关于“疑问词 不定式”结构

“疑问词+不定式(短语)”是一个很有用的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句，通常在某些动词(如tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand等)后面做宾语，有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等。如：

He didn’t know how to answer her.

他不知道该怎样回答她。

When to start has not been decided.

何时动身尚未决定。

I don’t know who to ask advice from.

我不知道应向谁征求意见。

Would you please advise me which to buy?

你能否告诉我该买哪一个才好?

Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it.

请(给我)解释该从哪里开始及该怎么做。

They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect.

他们就该选谁的问题交换了意见。

注意：按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略型疑问句中，其后可跟不带to 的不定式。如：

Why get upset just because you got a bad mark?

何必因为没有考好就想不开呢?

You’re looking tired. Why not take a holiday?

你一脸倦容，怎么不休假呢?

[巩固练习]

I. 单项填空。

( ) 1. I’m going on a field trip but I haven’t decided__________. (20XX年河南)

A. what to do

B. to do what

C. where to go

D. to go where

( ) 2. —This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me ________, Wang Lin？

—Sure. (20XX年陕西)

A. what to work it out

B. what to work out it

C. how to work it out

D. how to work out it

( )3. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ________ buy a digital camera？(20XX年安徽)

A. what to

B. where to

C. what I can

D. where can I

II. 用“疑问词＋不定式”改写下列句子。

4. How we should do it was discussed last night.

__________ was discussed last night.

5. I didn’t know where I should go.

I didn’t know ____________.

6. The difficulty was how we should cross the river.

The difficulty was ____________ .

III. 根据汉语补全下列英语译文。

7. 何时动身还不知道。

____________ is unknown.

8. 我忘了该怎么办。

I forgot ___________.

9. 我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。

I can tell you _________.

Keys:

I. 1-3 CCB

II. 4. How to do it 5. where to go

6. how to cross the river

III. 7. When to start 8. what to do

9. where to buy(get) this book