计算机专业英语例题13(1998年第12题)
计算机专业英语习题+答案
习题+答案2.1Write T or F to each stateme ntT6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device.T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times.T8. The repetiti on of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate.T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse.F10. A clock in put may occur at any time.T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register.T13. A uni direct ional shift register is capable of shift ing in one direct ion only.F14. I n a shift-left register the serial in put determ ines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register.F15. To provide parallel tran sfer capability some additi onal in put and output lines should be provided to the shift register.Choose the best an swer for each of the follow ing1. How can the output of a logic gate be en ergized? CA By cha nging its in puts.B By rema ining its in puts un cha nged.C By meet ing the specific in put con diti on.D By givi ng a pulse.3. A NAND gate con sists of D .A an OR gate followed by an in verterB an AND gate followed by an in verterC an AND gate followed by an OR gateD an in verter followed by an AND gate4. Un der what con diti on is the output of a two-i nput XOR gate logic-high? BA Its in puts are simulta neously at the same logic level.B Its in puts are simulta neously at opposite logic levels.C Its in puts are logic-low.D its in puts are simulta neously logic-high.2.2Write T or F for each stateme ntT 1. The CPU uses the in put and output un its to com muni cate with the outside world.F2. Main memory is sometimes called exter nal memory.F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use.F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system..T5. Large systems offer higher process ing speeds for user and retur n more data tha n PCs.F6. CPUs all size have primary storage, arithmetic logic, and the con trol sect ion.F7. The output device is the heart of any computer system.T8. The in put/output devices and auxiliary storage un its of a computer system are called peripherals.F9. The in strume nt of in terpretati on and com muni cati on betwee n huma ns and computers system of all sizes is CPU.an F10 Special purpose computers can adapted to many situation by giving them appropriate program.F11 .A mi nicomputer is the smallest and least expe nsive type of computer.T12. A special purpose computer performs only one specific task and thus lacks versatility.T13. The larger the system the greater is its process ing speed, storage capacity.T14. Mai nframe computers are desig ned to process complex scie ntific applicati on.T 9. The main memory in a gen eral-purpose computer is made up of RAM in tegratedcircuit chip.\F 10. When the power is turned on, the program coun ter is set the first address of the bootstrap loaderby the software of the computer.T 11. The read-write heads con tact the surface of the floppy disks.T 12. The data on a particular track will be switched automatically onto a spare trackby the computer before a catastrophic failure would occur.F 14. The read write heads stay on the same track continuously when the disk drive isWorki ngF 16. The possible symbols in the binary nu mberi ng system are q to 9.F 17. The decimal value of 16 is represented in 4 bits BCD as 00010101.F 18. Alpha nu meric versions of BCD com monly use 6,7or 8 bits to represe nt characters.F 19. A 6 bit alpha nu meric code can represe nt 128 differe nt characters.F 22. Eight bit codes are limited to represe nting 128 differe nt characters.T23. An extra check (or parity ) bit is often added to each 6, 7, or 8 bit character represented in storage so that it will be possible to detect codi ng errors that may occur.T 24. If a computer uses an odd parity format to detect errors in character codes, the n every valid character code will always have an odd number of 1 bits.T 25. Processor comes with a unique set of operati ons called an in struct ion set.F 26. In an in struct ion, opera nds specify the fun cti on to be performed.T 27. A processor's job is to retrieve in structio n from memory and perform step bystep operati ons,3.3 True or FalseF1 All operati ng systems on various computers take the same size.F 2 All operati ng systems were writte n in a low level Ian guage.T3 The user can't use the computers at all if there is no operating system on the computers.F4 The operati ng system exists in the lowest layer of a computer.T5 The system calls are provided by the operati ng system.T 6 A computer's operati onal software defi nes the schedule of jobs await ing executi on.F7 Though an operati ng system can schedule the executi on of jobs, it does not man age the availability of I/O devices.T 8 The IOCS comp onent of an operat ing system con trols I/O operati ons.T9 It is a major problem for the operati ng system to map the logical file con cept onto physicalstorage devices such as magn etic tape or disk.F10 Files can only be direct access on a disk system.T 11 The logic structure and nomen clature of the differe nt operati ng systems vary considerable.F12 The form of the system prompt is the same for every kind of operating system 13 You must boot the system, before you use a microcomputer.T14 Spooling is an approach to improving system performance by over aping thein put of one job with the output of other jobs.T15 Multiprogramming allows time sharing.T1 6 When they first appeared, the microcomputers were provided with the operati ng systemdeveloped for computers.T17 By using the graphical user in terface, what the users n eed to do is to "po int and click" inorder to accomplish their tasks.T18 The in terface in troduced by Win dows is the object-orie nted user in terface.T 19.TMicrosoft failed in bett ing their future on Win dows.Multiple Choice1 A computer's operati ng system is: Da resource man ageme nt 2 Which is the gen eralizati on of a two-level directory? Da cycle graph directory structure c batchsystem3 Which system may have no time con stra ins? Ca real-time systemc batch system4 The more popular micro operati ng system isa MS-DOS d all the above 5 What la nguages can be used to develop the operat ing systems ?C a A machi ne Ian guage,b An assembly Ian guage.c A high level la nguage,d all of the above. 6 How does the operati ng system man age the resources of the computer?a It turns on or off the resources of the computer.b It makes them work together towards some com mon goals, or objectives.c It con trols the way in which these resources are put to work.d It acts directly on the raw hardware.7 The function of an operati ng system is Da to drive the the raw hardware of the computerb to drive the resources of the computer in accorda nce with certa in objectivesc to provide the higher layers of software with a simplified computerb error recoveryc memory man ageme ntd all the aboveb a tree-structured d all the above b time-share system d all the above :D b CP/Mc UNIXd all of the above11 The graphical user in terface provides the users withA a simpler way to in teract with their computersB a series of typed comma ndsC an in tuitive sit of graphical icons that allowed the completi on of com mon tasksD an intuitive set of graphical incons for users to "point and click" in accomplish theirtasks, so that they did n't have to remember arcane words and comma nds anymore12 Win dows resemble the Macin tosh inA providi ng a GUI which is in troduced by Macin toshB providi ng a limited means of multitask ingC providi ng a Win dows in terface just like the GUID allowing users to load multiple programs and have them run in thebackgro und while doing other work in a window in the foregro und3.4 True or FalseF1 Flowchart ing is used primarily for program desig n and rarely for systems desig n.T2 When programming in a procedure-orientedIanguage, you should computer''what to do' and 'how to do it'.T3 Assembler-level Ian guages use mnemonics to represe nt in struct ions.T4 Mach ine Ian guage in struct ions are composed of a label, an opcode, and an opera nd.F5 Mach ine Ian guages must be con verted by a compiler to be used by the computer.F6 High-level la nguages require that programmers work with in dividual main storage location s.. 5T7 A compiler is tran slat ing program that con verts high-level Ian guages intomach ine Ian guage.T9 A flowchart loop in dicates the repetitive performa nee of steeps to process data.T10 None of the computers con sists of hardware on ly.F11 Programs written in high-level la nguage can be executed by the computers without thehelp of a tran slator program~T13 Each symbolic in struct ion has on e-to-one corresp ondence with the mach ine instructio n.T 14 Writing a program in a high-level Ianguage need not take account hardwareof the computer.T 15 The opode of an assembly Ian guage in struct ion specifies the operatio n that is to beperformed by the microprocessor.T 17 The mnemonic for the instruction is the symbolic representation of the actual binarycode that the computer directly executes.T 18 A label is on the left of the assembly Ian guage stateme nt.T 21 To en able the computer to solve an applicati on problem programmers have to writeprograms in order to tran slate the applicati on con cepts into computer con cepts.T 22 A class is defi ned by group ing a user-defi ned type with all procedures and function that canbe applied to it.order to tell the of theT 23 The artificial in tellige nee research com munity did not agree with the con cepts of object-orie nted program ming whe n in its early days.F24 Object-orie nted program ming Ian guages are absolutely differe nt from the LISP program ming Ian guage.T 25 A program may produce in correct output even if it runs OK.T 26 An error will occur if a program wants to use a deleted file.F 27 All the errors can be avoided.T 28 A warni ng will not termi nate the program.T 29 Although we could not avoid all the run time errors, we must take appropriate action whe n it happe ns.Match the followi ng terms to the appropriate defi niti on1 program2 programmer3 mach ine Ian guage4 assembler5 source6 object7 in terpreter8 compilerA A computer program that tran slates an in structio n into mach ine Ian guage, executeit, and the n repeats the process for each in struct ion in a program un til the program is finished. 