短文改错十大考点总结
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考点破解一:名词的数与格的误用
真题再练
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词),请指出并改正过来,然后说明理由。
1.(2015新课标卷I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
2.(2014新课标卷I) Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
4.(2012新课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.
5.(2011新课标卷) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
7.(2015新课标卷II) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 8.(2014新课标卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
9.(2013新课标卷II) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
思路点拨
解答这类题主要有6条依据:
1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。
可数名词大于一时要用复数,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是不可数名词,一般是没有复数形式的。还有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出错的不可数名词。
2.依据名词前的修饰语。
如名词前有these, those, ten等修饰时,应当用复数。如[真题再练]2,these year就错了,要用these years才正确。
3.依据主谓一致原则。
如果谓语动词是复数,主语也应是复数;如果谓语动词是单数,主语也应是单数。如[真题再练]1,谓语是is getting,而主语是airs,可知这里一定有问题。
4.依据上下文信息。
如[真题再练]7,Tony went toa shopping center with his parent,汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲,还是同他父母一起去商场?下文his parents were missing告诉我们,是同父母一起去的,故parent应用复数。
5.依据生活常识。
如[真题再练]3,一个人的肩膀是有左有右的,应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无确指出with broad shoulder这一错误。
6.依据逻辑意义。
如[真题再练]6,“当我最终到达朋友时”,“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢?这里一定有问题,应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。
考点归纳
名词是短文改错的必考点,5年8套题中无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”,具体
有3点:
1.不可数名词没有复数,文中却用了复数。
如[真题再练]第1题和第5题。要牢记常见的不可数名词,如:fun, advice,information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money 等。
2.可数名词该用复数时,文中却用了单数。
如[真题再练]第2、3、4、7、8、9题。显然,这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于1的数词修饰时,以及虽无这些词但根据语境其意义大于1时,一定要用复数形式。
3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格,文中却没用。
如[真题再练]第6题。注意,以下情况中,名词所有格后的名词可省略:a butcher’s(shop)肉铺,a tailor’s(shop)裁缝店,a barber’s(shop)理发店,a doctor’s(office)诊所,my sister’s(home)我姐姐家,其中shop,office, home等表示处所的词都可以省略,直接用名词所有格表示。
考点破解二:代词的误用与漏用
真题再练
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词),请指出并改正过来,然后说明理由。
1.(2015新课标卷I) We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
2.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others…
3.(2012新课标卷) I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.
4.(2012新课标卷) For a while, parents bought me new toys.
5.(2015新课标卷II) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
思路点拨
解答这类题需注意两点:
1. 弄清指代对象。
凡是核查代词是否有错,关键是核查该代词的指代对象,即到底是指代谁或什么,弄清指代的对象是人还是物,是男还是女,是单数还是复数。
2. 留意三无名词。
即要特别留意前面无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词的名词。遇到三无名词,要自问:是泛指吗?如果不是泛指,具体又是谁的呢?如[真题再练]第4题,“父母给我买了新玩具”,是泛指天下所有的父母?不是!是谁的父母给我买玩具?我的父母!故parents前应加上my。
考点归纳
代词是短文改错的常考点,5年8套题中考了5次。主要从5个方面考查代词。
1. 前后人称不一致。如[真题再练]1,your与前后的we不一致。
2. 前后单复数不一致。如[真题再练]3,it与指代对象the toys在单复数上不一致。
3. 前后的性别不一致。如前后谈的是一个女人,却冒出he或his来,反之亦然。
4. 物主代词的漏用。如[真题再练]4、5题。
5. this, that, it的区别;anything与everything的区别。
考点破解三:冠词的混用、多用与少用
真题再练