditions.Eleven. Safety standards for production managementIn the process of production management, to avoid causing injuries and property damage accidents and take corresponding prevention and control measures, to ensure the safety of employees, ensure the production and operation activities related to the activities carried out smoothly. This activity is named safety management!Safety management is a complicated system engineering, need to use the method of theory and method of safety system engineering, the basic factors affecting the safety of personnel and equipment, quality management and effective control, so as to achieve the "controllable".1, how to improve the safety management level?Through direct practice and indirect practice, improve the level of safety management. Indirect practice is the acquisition of management knowledge through theoretical, normative, and standard learning. Therefore, we are required to study the basic scientific knowledge of the major and study the rules and regulations that combine with the basic knowledge and experience of the major. We should practice the successful examples and practices of others. Direct practice is to get experience and lessons from the accident, because the accidentis contrary to the objective law punishment; is the most impartial examination of the work; forcing people to accept the real scientific practice. Pay attention to the investigation and handling of the accident, find out the cause of the accident, and prevent the similar accident from occurring. Do a good job of statistical analysis of the accident, grasp the law of the accident, so as to guide the production safety management,Provide safety management level.2, solve the problem of cognition and stress the basic position of safety workThe enterprise is the main part of safety production, and it is necessary to implement and strengthen the responsibility of the enterprise in the work of safety in production. In the entire production process of the enterprise, every link and every post should attach great importance to the work of safety in production. From the production process and the standardization of posts, in doing a good job in assessing the safety of enterprises based on the work carried out in various types of enterprises throughout the country to carry out safety and quality standardization activities. Safety and quality standardization construction experience to promote coal mine safety and quality standards, regulations enacted in various industries, guide enterprises to establish and improve various aspects of job safety and quality standards, standardize the behavior of production safety, promote enterprise safety and quality management level, a level. Small enterprises are the weak link of safety production management. While encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public sectorof the economy, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the supervision and management of safe production of individual and private enterprises, and gradually explore a set of effective measures for supervision and administration.3, earnestly implement the personnel safety responsibility system at all levels, especially the safety first responsibility personSafety production responsibility system is an important organizational measure to do safety work well. Many years of practice have proved that the responsibility system for production safety has been well implemented, the security situation is good, otherwise, the security situation is poor. In order to implement the responsibility system for production safety, we must first of all personnel and departments in work safety responsibilities, rights and interests were clearly defined, responsibilities, rights and interests is not clear, it is difficult to implement the responsibility system. With all levels of personnel at all levels, units at all levels to implement the signing of the "responsibility for safety in production" form, and gradually implement the responsibility for safety in production, and according to the responsibility and requirements of accountability. Earnestly implement the responsibility for safety in production of the person in charge of production and operation units, which is an important prerequisite for the safe production of production and operation units. Can start from the following four aspects:We should set up the thought of "safety first, prevention first"To establish and improve the responsibility system for production safety of the principal responsible personTo establish the principal responsible for reporting to the staff congressFourth, we must strengthen the supervision function of governments at all levels4, improve the safety guarantee system and safety supervision system so as to make full use of it.All regions and departments should strengthen safety supervision as a means to promote the implementation of the safe production law. First, improve the production safety supervision institutions. Although many areas have initially established a "three institutions, four networks" security monitoring system, but overall, uneven progress. Up to now, there are 33% counties and 25% cities and municipalities without security supervision institutions. In the already established safety regulatory body, the problems of personnel and lack of funds are prominent. To make explicit provisions to strengthen the local production safety supervision agencies at all levels and the law enforcement team construction, local governments at all levels in accordance with the "production safety law" requirements, establish and improve production safety supervision mechanism, enrich the necessary personnel. Two is to strengthen ahead of guard. All levels of production safety supervision and inspection personnel, not only toin-depth investigation and analysis of the cause of the accident, seriously investigate and deal with liability foraccidents, more important is to discover and to urge the rectification of safety hazards, the accident nipped in the bud. Enterprises should also establish a scientific safety accident prevention system, and take the initiative to troubleshoot security risks and problems. Three is to strengthen the supervision of small enterprises in particular. Small company wide, numerous, complex, safety supervision difficult, is the weak link of work safety supervision. From the aspects of organization and leadership, working mechanism and safety investment, a set of effective supervision methods are gradually explored.5, actively carry out safety evaluation and risk assessment work.Safety evaluation and risk assessment is an important content of modern safety management, the current situation and the level of safety of a unit of the correct evaluation, and evaluate all aspects of risk factors and severity, with a clear anti accident struggle focus and the need to take measures to achieve advanced control. To reduce and eliminate accidents.We should conscientiously implement the regulations on the administration of safety assessment institutions, and strengthen the supervision and administration of safety assessment institutions. "Safety first, prevention first" is the basic policy of our country's safety in production. Hu Jintao, general secretary of the central economic work conference held at the end of last year stressed: "safety production issues related to the people's lives and property security, social stability is a major concern.". Leading cadresat all levels should attach great importance to it and work hard to reduce and eliminate all kinds of major accidents, and earnestly carry out the work concerning safety in production." Since the sixteen year old, the central leading comrades have more than 150 instructions on the work of production safety, which fully reflects the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council attaches great importance to the work of safety in production. Our security evaluation work is to implement the "safety first, prevention first" technical guarantee, is the implementation of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council's policy of safe production of concrete embodiment.1., strict access and strict management should be adopted to ensure the quality of the safety assessment institutions from the source.2., strict security assessment personnel access.3, to do a good job of safety evaluation requires high-quality talents.4., establish the quality assurance mechanism of safety evaluation work.6, strengthen on-site supervision and inspection, to ensure long-term stability of enterprises.The whole production management needs unremitting efforts. To this end, enterprises should pay attention to the following tasks:First, strict implementation of 24 hours of uninterrupted production safety scheduling and leading cadres on duty system. Every day, a leading cadre above the level of the division keeps the shift on duty and deals with the problems in production safety in a timely manner.Two is the strict deputy general over the leadership of "Five" assessment system, each well to write a summary of the questions on the exam, a team leader or supervisor, blasters, weekly for a D card, each stop a "strict discipline, responsibility to complete a project, so as to improve the quality of well field.Three is to strengthen the night shift safety management. In the night, strict inspection system, each month must complete 6 illegal indicators, each completed a monthly listing index, stop operation a "strict violation of" index. Strictly the project manager, deputy manager of the production site to "364" system, the monthly production site of 3 middle, 3 night, 6 hours a month on duty 8 indicators, not less than 4. Security supervision department strictly in the night check system, the night shift will adhere to the 8 hour work system, in particular, to strengthen the night shift management, night work shall not empty classes missed.Four is strict on-site safety management. Strictly control the operation of the production command system, and strictly analyze the accident impact analysis system. Any accident and influence, the project department should report to the dispatch room, must be in accordance with the "three off, analyze and deal with the four responsibility" principle; strict on-site attendant at work system; it is strictly 24 hours; strict stop。