研究生多维教程熟谙-课文翻译及课后练习答案全本

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多维教程熟谙课后题答案

多维教程熟谙课后题答案

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研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

***战争带来难民潮时,我们的同情心,我们富于分析的智慧都不再多为教程-英语翻译(第二册)Unit1 从能力到责任1当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全受缚于地图上的政治分界线。

我们开始知道,饥荒和人权已如同武器\条约一样,对人类团结起着决定性的影响。

最令人担心的是,蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。

这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。

保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有11然而,在研究中,我们发现了一个极其令人担忧的问题:所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

2最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:大学校园对诸如此类的社会常识极端缺乏了解,有时,校园甚至弥漫着一种对世事的冷漠与不关心的氛围。

当难民如潮水一般从一个国家涌入到另外一个国家时,我们却只有极少数学生能在地图上指出这些难民潮的流向,或是谈论起导致难民潮泛滥而起的饥荒、战争和贫穷等世事。

世界各地的哲学家、政治家、发明家和艺术家的丰功伟绩丰富了我们的生活,但他们本人及其贡献却时常不为人知,或是被世人遗忘在角落里。

12虽然有一些学生已具备了放眼全球的视角,然而,大多数“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生——尽管他们对世事的关注忽隐忽现,却对他们赖以生存\相互依赖的世界缺乏足够的了解。

学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译及课后练习参考答案

研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译及课后练习参考答案

Unit3 美国人的酷爱我父亲是别克人。

在经济大萧条以前,他本是史达兹人。

然而,就像成千上万经济状况处于上升阶段的有车族一样,那场可悲的经济逆转使他们非得调整对汽车的胃口不可。

到他死的时候,他开过的那些别克轿车就不只是普通意义上的交通工具了,而且将父亲定位于这样的社会阶层——比庞蒂亚克人富有,但比不上克迪拉克人。

拥有别克轿车让人一看便知父亲的社会地位。

与别克人相当的还有福特人和克莱斯勒人。

我们美国人与汽车的特殊缘分,其坚实的基础就在于对一种轿车品牌的忠诚,这种忠诚因其来之不易而倍受珍惜。

·这就是爱吗?也许用词过分,可美国人对这些机器的尊重甚过所有其他机器——不仅将它们视为20世纪雕塑大观中的标志,而且还将它们视为社会的护身符。

我记忆中的第一辆别克车是一辆闪闪发亮的黑色轿车,椅子的衬垫是厚厚的马海毛,离合器拉杆是新式的。

我父亲爱吹嘘说这辆车一小时能跑120英里。

一想到这样的速度就会令男人们兴奋不已。

我照着家里的菲尔可牌收音机盒里播出的格林,霍利特驾驶的那个神秘机器的名字,给这头漂亮的牲口取了个名副其实的绰号——黑美驹。

20世纪中,电话、电视或者个人电脑,这一切都使人类环境发生了巨大变化。

然而,与电话、电视、电脑不同的是,汽车却享有人格化的地位。

有些汽车可以成为家庭成员,机械宠物。

我们给汽车起名字,在自己·家的车道上精心打扮汽车,在汽车不能满足我们的需要时诅咒它们。

在折旧换新之时为旧车的离去而悲哀。

人们对汽车的热爱让环境保护者、安全为重的倡导者以及社会工程师们感到不安。

他们认为通往人间天堂的道路应该到处都铺设公交运输所必备的发亮轨道。

他们想象着我们加入未来拥挤不堪的自行车行列,而不是像一位激动不已的评论家所预见的那样,坐在“傲慢的双轮马车”方向盘后。

这种态度不是现在才有的。

首先是铁路,接着是汽车造成的人口流动早已使得守旧的特权阶层感到不安。

在战场上有过辉煌,但却以鄙视下层民众而出名的威林顿公爵在150年前就曾反对英国发展铁路,这是因为火车只会怂恿普通人毫无意义地到处走动。

多维教程·熟谙 课文翻译(1-5)

多维教程·熟谙 课文翻译(1-5)

Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

-----如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。

(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)

(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)

Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

多为教程-英语翻译(第二册)Unit1 从能力到责任1当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

2最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?3毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?4核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

5类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译

研究生英语系列教程多维教程熟谙正文翻译

Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译

Unit1 从能力到责任1当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

2最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?3毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?4核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

5类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。

多维教程·熟谙_课文翻译(1-5)

多维教程·熟谙_课文翻译(1-5)

Unit2 家庭企业:下一代的前景1美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。

在今后的20年里,估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。

2大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。

但是很多情况下,财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。

事实上,多数的交接工作将会失败。

一般来说,只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。

一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。

3在下—个十年里,数以千计的家庭企业,其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。

糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。

然而,很多企业已为时太晚了。

一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年,三年甚至是五年进行的。

确切地说,一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。

4无论规模的大小,技术的高低或名气是否响亮,每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。

但是无论怎样不同,在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前,以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。