7B The set of stateme nts that make up a computer program .5C A computer program that reads a high-level la nguage in structio n. 8D A computer-specific set of primitive or eleme ntary in structi ons that allows peopleto com muni cate with a particular computer. 3E A set of in struct ion that tells a computer what to do. 1F A program that tran slates an assembly-level Ian guage into mach ine Ian guage 4.G Output from a compiler or assembler that is lin ked with other code to produce executable mach ine Ian guage code. 6H A pers on who creates computer program. 23.5True or falseT1 The program specificati ons are writte n by the software engin eers.F2 Codi ng a program will con sume most of programmer's time and effort.T 3 Programmers should use flowchart and other visual aids whe n they are desig ning routi nes. F4 The goal of the test phase of program developme nt is to "prove" that a particular program has bee n completely debugged.T 5 More programmers maintain programs rather tha n code programs.T 6 A structured program is made up of several modules.T 7 "Branching" capability is one the most intriguing properties of a digital computer.。
计算机专业英语例题17(1996年第12题)
计算机专业英语例题17（1996年第12题）A database system gives us a way of (A) together specific pieces or lists of (B) that are relevant to us in our jobs or our lives. It also provides a way to (C) and maintain that information in a central place. The first commercial computers were really (D) more than dedicated database machine used to gather, sort and report on census information. To this day, one of the most common reasons for purchasing a computer is to (E) a database system.供选择的答案A. gather gathering ●get ❍gettingB. data information ●mail ❍messageC. build copy ●remember ❍storeD. anything nothing ●something ❍thingE. find load ●run ❍install词汇及短语Be relevant to: 和…相关的，maintain: 维护，dedicated: 专门的，census: 人口普查。
例题分析Gathering: 收集。
因为和介词of搭配，后面应该跟动名词，故不能选择动词原型gather。
Information: 信息。
而其他几个选项含义都较狭窄。
Store: 存储。
考查数据库常识。
Nothing more than…：仅仅是…。
《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案
《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案Lesson 1I.1. Operating System2. Fetch-evaluate-execute3. Front-side bus4. Dual-core processor5. Basic Input/Output System(BIOS)II.1. 指令是特定各式的二进制数列，它们对于每台机器都是唯一的。
2. CPU是中央处理单元的简称，每个字母分开发音。
3. 大多数计算在中央处理器中进行。
4. 双核是指一个处理器上有两个完整运算内核的CPU。
5. 处理器：是微处理器或CPU的缩写。
6. 集成电路：即芯片，是由半导体材料制成的一种电子设备。
III.1. F2. T3. TIV.1.ALU, CU, Register2.memory3.processor4.the CPULesson 2I.1.Static Random Access Memory(SRAM)2.Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)3.Virtual Memory4.Physical Memory5.Level 1 Cache6.Level 2 Cache7.HDD access speedII.1.动态随机存储器之所以称为“动态”是因为它每秒钟被刷新数千次。
2.RAM：是计算机中存储操作系统、应用程序和当前正是用数据的地方。
3.ROM由计算机中一小块长寿命电池供电。
4.RAM缓存是由高速静态随机存储器构成的存储器。
III.1. F2. F3. F4. TIV.1. non-volatile2. compiler3. volatile4. DRAMLesson 3I.1. Motherboard2. PC Case3. Hard Disk Drive(HDD)4. Optical mouse5. RAM6. Mobile DiskII.1.PC是有很多组件构成的一个系统。
计算机专业英语试题及答案
计算机专业英语试题及答案Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分)(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。
)(共10分，每题1分)1．operating system2．requirements analysis3．network security4．data structure5．decision support system6．relational database7．software crisis8．computer virus9．email attachment10．central processing unit ( CPU )(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
) (共10分，每题1分)1．数据库管理系统2．传输控制协议3．多文档界面4．面向对象编程5．只读存储器6．数字视频光盘7．计算机辅助设计8．结构化查询语言9．通用串行总线10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式（三）Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
)(10分，每空1分)1. multimedia a.字处理器2. software life cycle b.交换机3. structured programming c.多媒体4. functional testing d.局域网5. word processor e.结构化程序设计6. code windows f.软件生命周期7. firewall g.功能测试8. LAN h.代码窗口9. hacker i.黑客10. switch j.防火墙1．6.2．7．3．8.4．9.5．10.Ⅱ. Comprehension(阅读理解)（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
1998年考研英语试题及答案
1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times si nce 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D].1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time________ the last bus.[A] to have caught[B] to catch[C] catching[D] having caught2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ soformally.[A] needn’t dress up[B] did not need have dressed up[C] did not need dress up[D] needn’t have dressed up3. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it wasunintentional.[A] offend[B] had offended[C] should have offended[D] might have offended4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do andwhat not to do.[A] to be told[B] having been told[C] being told[D] to have been told5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be madeif food shortage ________ avoided.[A] is to be[B] can be[C] will be[D] has been6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.[A] before[B] as[C] since[D] when7. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possiblefor a professional to be reeducated no matter ________ he does.[A] how[B] where[C] what[D] when8. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school________ twenty years ago.[A] about[B] since[C] till[D] with9. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,________ insufficiently popular with all members.[A] being considered[B] considering[C] to be considered[D] having considered10. ________ for the timely investment from the general public, ourcompany would not be so thriving as it is.[A] Had it not been[B] Were it not[C] Be it not[D] Should it not bePart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A],[B],[C] and[D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Part [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].11. According to Darwin,random changes that enhance a species’Aability for survivingB areCnaturally selected and passed onto succeedingDgenerations.12. Neither rain nor snow keepsAthe postman from delivering ourletters whichB we so muchClook forward to receiveD.13. If they will not acceptA a check, we shall haveBto pay the cashC,though it would beDmuch trouble for both sides.14. Having beenA robbed offBeconomic importance,those states are notClikely to count for very muchDin international political terms.15. The message will beA thatBneither the market nor the government iscapable of dealing with all of theirC uncontrollable practicesD.16. The logic of scientific development is suchA that separatesBgroups of men working onC the same problem in far-scatteredDlaboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.17. Yet not all of these races are intellectual inferior toAtheEuropean races, andB some may even have aCfreshness and vitalitythat can renew the energiesDof more advanced races.18. TheAmore than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of variousnations today are more thanB ample destroyingCevery city in theworld several times overD.19. The universe works in a way so far removeAfrom what common sensewould B allow thatCwords of any kind must necessarily beinadequate to explain itD.20. The integration of independent states could best beAbroughtabout by firstB creating a central organization with authoritiesCover technicalDeconomic tasks.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and[D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].21. The machine needs a complete ________ since it has been in usefor over ten years.[A] amending[B] fitting[C] mending[D] renovating22. There were many people present and he appeared only for a fewseconds, so I only caught a ________ of him.[A] glance[B] glimpse[C] look[D] sight23. I don’t think it’s wise of you to ________ your greaterknowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.[A] show up[B] show out[C] show in[D] show off24. The returns in the short ________ may be small, but over anumber of years the investment will be well repaid.[A] interval[B] range[C] span[D] term25. A thorough study of biology requires ________ with theproperties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.[A] acquisition[B] discrimination[C] curiosity[D] familiarity26. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that theresults would ________ her long effort.[A] justify[B] testify[C] rectify[D] verify27. I’m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to________ my debt in return for certain services.[A] take away[B] cut out[C] write off[D] clear up28. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that theirnews may create a great ________.[A] explosion[B] sensation[C] exaggeration[D] stimulation29. According to what you have just said, am I to understand thathis new post ________ no responsibility with it at all?[A] shoulders[B] possesses[C] carries[D] shares30. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ________to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.[A] comment[B] reaction[C] impression[D] comprehension31. Please ________ yourself from smoking and spitting in publicplaces, since the law forbids them.[A] restrain[B] hinder[C] restrict[D] prohibit32. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on thefunctions of ________ every business operation in the whole country.[A] practically[B] preferably[C] precisely[D] presumably33. