专业英语翻译-22桥梁施工技术
桥梁术语英语词汇(简洁版)
桥梁工程英语专业词汇 approach span appropriate reinforcement design arch axis arch bridge arch bridge with suspended road arch crown arch hinge arch rib arch ring arch seat assembling bolt auxiliary bridge for construction auxiliary pier axial bearing capacity of piles axial compression strength of concrete back of arch Bailey bridge balance weight abutment bank bar barge basic wind speed basin beam bridge beam lowering bearing bearing member bearing stiffener, end stiffener bearing stratum bearing structure 引桥 适筋设计 拱轴线 拱桥 下承式拱桥 拱顶 拱铰 拱肋 拱圈 拱座 拼装螺栓 施工便桥 辅助墩 桩轴向承载力 混凝土轴心抗压强度 拱背 贝雷桥 衡重式桥台 边滩 驳船 基本风速 流域 梁式桥 落梁 支座 承重极件 端加劲肋 持力层 承重结极 mixing of concrete model modular ratio modulus of deformation for concrete modulus of elasticity for concrete modulus of elasticity in shear of timber moisture content of soil moment redistribution monolithic concrete slab bridge monolithic girder bridge motor vehicle loading movable bearing movable bridge movable supporting frame multi-cell box girder bridge multiple service bridge multiple-span rigid frame bridge multi-span natural erosion varying erosion natural ground navigation clearance negative skin friction negative stay neutral axis nominal load nominal value of an cation non-bearing member non-destructive test by ultrasonic method non-destructive test by γ-ray method 混凝土拌制 模型 模量比 混凝土变形模量 混凝土弹性模量 木材剪弹模量 土的含水量 弯矩重分布 整体式板桥 整体式梁桥 汽车荷载 活动支座 开启桥 蝴蝶架 单箱多室梁桥 多用桥 多跨刚架桥 多跨 自然冲刷 天然地基 通航净空 负摩擦力 负拉索 中性轴 标准荷载 作用标准值 非承重极件 超声波无损检验 γ射线法无ng template, bed block bed rock benchmark (B.M.) bend test of bars bending-up of flexural reinforcement bent cap. Capping bent-up bar bituminous deck pavement bleeding of concrete blind ditch block block for seismic protection bolt connection bond stress bored cast-in-situ pile bowstring arch bridge, tied-arch bridge box culvert box girder box girder with multiple cells bracket braking force and tractive force braking pier, abutment pier bridge and culvert bridge crane bridge crossing structure over river bridge deck bridge erecting crane bridge flutter bridge foundation 支承垫石 基岩 水准点 钢筋冷弯试验 钢筋的弯起 盖梁 弯起钢筋 沥青铺装桥面 泌水 盲沟 砌块 防震挡块 普通螺栓连接 粘结应力 钻孔灌注桩 系杆拱桥 箱形涵洞 箱梁 多室箱梁 牛腿 制动力和牵引力 制动墩 桥涵 桥式起重机 桥渡 桥面 架桥机 桥梁颤振 桥梁基础 oblique lap joint observation of debris flow observation of ground water observation of landslide offset of foundation one-direction raking pile foundation one-stage design one-way slab open caisson foundation open caisson notch open caisson sinking method open caisson with a "tailored" cutting edge open caisson with multi-dredge wells open caisson with single dredge well open cut foundation open floor, open deck open spandrel abutment open spandrel arch bridge open web girder bridge opening of bridge and culvert, span length ordinary rebar orthotropic plate analogy outlet submerged culvert overall length of bridge overall span length of bridge overflow bridge overflow pavement overturning stability of pier and abutment over-wrest 斜搭接接头 泥石流观测 地下水观测 滑坡观测 基础襟边 单向斜桩桩基 一阶段设计 单向板 沉井基础 深井凹槽 沉井下沉方法 高低刃脚沉井 多孔沉井 单孔沉井 明挖基础 明桥面 空腹式桥台 空腹拱桥 空腹梁桥 桥涵孔径 普通钢筋 比拟正交异性板法 压力式涵洞 桥梁全长 桥梁总跨径 漫水桥 过水路面 墩台倾覆稳定 超拧
桥梁工程英语词汇
结构控制structural controlstructure control结构控制: structural control結構控制: structural control结构控制剂: constitution controller裂缝宽度容许值裂缝宽度容许值: allowable value of crack width装配式预制装配式预制: precast装配式预制的: precast-segmental装配式预制混凝土环: precast concrete segmental ring安装预应力安装预应力: prestressed最优化optimization最优化: Optimum Theory|optimization|ALARA 使最优化: optimized次最优化: suboptimization空心板梁空心板梁: hollow slab beam主梁截面主梁截面: girder section边、中跨径边、中跨径: side span &middle spin主梁girder主梁: girder|main beam|king post 桥主梁: bridge girder主梁翼: main spar单墩单墩: single pier单墩尾水管: single-pier draught tube单墩肘形尾水管: one-pier elbow draught tube结构优化设计结构优化设计: optimal structure designing扩结构优化设计: Optimal Struc ture Designing 液压机结构优化设计软件包: HYSOP连续多跨多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports拼接板splice barsplice plate拼接板: splice bar|scab|splice plate 端头拼接板: end matched lumber销钉拼接板: pin splice裂缝crack crevice跨越to step acrossstep over跨越: stride leap|across|spanning跨越杆: cross-over pole|crossingpole 跨越点: crossing point|crossover point刚构桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥: rigid frame bridge形刚构桥: T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥: continuous rigid frame bridge刚度比stiffness ratioratio of rigidity刚度比: ratio of rigidity|stiffness ratio 动刚度比: dynamic stiffenss ratio刚度比劲度比: stiffnessratio等截面粱uniform beam等截面粱: uniform beam|uniform cross-section beam桥梁工程bridge constructionbridgework桥梁工程: bridgeworks|LUSAS FEA|Bridge Engineering 桥梁工程师: Bridge SE铁路桥梁工程: railway bridge engineering悬索桥suspension bridge悬索桥: suspension bridge|su e io ridge 懸索橋: Suspension bridge|Puente colgante 加劲悬索桥: stiffenedsuspensionbridge预应力混凝土prestressed concrete预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete|prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam预应力混凝土管: prestressed concrete pipe预应力钢筋束预应力钢筋束: pre-stressing tendon|pre-stre ingtendon 抛物线型钢丝束(预应力配钢筋结构用): parabolic cable最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力axial tensionaxial tensile force轴向拉力: axial tension|axial te ion 轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸: axial tension轴向拉力轴向张力: axialtensileforce承台cushion cap承台: bearing platform|cushioncap|pile caps 桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles低桩承台: low pile cap拱桥arch bridge拱桥: hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge 拱橋: Arch bridge|Puente en arco|Pont en arc 鸠拱桥: Khājū强度intensitystrength强度: intensity|Strength|Density刚强度: stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness 光强度: light intensity|intensity箍筋hooping箍筋: stirrup|reinforcement stirrup|hooping 箍筋柱: tied column|hooped column形箍筋: u stirrup u预应力元件预应力元件: prestressed element等效荷载equivalent load等效荷载: equivalent load等效荷载原理: principle of equivalent loads 等效负载等效荷载等值负载: equivalentload模型matrix model mould pattern承载能力极限状态承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态验证: verification of serviceability limit states弹性elasticityspringinessspringgiveflexibility弹性: elasticity|Flexibility|stretch 彈性: Elastic|Elasticidad|弾性弹性体: elastomer|elastic body|SPUA平截面假定plane cross-section assumption平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tension tensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值standard value标准值: standard value,|reference value作用标准值: characteristic value of an action 重力标准值: gravity standard设计值value of calculationdesign value设计值: design value|value|designed value 作用设计值: design value of an action荷载设计值: design value of a load可靠度confidence levelreliabilityfiduciary level可靠度: Reliability|degree of reliability 不可靠度: Unreliability高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征geometrical characteristic几何特征: geometrical characteristic配位几何特征: coordinated geometric feature 流域几何特征: basin geometric characteristics塑性plastic nature plasticity应力图stress diagram应力图: stress diagram|stress pattern 谷式应力图: Cremona's method机身应力图: fuselage stress diagram压应力crushing stress压应力: compressive stress|compression stress 抗压应力: compressive stress|pressure load内压应力: internal pressure stress配筋率ratio of reinforcement reinforcement ratioreinforcement percentage配筋率: reinforcement ratio平均配筋率: balanced steel ratio纵向配筋率: longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析finite element analysis有限元分析: FEA|finite element analysis (FEA)|ABAQUS 反有限元分析: inverse finite element analysis有限元分析软件: HKS ABAQUS|MSC/NASTRAN MSC/NASTRAN有限元法finite element method有限元法: FInite Element|finite element method 积有限元法: CVFEM线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制裂缝控制: crack control控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinforcement检查,核对,抑制,控制,试验,裂缝,支票,账单,牌号,名牌: check应力集中stress concentration应力集中: stress concentration应力集中点: hard spot|focal point of stress 应力集中器: stress concentrators主拉应力principal tensile stress主拉应力: principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动nonlinear oscillationsnonlinear vibration非线性振动: nonlinear vibration非线性振动理论: theory of non linear vibration 非线性随机振动: Nonlinear random vibration弯矩flexural momentment of flexion (moment of flexure) bending momentflexural torque弯矩: bending moment|flexural moment|kN-m 弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve 双弯矩: bimoment弯矩中心center of momentsmoment center弯矩中心: center of moments|momentcenter弯矩分配法moment distributionmomentdistribution弯矩分配法: hardy cross method|cross method弯矩图bending moment diagrammoment curvemoment diagram弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve 