名词性从句
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名词性从句
1）what, that 引导的名词性从句的区别
2）whether, if 引导的名词性从句的区别
3）名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别
4）it作形式主语、形式宾语
1. 名词性从句的内容
名称例句
主语从句1）What we'll do is not decided.
2）It's a pity that you'll leave.
3）That we are invited to a concert is good news to us．
我们被邀请去参加一场音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
4）Whether we'll go there upsets us.
主语从句1）What we'll do is not decided.
2）It's a pity that you'll leave.
3）That we are invited to a concert is good news to us．
我们被邀请去参加一场音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
4）Whether we'll go there upsets us.
宾语从句1）I don't know what we'll do.
2）I know that we have been invited to a concert.
3）I don't know whether we'll go there.
表语从句This is what we'll do next.
同位语从句1）The news that we have won the game is true.
2）The problem what we'll do next upsets us.
注：同位语从句前一般有fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等词，而从句用以补充说明该词的内容。
典例1
It’s still a complete mystery _____ caused the accident.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. where
答案：A
思路分析：句意：是什么引发了这场事故仍旧是个谜。what 引导主语从句;it 作形式主语。
A warm thought suddently came to me _____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. (that引导同位语从句，不做成分，相当于连词）
典例2
It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A. if
B. because
C. when
D. that
答案：D
思路分析：句意：业已证明童年时期多吃蔬菜有助于预防老年时一些重病的发生。句中it作形式主语，其后的从句作真正的主语。从句结构完整，故用连接词that。
典例3
Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ______ the party is t o be held?
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
答案：D
思路分析：句意：明天是汤姆的生日。你认为晚会应当在哪里举行? where引导一个同位语从句，并在同位语从句里作地点状语。
2. whether vs. if （是否）
whether可用于多种名词性从句中，而if只能用于宾语从句中，所以，试题中同时出现whether和if时，选whether。
【例句】
Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem. （主语从句位于句首）
= The problem is whether the meeting will be given. （表语从句）
= I have no idea whether the meeting will be given. （同位语从句）
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
典例1
_____we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
答案：Whether
思路分析：主语从句中只用whether。
典例2
This decision will have effect on _____or not he will succeed.
答案：whether
思路分析：if 不与or not 连用。
考点三名词性从句中的–ever结构
1. 名词性从句与状语从句中-ever的区别
1）状语从句：
【例句】
He wouldn’t believe it, whatever I said.
= He wouldn’t believe it, no matter what I said.
名词性从句：
【例句】
He wouldn’t believe whatever I said.
= He wouldn’t believe anything that I said.
2）状语从句：
【例句】
We’ll welcome him, whoever comes here.
= We’ll welcome him, no matter who comes here.
名词性从句：
【例句】
We’ll welcome whoever comes here.
= We’ll welcome anyone who comes here.（who不能省略）
注：两种从句的结构及成分都不同。
2. whatever vs. whichever
无限定范围时用whatever;有限定范围时用whichever。