计划你的交接管理机构5业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。

他们往往擅长多种技能。

在很多情况下,他们既是生产专家,又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。

要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。

因此,家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。

参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。

然后,对它们进行比较。

各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。

6以朱蒂为例。

朱蒂拥有一家软件公司,她共有三个孩子:一个是电脑天才,一个是赛车手,还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。

另外,朱蒂有一个强有力的管理队伍。

根据她的情况,她应该考虑把公司的所有权移交给她的孩子们,但是依然让她的管理队伍来经营公司。

7在家庭内或家庭外物色适当人选担任这些职位是不容易的,或者说不是一夜之间可以敲定的。

因此,提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的,以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案完整版

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案完整版

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】B o o k I IUnit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1.A. Judging from2.B. in which3.C. and4.D. believe5.A. is one of/ is that of6.B. must get7.C. likely8.D. unemployed 9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simplerE.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自挑战由此引起的反应。

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

.. .. .. Book II 10. is boundedUnit 1 C.A. 1. incompetent1. assess2. indulgence2. alliance3. migrants3. outcome4. probes4. ethical5. complex5. identity6. suspense; engaged6. ambiguous7. compassionate; committed7. tolerable 8. tolerant8. participates 9. tempted9. pursuit 10. interconnected10. constructive D.B. 1. A. Judging from1. at stake2. B. in which2. were obliged3. C. and3. the climate of4. D. believe4. feel well-equipped5. A. is one of/ is that of5. beyond my grasp6. B. must get6. cut back7. C. likely7. other than 8. D. unemployed8. rise above 9. C. as well as/ and9. care about 10. B. simpler..E.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecation ....Key to the translation from English toChinese:1.德 .汤说过,全部进步,全部发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反响。

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

Book IIUnit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about 10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simplerE.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecation Key to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译(1)

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译(1)

研究生英语_多维教程熟谙-课文翻译(1)Unit7 野心的优点野心是罗夏墨迹测验的字眼之一:给它下个定义你立刻就流露出你很多的内心世界。

即使是最中立的著作,韦伯斯特的字典,新大学版第七版,也暴露出自己的观点,将“ambition”首先定义为:“追求官阶、名誉或权势的强烈欲望。

”于是乎“ardent”这个词直接承受一种压力,与褒义和恒心不再不相称,而官阶、名誉和权势至少受到百年猛烈的抨击。

毕竟是有人热衷于为民谋福利;为减轻民众的痛苦而奔走,为开发民智而雄心万丈,尽管有人说这些恰巧是野心勃勃的人,绝大多数不可信任。

毫无疑问,雄心大志期望的是荣耀、财富、爱情、名气、成就、享乐、完美。

当然,命运怎样对待我们的理想和期待不可预料。

有些梦想,始于大公无私的初衷,其结果是积怨结仇;有的梦想,起先纯粹是出干自谋私利,但到头来却称善于人梦想结果的不可预见性决不是停止梦想的理由。

诚然,说到野心,即使并不掺杂超过敢于向上爬这样目的的纯粹事情,也不会让人感到前程似锦。

如同酒鬼之嗜酒,执着的人怀有野心——使它声名狼藉。

就像嗜酒如命一样,野心也总是欲壑难填。

有些人不能控制野心;给他人带来灾难,这就不单单是野心人的问题。

虽然如此,这当中似乎没有一点充分的理由将野心驱逐到见不得人的暗处。

在人们数落野心的种种不是时,野心能坏到什么极至呢?兹列一份略带偏见的清单:首先,野心常常反社会,如今确实风光不再,它属于个人主义比今天更受重视和有用的年代。

具有强烈野心的人无视集体利益:与社会离心离德,惟我独尊,我行我素。

个人主义与个人野心紧密相连。

心怀野心的人,完全不把自己和自己的命运与团体等同起来,只想出人头地。

具有野心的男人或女人将世界视为战场:竞争是他们最重要的情感:世界提供了为数有限的奖项,他们也坚决要去摘取自己的桂冠。

进一步说,野心就是狡诈;它能劝服心怀此胎的人相信,他们为自己所做的事情对每个人都有好处——满足他们的私欲对国家最为有利。

研究生多维英语系列熟谙课后习题部分及答案(UNIT1-UNIT6)

研究生多维英语系列熟谙课后习题部分及答案(UNIT1-UNIT6)