最终弯矩图: final bending moment diagram最大弯矩图: maximum bending moment diagram剪力shearing force剪力: shearing force|shear force|shear剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel 剪力钉: shear nails|SHEAR CONCRETE STUD弹性模量elasticity modulus young's modulus elastic modulus modulus of elasticity elastic ratio剪力图shear diagram剪力图: shear diagram|shearing force diagram剪力和弯矩图: Shear and Moment Diagrams绘制剪力和弯矩图的图解法: Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams剪力墙shear wall剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel 抗剪力墙: shearwall剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力轴力: shaft force|axial force螺栓轴力测试仪: Bolt shaft force tester 轴向力: axial force|normal force|beam框架结构frame construction等参单元等参数单元等参元: isoparametricelement板单元板单元: plate unit托板单元: pallet unit骨板骨单元: lamella/lamellaeosteon梁(surname) beam of roof bridge桥梁bridge曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学structural mechanics结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures 重结构力学: barodynamics船舶结构力学: Structual Mechamics for Ships弯曲刚度flexural rigiditybending rigidity弯曲刚度: bending stiffness|flexural rigidity 截面弯曲刚度: flexural rigidity of section弯曲刚度,抗弯劲度: bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构encased structures钢管混凝土结构: encased structures极限荷载ultimate load极限荷载: ultimate load极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design 设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL|design ultimate load极限荷载设计limit load designultimate load analysisultimate load design极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design 设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL|design ultimate load板壳力学mechanics of board shell板壳力学: Plate Mechanics板壳非线性力学: Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell本构模型本构模型: constitutive model体积本构模型: bulk constitutive equation 本构模型屈服面: yield surface主钢筋main reinforcing steelmain reinforcement主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋混凝土的主钢筋: mainbar悬臂梁socle beam悬臂梁: cantilever beam|cantilever|outrigger 悬臂梁长: length of cantilever双悬臂梁: TDCB悬链线catenary悬链线: Catenary,|catenary wire|chainette 伪悬链线: pseudocatenary悬链线长: catenary length加劲肋ribbed stiffener加劲肋: stiffening rib|stiffener|ribbed stiffener 短加劲肋: short stiffener支承加劲肋: bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文水文: Hydrology水文学: hydrology|hydroaraphy|すいもんがく水文图: hydrograph|hydrological maps招标invite public bidding投标(v) submit a bid bid for连续梁through beam连续梁: continuous beam|through beam多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports 悬臂连续梁: gerber beam加劲梁stiff girder加劲梁: stiffening girder|buttress brace 加劲梁节点: stiff girder connection支撑刚性梁,加劲梁,横撑: buttress brace水文学hydrology水文学: hydrology|hydroaraphy|すいもんがく水文學: Hydrologie|水文学|??? ??????古水文学: paleohydrology桥梁抗震桥梁抗震加固: bridge aseismatic strengthening抗风wind resistance抗风: Withstand Wind|Wtstan Wn|wind resistance 抗风锚: weather anchor抗风性: wind resistance基础的basal桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁控制测量: bridge construction control survey桥梁施工桥梁施工控制综合程序系统: FWD桥梁最佳施工指南: Bridge Best Practice Guidelines桥梁工程施工技术咨询: Bridge Construction Engineering Service总体设计overall designintegrated design总体设计: Global|overall design|general arrangement 总体设计概念: totaldesignconcept工厂总体设计图: general layout scheme初步设计predesign preliminary plan技术设计technical design技术设计: technical design|technical project 技术设计员: Technical Designer|technician技术设计图: technical drawing施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计: construction documents design施工图设计阶段: construction documents design phase基本建设项目施工图设计: design of working drawing of a capital construction project桥台abutment bridge abutment基础foundation basebasis结构形式structural style结构形式: Type of construction|form of structure 表结构形式: list structure form屋顶结构形式: roof form地震earthquake地震活动earthquake activityseismic activityseismic motionseismicity地震活动: Seismic activity|seismic motion 地震活动性: seismicity|seismic地震活动图: seismicity map支撑体系支撑体系: bracing system|support system 物流企业安全平台支撑体系: SSOSP公路桥涵公路施工手册-桥涵: Optimization of Road Traffic Organization-Abstract引道approach roadramp wayapproach引道: approach|approach road引道坡: approach ramp|a roachramp 引道版: Approach slab装配式装配式桥: fabricated bridge|precast bridge 装配式房屋: Prefabricated buildings装配式钢体: fabricated steel body耐久性wear耐久性: durability|permanence|endurance不耐久性: fugitiveness耐久性试验: endurance test|life test|durability test持久状况持久状况: persistent situation 短暂状况短暂状况: transient situation 偶然状况偶然状况: accidental situation永久作用永久作用: permanent action永久作用标准值: characteristic value of permanent action可变作用可变作用: variable action可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action 可变光阑作用: iris action偶然作用偶然作用: accidental action偶然同化(作用): accidental assimilation作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects作用代表值作用代表值: representative value of an action作用标准值作用标准值: characteristic value of an action地震作用标准值: characteristic value of earthquake action 可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action作用频遇值作用频遇值 Frequent value of an action安全等级safe class安全等级: safety class|Security Level|safeclass 生物安全等级: Biosafety Level生物安全等級: Biosafety Level作用actionactivity actionsactseffectto play a role设计基准期design reference period设计基准期: design reference period作用准永久值作用准永久值: quasi-permanentvalueofanaction作用效应作用效应: effects of actions|effect of an action 互作用效应: interaction effect质量作用效应: mass action effect作用效应设计值作用效应设计值 Design value of an action effect分项系数分项系数: partial safety factor|partial factor作用分项系数: partial safety factor for action抗力分项系数: partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合作用效应组合: combination for action effects作用效应基本组合: fundamental combination for action effects 作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects结构重要性系数结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似,主要区别在于:单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵,大于这个标准的为桥梁公路等级公路等级: highway classification标准:公路等级代码: Code for highway classification标准:公路路面等级与面层类型代码: Code for classification and type of highway pavement顺流fair current设计洪水频率设计洪水频率: designed flood frequency水力water powerwater conservancyirrigation works水力: hydraulic power|water power|water stress水力学: Hydraulics|hydromechanics|fluid mechanics 水力的: hydraulic|hydrodynamic|hyd河槽river channel河槽: stream channel|river channel|gutter 古河槽: old channel河槽线: channel axis河岸riversidestrand河岸: bank|riverside|river bank 河岸林: riparian forest河岸权: riparian right河岸侵蚀stream bank erosion河岸侵蚀: bank erosion|stream bank erosion 河岸侵蚀河岸侵食: bank erosion河岸侵蚀, 堤岸冲刷: bank erosion高架桥桥墩高架桥桥墩: viaduct pier桥梁净空高潮时桥梁净空高度: bridge clearance行车道lane行车道: carriageway|traffic lane|Through Lane 快行车道: fast lane西行车道: westbound carriageway一级公路A roadarterial roadarterial highway一级公路: A road arterial road arterial highway 一级公路网: primaryhighwaysystem二级公路b roadsecondary road二级公路: B road, secondary road涵洞culvert涵洞: culvert梁涵洞: Beam Culverts 木涵洞: timber culvert河床riverbedrunway河床: river bed|bed|stream bed冰河床: glacier bed型河床: oxbow|horseshoe bend|meander loop河滩flood plainriver beach河滩: river shoal|beach|river flat 河滩地: flood land|overflow land 河滩区: riffle area高级公路high-type highway高级公路: high-typehighway高架桥trestleviaduct高架桥: viaduct|overhead viaduct 高架橋: Viadukt|Viaducto|高架橋高架桥面: elevated deck洪水流量volume of floodflood dischargeflooddischarge洪水流量: flood discharge|flood flow|peak discharge 洪水流量预报: flooddischargeforecast平均年洪水流量: average annual flood设计速度design speed设计速度: design speed|designed speed|design rate设计速度,构造速度: desin speed|desin speed <haha最大阵风强度的设计速度: VB Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intension跨度span紧急停车emergency shutdown (cut-off)emergency cut-off紧急停车: abort|panic stop|emergency stop 紧急停车带: lay-by|emergency parking strip 紧急停车阀: emergency stop valve减速gear downretardment speed-down deceleration slowdown车道traffic lane路缘带side tripmarginal stripmargin verge路缘带: marginal strip|side strip|margin verge路肩shoulder of earth body路肩: shoulder|verge|shoulder of road 硬路肩: hard shoulder|hardened verge 软路肩: Soft Shoulder最小值minimum value最小值: minimum|Min|least value 求最小值: minimization找出最小值: min最大值max.最大值原理principle of the maximummaximum principlemaximal principle最大值原理: maximum principle,|maximal principle 离散最大值原理: discrete maximum principle极大值原理,最大值原理: maximum principle车道宽度车道宽度: lane-width自行车道cycle-track自行车道: bicycle path|cycle path|cycle track旗津环岛海景观光自行车道: Cijin Oceanview Bike Path 自行车道专供自行车行驶的车道。
专业英语翻译