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion,________ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.[A] in proportion to[B] in reply to[C] in relation to[D] in contrast to34. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will________ at the end of this month.[A] expire[B] exceed[C] terminate[D] cease35. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as theyread ________ letters from their families.[A] sentimental[B] affectionate[C] intimate[D] sensitive36. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to________, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.[A] revolt[B] revolve[C] reverse[D] revive37. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice wasquite ________.[A] arbitrary[B] rational[C] mechanical[D] unpredictable38. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price ofvegetables no longer ________ according to the weather.[A] altered[B] converted[C] fluctuated[D] modified39. The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees willcertainly not ________ their prospect of promotion.[A] spur[B] further[C] induce[D] reinforce40. In what ________ to a last minute stay of execution, a councilannounced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.[A] applies[B] accounts[C] attaches[D] amountsSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 47, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrializationcertainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted[B] believed[C] claimed[D] predicted42. [A] plain[B] average[C] mean[D] normal43. [A] momentary[B] prompt[C] instant[D] immediate44. [A] bulk[B] host[C] gross[D] magnitude45. [A] On[B] With[C] For[D] By46. [A] broadly[B] thoroughly[C] generally[D] completely47. [A] however[B] meanwhile[C] therefore[D] moreover48. [A] at[B] in[C] about[D] for49. [A] manifested[B] approved[C] shown[D] speculated50. [A] noted[B] impressed[C] labeled[D] markedSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A],[B],[C] and[D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Text 1Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a damon the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.51. The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that ________.[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted[C] over-excited people tend to neglect vital things[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight52. In P aragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to ________.[A] areas short of electricity[B] dams without power stations[C] poor countries around India[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area53. What is the myth concerning giant dams?[A] They bring in more fertile soil.[B] They help defend the country.[C] They strengthen international ties.[D] They have universal control of the waters.54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as________.[A] “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”[B] “More haste, less speed”[C] “Look before you leap”[D] “He who laughs last laughs best”Text 2Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-eng ineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- “the worst sort of ambulance ch asing.”55. According to the author, the American economic situation is________.[A] not as good as it seems[B] at its turning point[C] much better than it seems[D] near to complete recovery56. The official statistics on productivity growth ________.[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation[C] meet the expectation of business people[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy57. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?”because ________.[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses58. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in thepassage?[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase ofproductivity.[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increaseproductivity.[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-termprofitability.[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.Text 3Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” inseveral books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘anti-science’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”59. The word “schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the contextprobably means ________.[A] confrontation[B] dissatisfaction[C] separation[D] contempt60. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to ________.[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science’s power[B] show the author’s sympathy with scientists[C] explain the way in which science develops[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities61. Which of the following is true according to the passage?[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag o thers as anti-science.[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” isjustifiable.62. The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is ________.[A] impartial[B] subjective[C] biased[D] puzzlingText 4Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people -- numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.Three sun-belt states -- Florida, Texas and California -- together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington. D.C., dropping out of the top 10.Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too -- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances—■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile.The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to morebearable climates.Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose -- and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.63. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the1980 census provided, America in 1970s ________.[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration sinceWorld War II64. The census distinguished itself from previous studies onpopulation movement in that ________.[A] it stresses the climatic influence on populationdistribution[B] it highlights the contribution of continuous waves ofimmigrants[C] it reveals the A mericans’ new pursuit of spacious living[D] it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday’s “babyboom”65. We can see from the available statistics that ________.[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in thewhole US[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were alllocated in the West[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously frommigration[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate ofpopulation66. The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probablymeans ________.[A] people infavor of the trend of democracy[B] advocates of migration between states[C] scientists engaged in the study of population[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of lifeText 5Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying thesecontinents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).67. The author believes that ________.[A] the motion of the plates corresponds to that of theearth’s interio r[B] the geological theory about drifting plates has been provedto be true[C] the hot spots and the plates move slowly in oppositedirections[D] the movement of hot spots proves the continents are movingapart68. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deducedfrom the fact that ________.[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions[B] they have been found to share certain geological features[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years[D] over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe69. The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining ________.[A] the structure of the African plates[B] the revival of dead volcanoes。
(完整word)计算机专业英语试题及答案,推荐文档
计算机专业英语试题Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分)(一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。
)(共10分，每题1分)1． operating system2．requirements analysis3． network security4． data structure5．decision support system6．relational database7．software crisis8． computer virus9．email attachment10．central processing unit ( CPU )(二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。
) (共10分，每题1分)1．数据库管理系统 2．传输控制协议3．多文档界面 4．面向对象编程5．只读存储器 6．数字视频光盘7．计算机辅助设计 8．结构化查询语言9．通用串行总线 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式（三）Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。
)(10分，每空1分)1. multimedia a. 字处理器2. software life cycle b. 交换机3. structured programming c. 多媒体4. functional testing d. 局域网5. word processor e. 结构化程序设计6. code windows f. 软件生命周期7. firewall g. 功能测试8. LAN h. 代码窗口9. hacker i. 黑客 10. switch j.防火墙1． 6. 2． 7． 3． 8. 4． 9. 5． 10.Ⅱ. Comprehension(阅读理解)（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, andchange the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
计算机专业英语考试试题及答案