研究生多维英语系列熟谙课后习题部分及答案(UNIT1-UNIT6)UNIT 1A1. Governor Rockefeller was shocked by what happened and appointed a committee to assess the responsibility.2. Oliver Barrett IV and Jennifer started talking about marriage, thinking they were made for each other .But as a banker and a squeamish(太讲究规矩)parent, Oliver Barrett III refused to give his blessing to the proposed alliance .3. One outcome of the rapid advance of technology is the breakdown of the traditional division of labor between the sexes.4. Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people.But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high premium on honesty.5. Arthur is captured and visited by Montanelli. Arthur reveals his i dentity to Montanelli, who is delighted to find that he is still alive.6. The wording of the agreement is ambiguous .so both interpretations are valid.7. A lot of the summer jobs available here are only tolerable if you’re young and don’t mind working hard.8. She is isolated from the general problems of society and never participates in any of our discussion.9. The government is selling off the railways, in pursuit of its policy of privatization.10. She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive ---I learned a lot from her.B1. The race was her last chance to win a place in the national team so everything was at stake.2. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.3. The government needs to find out what the climate of opinion is before it introduces any further changes in the health service.4. Not being a specialist in the subject I don’t feel well-equipped to answer such questions.5. I have failed to pass the examinations again and again. Why is success always beyond my grasp .6. They were forced to cut back production for lack of raw materials.7. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.8. A woman who can rise above such disadvantages is clearly exceptional.9. They only care about themselves and the accumulation of their wealth.10. Britain is bounded in the south by the English Channel and Canada bounds the United States on thenorth.C1. I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry—two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent .2. If the hitch-hiker in the US will remember that he is seeking the indulgence of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, and not to goto sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of the American of the West.3. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and where the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people traveled from great distances to observe them.4. One question that was solemnly studied in all three probes concerned the action of the referee – Did he act in time to stop the fight?5. The human brain is the most delicate and complex mechanism in all creation and it has a lacework of millions of highly fragile nerve connections.6. Telephone may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call the doesn’t come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged .7. Winners care about the world and its peoples. They are not isolated from the general problems of society. They are concerned. compassionate and committed to improving the quality of life.8. There’s general feeling that the president has been to tolerant of corruption.9. “Did you apply for that job?”—“Well, I was very tempted but in the end I decided not to.”10. The problems of poverty. homelessness and unemployment are all interconnected .EWhen today’s high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduation, most say that they intend to get bachelor’s degree. They have been told that their generationhas only”one way to win”–by getting at least a bachelor’s degree, in the hope that it will eventually lead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, 85per cent of the respondents said they planned to get bachelor’s degree. And, although 20 years ago only 45 per cent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 per cent actually matriculate (注册), with the majority enrolling in four-year or two-year programs designed to allow them transfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration. But our research suggests that, instead, it may be cause for national concern. Why? because for many young people, the “one way to win”paradigm(例子)is not attending , given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn as bachelor’s degree if they enroll in college. The cost of such failure -- in both dollars and unmet expectations– is rising and beginning to erode public confidence in our system of higher education.UNIT2A1. viability h. workability2. dynamic i. full of vigor3. interim a. transitional4. legacy e. anything received from an ancestor5. retain k. continue to have6. demise n. end7. assume l. undertake8. assure g. make certain9. liquidity d. quality of being changed from assets into cash10. highlight c. draw attention toB1. No matter how good a company is, it is the market’s perception that counts.2. Chief executives are given responsibility and authority and then expected to act independently.3. A number of studies have indicated that effective leadership can make a difference in organizational performance.4. The Internet boom is creating new opportunities for marketing , advertising, and design experts.5. Company leaders can’t expect too severe punishment if their strategies fail to deliver.6. If the company’s financial health is good and its assets sufficient, it can create capital by voting to issue additional shares of common stock.7. It is said that the frequent transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.8. The word dilemma is used to indicate that the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effects.9. Rivalry in business is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest personregardless of his or her social class background.10. The government provides employment and training services for workers, and compensation for those who are temporarily out of work.11. Bely is a whiz at football; he attracts fans of all ages and all races.12. These original documents are invaluable to the companyand they should be well preserved.C1. a. The board of directors required that Mr. Brown Justify buying expensive equipment at a time when the company was practicing strict economy.b. The outgoing flow of skills is not the only justification for the failure of the factory.c. Can you prove that your radical actions against them were justifiable ?d. The tourists were justifiably angry about the treatment they had received on the journey.e. I do think