1. Civil engineering,the oldest of the engineering specialties,is the planning,design,construction, and management of the built environment.This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles,from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程,最老的工程专业,是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和管理。
这个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有根据科学原理建造的结构物。
2. Civil engineers build roads,bridges,tunnels,dams,harbors,power plants,water and sewage systems,hospitals,schools,mass transit,and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations.土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统,医院、学校、公共交通系统,以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地方所必需的其他公共设施。
3. Computers are a necessity for the modern civil engineer because they permit the engineer to efficiently handle the large quantities of data needed in determining the best way to construct a project.计算机对于现代土木工程师而言是必不可少的,因为它们可使工程师高效地处理大量数据,这些数据是在确定最优施工方案时所需要的。
桥梁工程英语词汇
单墩: single pier 单墩尾水管: single-pier draught tube 单墩肘形尾水管: one-pier elbow draught tube
arch bridge 拱桥: hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge 拱桥: Arch bridge|Puente en arco|Pont en arc 鸠拱桥: Khājū
intensity strength 强度: intensity|Strength|Density 刚强度: stiffness|stiffne|westbank 光强度: light intensity|intensity
suspension bridge 悬索桥: suspension bridge|su e io ridge 悬索桥: Suspension bridge|Puente colgante 加劲悬索桥: stiffenedsuspensionbridge
prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete|prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam 预应力混凝土管: prestressed concrete pipe
裂缝 跨越 刚构桥 刚度比 等截面粱 桥梁工程 悬索桥 预应力混凝土
crack crevice
出国公路桥梁工程必学英语词汇
公路工程英语词汇第1页,共13页abrasiveness磨耗度absolute datum绝对基面abutment桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load偶然荷载accommodation lane专用车道acoustic barrier隔音墙acting circles of blasting爆破作用圈additional stake加桩adjacent curve in one direction同向曲线admixture外加剂adverse grade for safety反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophoto base航摄基线aerophoto interpretation航摄像片判读ageing老化aggregate集料(骨料)air hardening气硬性alignment design(城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element线形要素alligator cracking路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line比较线anchored bulkhead abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic年平均日交通量anti-creep heap(厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap(厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span引桥aquitard隔水层arch bridge拱桥arch culvert拱涵arch ring拱圈arterial highway干线公路arterial road(厂内)主干道,(城市)主干路asphalt distributor沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt paver沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen地沥青at-grade intersection平面交叉auxiliary lane附加车道average consistency(of soil)(土的)平均稠度average gradient平均纵坡azimuth angle方位角balance weight retaining wall衡重式挡土墙base course基层base line基线basic traffic capacity基本通行能力beam bridge梁桥beam level deflectometer杠杆弯沉仪bearing支座bearing angle象限角bearing pile支承桩bearing platform承台bed course垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade台口式路基bending strength抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪)bent cap盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course联结层公路工程英语词汇第2页,共13页bitumell沥青bitumen extractor(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio油石比bituminous concrete mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous macadam mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture沥青混合料bituminous pavement沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment(沥青)表面处治blasting crater爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock松动爆破blasting for throwing rock抛掷爆破blasting procedure土石方爆破bleeding泛油blind ditch盲沟blind drain盲沟block pavement块为路面block stone块石blow up拱胀boring钻探boring log(道路)地质柱状图boring machine钻孔机borrow earth借土borrow pit取土坑boundary frame on crossing道口限界架boundary frame on road道路限界架boundary line of road construction道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge系杆拱桥box culvert箱涵branch pipe of inlet雨水口支管branch road(城市)支路,(厂内)支道bridge桥梁bridge decking桥面系bridge deck pavement桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment架桥机bridge on slope坡桥bridge site桥位bridge road驮道broken chainage断链broken stone碎石broken back curve断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交(车辆)停靠站bypass公交绕行公路cable bent tower索塔cable saddle索鞍cable stayed bridge斜拉桥(斜张桥)cableway erecting equipment缆索吊装设备california bearing ratio(CBR)加州承载比(CBR) california bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection交叉口通行能力capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water毛细水carriage way车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement水泥混凝土路面center-island中心岛center lane中间车道公路工程英语词汇第3页,共13页center line of road道路中线center line survey中线测量center stake中桩central reserve分隔带channelization渠化交通channelization island导流岛channelized intersection分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve圆曲线circular road环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric土工织物classified highway等级公路classified road等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance净空clearance above bridge floor桥面净空clearance of span桥下净空climatic zoning for highway公路自然区划climbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar煤沥青cobble stone卵石coefficient of scouring冲刷系数cohesive soil粘性土cold laid method冷铺法cold mixing method冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system混合式道路系统compaction压实compaction test击实试验compaction test apparatus击实仪compactness test压实度试验composite beam bridge联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve复曲线concave vertical curve凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner(水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer(水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw(水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test触探试验conflict point冲突点conical slope锥坡consistency limit(of soil)(土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil加固地基consolidation固结construction by swing转体架桥法construction height of bridge桥梁建筑高度construction joint施工缝construction load施工荷载construction survey施工测量continuous beam bridge连续梁桥contour line等高线contraction joint缩缝control point路线控制点converging合流convex vertical curve凸形竖曲线corduroy road木排道counterfort retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road县公路(县道),乡道creep徐变critical speed临界速度公路工程英语词汇第4页,共13页cross roads十字形交叉cross slope横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile横断面图cross-sectional survey横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone碎石crushing strength压碎值culture地物culvert涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip路侧带curve length曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line(路口)截角cut-fill transition土方调配cut-fill transition program土方调配图cutting路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane减速车道deck bridge上承式桥deflection test弯沉试验degree of compaction压实度delay延误density of road network道路(网)密度depth of tunnel隧道埋深design elevation of subgrade路基设计高程design frequency(排水)设计重现期design hourly volume设计小时交通量design of elevation(城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment纵断面设计design speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity设计通行能力design vehicle设计车辆design water level设计水位designed elevation设计高程designed flood frequency设计洪水频率dislicking treatment防滑处理Deval abrasion testing machine狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange菱形立体交叉differential photo微分法测图directional interchange方向式立体交叉diverging分流dowel bar传力杆drain opening泄水口drainage by pumping station(立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch排水沟dressed stone料石drop water跌水dry concrete干硬性混凝土ductility(of bitumen)(沥青)延度ductilometer(沥青)延度仪dummy joint假缝dynamic consolidation强夯法economic speed经济车速economical hauling distance土方调配经济运距element support构件支撑elevation高程(标高)embankment路堤emergency parking strip紧急停车带emulsified bitumen乳化沥青erecting by floating浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion悬臂拼装法公路工程英语词汇第5页,共13页erection with cableway缆索吊装法evaporation pond蒸发池expansion bearing活动支座expansive soil膨胀土expantion joint胀缝expressway(城市)快速路external distance外(矢)距fabricated bridge装配式桥fabricated steel bridge装拆式钢桥factories and mines road厂矿道路factory external transportation line对外道路factory-in road厂内道路factory-out road厂外道路fast lane内侧车道faulting of slab ends错台feeder highway支线公路ferry渡口fibrous concrete纤维混凝土field of vision视野fill填__________方filled spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥final survey竣工测量fineness细度fineness modulus细度模数fixed bearing固定支座flare wing wall abutment八字形桥台flared intersection拓宽路口式交叉口flash point闪点flash point tester(open cup method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flexible