计算机专业英语考试试题及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is NOT a programming language?A. JavaB. PythonC. HTMLD. CSS2. What does the acronym "SQL" stand for?A. Structured Query LanguageB. Simple Query LanguageC. Script Query LanguageD. Secure Query Language3. Which protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails?A. FTPB. HTTPC. SMTPD. TCP4. What does the term "CPU" refer to?A. Central Processing UnitB. Computer Processing UnitC. Central Program UnitD. Computer Program Unit5. Which of the following is NOT a type of network topology?A. StarB. RingC. MeshD. Scroll二、填空题1. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, which is used for ____________.2. The process of converting source code into machine code is called ____________.3. IP address stands for ____________.4. The act of copying files from a remote server to a local computer is known as ____________.5. The programming language developed by Apple Inc. for iOS and macOS is ____________.三、简答题1. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? Provide examples of programming languages that use each of these methods.2. Explain the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP) and provide an example of a programming language that utilizes this paradigm.3. Describe the client-server model and provide an example of a commonly used protocol within this model.四、论述题Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on various industries. Provide examples of how AI is being used in fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. Analyze the potential benefits and challenges of implementing AI in these industries.答案：一、选择题1. C. HTML2. A. Structured Query Language3. C. SMTP4. A. Central Processing Unit5. D. Scroll二、填空题1. creating and structuring the content of a webpage2. compilation3. Internet Protocol4. downloading5. Swift三、简答题1. A compiler translates the entire source code into machine code before the program is executed. Examples of languages that use compilers are C, C++, and Java. On the other hand, an interpreter translates and executes the source code line by line. Python and Ruby are examples of languages that use interpreters.2. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes data and functions into reusable objects. It focuses on the concept of classes and objects, allowing for code reuse and encapsulation. An example of a programming language that uses OOP is Java, where objects are instances of classes and can interact with each other through methods and attributes.3. The client-server model is a distributed computing architecture wherea server provides services or resources to multiple clients. The clients request and receive these resources through the network. An example of a commonly used protocol within this model is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used for communication between web browsers (clients) and web servers.四、论述题Artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on various industries. In healthcare, AI is being used for diagnoses and treatments, analyzing medical images, and personalized medicine. For example, AI-powered algorithms can help detect diseases like cancer at an early stage, leading to better treatment outcomes. In finance, AI is utilized for fraud detection, algorithmic trading, and customer service. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of financial data to identify patterns and make accurate predictions. In transportation, AI is being employed for autonomous vehicles, traffic management, and logistics optimization. Self-driving cars, for instance, use AI algorithms to navigate and make decisions on the road.The implementation of AI in these industries brings about many benefits, such as increased efficiency, improved accuracy, and cost savings. AI systems can process and analyze vast amounts of data much faster than humans, leading to faster and more accurate results. However, there are also challenges to consider. Privacy and security concerns arise as AI systems handle sensitive information. There is also the worry of job displacement, as AI automation may replace certain human tasks. Additionally, ethical considerations need to be addressed, such as bias in algorithms and the potential for AI to be used for malicious purposes.Overall, the impact of AI on various industries is undeniable. It has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, finance, transportation, and many other sectors. However, careful implementation and regulation are necessary to ensure its responsible and beneficial use.。
考研英语1998年真题及解析
1998年考研英语真题精解精析1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。
1998年试题题型与1997年相比难度保持一致，但总体难度较往年略有上升。
翻译部分的文章难度加大。
所要求翻译的五个句子难度相当高，如果不仔细阅读原文，结合原文进行翻译将很难获得哪怕是一分的分值。
这也是1998年考题的一个显著特点。
SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文在关于工业革命对英国人民生活的影响问题上提出了两种对立的观点。
第一段讲述了第一种观点，是大部分历史学家的看法，即工业革命的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。
第二段讲述的是另一种人普遍持有的观点，即工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困，反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。
【英汉对照】41.[A]admitted(承认)[B]believed(相信，认为)[C]claimed(宣称，声称)[D]predicted(预测)42.[A]plain(平凡的)[B]average(普通的)[C]mean(平均的，卑鄙的)[D]normal(正常的)43.[A]momentary(片刻的，瞬息的)[B]prompt(及时的，迅速的)[C]instant(效果快速的，瞬即产生的)[D]immediate(直接的，立刻的)44.[A]bulk(绝大多数)[B]host(一大群，许多)[C]gross(总额，总量)[D]magnitude(大小)45.[A]On(关于)[B]With(随着)[C]For(为了)[D]By(通过……方式)46.[A]broadly(大体上，概括地，广泛地)[B]thoroughly(彻底地)[C]generally(广泛地，通常)[D]completely(完全地，全部地)47.[A]however(然而)[B]meanwhile(同时)[C]therefore(于是)[D]moreover(进而)48.[A]at(在……点)[B]in(在……方面)[C]about(关于)[D]for(为了)49.[A]manifested(表现，证明)[B]approved(同意，批准，赞同)[C]shown(指出，显示，说明)[D]speculated(指出，显示，说明)50.[A]noted(因……而著名)[B]impressed(被……留下深刻印象)[C]labeled(被视为……)[D]marked(具有……的特征)【核心词汇】abundance[E5bQndEns]n.丰富，充裕，大量critical[5kritikE]a.批评的,评论的;危急,紧要的;临界的,吹毛求疵的，批评严厉的；判断谨慎的（crit+ical形容词后缀→批判的）historian[his5tC:riEn]n.历史学家；史学工作者（history历史+ian→历史学家）majority[mE5dVCriti]n.多数,大多数,成年,法定年龄（major主要的+ity名词后缀→多数）misery[5mizEri]n.痛苦,悲惨,不幸，悲惨的境遇，贫苦（miser+y名词后缀→可怜）industrialization[in7dQstriElai5zeiFn]n.工业化（industrial工业的+ization）poverty[5pCvEti]n.贫穷,贫困；缺少,缺乏preceding[pri(:)5si:diN]a.在前的,在先的（preced+ing形容词后缀）prosperity[prCs5periti]n.繁荣,兴旺，发达，昌盛（prosper+ity名词后缀→繁荣）specialist[5speFElIst]n.专家；专科医生（special+ist人）【超纲词汇】populace[5pCpjulEs]n.百姓,平民【常用词组】in the long run从长远来看,终究speak of谈到,讲到;显示出……【答案与详解】41.答案→A考点→上下文语义+动词词义辨析解题技巧→文章开篇指出：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution，接着第二句又谈到，in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living。
1998年考研英语真题及解析
the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population. 5
Q contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 6 agricultural
13. What is the myth concerning giant dams? [A] They bring in more fertile soil. [B] They help defend the country. [C] They strengthen international ties. [D] They have universal control of the waters.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far
学 12. In Paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to ________. [A] areas short of electricity 供 [B] dams without power stations [C] poor countries around India [D] common people in the Narmada Dam area
1998年考研英语真题答案及解析
中时间状语 in the long run 形成对照。
4.[A] bulk（of） [B] host（of） [C] gross（of） [D] magnitude（of）
[答案] A
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：修饰名词的前置短语。难度：0.28
从结构上看，空格所在名词组成 the4of 短语，并修饰不可数名词 population。首先排除 host 和 gross，host 组成
仍持批判态度。而这句话指出这种观点被普遍认为是错误的，接着下文又介绍了一种完全相反的观点。因此空格处
应是一种表转折关系的逻辑词，答案只能选 however。
8.[A] at
[B] in
[C] about [D] for
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：习惯搭配。难度：0.74
本题考查哪个介词与名词 specialist 搭配，表示"某方面的专家"。能表达这个含义的介词只有 in，如：a specialist
14. C 18.A 22.A 26.C 30.C
Part A
Part Ⅲ English-Chinese Translation
31.更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是 150 亿年前宇宙云的形 状和结构。
32.巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是 20 年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位不可缺少的。 33.天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器和球载仪器，正在越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测 结果。 34.假如这些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一种科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论， 亦称宇宙膨胀说。 35.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但是它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论产生的在科学上看来似乎可信的结 论。许多天体物理学家近十年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。
计算机专业英语试题及答案
计算机专业英语试题及答案1. 选择题1. Which of the following is not a programming language?a) Javab) HTMLc) Pythond) CSS答案: b) HTML2. Which protocol is used for sending and receiving email?a) HTTPSb) FTPc) SMTPd) DNS答案: c) SMTP3. What does the acronym CPU stand for?a) Central Processing Unitb) Computer Processing Unitc) Control Processing Unitd) Central Power Unit答案: a) Central Processing Unit4. Which programming language is commonly used for web development?a) C++b) Javac) JavaScriptd) Swift答案: c) JavaScript5. What does HTML stand for?a) Hyperlinks and Text Markup Languageb) Hyper Text Markup Languagec) Home Tool Markup Languaged) Hyper Text Modeling Language答案: b) Hyper Text Markup Language2. 填空题1. The process of converting high-level programming code into machine code is called ___________.答案: compilation2. HTTP stands for ___________ Transfer Protocol.答案: Hyper Text3. The process of testing software by executing it is called ___________.答案: debugging4. Java is an object-_____________ programming language.答案: oriented5. DNS stands for Domain Name ___________.答案: System3. 简答题1. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?答案: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol, which means it establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before transferring data. It ensures that all packets are received in the correct order and provides error checking. UDP (User Datagram Protocol), on the other hand, is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a direct connection before transmitting data. It does not guarantee packet delivery or order but is faster and more efficient for time-sensitive applications.2. What is the purpose of an operating system?答案: An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services forcomputer programs. Its primary purpose is to enable the user to interact with the computer and provide a platform for running applications. It manages memory, file systems, input/output devices, and multitasking. The OS also handles system security and resource allocation to ensure optimal performance.4. 解答题请参考下文并给出自己的解答。
1998年考研英语真题答案及精析
根据英语语法，该条件句可简略为“Had it not been...”，故 A 正确答案。B、D 分 别是现在虚拟条件句和将来虚拟条件句的省略表达形式。C 不是虚拟形式。 【举例】If you had finished your work yesterday, you would be free all right now.