that the general manager was quite justified in dismissing his secretary.2. a. The army made a strategic withdrawal and then launched a counterattack against its enemy.b. Asking a management theorist to define strategy is rather like asking a philosopher to define truth.c. Strategics/Strategy is a required course in military academy.d. Can you name some of the internationally famous military strategists?e. By order of the corps commander, the staff officers strategized the military manoeuvre.f. It was not until the war broke out that they realized that the islands were strategically important.3. a. Those who have an advanced university degree or equivalent professional qualifications in the fields of finance banking and business administration are given priority.b. By improving the quality of its products and developing new designs, the firm finally overcame its financial troubles.c. The orphanage received an appreciable contribution froma wealthy German financier .d. Western governments need to reconsider their pledge to finance new reactors for the Ukraine in return for the closure of the Chernobyl power plant.e. Financially ,the joint venture was not as successful as people had expected.4. a. Joan feels resentful that almost every colleague remains indifferent to her pleading.b. He obviously resents us and I had presumed it was the English he hated.c. She harbored a deep resentment towards her employer for having denied her a promotion.d. Mr White says resentfully that his wife has spoiled their son by giving him too much money.5. a. Only the conductor can perceive the slightest variation from true pitch in each instrument.b. Many investors had a clear perception of the grave situation in the gulf area and soon decided not to start new projects there.c. The fine shades of color in the painting are hardly perceptible.d. He made a very perceptive comment on campaigns needed to combat juvenile delinquency.e. The commission agent declared that this sample was perceptibly different from the goods supplied.6. a. The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.b. The factory may seek to diversify its products to sell in different markets.c. I think diversity of opinions makes for an interestingdiscussion.d. Earnings were not affected by the decline because of the company’s recent diversification into ot her lines.e. The band is going to give a diversified musical program ranging from classical to modern.7. a. Should war break out, innumerous works of art, historical monuments and priceless historical records would be ruthlessly destroyed.b. The destructive tornado resulted in great loss of life and property.C. The destruction cause by the earthquake left thousands of people homeless.d. A destructionist is one who delights in or advocates devastation.e. The navy, in the sea warfare, only sent two destroyers because there were no larger ships ready.f. Have you learnt how to distinguish destroying angel from mushroom?g. As reported in the magazine, Schwarzernegger, a Hollywood star, has become weak and destructible because of his illness.8. a. No manufacturer does not wish to develop its domestic and foreign markets.b. Contaminated foods are not marketable; they provide more damage than nutrition.c. The car dealer markets his cars at competitive prices.d. Mr. Swafford has been appointed as the marketing director of the firm.e. The company is a big marketer specializing in gasoline.9. a. Sound policies and favorable environments are essentialto the economic prosperity of any county.b. He tells me that his farm is prospering through good management and an absence of calamities.c. Nepal, an agricultural country, has entered into a prosperous period of industrial growth.d. The cherry-trees along the riverbank are growing marketer; they are bound to bear fruit this year.10. a. English is derived in the main from the common Germanic stock.b. Mr. Olin King is really a workaholic; he must derive much pleasure from his work.c. In my opinion, what he set up was nothing but a derivative theory lacking originality.d. Knowledge of investment and financial markets including derivatives would be advantageous, while excellent communication and influencing skills are essential.EA small family-owned company, Eisai, was one of the original manufacturers of vitamin E, and it maintained a strong research commitment to natural pharmaceuticals. Over the years, it developed drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases. The company experienced steady. Modest growth, and in 1992 sales reached 197 billion yen and profits approached 13 billion yen. Although it was the sixth-largest Japanese pharmaceutical company. Eisai was a relatively small player in an industry in which global competition was increasing while growth in the domestic market was slowing down.In 1993, Haruo Naito took over as president from his father. Before that, he had chaired Eisai’s five-year strategic planningcommittee. During that time, he had become convinced that the company’s focus on the discovery and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not sustainable for long-term growth against large, global competitors. Two years after becoming president, Naito formulated a radical new vision for Eisai that he called Human Health Care. It extended the company’s focus from manufacturing drug treatments for specific illness to improving the overall quality of life. To accomplish that mission. Eisai developed a wide array of new products. And that, In turn, would require broad involvement and commitment. He encouraged innovative activity and created an environment in w hich employees’efforts would be accepted and rewarded. Soon there were proposals for 130 additional HHC projects and by the end of 1996. 