pavement柔性路面flexibie pier柔性墩floor system桥面系flush curb平缘石foot way人道道ford过水路面forest highway林区公路forest road林区道路foundation基础free style road system自由式道路系统free way高速公路free-flow speed自由车速freeze road冻板道路freezing and thawing test冻融试验frost boiling翻浆frozen soil冻土full depth asphalt pavement全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting功能栽植general scour under bridge opening桥下一般冲刷geological section(道路)地质剖面图geotextile土工织物gradation级配gradation of stone(路用)石料等级grade change point变坡点grade compensation纵坡折减grade crossing平面交叉grade length limitation坡长限制grade of side slope边坡坡度grade separation简单立体交叉grade-separated junction立体交叉graded aggregate pavement级配路面grader平地机grain composition颗粒组成granular material粒料gravel砾石gravity pier(abutment)重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙green belt绿化带gridiron road system棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey地面控制点测量公路工程英语词汇第6页,共13页ground elevation地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry地面立体摄影测量guard post标柱guard rail护栏guard wall护墙gully雨水口gutter街沟(偏沟)gutter apron平石gutter drainage渠道排水half-through bridge中承式桥hard shoulder硬路肩hardening硬化hardness硬度haul road运材道路heavy maintenance大修hectometer stake百米桩hedge绿篱height of cut and fill at center stake中桩填挖高度high strength bolt高强螺栓high type pavement高级路面highway公路highway landscape design公路景观设计hill-side line山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain重丘区horizontal alignment平面线形horizontal curve平曲线hot laid method热铺法hot mixing method热拌法hot stability(of bitumen)(沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation水力计算hydraulicity水硬性imaginary intersection point虚交点immersed tunnelling method沉埋法inbound traffic入境交通incremental launching method顶推法industrial district road工业区道路industrial solid waste(路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course工业废渣基层inlet雨水口inlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert无压力式涵洞inorganic binder无机结合料instrument station测站intensity of rainstorm暴雨强度intercepting ditch截水沟interchange互通式立体交叉interchange with special bicycle track分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance中修intermediate type pavement中级路面intersection(平面)交叉口intersection angle交叉角,转角intersection entrance交叉口进口intersection exit交叉口出口intersection plan交叉口平面图intersection point交点intersection with widened corners加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method顶入法kilometer stone里程碑land slide坍方lane车道lane-width车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve(平曲线)横净距lay-by紧急停车带level of service道路服务水平leveling course整平层leveling survey水准测量light-weight concrete轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road道路照明设施公路工程英语词汇第7页,共13页lime pile石灰桩line development展线linking-up road联络线、连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen液体沥青liquid limit液限living fence绿篱load荷载loading berm反压护道loading combinations荷载组合loading plate承载板loading plate test承载板试验local scour near pier桥墩局部冲刷local traffic境内交通location of line定线location survey定测lock bolt support with shotcrete喷锚支护loess黄土longitudinal beam纵梁longitudinal gradient纵坡longitudinal joint纵缝loop ramp环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testing machine洛杉面磨耗试验机(搁板式磨耗试验机)low type pavement低级路面main beam主梁main bridge主桥maintenance养护maintenance period大中修周期manhole检查井marginal strip路缘带Marshall stability apparatus马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test马歇尔试验masonry bridge圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight(标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient最大纵坡mine tunnelling method矿山法mineral aggregate矿料mineral powder矿粉mini-roundabout微形环交minimum height of fill(路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic混合交通mixing method拌和法mixture混合料model split交通方式划分modulus of elasticity弹性模量modulus of resilience回弹模量modulus ratio模量比monthly average daily traffic月平均日交通量motor way高速公路mountainous terrain山岭区movable bridge开启桥mud淤泥multiple-leg intersection多岔交叉national trunk highway国家干线公路(国道) natural asphalt天然沥青natural scour自然演变冲刷natural subsoil天然地基navigable water level通航水位nearside lane外侧车道net-shaped cracking路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method新奥法observation point测点one-way ramp单向匝道open cut method明挖法open cut tunnel明洞open spandrel arch bridge空腹拱桥公路工程英语词汇第8页,共13页opencast mine road露天矿山道路operating speed运行速度optimum gradation最佳级配optimum moisture content最佳含水量optimum speed临界速度organic binder有机结合料origin-destination study起迄点调查outbound traffic出境交通outled submerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road城市出入干道overall speed区间速度overlay of pavement罩面overpass grade separation上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane超车车道overtaking sight distance超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test含蜡量试验parent soil原状土parking lane停车车道parking lot停车场parking station公交(车辆)停靠站part-cut part-fill subgrade半填半挖式路基pass垭口passing bay错车道patrol maintenance巡回养护paved crossing道口铺面pavement路面pavement depression路面沉陷pavement recapping路面翻修pavement slab pumping路面板唧泥pavement spalling路面碎裂pavement strengthening路面补强pavement structure layer路面结构层pavemill路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing人行天桥pedestrian underpass人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips上拌下贯式(沥青)路面penetration method贯入法penetration test apparatus长杆贯入仪penetration(of bitumen)(沥青)针入度penetrometer(沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance定期养护permafrost多年冻土permanent load永久荷载perviousness test透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen石油沥青photo index像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo mosaic像片镶嵌图photogrammetry摄影测量photographic map影像地图pier桥墩pile and plank retaining wall柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier排架桩墩pile driver打桩机pipe culvert管涵pipe drainage管道排水pit test坑探pitching method铺砌法plain stage of slope边坡平台plain terrain平原区plan view(路线)平面图plane design(城市道路)平面设计plane sketch(道路)平面示意图planimetric photo综合法测图plant mixing method厂拌法plastic limit塑限plasticity index塑性指数poisson's ratio泊松比公路工程英语词汇第9页,共13页polished stone value石料磨光值pontoon bridge浮桥porosity空隙率portable pendulum tester摆式仪possible traffic capacity可能通行能力post-tensioning method后张法pot holes路面坑槽preliminary survey初测preloading method预压法prestressed concrete预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed steel bar drawing jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method先张法prime coat透层productive arterial road生产干线productive branch road生产支线pro纵断面设计profilometer路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road护林防火道路provincial trunk highway省干线公路(省道) railroad grade crossing(铁路)道口ramp匝道rebound deflection回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement再生沥青路面reconnaissance踏勘red clay红粘土reference stake护桩reflection crack反射裂缝refuge island安全岛regulating structure调治构造物reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content(of soil)(土的)相对含水量relief road辅道residential street居住区道路resultant gradient合成坡度retaining wall挡土墙revelling of pavement路面松散reverse curve反向曲线reverse loop回头曲线ridge crossing line越岭线ridge line山脊线right bridge正交桥right bridge正桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥rigid pavement刚性路面rigid-type base刚性基层ring and radial road system环形辐射式道路系统ripper松土机riprap抛石road道路road alignment道路线形road appearance路容road area per citizen(城市)人均道路面积road area ratio(城市)道路面积率road axis道路轴线road bed路床road bitumen路用沥青road condition路况road condition survey路况调查road crossing(平面)交叉口road crossing design交叉口设计road engineering道路工程road feasibility study(道路工程)可行性研究road improvement改善工程公路工程英语词汇第10页,共13页road intersection道路交叉(路线交叉) road mixing method路拌法road network道路网road network planning道路网规划road planting道路绿化road project(道路工程)方案图road trough路槽road way路幅rock breaker凿岩机rock filled gabion石笼roller压路机rolled cement concrete碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain微丘区rotary interchange环形立体交叉rotary intersection环形交叉roundabout环形交叉route development展线route of road道路路线route selection选线routine maintenance小修保养rubble片石running speed行驶速度rural road郊区道路saddle back垭口safety belt安全带safety fence防护栅salty soil盐渍土sand砂sand drain(sand pile)砂井sand gravel砂砾sand hazard沙害sand mat of subgrade排水砂垫层sand patch test铺砂试验sand pile砂桩sand protection facilities防沙设施sand ratio砂率sand sweeping回砂sand sweeping equipment回砂机sandy soil砂性土saturated soil饱和土scraper铲运机seal coat封层secondary trunk road(厂内)次干道,(城市)次干路seepage well渗水井segregation离析semi-rigid type base半刚性基层separate facilities分隔设施separator分隔带sheep-foot roll羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt护路林shield盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method盾构法shoulder路肩shrinkage limit缩限side ditch边沟side slope边坡side walk人行道sieve analysis筛分sight