B. did not need have dressed up
C. did not need dress up
D. needn’t have dressed up
1
红宝书 网址：
通用网址：红宝书
【句意】原来那只不过是一个小小的家庭聚会，我们真没有必要穿戴得那么正式。
女孩”。这才符合句子的意思，应该选 D。 【举例】The little house which we used to go to has disappeared.
She is the woman whom I talked to yesterday.
3红宝书 网址：Fra bibliotek【答案】D
【考核知识点】介词用法
【解析】根据句子的意思可知，定语从句“whom I was at school”只有加上一个介词后才能 完整；如果用“about”、“since”或“till”，则句子的时态不对，意思也不完整；只有
用“with”与“whom I was at school”一起构成定语从句，表示“和我同校学习的那名
表示某事已经做了；根据“it turned out to be(原来是)”可知，我们已经参加了那个 聚会，所以 A、C 不对；B 的表达方式明显不对，应该为“did not need to have dressed up”。即选 D。
考研英语98年真题
考研英语98年真题1998年，考研英语的真题考试是参考学科英语。
这次考试共有三个部分，包括阅读理解、词汇与结构以及写作。
这篇文章将会讨论这个真题考试的内容，并给出相关的解析和答案。
阅读理解部分：In the late 1800s, there was an abundance of resources and opportunities in America, attracting an influx of immigrants from various countries. However, as the demand for jobs and resources increased, so did the tensions between the newcomers and the existing residents.The first passage focuses on the difficulties faced by the immigrants in adapting to American society. It describes the hardships they had to endure, such as low-paying jobs and poor living conditions. The passage also highlights the discrimination and prejudice they faced from the native-born Americans.The second passage discusses the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was the first major law to restrict immigration based on nationality. It delves into the racist rhetoric used to justify this act and the impact it had on the Chinese immigrant community.The third passage explores the rise of nativism in America during this time period. It describes the fear and resentment towards immigrants and the efforts made to limit their influence. This passage sheds light on the various anti-immigrant organizations that emerged and their role in shaping immigration policies.词汇与结构部分：1. The committee reached a consensus __ the appointment of a new chairman.A) in regard to B) in favor of C) in place of D) in contrast to答案：A) in regard to2. Despite his __ efforts to study, he consistently failed to improve his grades.A) best B) constant C) utmost D) extreme答案：C) utmost3. The professor provided the students __ detailed instructions on how to complete the experiment.A) for B) with C) at D) by答案：B) with写作部分：请根据以下提示写一篇短文，词数不少于120词。
1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题真题(附带详细答案解析)
1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Until recent l y most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They1that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man. But they insisted that its 3 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population. 5 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 6 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 7 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 8 history and economics, have 9 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.1. ［A］admitted ［B］believed ［C］claimed ［D］predicted2. ［A］plain ［B］average ［C］mean ［D］normal3. ［A］momentary ［B］prompt ［C］instant ［D］immediate4. ［A］bulk ［B］host ［C］gross ［D］magnitude5. ［A］On ［B］With ［C］For ［D］By6. ［A］broadly ［B］thoroughly ［C］generally ［D］completely7. ［A］however ［B］meanwhile ［C］therefore ［D］moreover8. ［A］at ［B］in ［C］about ［D］for9. ［A］manifested ［B］approved ［C］shown ［D］speculated10. ［A］noted ［B］impressed ［C］labeled ［D］markedSection ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind‟s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn‟t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt‟s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey‟s bid for Firs t World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don‟t need a dam to be saved.11. The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that ________.[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted[C] over-excited people tend to neglect vital things[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight12. In Paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to ________.[A] areas short of electricity[B] dams without power stations[C] poor countries around India[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area13. What is the myth concerning giant dams?[A] They bring in more fertile soil.[B] They help defend the country.[C] They strengthen international ties.[D] They have universal control of the waters.14. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ________.[A] “It‟s no use crying over spilt milk”[B] “More haste, less speed”[C] “Look before you leap”[D] “He who laughs last laughs best”Text 2Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury sec retary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace -- all thatre-engineering and downsizing -- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growi ng chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO‟s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- “the worst sort of ambulance chasing.”15. According to the author, the American economic situation is ________.[A] not as good as it seems[B] at its turning point[C] much better than it seems[D] near to complete recovery16. The official statistics on productivity growth ________.[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B] fall short of businessmen‟s anticipation[C] meet the expectation of business people[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy17. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because ________.[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses18. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.Text 3Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake‟s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics -- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “anti-science” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociolog ists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science‟s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term …anti-science‟ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”19. Th e word “schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means ________.[A] confrontation[B] dissatisfaction[C] separation[D] contempt20. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to ________.[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science‟s power[B] s how the author‟s sympathy with scientists[C] explain the way in which science develops[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities21. Which of the following is true according to the passage?[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable.22. The author‟s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is ________.[A] impartial[B] subjective[C] biased[D] puzzlingText 4Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- has enthroned the South as America‟s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation‟s head counting.Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people -- numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.Three sun-belt states -- Florida, Texas and California -- together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th -- with Cleveland and Washington. D. C., dropping out of the top 10.Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too -- and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday‟s “baby boom” generation reached its child bearing years.Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances—■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile.The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other partsof the West. Often they chose -- and still are choosing -- somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.As a result, California‟s growth rat e dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent -- little more than two thirds the 1960s‟ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.23. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided,America in 1970s ________.[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War II24. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that________.[A] it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution[B] it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants[C] it reveals the Ameri cans‟ new pursuit of spacious living[D] it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday‟s “baby boom”25. We can see from the available statistics that ________.[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population26. The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means ________.[A] people in favor of the trend of democracy[B] advocates of migration between states[C] scientists engaged in the study of population[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of lifeText 5Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world‟s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth‟s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth‟s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of thehot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).27. The author believes that ________.[A] the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth‟s interior[B] the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true[C] the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions[D] the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart28. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that________.[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions[B] they have been found to share certain geological features[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years[D] over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe29. The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining ________.[A] the structure of the African plates[B] the revival of dead volcanoes[C] the mobility of the continents[D] the formation of new oceans30. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] the features of volcanic activities[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies[D] the process of the formation of volcanoesSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration‟s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn‟t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.34) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.31. ________32. ________33. ________34. ________35. ________Section V WritingDirections:[A] Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.[B] Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)[C] Your essay should meet the requirements below:1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.2. Give your commentsn.1998年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. A2. B3. D4. A5. D6. D7. A8.B9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPart APassage 111. C 12. D 13.D 14. CPassage 215.A 16.B 17.B 18.APassage 319.C 20.D 21.A 22.APassage 423.B 24.C 25.D 26.CPassage 527.B 28.B 29.C 30.CPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
计算机专业英语例题24(1993年第12题)
计算机专业英语例题24（1993年第12题）The UNIX system contains several (A) that comply with the definition of a software tool. Among them are programs that (B) and manipulate text, programs that analyze text files, and programs that format text files to produce high quality hard copy suitable for (C).One characteristic of these tools is that they operate on ordinary text (D), which means that you can read the input and output files by simply listing them on a (E).供选择的答案A∼E. terminal keyboard ●programs ❍programming⏹files☐directories ☐create ❑build ❒publication ♦painting词汇及短语Comply with: 遵守，符合；manipulate: 操作；format: 格式化；Characteristic: 特点；ordinary: 普通的。
例题分析Programs: 程序（复数）。
下一句即出现了一个programs作为提示。
Create: 创建。
考相关知识，要求知道有哪几种处理文件的程序功能。
Publication: 出版。
考相关知识，也可用排除法。
Text file: 文本文件。
考常识。
Terminal: 终端。
UNIX用户一般通过终端计算机与主机相连，考相关知识。
参考译文UNIX系统包含几个符合软件工具定义的程序。
1998年考研英语真题答案及精析
C. being told
D. to have been told
【句意】虽然弗雷德才十几岁，但他却能抵制别人叫他做这做那。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】“resist”后面一般接名词或动名词作宾语，所以选项 A、D 不对；B 的时态也不对。
应选 C。
5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.