73 projects were under way. Now, the company has moved from sixth to fifth place in the Japanese domestic pharmaceutica l industry, and Eisai’s customers and competitors view the company as a leader in health care.UNIT 3A1. pick up d. increase in speed2. toll f. total number of death3. electrify j. make sb very excited and surprised4. sprawl a. spread the limbs about5. legitimate i. acceptable, valid6. transit h. the act of passing across7. implement g. carry out; get done8. accommodate e. adapt9. landscape c. a view of scenery on land10. mobility b. easy movement to a different job1. Unlike Japanese workers, American employees haveexperienced great job mobility.2. The nation’s highway death toll has increased every year since the invention of the automobile.3. We must update our knowledge and accommodate ourselves to the changing world.4. From the church tower. people can enjoy a very beautiful landscape formed by the two hills and the valley.5. He was reading contentedly with his legs sprawled over the arm of the couch.6. You know yourself better than anyone else; do not undertake that project unless you can implement it.7. Sickness is a legitimate reason for a child’s being absent from school.8. It snowed last night and transit across the icy bridge is so dangerous that the bridge has to be closed for the time being.9. Some railroads once run by steam are now electrified to reduce the pollution and accelerate the speed of railroad transportation.10. People who must drive a lot know the big difference gasoline can make in pick up economy and smooth operation.B1. Hotels and restaurants are an Integral part of the city; without them, the city’s tourist industry could not exist.2. Customers will come back, later in life, when they are better off and want to buy more expensive things.3. One of the most impressive projects he has seen in Pudong is the sprawling airport.4. Mexico City is at an elevation of 7,300 feet; three million vehicles clog its streets and in the thin air; engines release twice as many emissions as they would at sea level.5. By 1988 roughly the same large proportion of blacks as of whites lived in metropolitan areas.6. Heavy floods caused by deforestation have recently led Thailand to ban all logging even though the country depends on timber and its products as an important source of employment and foreign exchange.7. People in the middle class or higher, whether they live in developed or less developed countries, are mostly urban, and they are on the move by car incessantly—as commuters, as vacationers.8. No matter how often we reminded our children, they never cleaned their rooms; the clutter in the room became so bad that we couldn’t even open their door.9. Our university canteen is large enough to accommodate all the students and teaching staff.10. During the Second World War. Many Jewish people in Germany were displaced and murdered.C1. The programs to teach young children enabling skills are now being advocated from coast to coast.(全国各地)2. There can be but little doubt that his ancestors where the great unwashed. (下层民众)3. Many people still revere their late premier though he passed away many years ago.4. There are some legitimate reasons for some scientists to denounce the practice of cloning.5. When Lincoln got his Christmas gift, a video game, he tore up the box to get to the cartridge and popped it into the game machine immediately.6. Short of the President himself, probably on one could haveconvinced people of the feasibility of hiswelfare programs.7. Sumo wrestlers are noted for their strength, while fencers, for their nimbleness.8. He bought a bicycle and started to ride to work as he could no longer put up with the constriction of movement in the packed bus.9. The judge pronounced that the accused man was guilty of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment.10. Until a relatively short time ago, traveling abroad was limited to people who were well off or prosperous business people.EToday it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move America through work and pay. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake .Each year more wheels crowd the highways a 10million new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six Americans works at assembling cars. Driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas, America without cars? It’s unthinkable.But even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life would be like without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion, Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine burns hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. Thesegases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are crying to do.But building a clean car is easier said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and electricity. But most of u s won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.UNIT 4A1. a. On a large national scale where the government becomes involved, cooperation is seen as coercive and destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.b. Political opponents were put into camps during the war and coerced into force labor.2. a. The preoccupation of millions of Americans with status is said to have intensified social stratification in the country.b. The president has been preoccupied with the suffering of the victims since the damaging tornado.3. a. Most surveys find that people are reluctant to place themselves at either the top or the bottom of the social ladder.b. Johnson had a reluctance to agree to their conditions, but he didn’t really have much choice.4. a. Tom changed from a friendly boy into a confused an moody adolescent.b. As children enter adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do what they please, and make decisions without parental interference.5. a. The law organized protests and, by implication of opposition.b. What the boss has just said contains implicit approval of your work.6. a. Marriage can be threatened by children who arouse ambivalent between the parents in a variety of ways.b. There are many people, myself among the number, who have a somewhat adolesecnce attitude toward producing off spring.7. a. Both the couple should be responsible for emotional maintenance of the marriage and for raising the children and running the household.b. I’m inclined to share your doubt in regard to the maintainability of the relationship between Dr.Helen Kaplan and her husband.8. a. Young people today are more concerned with self-fulfilment and preserving privacy than those were in 1960s.b. Although party officials give the President their public support, many are saying in private that he may have to resign.9. a. Feelings of patriotism are expressed more clearly an d freely now, but there is little enthusiasm fora return to military conscription during peacetime.b. The exhibition will be of interest to vintage car owners and other motoring enthusiasts.10. a. Drug users develop a tolerance for some drugs, that isthey have to take steadily increasing amounts to achieve a given level of effect.b. What these people want is a tolerable existence—more food, better shelter and peace.11. a. According to the statisticians, the estimated number of people afflicted by hunger and malnutrition is about 500 million.b. We spend more on health care than any other nation in the world, yet statistically show that we are not the world’s healthiest nation.12. a. Language makes rational thought possible and enables us to reason, to draw logical conclusions from the evidence of our senses, and to generalize from one event to another.b. It’s unbelievable that Mary, a teenage girl, has learnt to view things with cold rationality.B1. The traditional family with only the husband working can be found most often during the earlier years of marriage when children are being born and cared for.2. The first thing to do in seeking a position is to determine exactly what you want to do, not in terms of a vague objective but with a definite goal.3. Sociologists will manage to find out what lies behind the violence that occurs among affluent families.4. The Rev. Septimus Harding?