distance视距sight distance of intersection路口视距sight line视线sight triangle视距三角形silty soil粉性土simple supported beam bridge简支梁桥single direction thirsted pier单向推力墩single-size aggregat同粒径集料siphon culvert倒虹涵skew bridge斜交桥skew bridge斜桥skid road集材道路公路工程英语词汇第11页,共13页slab bridge板桥slab culvert盖板涵slab staggering错位slide滑坡slope protection护坡slump坍落度snow hazard雪害snow plough除雪机snow protection facilities防雪设施soft ground软弱地基soft soil软土softening point tester(ring ball method)(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法)softening point(of bitumen)(沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen)(沥青)溶解度space headway车头间距space mean speed空间平均速度span跨径span by span method移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch腹拱spandrel structure拱上结构special vehicle特种车辆speed-change lane变速车道splitting test劈裂试验spot speed点速度spreading in layers层铺法springing弹簧现象stabilizer稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course稳定土基层stage for heaping soil and broken rock碎落台staggered junction错位交叉standard axial loading标准轴截steel bar heading press machine钢筋冷墩机steel bridge钢桥steel extention machine钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus劲度stone coating test石料裹覆试验stone crusher碎石机stone spreader碎石撒布机stopping sight distance停车视距stopping truck heap(厂矿道路)阻车堤street街道street drainage街道排水street planting街道绿化street trees行道树strengthening layer补强层strengthening of structure加固stringer纵梁striping test for aggregate集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement次高级路面subgrade路基subgrade drainage路基排水submersible bridge漫水桥subsidence沉陷subsoil地基substucture下部结构superelevation超高superelevation runoff超高缓和段superstructure上部结构supported type abutment支撑式桥台surface course面层surface evenness路面平整度surface frost heave路面冻胀surface permeameter路面透水度测定仪surface roughness路面粗糙度surface slipperinness路面滑溜surface water地表水surface-curvature apparatus路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock围岩公路工程英语词汇第12页,共13页suspension bridge悬索桥switch-back curve回头曲线T intersection丁字形交叉(T形交叉)T-shaped rigid frame bridge〓T形刚构桥tack coat粘层tangent length切线长tar焦油沥青technical standard of road道路技术标准Telford锥形块石Telford base(锥形)块石基层terrace台地thermal insulation berm保温护道thermal insulation course隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年第30位最大小时交通量through bridge下承式桥through traffic过境交通tie bar拉杆timber bridge木桥time headway车头时距time mean speed时间平均速度toe of slope(边)坡脚tongue and groove joint企口缝top of slope(边)坡顶topographic feature地貌topographic map地形图topographic survey地形测量topography地形township road乡公路(乡道) traffic assignment交通量分配traffic capacity通行能力traffic composition交通组成traffic density交通密度traffic distribution交通分布traffic flow交通流traffic generation交通发生traffic island交通岛traffic mirror道路反光镜traffic planning道路交通规划traffic safety device交通安全设施traffic square交通广场traffic stream车流traffic survey交通调查traffic volume交通量traffic volume observation station交通量观测站traffic volume prognosis交通量预测traffic volume survey交通量调查transition curve缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head桥头搭板transition zone of cross section断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening加宽缓和段transitional gradient缓和坡段transverse beam横梁transverse joint横缝traverse导线traverse survey导线测量trencher挖沟机triaxial test三轴试验trip出行true joint真缝trumpet interchange喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway干线公路truss bridge桁架桥tunnel(道路)隧道tunnel boring machine隧道掘进机tunnel lining衬砌tunnel portal洞门tunnel support隧道支撑turnaround loop回车道,回车场turning point转点公路工程英语词汇第13页,共13页two-way curved arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way ramp双向匝道type of dry and damp soil base土基干湿类型U-shaped abutment〓U形桥台under-ground pipes comprehensive design管线综合设计underground water地下水underground water level地下水位underpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉universal photo全能法测图urban road城市道路valley line沿溪线variable load可变荷载vehicle stream车流vehicular gap车(辆)间净距verge路肩vertical alignment纵面线形vertical curb立缘石(侧石)vertical curve竖曲线vertical pro(路线)纵断面图viameter路面平整度测定仪vibratory roller振动压路机viscosimeter(沥青)粘度仪viscosity(of bitumen)(沥青)粘(滞)度void ratio孔隙比washout水毁waste弃土waste bank弃土堆water cement ratio水灰比water content含水量water level水位water reducing agent减水剂water stability水稳性water-bound macadam水结碎石路面wearing course磨耗层weaving交织weaving point交织点weaving section交织路段wheel tracking test车辙试验width of subgrade路基宽度workability和易性Y intersection〓Y形交叉___。
建筑学专业英语翻译
建筑学专业英语翻译概述:本文档提供了建筑学专业中常用的英语术语的翻译,以帮助学生在研究和研究过程中更好地理解相关内容。
内容:1. 基础概念:- 建筑学 - architecture- 结构 - structure- 设计 - design- 施工 - construction- 建筑材料 - building materials2. 建筑元素:- 地基 - foundation- 地板 - floor- 墙体 - wall- 窗户 - window- 门 - door- 屋顶 - roof- 楼梯 - stairs3. 常用房间:- 卧室 - bedroom- 客厅 - living room- 厨房 - kitchen- 浴室 - bathroom- 书房 - study room- 阳台 - balcony4. 建筑样式:- 古典建筑 - classical architecture - 现代建筑 - modern architecture - 摩天大楼 - skyscraper- 山墙建筑 - vernacular architecture5. 建筑工程管理:- 施工图 - construction drawings- 预算 - budget- 进度管理 - schedule management- 资源分配 - resource allocation- 质量控制 - quality control6. 建筑法规:- 建筑许可证 - building permit- 建筑规划 - building regulations- 环评 - environmental impact assessment7. 建筑项目类型:- 住宅 - residential- 教育 - educational- 医疗 - healthcare- 文化 - cultural- 娱乐 - entertainment结论:本文档提供了建筑学专业英语翻译的参考,有助于学生更好地理解和应用相关术语。
桥梁专业术语英文
桥梁专业术语英文Bridges are an essential part of modern infrastructure, connecting communities and facilitating transportation. As such, the field of bridge engineering has developed a rich and specialized vocabulary to describe the various components, processes, and techniques involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of these structures. In this essay, we will delve into the world of bridge engineering terminology, exploring some of the key terms and their significance.First, it is crucial to understand the different types of bridges. One of the most common classifications is based on the structural support system. Beam bridges, such as simple span and continuous span bridges, employ horizontal beams or girders to support the deck. Truss bridges, on the other hand, utilize a framework of interconnected members arranged in a triangular pattern, providing both strength and economic efficiency. Arch bridges, as the name implies, rely on the curved shape of the arch to transfer loads to the abutments or piers. Suspension bridges, often seen in longer spans, employ cables suspended from towers to support the deck, while cable-stayed bridges use diagonal cables anchored to towers or pylons.The superstructure of a bridge refers to the components directly supporting the traffic load, such as the deck, girders, and trusses. The substructure, conversely, encompasses the foundations, abutments, and piers that transfer the loads from the superstructure to the ground. Abutments are the reinforced concrete or masonry structures at either end of the bridge, providing support and anchoring the superstructure. Piers, on the other hand, are intermediate supports placed along the span, particularly in multi-span bridges.Bridge engineering also involves various load considerations. Live loads refer to the temporary, moving loads like vehicles and pedestrians, while dead loads are the permanent, static loads from the bridge's own weight. Consideration must also be given to environmental loads, such as wind, seismic activity, and temperature changes, which can exert significant forces on the structure.The design and analysis of bridges heavily rely on structural analysis techniques, such as finite element analysis and load rating calculations. These methods help engineers predict the behavior of the bridge under different loading conditions and ensure structural integrity and safety.Bridge construction involves a multitude of specialized techniquesand equipment. Falsework, temporary structures used to support the formwork and reinforcement during construction, is a critical component. Launching gantries, specialized pieces of equipment that move along the bridge span as it is being constructed, are often employed in the construction of segmental bridges.Lastly, bridge engineering places a strong emphasis on maintenance and rehabilitation. Inspection and evaluation procedures are crucial for identifying potential issues, such as concrete deterioration, steel corrosion, or structural deficiencies. Repair techniques, like carbon fiber reinforcement or post-tensioning, aim to extend the service life of bridges and ensure their continued safe operation.In conclusion, the field of bridge engineering is rich with specialized terminology, reflecting the complex nature of these structures and the various considerations involved in their design, construction, and maintenance. Understanding this vocabulary is essential for effective communication and collaboration among engineers, contractors, and other stakeholders, ultimately contributing to the creation of safe, efficient, and resilient bridges that serve our communities for generations to come.。
