法律英语赔偿条款

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ARTICLE 6

INDEMNIFICATION

INDEMNIFICATION用于赔偿条款或独立的赔偿协议中时指的是一个广义的过程,包括索赔,赔偿,对赔偿的限制,救济等一切与赔偿相关的行为。Indemnity 一词的本义是指赔偿物,但在合同英语中,将indemnity与Indemnification不加区别地予以互换使用的情形也不鲜见。

Definitions

此标题Definition及其下各词条应当纳入对应的定义与解释条款中,亦即合同第一条或者附件之中。

“Affiliate” means, w ith respect to any person or entity, each stockholder, subsidiary, officer, director, agent and employee of that person or entity.

评述:“affiliate”一词的译法以前的课时中已经提及,不再赘述。需要提出的是:“entity”一词本意为机构、实体,为在中国法中为之找到对等语以便更符合法律专业人士的通常提法,不妨译为“组织”。由于在此句中“entity”一词显然与“person”形成对照,可考虑分别译为“组织”和“个人”。

译文:“关联方”,就任何个人或组织而言,是指该个人或组织的每一股东,子公司,高级员工,董事,代理及雇员。

“Claim” has the meaning assigned in Section 6.09(a).

“索赔”一词具有

“claim”一词在法律语境中作为名词使用时,通常表示“索赔”或者“权利主张”或者“赔偿请求权”。

Eg1: (b) Specific Assignments Prohibited.Assignments prohibited under subsection (a) include, without limitation, assignment of

(i) any claim for damages arising out of the Non-assigning party’s breach of the

whole contract; and

(b) 特定转让的禁止。(a)款项下禁止的转让包括,但不限于下列转让:

(i) 因非转让方违反整个合同引起的任何损害赔偿请求权之转让;及

译文:“索赔”一词具有第6.09(a)项中所赋予的意义。

“Indemnifiable Losses” means the aggregate of Losses and Litigation Expenses.“Indemnifiable Losses”是指“应赔偿损失”。在法律英语中有很多生僻用词,一般词典上难以查到。由于“Indemnifiable”是一个明显的派生词,其词根部分“Indemnify”的含义—赔偿—我们是知道的,问题在于其后缀有两种不同含义:一曰“可…的”(如edible, 可食用的);二曰“应…的”(如receivables, 应收款项)。依法律常识,此处应当译成“应赔偿损失”。译文:“应赔偿损失”是指累计损失及诉讼费用。

“Indemnitee” means any person who makes a claim for indemnification under this Article, and each Affiliate of the Indemnitee.

译文:“受偿方”是指提起本条项下赔偿请求的任何人及其每一关联方。

“Indemnitor” means any person against whom an Indemnitee makes a claim for indemnification under this Article.

译文:“赔偿方”是指被“受偿方”提起本条项下索赔的任何人。

“Litigation Expense” means any court filing fee, court cost, arbitration fee or cost, witness fee, and each other fee and cost of investigating and defending or asserting a claim for indemnification under this Article, including, without limitation, in each case, attorneys’ fees, other professionals’ fees, and disbursements.

评述:在英文合同中fee, cost, expense, disbursement等表示费用的近义词非常多,但汉语中用来表示对等概念的词汇相对较少,彼此间的区分界限也不明朗。在英美法语境下,

Fee 通常是指政府机关或专业人士为其所提供的服务收取的费用。

Cost 通常指经营某项营业的成本。

Expense则多用来表示种花费,通常在中文中译为“花费”或支出。

译文:“诉讼费”是指任何立案费,庭审成本,仲裁费或仲裁成本,证人费以及为调查,抗辩或提出本条项下的某项赔偿请求而支出的每一其它费用和成本,包括但不限于为每一案件支出的律师费,聘请其它专业人士的费用和支出。

“Loss” means any liability, loss, claim, set tlement payment, cost and expense, interest, award, judgment, damages (including punitive damages), diminution in value, fines, fees and penalties or other charge, other than a Litigation Expense.

译文:“损失”是指不属于“诉讼费用”的任何责任,损失,索赔,和解费,成本与花费,利息,不利裁决或判决,损害赔偿(包括惩罚性赔偿),价值减损,罚款,费用及违约金或其它收费。

“Third Party Claim” has the meaning assigned in Section 6.10 (a).

译文:“第三方索赔”具有第6.10 (a)条中赋予的含义。

Section 6.01. Indemnification of Buyer. Subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6.03 [Survival of Representations and Warranties], Section 6.05 [Basket], Section 6.06 [Limitation of Indemnity Obligation], and Section 6.07 [Taxes], Seller and ParentCo. shall indemnify Buyer against all Indemnifiable Losses arising out of or relating to any one or more of the following: (a) Any [material] misrepresentation or breach by Seller of any representation or warranty set forth in this Agreement [or any Closing Document that Seller delivered].

(b) Any [material] breach by Seller of any covenant or other agreement set forth in this Agreement [or any Closing Document that Seller delivered].

(c) Seller’s failure to pay or discharge any Retained Liabilities.

(d) The claim (referred to in Item ___ of Section ___ of Seller’s Disclosure Schedule)||(pertaining to the action(to hold Seller responsible for the [insert the disclosed liability against which Seller will indemnify Buyer].))

评述:

1. 本条的标题“Indemnification of Buyer.”若不注意,译成中文时极易造成歧义。比如直译成“买方赔偿”,则单就标题译文表达的意思而不参照下文具体内容是很难明确到底是“买方享有的赔偿”还是“买方承担的赔偿”之意。因此,为免含混,最好是增译成“买方享有的赔偿”。

2. “Subject to”和“arising out of or relating to”是法律英语中常见的表达,前面的课程中已有述及,不再赘述。

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