—Yes, it rings a bell.He’s a character in some novel. I believe, but I can’t remem ber which one.5. Energy shortage, soaring inflation, rampant unemployment and the threat of war have made adult Americans nervous, and that sense of pervasive worry has been passed on to the nation’s youth.6. The idea of trying to cheat the income tax authorities went against his principles; he had a strong sense of civic responsibility.7. Football fans began lining up early in the morning at the box office to buy cup-tie tickets.8. The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping T om from chiming on the proposal.9. If anyone can think of better course of action, I am open to suggestions.10 . School children brought up in a Western heritage do not know about Shamba Bolongogo.DChildren are now leaving home in late adolescence –an earlier age than in the past. Adolescents are no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family. In fact , their major economic impact is as consumers, Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do families have fewer children but theyhave them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.The most surprising finding with regard to children show a negative impact on marriage due to children. There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict an d uncertainty in a marriage. Studies show that general life satisfaction is highest for People when they are young, married, and childless. Other studies show that American couples with children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction thanthose without children. For both men and women, reports of happiness and satisfaction Drop--and don’t rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest. UNIT 5 A1. You are looking a bit fragile this morning; you must have had too much alcohol last night. A. weak2. As she is allergic to eggs, she cannot eat one without breaking into a rash. B. sensitive3. She still looks weak though her fever subsided after she took some medicine. C. came down4. Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in 1965. D. worsen5. Economic activity has been organized on the assumption of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20th century until early the 21st century. B. premise6. Amid the usual sound and fury, the main point may be lost; are the level and structure of pay producing the kind of teachers the country needs? A. In7. The government gave money to people to help buy homes outside of the cities. This system of subsidized housing caused many people to leave urban areas. D. aided8. The farm ministers from European countries scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxeboug in hopes of easing the worldwide ”mad cow” panic. B. fear9. In one secne of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying desperately to keep in time with a rapid assembly line. D. hopelessly10. Owing to an acute lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housingissue. B. grave11. The idea that machines could be made to fly seemed fantastic two hundred years ago. C. eccentric B1. His education in business school has set him up to step into any kind of business and run it.2. She advised John, ”You should not let your child study ina foreign country; she would n’t fit in there.”3. The young lecturer is popular with his students and every student is thankful for his assistance in their studies.4. With the possibility of redundancy in their minds, middle-aged workers have to work harder to hold down their jobs.5. Transnational corporations usually enjoy a wide reputation for fair dealing which they have built up over many years.6. He very much appreciated his chance to study here because of what he had gone through in his childhood.7. Owing to the fact that each family has only one child, the responsibility of looking after the elderly will heavily weigh heavily on the “only child” generation.8. We hoped that trust would be built up among those four parties but it doesn’t seem to be working out that way.9. The ruling party still won the general election although quite a few members had broken away from the Party.10. Failing in the university entrance examination was bad enough, but even worse was the feeling thatI had let my parents down.DIn the world’s rich countries, when you retire at 65 you can expect to live, on average, for another15 or 20 years. A hundred years ago you would, on average, have been already dead. The late 20th century has brought tomany the ultimate gift; the luxury of aging. But like any luxury, aging is expensive .Governments are fretting about the cost already; but they also know that far worse is to come; Over the next 30 or 40 years, the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer births will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for paying for and looking after older people.In 1990 18%of people in OECD countries were aged over 60. By 2030 that figure will have risen to over 30%. The share of the “Oldest old” (those over 80) . Now around 3%, is set to double. The vast majority of these older people will be consumers, not producers. Thanks to state transfers, being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being poor. The old people will expect decent pensions to live on; they will make heavy demands on medical services; and some will need expensive nursing care. Yet while their numbers are expanding fast, numbers of people at work-who will have to foot the bill-will stay much the same,so each worker will have to carry a much heavier burden.Mass survival to a ripe old age will not be confined to rich countries. Most developing countries, whose populations are now much younger than the developed world’s are starting to age fast.UNIT 6A1. simplicity(朴素) complexity (复杂)2. domestic(驯养的) wild (野生的)3. deficiency(不足的) surplus (过剩的)4. partially(偏袒地) indifferently (漠不关心地)5. heavenly(神圣的) earthly (沉思的)。