道路桥梁工程技术英语
道路桥梁工程技术英语Road and bridge engineering is a fascinating field that requires a blend of technical know-how and innovative thinking. You know, it's not just about building roads and bridges, it's about creating connections that bring people and places together.When it comes to road design, we have to consider so many factors the terrain, the weather, even the traffic flow. And with bridges, the challenge is even greater. We have to make sure they can withstand the weight of vehicles, but also the force of nature like strong winds and currents.One of the coolest things about this job is the use of advanced technology. We've got drones flying overhead, scanning the ground for any potential obstacles. And software simulations help us predict how our designs will perform in real-world conditions.Did you know that bridges can be so much more than justa way to cross a river? They can be works of art, too! Some bridges are designed with beautiful architecture, making them landmarks in their own right.Safety is always a top priority in road and bridge engineering. We have to make sure our designs are sturdy and reliable, so that people can travel safely. Regular inspections and maintenance are key to keeping things running smoothly.But it's not just about the technical stuff. Communication is a big part of this job, too. We have to work closely with other professionals like.。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分:1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics精品文库43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number精品文库85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分:岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量精品文库11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会精品文库四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透(流)7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力(压力)14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层(土)21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管精品文库29.dike=dyke 堤(防)30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大(中、最小)主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖(挖方)2 dewatering (基坑)降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave (基坑)底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统(轻型)10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井(箱)3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井;桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台(桩帽)9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数(η)22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头)29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) (振动)打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔-库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯-张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔-库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free(resonance)vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握第一部分:1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics精品文库41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical精品文库83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分:岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基精品文库9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度精品文库45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透(流)7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力(压力)14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层(土)21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降精品文库27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤(防)30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大(中、最小)主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖(挖方)2 dewatering (基坑)降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave (基坑)底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统(轻型)10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井(箱)3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井;桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台(桩帽)9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数(η)22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端(头)29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) (振动)打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔-库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯-张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔-库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theo ry 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构-基础-地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free(resonance)vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。
公路桥梁专业词汇英语翻译
桥梁bridge公路干道highway工程工程学engineering公路工程highway engineering路基roadbase路面pavement构造物建造构成制造construct施工(名)construction试验室laboratory现场检测field test(名)试验检验(不)进行试验experiment 试验检测测量test质量上流社会的quality合格,取得资格qualify材料material沥青柏油以沥青铺(一般指沥青路)asphalt 沥青(指原材料)bitumen沥青的bituminous沥青混合料bituminous mixture混凝土concrete钢筋混凝土RC (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款credit进度快慢tempo计划plan评定evaluation检查(名)检验inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的standard技术性的工业的technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的technic水泥cement碎石路碎石路macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层gravel钢筋reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel石石头石场石的石制的stone检查员inspector测量(名)measuring测量(及)检测(及)勘测测绘(名)survey 设备仪器装置device申请application铺路工人paver经理manager加强reinforce(被加强的reinforced )sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。
拍照拍照lime 石灰petrol 汽油diesel-oil 柴油planer 计划者planed 有计划的根据计划的pile 柱桩把桩打入用桩支撑weld 焊接焊牢焊接点welder 焊接者焊工laborer 劳动者劳工辅助工manpower 人力劳动力人力资源雇佣使用利用employ职业租用受雇employment项目条款item关税税款税impostresign 放弃辞去辞职document 公文文件证件time limit from project 工期weighbridge 地磅台秤transbit 经纬仪mention 提到说起表扬career 职业经历skill 技术技能trade 行业商业owe 欠债organization 组织机构团体traffic 交通交往通行交易买卖spend 预算花钱浪费interest 股息股份兴趣cost 费用成本花费wage 薪水报酬earning 工资收入利润cash 现金现款把...兑现tax 税负担向...纳税deficit 赤字不足额业主owner(北美用)、employer(英语国用)发展商(房屋等业主)client 或developer承包商contractor总承包商prime contractor或general contractor 分承包商nominated contractor专业承包商specialist contractor咨询公司consulting firm 或consultants咨询工程师consulting engineer建筑师architect建筑工程经理constraction manager项目经理program manager材料供应商supplier建筑经济学contraction economics亚洲开发银行asian development bank世界银行集团world bank group学会institute协会association组织结构organizational styucture基础设施infrastructure环境environment质量管理体系qulity management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标quality objective职能,函数,职务function计量的metrological鉴定qualification评审review效率efficiency验证verification顾客,消费者customer过程process产品product项目,预计的,计划的project程序procedure特性characteristic记录record检验inspection文件document信息information能力capabitily 满意satisfaction投标邀请书invitation for bids公开招标unlimited competitive open biding 投标者须知instruction to bidders银行保函bank guarantee担保公司security company支付保函payment guarantee资质说明statement of qualification单位成本cost per unit成本计划cost plan成本价price cost业主要求client´s requirements投标书tender 或bid 或proposal 合同条件condition of contract合同协议书agreement图纸drawings工程量表bill of quantities投标保证bid security保价offer开标tender 或bid评标bid evaluation施工项目work items总价合同lump sum contract专题报告subjective report审核audit 审核员auditor测量控制measurement control测量设备measureing equipment技术专家technical expert习惯,惯例custom选择selection确定,决定definition合格conformity不合格nonconformity缺陷defect预防措施preventive action纠正措施corrective action返工rework降级regrade返修repair报废serap让步concession放行release。
土木工程专业常用英语词汇
土木工程专业常用英语词汇第一节普通术语3. 房屋建造工程building engineering4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建造外,为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建造物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所举行的勘察、计划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 马路工程highway engineering10. 建造物(构筑物)construction works房屋建造或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
