英语语法-特殊句式
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did.
• 2.在if 条件句中,通常可以省略if ,而将从句倒装 条件: 在if 条件句,必须含有系动词were, 助动词 had 和 情态动词should
Were he younger(=If he were younger ),he would learn skating .
Should they forget (=If they should forget ) to bring a map with them ,they would get lost in the woods .
home . Often did I advise him to give it up . Only he was right . Only +主语位于句首不倒装
• 6. So\such…that 句型中，以so\such 开头的句子 中，主句要部分倒装
• 1.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
• 1) Here comes the bus . • 2) There goes the bell . • 3) Away went the students . • 4) Now comes the chance .
注意：1.不能用进行时； 2. 主语为人称代词时不 倒装。
• 5) Out rushed the children.
• Do come early next time. • He did send you a letter last week.
• 2. “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…”强调句型
• “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…” 句型中的it 没有实际意义，只是用来改变 句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。 所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份， 如主语、宾语、状语等。
Had they realized (=If they had realized ) how important the task was ,they wouldn’t have refused to accept .
Were I you ,I would help her .
• 3.否定词或半否定词 (never, little ,seldom ,not ,nowhere无处, few , by no means
• 2) In front of our school stands a tower .
• 3) By either side of the river grow a lot of apple trees .
• 4) At the top of the mountain stands a temple .
否定词/包含否定词的词组
• 原句：I didn’t get up until 9:00. • 倒装： Not until 9:00 did I get up.
So /such… that…
• 原句：He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him.
• 倒装： So fast did he speak that I didn’t understand him.
特殊句式
（强调句、倒装句、省略句）
英语语法专项
强调句
• 强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之 一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思 想能被对方恰当地理解，必须加强语气， 突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色 彩，这时就会用到强调。
• 1. “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”的强调形 式 “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”是英语中强 调谓语的方法。在这里do的含义是“的确，务必， 千万，真的”。
动词
• Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.
• 单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词 Young as he is, he knows more than you.
So单独出现在句首
• Mary had a good time last night. • So she did, and so did I.
• 2.以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全 部倒装。
• 1) In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor .
倒装句
• 倒装句是指句子成分不是按照主语在前、谓语在 后的正常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分 一到主语之前。
• 倒装句是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。 • 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 • 完全倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，
把谓语移到主语前面。 • 部分倒装是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词
• 4.以not until ,no sooner …than , hardly …when ,not only …but also 所引导的状 语放在句首时,需要部分倒装
Not until 10’clock the will library open .
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me .
• 5) Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.
• 3.表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动 词+主语”
形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor
White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
He went to the film last night. So did I . You must finish your work, so must I . She is interested in the story, so am I . He didn’t turn up. Neither did his brother . His mother told him not to go to the film. So he
倒装句
必须弄清的两点：
①若有主从句，哪句倒装。 ②部分倒装还是完全倒装。
完全倒装
• 1.表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（now ,then， here ,there, out ,in ,up, down ,away ,back, off, on ), 句子 全部倒装。注：主语是代词时， 不倒装。（如5，6）
• (3) 被强调部分的人称和数 • 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that
后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保 持一致
• It was they that were talking and laughing. • 是他们在又说又笑的。
• （4）强调句指人和指物的情况 • 被强调部分指人时，It is (was)… 后用who（强调
Hardly had the train arrived when I ran to meet my friend.
Not only does she speak English but also she follows the British way of life .
• 5. only 及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒 装。
• （1）强调句型的时态 • 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过
去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表 示过去的时态时，用It was… that… • 表示现9在的时态时，用It is… that…
• It is the computer that is doing many jobs. • When was it that the football match started?
• 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，用部分倒装。 May you can have a sweet dream.
省略句
• 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞 上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出 现，这种句子叫做省略句。
• 其特点是： 虽然省去句子语法构造所需要 的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都 可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。
主语）, whom（强调宾语）或 that均可 • 指事物或情况时，通常用that（不用when，
where，which等）
• It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.
• It was in the street that they quarreled.
或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装。
英语倒装句分为两种：
１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装句。 Here comes the car.
２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系 动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之 后的句子，叫部分倒装句。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
决不 ,at no time 从不)位于句首,应部分倒装
Never have I been there . Little did I know about it . Seldom did she come late to school . Not a single mistake did he make . By no means should you buy that kind of car
过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they
liked to the Chinese people.
部分倒装
• 1. 将so\neither \nor 放在开头,表示“…也(不)…” 的意思时,部分倒装 注:表示“确实是这样”时,不倒装
• 2.So small were the words that he could hardly see them .
• 3.Such an interesting film was it that we were all deeply moved .
• 7. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 • n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态
• often 位于句首时，同样。
Only in this way can we solve the problem . Only then could the experiment show its result . Only when the war was over was he able to go
Out he rushed.
• 6) There comes the bus.
There he comes.
Only +状语
• 原句： We can achieve success only through hard work.
• 倒装： Only through hard work can we achieve success.
简单句中的省略
• 1. 省略主语 Haven’t seen you for years! (Haven’t 前省略了主语I )
• 2. 省略谓语或部分谓语 Anything you want? ( Anything 前省略了Is there) The students still waiting. (The students 前省略了
• (2) 强调句型中的数 • 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It 后的s +被强调部分 +who…” 强调句型 • It is they who have finished cleaning the
classroom. • 他们才是已经打扫完教室的人。
• 2.在if 条件句中,通常可以省略if ,而将从句倒装 条件: 在if 条件句,必须含有系动词were, 助动词 had 和 情态动词should
Were he younger(=If he were younger ),he would learn skating .