研究生多维教程熟谙-翻译

研究生多维教程熟谙-翻译

多为教程-英语翻译(第二册)Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案

***Book II2. graduationUnit 1 3. intendA. 4. getting1. assess 5. eventually2. alliance 6. survey3. outcome 7. although4. ethical 8. graduates5. identity 9. transfer6. ambiguous 10. rise7. tolerable 11. attending8. participates 12. instead9. pursuit 13. cause10. constructive 14. becauseB. 15. attending1. at stake 16. below2. were obliged 17. failure3. the climate of 18. expectations4. feel well-equipped 19. confidence5. beyond my grasp 20. education6. cut backKey to the translation from English to Chinese: 7. other than8. rise above1.德.汤说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起9. care about的反应。

没有挑战就没有反应,没有发展,没有自由。

所10. is bounded以,我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们C.开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。

1. incompetent2. indulgence2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有3. migrants失败的权力。

德.纽伊写道:“不仅是一种特权,也是一种4. probes考验。

”如果没有人可以失败,那它算什么考验,算什么5. complex自由呢?美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管6. suspense; engaged其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已7. compassionate; committed经一去不复返了。

研究生英语系列教材·多维教程·熟谙 课后参考答案(含翻译)

研究生英语系列教材·多维教程·熟谙 课后参考答案(含翻译)
Book II
Unit 1
A.
1. assess
2. alliance
3. outcome
4. ethical
5. identity
6. ambiguous
7. tolerable
8. participates
9. pursuit
10. constructive
B.
1. at stake
2. were obliged
Key to the translation from Chinese to English:
1. Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.
students not only acquire a sold basic education and
perceptibly
become competent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.
3. the climate of
4. feel well-equipped
5. beyond my grasp
6. cut back
7. other than
8. rise above
9. care about
10. is bounded
C.
1. incompetent
2. indulgence 3. migrants 4. probes 5. complex
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课文全文翻译Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。

他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西:追求安全保障,追逐物质财富的积累。

年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为,但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。

处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段,他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在,寻找生活的意义。

一如芸芸众生的我们,他们也陷入了两难的境地。

一方面,他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义,而另一方面,他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑,陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。

最终而言,大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。

尼布尔曾经写道:“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任,他才能够认识到自身的潜力。

一个人如果一味地以自我为中心,他将会失去自我。

”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省,使学生超越以自我为中心的观念,以诚相待,服务社会。

在这一个竞争激烈\残酷的社会,人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明,,甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争,这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力,如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问,大学生应该履行公民的义务。

美国的教育必须立刻采取行动,使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。

那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。

所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。

设想,怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题,而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。

类似的一头雾水的感觉,公众曾经尝试过。

当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时,那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语,曾让公众一筹莫展。

像地方的区域规划,学校种族隔离制的废除,排水系统的问题,公共交通的治理,以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情,现在也需要专家采解决。

这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语,常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散,清晰明了。

公共生活的复杂性,要求更多\而非更少的信息资料;需要更积极\而非越来越消极的公众的参与。

对于那些关心“民治政府”的人,公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。

当今世界,人类生存问题吉凶未卜,无知是不可取的。

那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天,这也是不可容忍的。

作为公民,我们只有找到更好的教育方法,只有提出更棘手的问题,并得到满意的答案,才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险,运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定,否则,我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。

我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力,本着共同的信念,团结在一起,相互学习,参与到社会民主的建设之中。

民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众,需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者,成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人,知道公共政策的决策形成过程,并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的,有见地的判断。

诚然,没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才,但我们深信,如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话,大学相对子其他机构来说,更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。

为了完成这个迫切的使命,年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内,还必须放眼世界。

现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌,而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。

人类的势力范围已涉及到太空,一切变得都很明了,我们都是同一个星球的守护者。

在过去的半个世纪中,我们的地球变得越来越拥挤,相互依赖性越来越强,同时也更加变化莫测。

如果学生只一味自以为是,不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位,那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽,及至危险的境地。

世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。

但可以肯定的是,我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。

当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠,当印度支那战争带来难民潮时,我们的同情心,我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。

我们开始知道,饥荒和人权已如同武器\条约一样,对人类团结起着决定性的影响。

最令人担心的是,蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。

这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。

然而,在研究中,我们发现了一个极其令人担忧的问题:大学校园对诸如此类的社会常识极端缺乏了解,有时,校园甚至弥漫着一种对世事的冷漠与不关心的氛围。

当难民如潮水一般从一个国家涌入到另外一个国家时,我们却只有极少数学生能在地图上指出这些难民潮的流向,或是谈论起导致难民潮泛滥而起的饥荒、战争和贫穷等世事。

世界各地的哲学家、政治家、发明家和艺术家的丰功伟绩丰富了我们的生活,但他们本人及其贡献却时常不为人知,或是被世人遗忘在角落里。

虽然有一些学生已具备了放眼全球的视角,然而,大多数学生——尽管他们对世事的关注忽隐忽现,却对他们赖以生存\相互依赖的世界缺乏足够的了解。

圣母玛丽亚大学的学院院长威廉·杜黑近期写道:“许多大学教育的问题就在于学校纵容学生们本能地在校园内自筑围城,自我封闭,构筑自己小范围的交往圈,而不去触及学校以外的现实的社会交际。

”综上所述,我们很自然地得出一个结论:世界发生了巨变,世界变得越来越拥挤,相互的联系变得越来越强,同时也更加动荡不安起来。

美国的新一代必须学会如何在这个日益复杂的世界里生活。

如果大学教育不能帮助学生认识自我,超越自我,不能让他们更好地理解世界相互依存的本质特征,那么新生的一代就会变得无知,他们生活的信心及生活的责任感将慢慢被消磨殆尽,及至危险的境地。