11. 结构structure12. 基础foundation13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground14. 木结构timber structure16. 钢结构steel structure17. 混凝土(砼)结构concrete structure18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure22. 马路highway24. 高速马路freeway27. 铁路(铁道)railway; railroad28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1. 桥bridge2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge3. 延续梁桥continuous girder bridge5. 斜拉(斜张)桥cable stayed bridge6. 悬索(吊)桥suspension bridge7. 桁架桥trussed bridge9.刚构(刚架)桥rigid frame bridge10.拱桥arch bridge13.正交桥right bridge14.斜交桥skew bridge16.高架桥viaduct17.正(主)桥main span18.引桥approach span19.弯桥curved bridge21.马路铁路两用桥combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge 25.桥跨结构(上部结构)bridge superstructure26.桥面系bridge floor system27.桥支座bridge bearing; bridge support28.桥下部结构bridge substructure29.索塔(桥塔)bridge tower30.桥台abutment31.桥墩pier32.涵洞culvert第六节结构构件和部件术语1.构件member2.部件component; assembly parts3.截面section4.梁beam; girder5.拱arch6.板slab; plate8.柱column10.桁架truss11.框架frame12.排架bent frame13.刚架(刚构)rigid frame14.简支梁simply supported beam15.悬臂梁cantilever beam16.两端固定梁beam fixed at both ends17.延续梁continuous beam19.桩pile20.板桩sheet pile34. 钢轨rail第七节地基和基础术语1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation2. 刚性基础rigid foundation3. 自立基础single footing4. 联合基础combined footing5. 条形基础strip foundation6. 壳体基础shell foundation7. 箱形基础box foundation8. 筏形基础raft foundation9. 桩基础pile foundation10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation1. 可靠性reliability2. 安全性safety3. 适用性serviceability4. 耐久性durability5. 基本变量basic variable6. 设计基准期design reference period7. 可靠概率probability of survival8. 失效概率probability of failure9. 可靠指标reliability index12. 概率设计法probabilistic method13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method15. 极限状态设计法limit states method16. 极限状态limit states17. 极限状态方程limit state equation18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states20. 分项系数partial safety factor21. 设计情况design situation22. 持久情况persistent situation23. 短暂情况transient situation24. 偶尔情况accidental situation1. 作用action2. 荷载load3. 线分布力force per unit length4. 面分布力force per unit area5. 体分布力force per unit volume6. 力矩moment of force7. 永远作用permanent action8. 可变作用variable action9. 偶尔作用accidental action10.固定作用fixed adtion11.自由(可动)作用. Free action12. 静态作用static action13. 动态作用dynamic action14. 多次重复作用repeated action; cyclic action16. 自重self weight17. 施工荷载site load18. 土压力earth pressure19. 温度作用temperature action20. 地震作用earthquake action22.风荷载wind load23.风振wind vibration24. 雪荷载snow load27.桥(桥梁)荷载load on bridge28.桥(桥梁)恒荷载dead load on bridge29.桥(桥梁)活荷载live load on bridge30.马路车辆荷载标准Standard highway vehicle load31.中国铁路标准活载Standard Railway Live Load Specified by the People’sRepublic of China44.作用代表值representative value of an action45.作用标准值characteristic value of an action46.作用准永远值quasi-permanent value of an action47.作用组合值combination value of actions48.作用分项系数partial safety factor for action49.作用设计值design value of an action50.作用组合值系数coeffcient for combination value of actions 51.作用效应effects of actions52.作用效应系数coefficient of effects of actions53.轴向力normal force\axial force54.剪力shear force55.弯矩bending moment57.扭矩torque58.应力stress59.正应力normal stress60.剪应力shear stress; tangential stress61.主应力principal stress62.预应力prestress63.位移displacement64.挠度deflection65.变形deformation66.弹性变形elastic deformation67.塑性变形plastic deformation70.应变strain71.线应变linear strain72.剪应变shear strain; tangential strain73.主应变principal strain74.作用效应组合combination for action effects75.作用效应基本组合fundamental combination for action effects 77.短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects 78.持久效应组合combination for long-term action effects 79.设计限值limiting design value1.抗力resistance2.强度strength3.抗压强度compressive strength4.抗拉强度tensile strength5.抗剪强度shear strength6.抗弯强度flexural strength7.屈服强度yield strength8.疲劳强度fatigue strength9.极限应变ultimate strain10.弹性模量modulus of elasticity11.剪变模量shear modulus12.变形模量modulus of deformation13.泊松比Poisson ratio14.承载能力bearing capacity15.受压承载能力compressive capacity16.受拉承载能力tensile capacity17.受剪承载能力shear capacity18.受弯承载能力flexural capacity19.受扭承载能力torsional capacity20.疲劳承载能力fatigue capacity21.刚度stiffness; rigidity22.抗裂度crack resistance23.极限变形ultimate deformation24.稳定性stability26.脆性破坏brittle failure27.延性破坏ductile failure30.材料性能分项系数partial safety factor for property of material。
(完整版)土木工程专业英语翻译
(1)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including Canada and the United States, reinforced concrete is a dominant structural material in engineered construction.(1)混凝土和钢筋混凝土在每个国家都被用作建筑材料。
在许多国家,包括加拿大和美国,钢筋混凝土是一种主要的工程结构材料。
(2)The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction.(2) 钢筋混凝土建筑的广泛存在是由于钢筋和制造混凝土的材料,包括石子,沙,水泥等,可以通过多种途径方便的得到,同时兴建混凝土建筑时所需要的技术也相对简单。
(3)Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, building of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.(3)混凝土和钢筋混凝土被应用于桥梁,各种形式的建筑,地下结构,蓄水池,电视塔,海上石油平台,以及工业建筑,大坝,甚至船舶等。
土木工程桥梁专业英语翻译
英语翻译Lesson 13 Bridge Forms1、一座好的桥梁必须结构简单,功能完善,美观大方,荷载分布均匀,比例协调,线条流畅,格调沉静并且和周围的环境相协调。
2、桥梁工程后来的发展是结构形式的改进的结果,这有赖于对结构分析和设计逐步深入地理解以及工程材料的改善和施工技术的提高。
3、在桥面建设中相对更新型的材料之一是预应力混凝土(混凝土先经过预压以抵抗最终拉力,于是钢筋混凝土固有的不抗拉的缺陷得到了解决)。
4、混凝土小跨桥的形式包括现浇钢筋混凝土T形梁(及板);单跨预应力桥(包括预制预应力I形梁或者箱形梁,顶部为现浇的桥面);以及现浇箱形梁。
5、拱桥用在跨度更大,中间不能修建桥墩的地方,以及有坚硬岩石来支撑桥台处轴向力的地方。
6、有了桥面上方的并连接到桥墩的缆索,就可以去掉中间的桥墩,从而是航行有更大的宽度。
7、由于斜拉索的阻尼效应,斜拉桥面较之悬索桥强不易产生风动摇晃。
8、板桥在美国用于中跨桥。
它们通常是连续结构,梁在桥墩处最厚,跨中最薄。
9、上承桥是桥面在支撑结构的上面,即上部结构的支撑物在桥面以下。
10、混凝土小跨桥的形式包括现浇钢筋混凝土T形梁(及板);单跨预应力桥(包括预制预应力I形梁或者箱形梁,顶部为现浇的桥面);以及现浇箱形梁。
Lesson 14 Substructure SystemsA1、在近来的一些设计中,在柱和盖梁之间采用了混凝土铰接支座以避免力矩从桥面转移到柱上。
2、实心桥墩由圬工材料和大体积混凝土浇筑而成,裸露部分可以采用石圬工衬砌,内部用贫混凝土浇注,这样可以减少模板的费用,并且增强美感。
3、倒梯形桥墩具有细长的下部结构,一般适合高架公路,这种桥墩应用在跨河桥时,对河道的限制极小。
4、沿垂直上部结构的轴线方向测量,桥墩顶部应至少比承台长1.2m。
承台尺寸的确定应满足由静载和活载共同产生的支撑应力不超过4.2MPa。
5、桥墩顶部一般比顶部要宽,以便把最终应力限制到允许值范围内。
桥梁工程英语专业词汇
最小配筋率
minimum steel ratio
轴向拉力
轴向拉力: axial tension|axial te ion
轴向拉力,轴向拉伸: axial tension
轴向拉力轴向张力: axialtensileforce
承台
cushion cap
设计值: design value|value|designed value
作用设计值: design value of an action
荷载设计值: design value of a load
可靠度
confidence level
reliability
fiduciary level
可靠度: Reliability|degree of reliability
等效负载等效荷载等值负载: equivalentload
模型
matrix
model
mould
pattern
承载能力极限状态
承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states
正常使用极限状态
serviceability limit state
正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state
单墩: single pier
单墩尾水管: single-pier draught tube
单墩肘形尾水管: one-pier elbow draught tube
结构优化设计
结构优化设计: optimal structure designing
扩结构优化设计: Optimal Struc ture Designing
桥梁工程专业英语100词【范本模板】
1、桥梁施工节段法施工segmental construction method无支架施工erection without scaffolding顶推法施工Incremental launching method转体法施工construction by swing纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating平衡悬臂施工balanced cantilever construction悬臂浇筑法free cantilever casting method cast—in-place cantilever method导梁launching nose架桥机bridge-erection crane2、桥梁结构横梁cross beam纵梁stringerlongitudinal beam桥头搭板transition slab桥面板bridge deck slab桥面系bridge floor system盖梁bent cap单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier低承台桩基low capped pile foundation沉井open caisson刃脚cutting edge桥梁类型人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥over crossing bridge立交桥grade separation bridge轻轨交通桥rapid transit bridge施工便桥service bridge简支梁桥simply supported bridge刚架拱桥tied arch bridge斜腿刚架桥rigid frame bridge单索面斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge with singe cable plane斜拉-悬索组合体系桥hybrid cable-supported bridge system上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half—through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁式桥girder bridge公铁两用桥rail—cum—road bridge《公路桥梁抗风设计规范》(JTG/TD60-01-2004)《Wind-resistent design specification for highway bridges》基本风速basic wind speed设计基本风速design standard wind speed风攻角wind attack angle静阵风系数static gust factor地表粗糙度terrain roughness空气静力系数aerostatic factor静力扭转发散aerostatic torsional divergence静力横向屈曲aerostatic lateral buckling颤振flutter驰振galloping抖振buffeting涡激共振vortex resonance颤振检验风速flutter checking wind speed静力三分力aerostatic force节段模型试验sectional model testing风振控制wind-induced vibration control《公路桥梁铅芯橡胶支座》(JT/T822—2011)《Lead rubber bearing isolator for highway bridge》设计压应力design compressive stress屈服前刚度pre—yield stiffness屈服后刚度post-yield stiffness第一形状系数1st shape factor第二形状系数2nd shape factor等效阻尼比equivalent damping ratio水平等效刚度shear equivalent stiffness弹性储能elastic strain energy铅芯屈服力lead—yield force《公路桥梁摩擦摆式减隔震支座》(JT/T852-2013)《Friction pendulum seismic isolation bearing for highway bridges》减隔震起始力bolt broken force隔震周期oscillation period竖向转角vertical rotation减隔震位移the maximum displacement capacity of the bearing减隔震转角the maximum rotation capacity of the bearing回复力re-centring force《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTGD60—2015)《General specifications for design of highway bridges and culverts》设计基准期design reference period设计使用年限design woking lifedesign service life极限状态limit states承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states设计状况design situations结构耐久性structural durability永久作用permanent action偶然作用accidental action作用的标准值characteristic value of an action作用的代表值representive value of an action可变作用的伴随值accompanying value of a variable action可变作用的组合值quasi—permanent value of a variable action作用效应effect of action作用组合combination of actions荷载组合load combination作用基本组合fundamental combination of actions分项系数partial safety factor结构重要性系数factorfor importance of structure《公路桥梁加固设计规范》(JTG/T J22—2008)《Specifications for strengthing design of highway bridges》桥梁加固strengthing of existing bridges原构件existing structure member主要承重构件main structure member纤维复合材料fiberrein forced polymer植筋bonded rebars锚栓anchor bolt结构胶黏剂structural adhesives聚合物砂浆polymer mortar环氧混凝土epoxy resin concrete阻锈剂corrosion inhibitor for reinforcing steel in concrete增大截面加固法structure member strengthing with R。