She had a hard/difficult time finding her dog.
I had no time to go shopping.
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we
so formally.
A. needn’t dress up
2红宝书 网址：来自通用网址：红宝书表示能避免或可能避免，不符合句子的意思；D 表示避免的动作已经完成，也不
符合句子的意思；“be to do”结构可以表示将来，表示“按计划、规定、要求等将要 做的事情”。
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true
A. amending B. fitting
C. mending D. renovating
【句意】这台机器已经运转十多年了，因此需要全面检修。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】动词短语
【解析】[A] amending“修正,修改,改正,改善”指改正……的缺点或错误。[例]amend a bill/one’s way。
1998年考研外语考试真题及答案
1998年考研外语考试真题及答案一、Use of English1、Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 【B1】 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 【B2】 man. But they insisted that its 【B3】 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 【B4】 of the English population. 【B5】 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 【B6】 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 【B7】 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 【B8】 history and economics, have 【B9】 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 【B10】 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.【B1】A.admittedB.believedC.claimedD.predicted2、【B2】A．plainB．average C．meanD．normal3、【B3】A．momentary B．promptC．instant D．immediate 4、【B4】A．bulkB．hostC．grossD．magnitude 5、【B5】A．OnB．WithC．ForD．By6、【B6】A．broadlyB．thoroughly C．generally D．completely 7、【B7】A．howeverB．meanwhile C．therefore D．moreover 8、【B8】A．atB．inC．aboutD．for9、【B9】A．manifestedB．approvedC．shownD．speculated10、【B10】A．notedB．impressedC．labeledD．marked11、 I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ______ the last bus.A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.having caught12、 As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A.needn't dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn't have dressed up13、 I apologize if I ______ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD.might have offended14、 Although a teenager, Fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told15、 Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ______ avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16、 Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ______ it comes to classroomtests.A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when17、 There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter ______ he does.A.howB.whereC.whatD.when18、 I've kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ______ twenty years ago.A.aboutB.sinceC.tillD.with19、 He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______ insufficiently popular with all members.A.being consideredB.consideringC.to be consideredD.having considered20、 ______ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A．Had it not beenB．Were it notC．Be it notD．Should it not be21、 The machine needs a complete ______ since it has been in use for over ten years.A．amendingB．fittingC．mendingD．renovating22、There were many people present and he appeared only fora few seconds， so I only caught a __________of him.A.glanceB.glimpseC.lookD.sight23、 I don't think it's wise of you to ______ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.A．show upB．show outC．show inD．show off24、 The returns in the short ______ may be small, but overa number of years the investment will be well repaid.A．intervalB．rangeC．spanD．term25、 A thorough study of biology requires ______ with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.A．acquisitionB．discriminationC．curiosityD．familiarity26、 She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ______ her long effort.A．justifyB．testifyC．rectify27、 I'm very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to ______ my debt in return for certain services.A．take awayB．cut outC．write offD．clear up28、 Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great ______.A．explosionB．sensationC．exaggerationD．stimulation29、 According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post ______ no responsibility with it at all? A．shouldersB．possessesC．carriesD．shares30、 Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ______ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.B．reactionC．impressionD．comprehension31、 Please ______ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.A．restrainB．hinderC．restrictD．prohibit32、 Without telephone it would be impossible on carry on the functions of ______ every business operation in the whole country.A.practicallyB.preferablyC.preciselyD.presumably33、 Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ______ file $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.A.in proportion toB.in reply toC.in relation toD.in contrast to34、 He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will ______ at the end of this month.A．expireB．exceedC．terminateD．cease35、 All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ______ letters from their families.A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive36、 Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A．revoltB．revolveC．reverseD．revive37、 I was unaware of the critical points involved so my choicewas quite ______.A.arbitraryB.rationalC.mechanicalD.unpredictable38、 The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer ______ according to the weather.A.alteredB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified39、 The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not ______ their prospect of promotion.A．spurB．furtherC．induceD．reinforce40、 In what ______ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.A.appliesB.accountsC.attachesD.amounts41、 According to Darwin, random changes that enhance (a species') ability (for surviving) (are) naturally selected and passed on (to succeeding) generations.A.a species'B.for survivingC.areD.to succeeding42、 Neither rain nor snow (keeps) the postman from delivering our letters (which) we (so much) look forward (to receive).A.keepsB.whichC.so muchD.to receive43、 If they (will not accept) a check, we (shall have) to pay (the cash), though it (would be) much trouble for both sides.A.will not acceptB.shall haveC.the cashD.would be44、 (Having been) robbed (off) economic importance, thosestates are (not) likely to count for (very much) in international political terms.A.Having beenB.offC.notD.very much45、 The message (will be) (that) neither the market nor the government is capable of dealing with all of (their) uncontrollable (practices).A.will beB.thatC.theirD.practices46、 The logic of scientific development is (such) that (separates) groups of men working (on) the same problem in (far-scattered) laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time.A.suchB.separatesC.onD.far-scattered47、 Yet not all of these races are (intellectual inferior)to the European races, (and) some may even have (a) freshness and vitality that can renew the 9energies) of more advanced race.A.intellectual inferiorB.andC.aD.energies48、 (The) (more than) 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today are more than ample (destroying) every city in the world several times (over).A.TheB.more thanC.destroyingD.over49、 The universe works in a way so far (remove) from what common sense (would) allow (that) words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain (it).A.removeB.wouldC.thatD.it50、 The integration of independent states (could best be) brought about by (first) creating a central organization (withauthorities) over (technical) economic tasks.A.could best beB.firstC.with authoritiesD.technical参考答案：【一、Use of English】1~5ABDAD6~10DABCD11~50点击下载查看答案。
1998年高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷
1998年高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、语音辨识（每小题1分，共5分）1、【来源】 1998年高考真题第1~5题5分(每题1分)从A，B，C，D中找出其画线部分与所给单词的画线部分读音相同的选项。
