中国文化概况AGlimpseofChineseCulture(修订版)Chapter11

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中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 12--World Heritage Sites

Natural Heritage
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
• Located in the mountainous northwest of Yunnan province • refer to the areas where the Jinsha River, the Lancang River and the Nujiang River flow roughly parallel through steep gorges • numerous natural resources and traditional customs of multiple ethnic minorities • harbour the richest biodiversity among the temperate areas of the world
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Mount Wuyi • Located south of Wuyishan city, Fujian province • subtropical virgin forests and many attractions of exceptional scenic quality • also known for its great historic and cultural value
Natural Heritage
Natural Heritage
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area • Located in Songpan county, northwest of Sichuan province • Its most important feature is the outstanding karst formation. • tall arbours and shrubs, vines, herbs and moss, as well as rare and endangered plants that only China has. • enjoys the reputation of “Kingdom of Cold Temperate Plants”. • boasts more than 30 species of national Grade-A and Grade-B protected animals

中国文化概况_chapter_1

Located in the east of the Asian continent, on the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada.
National Emblem

Composed of patterns of the national flag, the Tian’anmen Rostrum [‘rɔstrəm]（城楼）, a wheel gear and ears of wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic Revolution of the Chinese people since the May 4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China.
National Day National Emblem ['embləm] 象征；徽章；符号 National Anthem ['æ nθəm]赞美诗；圣歌 National Capital
National Day

Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honor of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.

The relatively enclosed geographical surroundings provided exceptional natural advantages for the ancient Chinese culture to develop independently, for a fairly long period free from the impact of foreign cultures, especially those powerful ones. These facilitated the Chinese culture to evolve into a stable and independent system with distinctive regional features.

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture-Chapter 5

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture
Chapter 5
Education
本章教学的目的

1. 了解中国教育发展简史; 2. 掌握古今教育有关常用术语; 3. 探讨中国教育现状及心目中的优秀教师标准。
本章教学的重难点

1. 古代教育模式、科举制度 2. 现代教育基本概况 3. 国际交流与合作 4. 有关优秀教师标准的讨论
The Military Examination

The military examination featured martial arts, including horsemanship, archery, and weightlifting.
More Information…

三元及第坊三元, 是省级的“乡试”、全国的 “会试”和皇帝亲自主持的“殿试” 均名列第一，分别获得“解元”、 “会元”、“状元”称号的缩略。自
Imperial Examination System

The system of the imperial examination, or Keju (科举) in Chinese, dominated education in China’s feudal society. It became the method, by which talented people were recognized and selected as government officials. The practice began in the Sui Dynasty and lasted more than 1,300 years until the last examination, which was held during the Qing Dynasty.

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter10

Civilian residential housing
Huizhou residential houses

embraced local physical features incorporated fengshui concepts and aesthetic trends black tiles, white walls and decorations placed elegantly on upturned eaves the garden-style with exquisite carvings on the doors and windows doorframe constructed with one stone rather than a wood
Some Ethnic Houses
Dai bamboo house

the traditional dwelling of the Dai people square in shape, two storeys. living quarters: the upper storey, supported by wooden poles and more than two meters above the ground the open-walled lower storey is for raising domestic animals and for storage the building has an oblique (斜的) roof, shaped as an upside down, covered with grass or tiles. the upper storey: inner bedrooms and an outer living room

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 4

Discussion & Presentation
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Lead-in Activity
Watch & Think Watch the video clip and discuss the reason why Shanghai schools outperform the Entire World On Tests.
The Development of Traditional Education
Official Schools The Academy of Classic Learning • Came into being during the Tang Dynasty and continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty • Established in various localities for studies and lectures • Existed for thousands of years and were more like the present higher education institutions and libraries • Became the gathering places for scholars, celebrities, and intellectuals • When the imperial civil examination system was abolished, most of the academies were converted into schools.
• Senior Middle School and Secondary Vocational School

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 7

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Lantern Festival
• celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month • with a grand display of beautiful lanterns • riddles pasted onto lanterns are guessed • yuanxiao, a kind of rice dumplings, was eaten
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Mid-Autumn Festival
•Please tell the legend about the festival
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Double Ninth Festival
• celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month • began as early as the Warring States period • activities include: outing and enjoying the scenes, climbing mountains, appreciating chrysanthemum, wearing dogwood, eating Chongyang pastry and drinking chrysanthemum wine • the Chinese government designated the festival as “Senior Citizens Day” in 1989
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Antiphonal Singing Day
• a traditional festival for the Zhuang people and some other ethnic minorities • young people, dressed in their best, gather in the fields and do antiphonal singing in groups with those of the opposite sex

中国文化概况A-Glimpse-of-Chinese-Culture(修订版)Chapter-8

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Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang. Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories.
Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories.
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Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
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Eight Regional Cuisines
Guangdong Cuisine also known as Yuecai (粤菜). fresh, crisp, tender, lightly
seasoned. roasting, stir-frying, sautéing,
deep-frying, stewing and steaming. porridges and soups
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Eight Regional Cuisines

