宾语从句和表语从句详解
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宾语从句和表语从句详解
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名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的,即由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词,后接陈述语序。
例如:What they are doing seems very important.(主语从句)
他们在做的事似乎很重要。
My hope is that he will be the best student in the class.(表语从句)
我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。
Nobody knows who he is.(宾语从句)
大家都不知道他是谁。
I don’t like the idea that money is
everything.(同位语从句)
我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。
引导名词性从句的连接词中,除了that,if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分。
宾语从句
在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词that,whether,if;连接代词who,which,what以及其强调形式whoever,whichever,whatever; 连接副词when,where,why,how等。
例如:Do you know where the Greens live?
I have no interest in how rich he is.
宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构:
1.由that引导的宾语从句(that 引导宾语从句时,特别是在口语中可省略) The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
that引导的宾语从句多用于say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,
imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等后。
当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。例如:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.(= I think it is not right for him ….)
that不能省略的情况:
(1)当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。如:
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not
to tell you.
(2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。如:
Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green
coat and his black silk cap.
(3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。如:
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
2.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。
I can’t decide which book I should buy.
3.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句
I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是
否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用。
4.宾语从句后带有宾补时,需用it 作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句后,这时that不省略。
例如:He thought it wrong that they left the child alone at home.
表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why以及其它连词as if,as though,because等。
例如:The question is whether it is worth reading.
They are just what I want.
That’s why they were late.
1.含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是fact,truth,explanation,problem,opinion,view等。
如:The fact is that fish can’t go