例：have（C）A. gaveB. saveC.hatD.made(1) proveA. st o neB. r ou teC. st o veD. h oo k(2) anxiousA. bra n chB. co n clusionC. da n gerousD. to n gue(3) breatheA. h ea lthB. d ea fC. incr ea seD. pl ea sure(4) achieveA. resear chB. ch emistC. te ch niqueD. stoma ch(5) silverA. s i lentB. pr e ttyC. t i nyD. rej e ct二、单项选择（每小题1分，共20分）2、【来源】 1998年高考真题第6题1分2019年天津和平区高三三模第5题1分2021年上海高三高考模拟（新学业水平九）第13题3分—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?—I'm afraid day is possible.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. any3、【来源】 1998年高考真题第7题1分—You haven't been to Beijing, have you?—. How I wish to go there!A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haven'tC. No, I haveD. No, I haven't4、【来源】 1998年高考真题第8题1分2017~2018学年广东广州天河区华南师范大学附属中学高二上学期单元测试《U1-U3》选修6第17题0.5分2017~2018学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高二上学期期末天津市益中学校第30题1分2019~2020学年甘肃兰州城关区甘肃省兰州第一中学高二上学期期末第6题1分2017~2018学年江西南昌东湖区南昌市第二中学高二上学期期末第69题0.5分I hate when people talk with their mouths full.A. itB. thatC. theseD. them5、【来源】 1998年高考真题第9题1分Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that6、【来源】 1998年高考真题第10题1分—Nancy is not coming tonight.—But she!A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised7、【来源】 1998年高考真题第11题1分If I had, I'd visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.A. a long enough holidayB. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough longD. a long holiday enough8、【来源】 1998年高考真题第12题1分Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to.A. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD. go out9、【来源】 1998年高考真题第13题1分--- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.--- They be ready by 12:A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need10、【来源】 1998年高考真题第14题1分Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays.A. the bestB. moreC. betterD. the most11、【来源】 1998年高考真题第15题1分—Can I get you a cup of tea?—.A. That's very nice of youB. With pleasureC. You can, pleaseD. Thank you for the tea12、【来源】 1998年高考真题第16题1分Why do you want a new job you've got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when13、【来源】 1998年高考真题第17题1分They the train until it disappeared in the distance.A. sawB. watchedC. noticedD. observed14、【来源】 1998年高考真题第18题1分2017~2018学年广东深圳罗湖区高一下学期期末第21题1分2019~2020学年上海徐汇区上海市南洋模范中学高一上学期期末第24题2009~2010学年北京东城区高一上学期期末it with me and I'll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave15、【来源】 1998年高考真题第19题1分—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.—Oh, did you? You with Barbara.A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed16、【来源】 1998年高考真题第20题1分Shirley a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing17、【来源】 1998年高考真题第21题1分2014~2015学年北京西城区北京市第四十四中学高一下学期期中第34题You'll find this map of great in helping you to get round London.A. priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness18、【来源】 1998年高考真题第22题1分2013~2014学年北京高一上学期期中It was only when I reread this poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty.A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so19、【来源】 1998年高考真题第23题1分Cleaning women in big cities get by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay20、【来源】 1998年高考真题第24题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳盐田区深圳外国语学校高一上学期期中第59题0.5分—Hi,Tracy,you look tired.—I am tired. I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had paintedC. have been paintingD. have painted21、【来源】 1998年高考真题第25题1分2015~2016学年北京朝阳区高二上学期期中第31题1分2015~2016学年10月北京大兴区北京市大兴区黄村第二中学高二上学期月考第20题2016~2017学年广东广州天河区高一下学期期末第48题1分European football is played in 80 countries,it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make三、完形填空（每小题1分，共25分）22、【来源】 1998年高考真题第26~50题25分(每题1分)Ella Fant was a middle-aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house.She1John very much. In her2he couldn't do anything3. Every morning she would give himbreakfast4bed and bring him the papers to5. It isn't really true that he was too6to work—in fact he had tried afew7. First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to8at least six windows. Then he9 a bus conductor and on his second10 a passenger stole his bag with all the fares （车费）collected. He11lost his job aspostman12he sent off all the letters when he should have taken them to people's houses. It seemed that there was13suitable work for him. Sohe14to join the army. Mrs. Fant was so15about this that she told the16to all her neighbours. "My John is going to be a soldier, " she said. "He is going to be the best soldier there17was, I can tell you!"Then the great day came18he was to march past the palace in the parade （接受检阅的队伍）. His19mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good20in the crowd.The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his21came in sight some of the people watching22laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the others as they marched along.But Ella Fant, who was filled with23, shouted at the top of her voice: "Look at24! They're all out of25except my John! Isn't he the best!"A. depended onB. waited onC. trustedD. lovedA. hopeB. eyesC. headD. beliefsA. wrongB. greatC. goodD. strangeA. toB. atC. inD. byA. checkB. readC. keepD. signA. lazyB. youngC. weakD. shyA. onesB. yearsC. tasksD. jobsA. rubB. dropC. breakD. cleanA. followedB. MetC. becameD. foundA. dayB. tryC. routeD. chanceA. thusB. evenC. onceD. onlyA. even ifB. so thatC. becauseD. thoughA. someB. suchC. lessD. noA. beganB. promisedC. managedD. decidedA. excitedB. worriedC. anxiousD. curiousA. incidentB. changeC. newsD. matterA. yetB. everC. neverD. just .A. whereB. sinceC. whenD. tillA. proudB. kindC. strictD. luckyA. timeB. positionC. experienceD. impressionA. neighboursB. army officerC. motherD. fellow soldiersA. couldn't helpB. shouldn't burst outC. stoppedD. keptA. sadnessB. happinessC. surpriseD. regretA. themB. thoseC. thatD. himA. sightB. orderC. mindD. step四、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）23、【来源】 1998年高考真题（A篇）第51~54题8分(每题2分)Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn't easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn't exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin's work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball（化妆舞会）. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin's grand entrance for a long time!(1) The text is mainly about.A. a strange manB. an unusual partyC. how roller skating beganD. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century(2) People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he.A. often gave others surprisesB. was a gifted musicianC. invented the roller skatesD. was full of imagination(3) Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to.A. impress the party guestsB. arrive at the party soonerC. test his inventionD. show his skill in walking on wheels(4) What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?A. The roller skates needed further improvement.B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D. Merlin got himself into trouble.24、【来源】 1998年高考真题(B篇)第55~57题3分(每题1分)"As I stood in front of the grave（墓） of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together. Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow."This remark was made by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in California, U.S.A. He was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month-long "Youth Summit". The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary（周年）of President Nixon's journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U.S. relations.The Youth Surnmit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. Seventy-five American students were selected to visit China. They also visited the Nixon Library on July 21 before leaving for Beijing the next day. The head of the Library said he was pleased to see the American and Chinese students talking and laughing together.One Chinese student said, "I didn't find it particularly difficult to talk with Americans. We have our differences, but we have a lot in common. Dialogue is good for us."(1) The words "Youth Summit" refer to.A. visits to the Nixon LibraryB. the Chinese students' visit to the U.S.AC. a meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.AD. activities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students(2) The student from Shanghai thought about the time 25 years ago because it was whenNixon.A. diedB. visited ChinaC. becameD. started building the library in his name(3) The text is mainly about.A. the China-U.S. relationsB. the Nixon LibraryC. President NixonD. the Youth Summit25、【来源】 1998年高考真题（C篇）第58~60题3分(每题1分)At 9:00 Dick Spivak's bank telephoned and said his payment was late. "The check is in the post, " Dick replied quickly. At 11:45 Dick left for a 12:00 meeting across town. Arriving late, he explained that traffic（交通） had been bad. That evening, Dick's girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. "It looks just great on you, " he said.Three lies in one day! Yet Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man. Each time, he told himself that sometimes the truth causes too many problems. Most of us tell much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. How often do we tell white lies? It depends in part on our age, education, and even where we live. According to one U.S. study, women are more truthful than men, and honesty increases as we get older.While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both public and personal life. They say that people today are less honest than they were ten years ago. Although it is believed that things are getting worse, lying seems to be an age-old human problem. The French philosopher（哲学家） Vauvenarges, writing in the eighteenth century, touched on the truth when he wrote, "All men are born truthful and die liars（说谎者）."