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 3

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Traditional Operas
Do you know what kinds of operas the following pictures indicate?
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Beijing Opera
Beijing Opera • originally a form of local theatre, then a national opera of China • the four basic skills include singing, recitation, acting and acrobatic fighting • the four major roles include sheng, dan, jing and chou • has distinguished facial make-up and costume
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中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter-5

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Ancient Science and Technology
Four Great Inventions Traditional Chinese Medicine Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
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Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Porcelain
• made generally from clay • heated at a high degree • the first glazing color is blue
Abacus
• an early form of calculator
compass
printing
gunpowder
paper-making
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Four Great Inventions
Compass
• shows geographic directions • use the earth’s magnetic field • enables international trade and exploration • denotes eight main directions • helpful for the explorations of Zheng
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Four Great Inventions
Printing
• known as “mother of civilization” • includes block printing and movable type printing • block printing is time-consuming and the blocks become useless after the printing • movable type printing is more convenient with the pieces being durable and reusable

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture-Chapter 9

Eight Regional Cuisines

Foods vary from north to south. Tastes also differ regionally because of the climatic differences. One popular summary of Chinese food is “sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east”.
Table Manners

Arrangement of seats At a formal banquet, the host prepares adequate seating for the guests. For a large number of guests, the elderly or people of high status are allocated specific seats. Special guests and the elderly sit on the north side of the table or directly facing the entrance to the room. The concept of “honoured south, humble north” is closely related with traditional Chinese etiquette.

Jiangsu Cuisine, also known as Su Cai, has characteristically sweet taste. It preserves the food’s original flavour, while emphasising strictly choice ingredients, exquisite workmanship, and elegant shapes.

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture-Chapter 5

Do you know four famous academies of ancient China?

Yuelu Academy (岳麓书院)

Bailudong Academy (白鹿洞书院)

Songyang Academy (嵩阳书院)

Yingtian Academy (应天书院)
How did the imperial examination system appear?
Basic Education

Basic education encompasses preschool education, primary school education and middle school education (junior middle and senior middle). The length of schooling is: five or six years in primary schools, three years in junior middle schools, and three years in senior middle schools.
Present Education (30

minutes)

Basic Education (10 minutes) Senior Middle School and Secondary Vocational School (5 minutes) Higher Education (5 minutes) Adult Education (5 minutes) Special Education (2 minutes) Vocational Education (1 minutes) Education for Ethnic Groups (2 minutes)

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8

Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。

中国文化概况A Glimpse of Chinese Culture(修订版)Chapter 8

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Features of Chinese Food
Yin-yang Principle Each food has its own characteristics of yin or yang.

Yin foods : thin, cold ,low calories. Boiling makes food yin. Yang foods : rich, spicy, hot ,high calories. Frying makes food yang.

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Features of Chinese Food
Seasonings
taste mainly depends on the seasonings. many tastes—salty (salt, soy sauce), sweet (sugar, honey), sour (vinegar), fragrant (sesame oil, coriander, wine), spicy(chilli, garlic, ginger), tangy(monosodium glutamate or MSG), bitter(dried tangerine, bitter apricot kernel),etc.
Lead-in Activity
Chinese diet
Discussion & Presentation
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Culinary Culture
Features of Chinese Food
Eight Regional Chinese Delicacy Table Manners
Cuisines A Bite of China

中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter 6

中国文化概况
A GLIMPSE OF CHINESE CULTURE
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Chapter 6 Sports
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学习目标
了解中国传统健身活动; 掌握奥运会的概况; 熟悉中国优秀体育项目。
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Overview
Lead-in Activity
Sports in China
Discussion & Presentation
the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms periods. • Sporting images have been recorded over
the Dynasties in sepulchral mural paintings(壁画), stone paintings, brick paintings, poems, etc.
Traditional Physical Activities
Categories of Chinese Martial Arts
Boxing Weapon exercises Sparring exercises Actual combat Teamwork
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Traditional Physical Activities
& China
Sports and athletes
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Traditional Physical Activities
Martial Arts
• The most representative and typical traditional physical activities in China
• have opened the door for people of all races and cultures, and are

中国文化1修改13张版

北方和南方的概念源于气候、地理、饮食习惯、身体特征和节日庆典的不同。
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The End
Thank You
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世界上最大的制造业经济体
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part Economy
Deng Xiaoping

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在70年代领导国家的改造驱动，做出了艰苦的努力 11
“中国改革开放的总设计师” born on Aug 22, 1904 in Southwest China's Sichuan province the "chief architect of China's reform and opening-up" made painstaking efforts in leading the country's transformation drive starting in the 1970s

Political System 最高国家权力机关：全国人民代表大会
全国人大及其常委会被赋予了权利立法、决策、监督、选举和任免（免除）。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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part2 Politics
Political System
The CPPCC 【人民政协】 a political advisory body under the leadership of the CPC

an organ for other political parties, mass organizations and personages of various social circles to take part in the running of the state