Should they forget (=If they should forget ) to bring a map with them ,they would get lost in the woods .
home . Often did I advise him to give it up . Only he was right . Only +主语位于句首不倒装
• 6. So\such…that 句型中，以so\such 开头的句子 中，主句要部分倒装
• 1.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
• 1) Here comes the bus . • 2) There goes the bell . • 3) Away went the students . • 4) Now comes the chance .
注意：1.不能用进行时； 2. 主语为人称代词时不 倒装。
• 5) Out rushed the children.
• Do come early next time. • He did send you a letter last week.
• 2. “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…”强调句型
• “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…” 句型中的it 没有实际意义，只是用来改变 句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。 所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份， 如主语、宾语、状语等。
Had they realized (=If they had realized ) how important the task was ,they wouldn’t have refused to accept .
Were I you ,I would help her .
• 3.否定词或半否定词 (never, little ,seldom ,not ,nowhere无处, few , by no means
• 2) In front of our school stands a tower .
• 3) By either side of the river grow a lot of apple trees .
• 4) At the top of the mountain stands a temple .
否定词/包含否定词的词组
• 原句：I didn’t get up until 9:00. • 倒装： Not until 9:00 did I get up.
So /such… that…
• 原句：He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him.
• 倒装： So fast did he speak that I didn’t understand him.
特殊句式
（强调句、倒装句、省略句）
英语语法专项
强调句
• 强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之 一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思 想能被对方恰当地理解，必须加强语气， 突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色 彩，这时就会用到强调。
• 1. “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”的强调形 式 “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”是英语中强 调谓语的方法。在这里do的含义是“的确，务必， 千万，真的”。
动词
• Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.
• 单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词 Young as he is, he knows more than you.
So单独出现在句首
• Mary had a good time last night. • So she did, and so did I.
• 2.以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全 部倒装。
• 1) In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor .
倒装句
• 倒装句是指句子成分不是按照主语在前、谓语在 后的正常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分 一到主语之前。
• 倒装句是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。 • 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 • 完全倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，
把谓语移到主语前面。 • 部分倒装是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词
• 4.以not until ,no sooner …than , hardly …when ,not only …but also 所引导的状 语放在句首时,需要部分倒装
Not until 10’clock the will library open .
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me .
• 5) Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.
• 3.表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动 词+主语”
形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor
White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
He went to the film last night. So did I . You must finish your work, so must I . She is interested in the story, so am I . He didn’t turn up. Neither did his brother . His mother told him not to go to the film. So he
倒装句
必须弄清的两点：
①若有主从句，哪句倒装。 ②部分倒装还是完全倒装。
完全倒装
• 1.表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（now ,then， here ,there, out ,in ,up, down ,away ,back, off, on ), 句子 全部倒装。注：主语是代词时， 不倒装。（如5，6）
• (3) 被强调部分的人称和数 • 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that
后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保 持一致
• It was they that were talking and laughing. • 是他们在又说又笑的。
• （4）强调句指人和指物的情况 • 被强调部分指人时，It is (was)… 后用who（强调
Hardly had the train arrived when I ran to meet my friend.
Not only does she speak English but also she follows the British way of life .
• 5. only 及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒 装。
• （1）强调句型的时态 • 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过
去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表 示过去的时态时，用It was… that… • 表示现9在的时态时，用It is… that…
• It is the computer that is doing many jobs. • When was it that the football match started?
• 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，用部分倒装。 May you can have a sweet dream.
省略句
• 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞 上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出 现，这种句子叫做省略句。
• 其特点是： 虽然省去句子语法构造所需要 的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都 可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。
主语）, whom（强调宾语）或 that均可 • 指事物或情况时，通常用that（不用when，
where，which等）
• It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.
• It was in the street that they quarreled.
或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装。
英语倒装句分为两种：
１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装句。 Here comes the car.
２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系 动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之 后的句子，叫部分倒装句。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
决不 ,at no time 从不)位于句首,应部分倒装
Never have I been there . Little did I know about it . Seldom did she come late to school . Not a single mistake did he make . By no means should you buy that kind of car
过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they
liked to the Chinese people.
部分倒装
• 1. 将so\neither \nor 放在开头,表示“…也(不)…” 的意思时,部分倒装 注:表示“确实是这样”时,不倒装
• 2.So small were the words that he could hardly see them .
• 3.Such an interesting film was it that we were all deeply moved .
• 7. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 • n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态
• often 位于句首时，同样。
Only in this way can we solve the problem . Only then could the experiment show its result . Only when the war was over was he able to go
Out he rushed.
• 6) There comes the bus.
There he comes.
Only +状语
• 原句： We can achieve success only through hard work.
• 倒装： Only through hard work can we achieve success.
简单句中的省略
• 1. 省略主语 Haven’t seen you for years! (Haven’t 前省略了主语I )
• 2. 省略谓语或部分谓语 Anything you want? ( Anything 前省略了Is there) The students still waiting. (The students 前省略了
• (2) 强调句型中的数 • 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It 后的s +被强调部分 +who…” 强调句型 • It is they who have finished cleaning the
classroom. • 他们才是已经打扫完教室的人。