(1) When the writer says "Dick Spivak is just an ordinary man" he means.A. it is common that people tell white liesB. Dick could do nothing about bad trafficC. it is common that people delay their paymentD. Dick found it hard to deal with everyday problems(2) According to the text, most Americans.A. hate white liesB. believe white liesC. value honestyD. consider others dishonest(3) Vauvenarges' remark suggests that.A. lying is an age-old human problemB. dishonesty increases as people get olderC. people were dishonest in the 18th centuryD. it is social conditions that make people tell lies26、【来源】 1998年高考真题（D篇）第61~65题5分(每题1分)The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England.The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed or in fire power. The Bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 30 nautical miles （海里） an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable.However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down the Bismarck. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships.The battle didn't last long. The Bismarck's first torpedo（鱼雷） hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1419 men with her.But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged （损坏）. Her commander decided to run for repairs to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck's speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.For two days, every British ship in the Atlantic tried to find the Bismarck, but with no success. Finally, she was sighted by a plane from Ireland. Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her, the British fired at her from the air. The Bismarck was hit.On the morning of May 27, the last battle was fought. Four British ships fired on the Bismarck, and she was finally sunk.(1) The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean.A. to sink the HoodB. to gain control of FranceC. to cut off American supplies to BritainD. to stop British warships reaching Germany(2) Many people believed that the Bismarck could not be defeated becauseshe.A. was fast and powerfulB. had more men on boardC. was under Luetjens' commandD. had bigger guns than other ships(3) We learn from the text that on May 24.A. the British won the battle against the BismarckB. the Bismarck won the battle against the BritishC. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriouslyD. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British(4) Luetjens tried to sail to France in order to.A. have the ship repairedB. join the other GermansC. get help from the FrenchD. get away from the British(5) Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck?A. The British air strikes.B. The damage done by the Hood.C. Gunfire from the British warships.D. Luetjen's decision to run for France.27、【来源】 1998年高考真题（E篇）第66~70题5分(每题1分)As prices and building costs keep rising, the "do-it-yourself"（DIY） trend（趋势） in the U.S. continued to grow."We needed furniture（家具） for our living room, " says John Ross, "and we just didn't have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs." John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for＄280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for＄420. "I was deeply upset about it. Now I've finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself."John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a "do it-yourselfer", you can go to day classes. And for those who don't have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.(1) We can learn from the text that many newly married people.A. find it hard to pay for what they needB. have to learn to make their own furnitureC. take DIY courses run by the governmentD. seldom go to a department store to buy things(2) John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to.A. run a DIY shopB. make or repair thingsC. save time and moneyD. improve the quality of life(3) When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim.A. makes shoes in his homeB. does extra work at nightC. does his own car and home repairsD. keeps house and looks after his children(4) Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourselfer when.A. his car repairs cost too muchB. the car repair class was not helpfulC. he could not possibly do two jobsD. he had to raise the children all by himself(5) What would be the best title for the text?A. The Joy of DIYB. You Can Do It Too!C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY五、七选五（每小题1分，共5分）28、【来源】 1998年高考真题第71~75题5分(每题1分)（Mike is picking up the phone when Alice enters.）Alice: Are you phoning Linda?Mike: Yes. But how do you know?Alice:1Mike: What did they say?Alice:2Mike: What happened?Alice:3She had to go and take his place for three days. Mike: That's too bad.Alice:4Mike: You see, I had arranged（安排） for us to have dinner with a friend tonight. Alice:5Mike: Sure, why not?A. Isn't she your girlfriend?B. They said she had left for London.C. What's the problem?D. Her office left you a message.E. Why not invite me, then?F. They said they had phoned Linda.G. The manager at their office had suddenly fallen ill.六、单词拼写（每小题1分，共10分）29、【来源】 1998年高考真题第76题1分I'll go and see you next（星期六）.30、【来源】 1998年高考真题第77题1分Bill has a large collection of（外国） stamps.31、【来源】 1998年高考真题第78题1分Do you think（游泳）is allowed in the canal?32、【来源】 1998年高考真题第79题1分The book is（翻译）from Russian.33、【来源】 1998年高考真题第80题1分2019~2020学年高一上学期单元测试第72题All countries, big or small, should be（平等）.34、【来源】 1998年高考真题第81题1分They're busy（准备）to go on holiday.35、【来源】 1998年高考真题第82题1分Don't be frightened by television camera. Just speak（自然地）.36、【来源】 1998年高考真题第83题1分What will the（天气）be like tomorrow?37、【来源】 1998年高考真题第84题1分Their office is on the（第九）floor.38、【来源】 1998年高考真题第85题1分A fence at the back of the garden（分开）us from the neighbours.七、短文改错（每小题1.5分，共15分）39、【来源】 1998年高考真题第86~95题15分(分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分,1.5分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
上海交通大学1998年计算机原理与系统结构专业课考研真题试卷
上海交通大学1998年计算机原理与系统结构专业课考研真题试卷一、填空题1、设X＝-69，字长n=8（含一位符号位），则X的原码为___，X 的补码为____，X的移码为____。
x=0.0101,y=-0.1001,n=5,则x-y的补码为___，操作后状态寄存器中z=______,V=_____,N=_____.2、一个纠错的全部码字为0000000000,0000011111,1111100000,1111111111，它的海明距离为___，可纠正___个错误，如果出现了码字010*******,应纠正为____。
3、在总线裁决中，有串行链接式，____和____三种方式。
4、磁盘存储器的磁记录方式有归零制、____、____和_____等。
5、计算机性能的统计方式常用算术平均、____和____三种计算方法。
6、计算机的计算模型有控制驱动、____、___和____四种类型。
二、名词解释，解释下列名词，从词意、用途、原理及特征方面说明。
（10分）1、相联存储器2、基准测试程序3、VLIW4、软件流水5、伯恩斯坦准则三、计算题1、已知x和y的二进制值为x=0101,y=0110,用布斯乘法计算[x*y]补。
（6分）2、设浮点数的格式为：第15位：符号位。
第14位到第8位：阶码，采用补码表示；第7位到第0位:尾数，与符号位一起采用规格化的补码表示，基数为2，问：（1）它能表示的数值范围是什么？（2）它能表示的最接近于0的正数和负数分别是什么？（3）它共能表示多少个数值？请用十进制数2的幂次表示。
（6分）3、某计算机有10条指4、令，5、它们的使用频率分别为0.35,0.20,0.11,0.09,0.08,0.07,0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01试用霍6、夫曼编码对它们的操作码进行编码，7、并计算平均代码长度。
（6分）8、对于累加器型、堆栈型、M－9、M型R－10、R型指11、令系统，12、用汇编语言写出x=A+B*C操作的代码序列，13、对每一种代码序列，14、计算其执行时从存储器读取指15、令的字节数和数据存取的字节数。
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计算机专业英语
例题13（1998年第12题）
You should be (A) of developing your program, using something better than the method that uses the philosophy: write (B) down and then try to get it working. Surprisingly, this method is wide used to day with result that an average programmer on an average job (C) out only between five to ten lines of correct code per day. We hope your (D) will be greater. But to improve requires that you apply some discipline to the (E) of creating programs.
供选择的答案
A. available capable ●useful ❍valuable
B. anything nothing ●something ❍thing
C. does looks ●turns ❍runs
D. activity code ●productivity ❍program
E. process experience ●habit ❍idea
词汇及短语
Philosophy：哲学；Surprisingly：令人惊讶地；
require：要求、需求。
例题分析
Be capable of：能够。
而available（可用的）、useful（有用的）、valuable（有价值的）与后面的“程序开发”搭配都显得不合适。
Something：一些东西。
由于后面有it，表明已经写下了实际的内容，用nothing（没有东西）不合适。
而用thing（东西）和anything （任何东西）都显得太宽泛。
Turn out：结果表明。
和前面result（结果）照应。
Productivity：生产效率。
尽管是说的编程工作，但program和code 都不适合与greater（更大地）搭配。
Process：过程。
这里显然是强调编程过程中对规则的运用。
参考译文
你应当能够用比用哲学方法更好的手段来开发你的程序：写下一些东西然后试着让它们正确运行。
令人惊讶的是，这种今天广为使用的方法带来的后果是，平均每个普通的程序员每天只能写5到10行正确的代码。
我们希望你的产出效率更高，但这更进一步地要求你在写程序的时候要遵守某些原则。
例题答案：A. B. ● C. ● D. ● E.。