通过研究,我们深有感触地认识到当今大学教育最成功之处就是培养学生的综合能力——使学生具备依既定计划行事的能力;具备收集资料信息的能力;考尽其能,术业专攻。

具有成功地处理好单独问题的能力在今天被认为是值得高度称赞的事情。

然而,当我们问及学生们关于他们的大学教育的时候,他们几乎都毫无例外地谈论起他们所获得的学分或是他们仍然需要完成的课程。

教育的终极目的是什么?能力会带采什么结果?各种科学技术都无法回答诸如此类的一些极为重要的问题。

大学教育阶段,是一个人一生中价值观念得以形成的时期,个人的兴趣和爱好也在这一时期凸现出来。

这一时期,人们对一些问题的感触最深,对一些悬而未决的疑难问题最感兴趣,创造力最活跃。

如果人生的这一黄金时期被置于无人问津的次要地位,那将是人生的悲剧。

在大学本科教育阶段,如果学生们习惯于墨守成规,陷入学术界有时过分倡导的条条框框的束缚之中,那将是人生的一大遗,憾。

学生们是在处于人生期望值最高的时刻步入大学校园的。

然而,他们往往却由此而陷入陈规陋习之中,变得死气沉沉,心不在焉。

当我们与老师和同学交谈时,经常会感到丝丝不安:人类生存所必须关注的最重要的问题——社会的自然属性,社会不平等的根源——事实上,这些问题与人类生存的前景休戚相关,却是大学教育中最少被触及的问题。

当学生能够熟练地运用知识,拥有坚实的基础教育,并在某一专业领域有所特长时,大学教育的结果应该由学生在课堂的表现来衡量。

进一步而言,本科教育经历的价值将通过毕业生在其工作岗位上的表现及其以后接受进一步教育的情况体现出来。

最终而言,大学的教育会使学生们充满灵性,开拓思维,格物致知\学以致用,塑造价值观念,进而提高综合的能力。

本科教育的最高境界将能够让学生从具备能力转变为承担起责任。

近期,一名大学生写了一篇关于年轻人的责任及其未来的文章。

她问到:“如果我们连奉献于人的精神都缺乏的话,更不用说一套一套的抽象的价值观念,难以想象我们的民族将会是什么样子。

如果说自身利益是我们崇尚的最高价值观念,人性只是一件无利可图的商品,那么我们将选择什么样的政治人物呢?”总之,大学教育应该鼓励每位同学提高在生活及行为中明辨常理的能力,无论是在课堂上,或是在地下室餐馆,或是在深夜的自由交谈中,力争分秒,探求模棱两可的未知世界,思索那捉摸不定的人类的情感世界。

大学的目的不是向学生进行思想灌输,而是要让他们在思想的国度里畅游,为他们提供良好的氛围,以培养正确的伦理道德观并形成坚定的信念。

这一非同寻常的任务并不否定学生在专业学习上必须付出努力,但选择学习任何一类专业都不应成为他们中断明辨事理能力培养的理由,也不应成为葬送其探求人类生活的终极关怀的这一过程的理由。

我们深刻地意识到,年轻的学子以及他们所生活的大学对当今我们所处的时代的一些事情的接触是有限的。

但我们永远希望,大学教育应以其坚韧的毅力和不懈的努力,促使其毕业生在智力水平及社会生活中成为聪明显赫的人;在他们所乐于承担的社会职责及公民的责任方面能够做到与众不同,最终促使年轻人在世界观的选择上出类拔萃。

这些无形的价值观念,却真实地揭示了年轻人自身价值之所在。

大学教育的质量最终必须以这些无形的价值观念的培养与否来衡量。

Unit2 家庭企业:下一代的前景美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。

在今后的20年里,估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。

大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。

但是很多情况下,财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。

事实上,多数的交接工作将会失败。

一般来说,只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。

一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。

在下—个十年里,数以千计的家庭企业,其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。

糟糕的是许多企业只有进行适当的规划才能勉强生存。

然而,很多企业已为时太晚了。

一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年,三年甚至是五年进行的。

确切地说,一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。

无论规模的大小,技术的高低或名气是否响亮,每一个家庭企业都是不一样的。

但是无论怎样不同,在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前,以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。

计划你的交接管理机构业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强而且精力充沛。

他们往往擅长多种技能。

在很多情况下,他们既是生产专家,又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。

要接替他们的工作则需要较多的人。

因此,家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。

参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应制定他们自己的组织机构图。

然后,对它们进行比较。

各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。

以朱蒂为例。

朱蒂拥有一家软件公司,她共有三个孩子:一个是电脑天才,一个是赛车手,还有一个拿到了商业方面的文凭但对经营公司却毫无兴趣。

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