建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译
建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译★以下是###英文写作翻译频道为大家整理的《建筑工程专业英语词汇翻译》,供大家参考。
更多内容请看本站频道。
综合分析判断 comprehensive analysis and judgement变压器 transformer抽芯loose core过道 aisle三相电容 three phase capacitance芯棒 core rod都市规划与土地开发 urban g and land development社区开发及工业区开发community development and industry park development开发许可申请 development permit土地使用变更计划 land use rezoning plan主要计划及细部计划 master plan and detail plan都市计划更新计划 urban renewal plan都市设施 urban design建筑设施 architecture design大地工程 geotechnical engineering工址调查 site investigation现地试验与室内试验 in-situ and laboratory test基础工程 foundation design深开挖工程及建物保护 deep excavation and building protection新生地及软弱地层改良 reclamation and soft ground improvement山坡地开发与水土保持 slope land development, soil and water conservation潜盾隧道与岩石隧道 shield tunnel and rock tunnel大地工程施工顾问 geotechnical construction consultant土壤材料试验 soil and material结构工程 structural engineering各类钢筋混凝土、预力混凝土、钢结构及钢骨钢筋混凝土结构structures of r.c., prestressed concrete, steel, and src桥梁、高层建筑、地下结构物、隧道、深开挖挡土结构 bridges, high-rise buildings, underground structures, tunnels, retaining structures for deep excavations桥梁安全检测、评估及维修补强 bridge inspection, assessment, and rehabilitation钢结构细部设计及制造图 steel structural detail design and shop drawings厂房工程 industrial plant工业厂房-石化工厂、钢厂、电厂、气体厂、科技工业厂房、一般性厂房 industrial plants--petroleum and chemical, steel, power, gas, high-technical and general plants环保设施工厂-垃圾焚化厂、垃圾掩埋场、污水处理厂及相关管线environment protecting plants--incineration plants, garbage disposal plants, waste water treatment plants and piping system设备支撑结构、管架、操作平台 equipment supporting structures, pipe racks, operating platforms设备基础 equipment foundations厂区一般土木及公共设施 general civil works and utilities of plants运输工程 transportation engineering运输规划 transportation planning停车场设施工程规划、设计 engineering planning & designfor parking facilities建筑交通维持计划 traffic control & management during construction水利及港湾工程 hydraulic and harbor engineering营建管理 construction management估价及工程预算制作 estimates and engineering budget works营建管理 construction management工程监造 construction supervision施工计划 construction plan工程进度控管 schedule control during construction施工规划 construction specifications环境工程 environmental engineering环境影响评估 environment impact assessment环境监测 environmental monitoring地下水监测系统 groundwater monitoring污水处理厂 wastewater treatment plant污水下水道 sewage system噪音振动防治 noise and vibration垃圾焚化厂兴建工程 waste incinerator废弃物处理系统工程 waste treatment & disposal共同管道 common ducts管道及附属设施之规划设计 planning and design of common ducts structures and subsidiary facilities经济效益分析 economic and efficiency analysis财务评估 financial evaluation管理维护办法及组织订定 regulation for the management, maintenance and organization。
桥梁名词中英文对照修改版
桥梁名词中英文对照修改版A类部分预应力混凝土 type A partially prestressed concrete A形索塔 A-framed towerB类部分预应力混凝土 type B partially prestressed concreteGM法 Guyon-Massonet methodJM12型锚具 J M 12 anchorageOVM锚具 oriental cone anchorage;T[形]梁桥 T-beam bridgeT形刚构桥 T-shaped rigid frame bridgeT形梁 T[-shaped] beamT形桥台 T-abutmentU形梁 U[-shaped] beamU形桥台 U-abutmentVSL锚具 VSL anchorage; 瑞士VSL 厂生产的国际通用夹片锚具。
W型护栏 w-type guardrailXM锚具 X-typed anchorage; X型三夹片式群锚。
YM锚具Y-typed anchorage, post-tensioning strand group anchorage;[桥]台后回填back filling behind abutment [桥基]沉降settlement[桥梁]动力回应试验 bridge response to forced vibration[桥头]锥坡 conical slope八字形桥台 flare wing-walled abutment板 slab板端错台 faulting of slab ends板肋拱桥 slab-rib arch bridge板桥 slab bridge板式橡胶支座 laminated rubber bearing板体断裂 slab rupture板体翘曲 slab warping板体温度翘曲应力slab stress due to thermal warping 板桩sheet pile板桩围堰 sheet pile cofferdam便桥 detour bridge标准车辆荷载 standard truck loading波纹钢桥面 corrugated steel deck波纹管涵 corrugated-metal pipe culvert波形梁护栏 corrugated beam barrier超载预压 surcharge preloading车道 lane车道分布 lane distribution车道荷载 lane load车间净距 vehicular gap沉管灌注桩 tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile沉降差 differential settlement沉井基础 open caisson foundation沉井刃脚 caisson cutting edge冲击系数 impact factor;承台 bearing platform, pile cap冲刷 scouring erosion搭接钢板接缝 lapped steel plate joint打入桩 driven pile打桩 pile driving搭接钢板接缝 lapped steel plate joint打入桩 driven pile打桩 pile driving大跨径桥 long span bridge单铰拱桥 single-hinged arch bridge单室箱梁 single cell box girder单索面斜拉桥 single plane cable stayed bridge单向板 one-way slab单向推力墩 single direction thrusted pier单柱式[桥]墩 single-columned pier, single shaft pier单桩 individual pile, single pile单桩承载力 bearing capacity of pile弹性梁支承法 elastic supported beam method弹性模量 modulus of elasticity挡土墙 retaining wall地震荷载 earthquake load seismic force; 又称“地震力”。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
22桥梁施工技术
决定桥梁应如何施工主要取决于当地的条件。
包括材料、可用的设备、允许的施工时间和环境限制条件。
由于当地条件、时间多种多样,对于给定结构的最好的施工方法也是多种多样的。
后张混凝土节段施工
各种桥型可以通过节段和后张的施工方法形成最终的结构体系。
其基本概念是通过标准化施工和多种施工设备的使用来节约成本。
节段可以现浇或预制。
如果是现浇,通常做法是使用移动模架(挂篮?)的平衡悬臂施工法。
如果节段是预制,则可用平衡悬臂法、逐跨渐进或从一端顶推的方法建立。
无论是设计者还是承包商均有机会评估和选择最有效的施工方法。
表22.1为使用传统的节段施工法施工的桥型及对应的典型跨径范围。
平衡悬臂施工法
用于混凝土箱梁桥的平衡悬臂节段施工法早已成为无需支架建设桥梁最有效的方法之一。
在市区临时支撑会干扰交通并使交通拥挤,在深的峡谷和航道之上,支架不仅造价高而且危险,所以比起其他施工形式,这种施工方法有巨大优势。
施工开始于固定支柱并且在施工进行中保持平衡至到跨中。
最后的合拢段连接起了相邻支柱间的悬臂梁。
因此结构在所有阶段都是自支撑的。
由悬臂梁上的荷载引起的名义上的不平衡力可以通过若干种方法抵消掉,在这些方法里任何临时装备在支柱和支柱之间都是可重复利用。
最普遍的方法如下:(1)如果是最后的结构,就可以单片连接到桥墩;(2)如果存在永久性的话,或暂时双轴承盒垂直暂时后张;(3)一个简单的支撑/约束固定在桩帽上;(4)如果是一个调动放置段或者支撑模板,可以悬挂式台架架设一个道具。
悬臂的构造通常在3~6米。
他们可以现浇也可以在附近的特定地方预制,陆地,水里或者复杂的高架桥运输到特定的桥墩上,从而架设到位。
根据特殊的应用,每一种方法都有各自的优点。
用于模板,预制场和安装设备的所需支出很难做出判断,预制技术对于小于预制场甲板面积和可以松动的磨具的小项目是可行的,这些节段可以由起重机吊立起来。
对于逐跨施工法或渐进施工法来说,结构都是从一端修建到另一端的。
一般来说,渐进施工法用于地面受到环境限制或需要考虑环境因素的情况,变截面和跨度达到60m以上的比较实用与这种方法。
相反,在需要加快施工进度的情况下,通常采用逐跨预制节段施工法。
跨径50m的是最经济的因为它可以最小化安装设备。
渐进施工
渐进施工法是一步一步的安装过程是来源于悬臂施工,即节段以连续的悬臂方式被安置。
这种方法同样适用于预制和现浇节段。
由于施工时悬臂桥梁在永久桥墩位置处要承受特别大的弯矩u,因此有必要采用临时排架或可移动的临时搭架装置。
对于预制结构使用临时塔架系统,运输节段至超过桥梁已安装好的部分。
利用一些其中设备比如回转式起重机,节段的安置或临时支撑是依靠对前一节段的后张或保持塔架支撑的。
这种方法的优点为1,在桥面层面进行操作;2,墩柱上的反作用力是垂直的;3,这种方法很容易适应变化的平曲线;它的缺点是:1,第一跨是建立在临时支架上;2,在建造过程中,作用在上部结构上的力和整体结构上的力不同;3,由于悬臂架设的长度,墩柱承受的由于恒载产生的反作用力比最后成桥的高;然而,考虑到在成桥中的其他荷载的作用,桥墩控制设计中,这种情况不会发生逐跨施工。
逐跨施工
与平衡悬臂和渐进施工相比,逐跨施工主要在桥面板层面进行,特别运用在大量的长跨高架桥,而不是相对比较小的跨的桥梁( 50m),在形式上,逐跨施工作为一种结构的现浇的方法,首先在结构反弯点的施工缝得到发展。
挂篮,可以支承在桥墩,已建的前一跨和下一个桥墩的边缘,有时,甚至支承在路面上。
在一跨间的钢箱梁架设中,采用预制阶段法,钢箱梁节段被放置和调整,之后一起后张。
尽管现浇法和预制逐跨施工方法都持续在使用,但是预制节段法已经变成了应用最多的方法。
美国的和桥:两个先预制再逐跨施工方法的应用程序是和桥,坐落在在佛罗里达。
较短的100跨是美国第一座通过干接缝与体外后张拉预应力先预制后逐跨施工的桥梁。
泰国的快速路:位于东南亚的大量逐跨公路及铁路导轨建设项目目前正在施工,而最近一些项目已经竣工了。
这些新近的项目中,最具创新特色的很可能当属长54,共计1300跨的快速路。
主梁支撑着结构组件和跨梁装配作业。
这装配过程可以被形容为“流水作业”,因为这过程中没有哪个构件是不能组装的,而且拼装架可以随着施工一跨一跨推进进行重新组装。
虽然在施工过程进行的是结构设计,但仍可以看出,墩台的建设被赋予美学,有些“漂浮”,这出现在27m宽,其上有6车道的箱梁上。
伴随着使用5个拼装架,每两天可以建立一跨或一周完全780m的上部结构的施工,在没有中断交通流量的情况下,高架桥的建设周期可期望持续约2年并于1999年竣工。
美国海峡大桥:美国的第一座预制、预应力海峡大桥,建于1974年,坐落于加利福利亚圣地亚哥,用于圣地亚哥州立大学人行横道。
这一理论概念18年后又再次用于新桥标准试验研究。
把混凝土栏杆作于结构的一部分是此概念最大的创新。
主纵向后张法预应力的应用使结构自重极大减轻,截面尺寸减小成为可能。
这一概念主要有以下几个优势:(1)自重轻,更容易分段(2)安装设备的低成本,循环利用率高(3)增加上部结构下的竖向净空高度,因为承受荷载的结构是在车行道板之上,而不是在下(4)桥墩数量的减少,增加了车道下面的安全水平。
现在的逐跨施工法采用设置在箱梁内混凝土外的后张预应力束这样预制简便安装速度快并且梁段之间无需环氧树脂灌缝而采用干接缝,各桥墩段的后张预应力筋是连续的。
顶推法
顶推技术自教授在委内瑞拉力拓卡罗尼桥中引进,被应用于数百座桥。
对于一个设计师来说当选址遇到特别的定位要求时,这个技术是一个很不错的选择。
这个方法需要将已建的上部结构或上部结构的一部分固定在桥台后面固定位置。
已完成的,或部分完成的结构用千斤顶顶置水平放置。
继续推进到桥梁所设定的位置。
随后的部分拼接到已经完成的部分,循环多次依次推到桥墩。
因为所有的待建物被聚集在一个场地,很容易从中获得。
而且在预制场地可得到一样水平质量的混凝土。
这个过程的优势,类似于悬臂平衡施工技术,避免使用
桥下脚手架,也不需要类似的起重设备,吊车,构台的装置,也不需要环氧的管片接头,通常,需要轻型钢桁架这个特殊装置作为导梁,以减少在顶推过程中产生的弯矩。
设计者必须知道的两个与技术相关的特性,1、线性必须为直线或者曲率为常量2、梁的每个部分在施工时都会要承受跨径内最大弯矩和最小弯矩,悬臂部分前端承受的弯矩将稍微更大一些。
第二个注意事项通常要求主梁截面比没有限制条件时梁高稍微高一些,大约是跨径1/15。
箱梁也必须等高以保证每个截面能够被支承在临时支座上。
另外要考虑的是,在桥台后面必须要有一大块预制场地;可升降的临时支座,当顶推完成时可用永久支座来替换;预制时桥梁的几何形状要被严格控制。
顶推法主要应用于等长多跨的高架桥。
跨径100m时通常考虑顶推法,等高箱梁的要求使得更长的跨径不经济。
独跨桥梁能够通过从两端桥台想中心顶推,形成两个大悬臂。
顶推施工的极限长度为1000m。
两倍这样长度的桥梁可以采用两端分别顶推的方法。